CN110178766B - Artificial breeding method of Acipenser lapipenser - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method of Acipenser lapipenser Download PDFInfo
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- CN110178766B CN110178766B CN201910620799.7A CN201910620799A CN110178766B CN 110178766 B CN110178766 B CN 110178766B CN 201910620799 A CN201910620799 A CN 201910620799A CN 110178766 B CN110178766 B CN 110178766B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
An artificial breeding method of Acipenser nudus belongs to the field of aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps: step one, cultivating the parent fish of the Acipenser rauense: step two, selecting and accelerating maturity of the parent fish of the Acipenser nudus: selecting healthy and strong individuals from the cultivated Acipenser nudus every 5 months, putting the individuals as Acipenser nudus parent fish into an indoor breeding pond, temporarily culturing for 2-3 days, and then artificially accelerating the female Acipenser nudus parent fish by first medicine injection, wherein the temporarily culturing temperature is 14-15 ℃; step three, artificial induced spawning and fertilization: carrying out artificial spawning induction by injecting a second medicament for 12 hours after the female bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish is artificially matured by injecting the first medicament, wherein the second medicament injection and the part are the same as the first medicament injection, and the male bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish is injected simultaneously; after the second drug injection is carried out for 24 hours, the sperm of the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish can be collected after the ovulation of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish is checked, and the artificial insemination is carried out; step four, hatching and seedling cultivation. The method is used for artificial breeding of the Acipenser nudus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method of Acipenser lapipenser.
Background
Acipenser nubivatris (Acipenser) is a fish of the genus Acipenser of the family Acipenseridae. The original black sea, the inner sea and the saltwater basin are introduced into the Ili river system in 1933 and 1934 in the former Soviet Union and then enter the Ili river system in China. The sturgeon with naked abdomen has large individual, long sexual maturity time, fine and smooth meat quality and delicious taste, and is particularly known as 'black gold' as sturgeon caviar processed by eggs, which is always the traditional food in Europe and America. In recent years, the resource amount of the acipenser lapipes is sharply reduced due to transitional fishing, environmental pollution and the like. At present, sturgeons with bare abdomen are difficult to catch in Yili river basin, and are formally listed in a list of important aquatic wild animals in Xinjiang autonomous region. Therefore, artificial breeding is an effective measure for realizing the recovery of the resource quantity of the Acipenser ruthenus, and documents about the breeding and propagation of the Acipenser ruthenus are not reported yet.
The existing sturgeon artificial propagation mode is not suitable for artificial propagation of the bare sturgeon in the aspects of fertilized egg hatching temperature, oxytocic dosage, fry breeding temperature and the like, so that the method has the advantages of low oxytocic rate, low emergence rate, low survival rate and incapability of forming large-scale production of the bare sturgeon fries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that no artificial breeding technology for acipenser ruthenus exists at present and the artificial spawning success rate and the hatching rate are low, and further provides an artificial breeding method for the acipenser ruthenus.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an artificial breeding method of Acipenser nudus, comprising the following steps:
step one, cultivating the parent fish of the Acipenser rauense: selecting healthy Acipenser sinensis with age of more than 13 for intensive culture, wherein the number ratio of female Acipenser sinensis to male Acipenser sinensis is 1: 3;
step two, selecting and accelerating maturity of the parent fish of the Acipenser nudus: selecting healthy and strong individuals from the cultivated Acipenser nudus every 5 months, putting the individuals into an indoor breeding pond as Acipenser nudus parent fish, and after the Acipenser nudus parent fish is put into the breeding pond for temporary breeding for 2-3 days, carrying out first drug injection artificial maturity promotion on female Acipenser nudus parent fish, wherein the temporary breeding temperature is 14-15 ℃;
step three, artificial induced spawning and fertilization: carrying out artificial spawning induction on female Acipenser sinensis parent fish by injecting medicaments for the first time and carrying out artificial ripening acceleration for the second time 12h after the first time, wherein the medicament injection and the part for the second time are the same as those for the first time; simultaneously injecting the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish, wherein the injection mode, dosage and position are the same as the second injection mode of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish; after the second drug injection is carried out for 24 hours, the sperm of the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish can be collected after the ovulation of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish is checked, and the artificial insemination is carried out;
step four, hatching and seedling cultivation: and (3) after the fertilized eggs in the third step are debonded, putting the fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator for incubation in flowing water, wherein the incubation water temperature is 17-18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, and after the sturgeon fries are incubated out, the sturgeon fries are cultured in different jars.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can obtain well-developed sturgeon fries with bare abdomen, is simple and convenient to operate, has high utilization rate of parent fish, can realize large-scale production of the sturgeon fries with bare abdomen, and has important significance for protecting and utilizing the sturgeons with bare abdomen.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment describes an artificial breeding method of Acipenser lapipenser, which comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivating the parent fish of the Acipenser rauense: selecting healthy Acipenser sinensis with age of more than 13 for intensive culture, wherein the number ratio of female Acipenser sinensis to male Acipenser sinensis is 1: 3;
step two, selecting and accelerating maturity of the parent fish of the Acipenser nudus: selecting healthy and strong individuals from the cultivated Acipenser nudus every 5 months, putting the individuals into an indoor breeding pond as Acipenser nudus parent fish, and after the Acipenser nudus parent fish is put into the breeding pond for temporary breeding for 2-3 days, carrying out first drug injection artificial maturity promotion on female Acipenser nudus parent fish, wherein the temporary breeding temperature is 14-15 ℃;
step three, artificial induced spawning and fertilization: carrying out artificial spawning induction on female Acipenser sinensis parent fish by injecting medicaments for the first time and carrying out artificial ripening acceleration for the second time 12h after the first time, wherein the medicament injection and the part for the second time are the same as those for the first time; simultaneously injecting the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish, wherein the injection mode, dosage and position are the same as the second injection mode of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish; after the second drug injection is carried out for 24 hours, the sperm of the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish can be collected after the ovulation of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish is checked, and the artificial insemination is carried out;
step four, hatching and seedling cultivation: and (3) after the fertilized eggs in the third step are debonded, putting the fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator for incubation in flowing water, wherein the incubation water temperature is 17-18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, and after the sturgeon fries are incubated out, the sturgeon fries are cultured in different jars.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment further explains the first embodiment, wherein in the first step, the reinforced cultivation process of the sturgeon is as follows: culturing in a pond with a flowing water, wherein the temperature of the culture water is 0-25 ℃, the feeding is carried out 2 times every day (the feeding is carried out once at 8 o 'clock earlier and the feeding is carried out once at 6 o' clock later), and the feeding rate is 1.5-2%.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is further explained with respect to the first embodiment, and in the second step, the artificial insemination specifically comprises the following steps: putting the collected male Acipenser sinensis parent fish sperm into a refrigerator for preservation at-4 