CN110193356A - 一种高选择性凝胶吸附树脂制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水体中重金属离子吸附剂技术领域,具体涉及一种基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附树脂方法及其应用。本发明以醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸为单体,加入一定量的乳化剂、交联剂和引发剂,超声分散,将该体系升温至一定温度,反应一段时间后,得到凝胶。然后通过乙醇醇解,得到聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联结构凝胶,得到凝胶在Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+混合离子体系中,对Cu2+具有高吸附选择性。该树脂主要完全由C、H、O元素组成,燃烧值高,高温回收重金属离子时,对环境无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水体中重金属离子吸附剂的技术领域,具体涉及一种基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附树脂方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着工业生产的迅速发展,工业废水的排放量逐年增加。而工业废水中存在着大量的重金属离子,这些工业废水不进行处理就直接排放,将对生态环境和人体健康造成严重的影响。其中有一些重金属离子具有较高市场价值的金属,回收废水中的重金属离子离子也能够获得一定的经济收益。吸附法是去除水体中重金属离子最常用的方法之一,具有成本低、效率高、操作简单等优点。但是传统的吸附材料,包括无机吸附材料如活性炭、二氧化硅、碳纳米管以及又及吸附材料等在复杂的实际废水处理中存在吸附容量低、吸附速率慢、选择性吸附能力差等缺点。因此,研究设计一种能够稳定、高效及高选择性吸附特定金属离子的吸附剂具有十分重要的意义。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)具有价廉、生产简单易得,对生物无毒等一系列优点。同时由于聚乙烯醇是一种多羟基聚合物,具备大量可修饰的亲水性羟基,在以聚乙烯醇为基质的鳌合树脂功能基中,存在 O、N、P、S 等,与金属离子配位从而形成稳定的螯合物,因而常用于环境保护领域。但是没有功能化的聚乙烯醇存在吸附容量低、吸附速率慢、选择性差的弊端,而且水稳定性不好限制了其重复利用能力。针对现有技术的不足,本发明采用无毒、稳定、价廉易得的醋酸乙烯酯,与丙烯酸、交联剂通过乳液聚合、然后醇解制备出在Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+水体中高选择性吸附铜离子的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料。本发明制备的高选择性吸附铜离子的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料易于分离,通透性好,且具有良好的酸碱耐受性和机械性能,同时对铜离子具有高选择吸附性能。本发明提供了一种高性能铜离子吸附材料及其制备方法,具有较大的使用价值和广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种一种基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附树脂方法及其应用,本发明提供的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附容量高、吸附速度快且在Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+水体中对铜离子具有高选择吸附性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种基于乳液法制备的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂。具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、结构稳定等优点,实现在Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+水体中对金属铜离子的高选择性吸附。实施例结果表明,本发明基于乳液法制备的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂在Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+的浓度均为40mg/L的混合溶液中进行选择吸附时,对Cu2+具有选择吸附性,吸附量最高可达91%,而其他金属离子的吸附量最大仅为2%。
实施例1:
一种基于乳液法制备的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将2 g辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)加入40 g去离子水中,超声分散至混合均匀;
步骤二、将3 g醋酸乙烯酯、0.5 g丙烯酸和0.05 g N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加入步骤一溶液中,并搅拌使混合溶液混合均匀,充氮排氧;
步骤三、将步骤二得到的混合液升温至70 oC,加入0.1 g的过硫酸钾水溶液,反应5h得到聚醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸交联凝胶;
步骤四、分离,用索氏提取器水洗涤4次并干燥,得到聚醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料;
步骤五、配制20%聚醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸交联凝胶醇溶液,加入25 ml NaOH乙醇溶液,升温至50 oC,醇解反应1 h,得到醇解后的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶材料;
步骤六、分离,用索氏提取器水洗涤4次并干燥,得到聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料。
实施例2:
一种基于乳液法制备的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将3 g十二烷基磺酸钠加入35 g去离子水中,超声分散至混合均匀;
步骤二、将2 g醋酸乙烯酯、0.45 g丙烯酸和0.05 g N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加入步骤一溶液中,并搅拌使混合溶液混合均匀,充氮排氧;
步骤三、将步骤二得到的混合液升温至70 oC,加入0.2 g的过硫酸铵水溶液,反应5h得到聚醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸交联凝胶;
步骤四、分离,用索氏提取器水洗涤4次并干燥,得到聚醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料;
步骤五、配制20%聚醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸交联凝胶醇溶液,加入25 ml NaOH乙醇溶液,升温至50 oC,醇解反应1 h,得到醇解后的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶材料;
步骤六、分离,用索氏提取器水洗涤4次并干燥,得到聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料。
应用实施例1
取0.1 g实施例1中制备的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附材料加入到100 ml、金属离子浓度均为40 mg/LCu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+的离子溶液中,磁力搅拌,每间隔4 h取样测定溶液中Cu2 +、Cd2+、Zn2+离子浓度,实验结果表明后者对Cu2+吸附率可达到90%以上,而且Cd2+、Zn2+的吸附率仅2%不到,证明本发明凝胶对Cu2+具有高选择性。
以上显示和描述了本发明的实施实例,体现了本发明的基于乳液法制备的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂。应当理解的是,对于本领域技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附树脂方法及其应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸、交联剂、乳化剂、引发剂、水放入三口瓶,超声分散,通氮除氧,升温至一定温度,通过自由基乳液聚合反应得到凝胶,将得到的凝胶通过索氏提取器提纯;
(2)将上述步骤得到的凝胶放入到乙醇中,常温加入一定量的NaOH乙醇溶液,于50℃下进行醇解,制得到醇解后的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶。
2.按照权利要求1所述的基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附材料方法及其应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的交联剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,二乙烯基苯。
3.按照权利要求1所述的基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附材料方法及其应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的乳化剂为十二烷基磺酸钠,十二烷基磺酸钠,辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)。
4.按照权利要求1所述的基于乳液法制备的高选择性凝胶吸附材料方法及其应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈,过硫酸钾,过硫酸铵,过氧化苯甲酰。
5.权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂在水体Cu2 +、Cd2+、Zn2+选择吸附中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用包括:将所述的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸交联凝胶吸附剂投加到待吸附含Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+水体中,搅拌吸附。
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