CN106390956B - 一种治理重金属废水的双网络凝胶吸附剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种治理重金属废水的双网络凝胶吸附剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种重金属吸附剂的制备及应用。以琼脂和丙烯酸为原料,采用一步溶胶凝胶发制备出凝胶,再以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,三乙烯四胺为交联物,通过氨基功能化修饰后,制备出具有超强力学性能,并对重金属具有优异去除效果的双网络凝胶。本发明制备的凝胶,由于三维网络多孔结构,且具有较高渗透压,能实现快速的吸附溶液中重金属离子;此外网络结构中的所有吸附位点均能充分暴露出来,具有较高的吸附容量;两种网络的互穿结构,以及正负离子对的静电作用,大大增强了该凝胶的力学性能,能直接从吸附后的溶液有效的分离出来,实现吸附剂的快速有效回收。该发明制备简单,无苛刻的实验条件限制,可对含有Cd(II)或其他重金属废水进行治理。
Description
技术领域
本发明设计一种双网络凝胶吸附剂的制备及对重金属去除的应用。
背景技术
工业废水中重金属离子的处理问题日益引起国内外科研工作者的关注。从实际应用的角度来看,目前常用的很多吸附剂仍存在诸多缺点,比如活性炭、螯合树脂等颗粒状的吸附剂,其较小的孔隙结构以及疏水的骨架结构,使得金属离子在内扩散阶段速率较低;对于纳米吸附材料,虽有较快的吸附速率和较大的吸附容量,但难以重复利用,且容易产生毒性淤泥。因此,同时具备低成本、高吸附性能、易于分离、可重复利用等优点的吸附剂是在水处理过程中急需的。
双网络凝胶内部含有了两种性能相反的互穿网络,相比传统水凝胶具有非常优异的力学性能,近年来受到化学、材料、医学、生物、环境等领域的极大重视。
双网络凝胶含有大量的水份以及较高的渗透压,且凝胶上的吸附位点能完全的暴露在外环境中,因此金属离子容易扩散到凝胶内部,快速高效的与吸附位点反应。加之这种具有两个互穿和交联的聚合物网络,以及动态的静电作用,使高力学性能的双网络凝胶用于水体中吸附重金属离子成为了可能。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法,可有效的提高凝胶的力学性能,吸附速率,吸附容量,且具有良好的再生回收能力。
本发明的另一个目的是考察该双网络凝胶吸附剂对重金属镉离子的去除效果。
本发明的技术方案是:将丙烯酸单体加入到琼脂水溶液中,经聚合反应,得到含聚丙烯酸-琼脂双网络凝胶;然后将凝胶加入到含有环氧氯丙烷的碱性溶液中进行反应,最后将反应了的凝胶加入到含有三乙烯四胺的碱溶液中进行修饰,得到双网络凝胶。
1~15%的琼脂在50~100℃下进行溶解。
琼脂也丙烯酸单体的质量比为1:1~5
聚合反应过程中以过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾作为引发剂(单体浓度的0.1~1mol%),用二乙烯基苯或N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为丙烯酸交联剂(单体浓度的0.1~3mol%)。
聚合反应过程温度优选50~100℃,时间优选1~5小时。
环氧氯丙烷和氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的浓度为1~10%,溶剂为二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,优选在50~100℃反应1~5小时。
三乙烯四胺和氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的浓度为10~20%,溶剂为水或二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,优选在50~100℃反应1~5小时。
本发明的材料通过琼脂和聚丙烯酸于凝胶内部形成两种性能相反的互穿网络结构,且两种网络结构以大量的正负离子对加强内部静电作用力,大大提高了凝胶的力学性能。网络结构上的吸附位点能充分暴露出来,具有有效的起到吸附作用。在25℃下,双网络凝胶吸附剂用量为1 g/L时,对镉离子的最大吸附量为294 mg/g,并惊喜的发现在镉离子浓度低于200 mg/L时,吸附后镉离子的剩余浓度均低于1 mg/L,吸附容量和吸附效率远远高于常规的树脂、活性炭等吸附剂。由于三维网络结构具有加大的扩散空间,使得金属离子在该凝胶内具有较快扩散速率,通过实验发现,镉离子初始浓度为120 mg/L,仅需要5分钟便能达到77%的吸附率,在30分钟时便能达到97%的吸附率。同时,该凝胶在pH 1.5,吸附率为1.8%,pH 3时,吸附率高达95.6%,具有优良的耐酸性外,也能方便在较低pH下再生。
附图说明
图1. 双网络凝胶吸附剂的照片图。
图2. 双网络凝胶吸附溶液中的铜离子。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例旨在对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
(1)凝胶的制备
取1g琼脂加入到10 ml去离子水中,在90℃下溶解。加入2 ml 精制后的丙烯酸单体到溶解的琼脂溶液中,加入0.25 mol%的过硫酸铵作为引发剂,1.5 mol%的N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为交联剂,注入0.6ml大小的柱状模具中,在60℃反应2小时完成自由基聚合过程。
(2)双网络凝胶的制备
将得到的凝胶放入30 mL含有1.5 g NaOH和2 mL 环氧氯丙烷的二甲基亚砜的溶液中,在60°C 反应1小时,再将凝胶取出放入到2 mL含0.2 mL三乙烯四胺和20 wt%的 NaOH水溶液中,60°C下反应 2 小时,得到修饰的双网络凝胶。
(3)吸附性能的测定
双网络凝胶为吸附剂对重金属镉离子进行了吸附实验。金属溶液的浓度分别为30 mg/L、60 mg/L、90 mg/L、120 mg/L、150 mg/L、180 mg/L、210 mg/L、250 mg/L、300 mg/L、350 mg/L、400 mg/L,凝胶用量为1 mg/L(凝胶干重),pH 为6,温度为25 ℃,吸附时间为2小时。模拟Langmuir吸附等温线测其理论吸附量。最终计算得吸附容量为294 mg/g。
实施例2
(1)凝胶的制备
将实施例1中的1 g琼脂用量改为0.5g。
(2)双网络凝胶的制备
同实施例1。
(3)吸附性能的测定
吸附性能的测定条件同实施例1。最终计算得最大吸附容量为187 mg/g。
实施例3
(1)凝胶的制备
同实施例1。
(2)双网络凝胶的制备
将实施例1中的20wt% NaOH水溶液改为10 wt% NaOH水溶液。
(3)吸附性能的测定
吸附性能的测定条件同实施例1。最终计算得最大吸附容量为233 mg/g。
实施例4
(1)凝胶的制备
同实施例1。
(2)双网络凝胶的制备
将实施例1中的2 mL 环氧氯丙烷用量改为1 mL。
(3)吸附性能的测定
吸附性能的测定条件同实施例1。最终计算得最大吸附容量为246 mg/g。
实施例5
(1)凝胶的制备
将2mL的丙烯酸单体用量改为1mL。
(2)双网络凝胶的制备
同实施例1。
(3)吸附性能的测定
吸附性能的测定条件同实施例1。最终计算得最大吸附容量为322 mg/g。 但该实施例所得产品力学性能明显下降。
Claims (3)
1.一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:将丙烯酸单体加入到琼脂溶液中,经聚合反应,得到含聚丙烯酸-琼脂双网络凝胶;然后将凝胶加入到含有环氧氯丙烷的碱性溶液中进行反应,最后将反应了的凝胶加入到含有三乙烯四胺的碱溶液中进行修饰,得到双网络凝胶;
所述琼脂溶液是将1~15%琼脂加入到水中,在50~100℃下得到均匀的水溶液;反应液中琼脂与丙烯酸单体的质量比为1:1~5;聚合过程以过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾作为引发剂;用二乙烯基苯或N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为丙烯酸交联剂;环氧氯丙烷和氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的浓度为1~10%,溶剂为二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,在50~100℃反应1~5小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,三乙烯四胺和氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的浓度为10~20%,溶剂为水或二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,在50~100℃反应1~5小时。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一所述的制备方法的得到的凝胶吸附剂的应用,其特征在于所述重金属吸附剂用于镉离子的吸附。
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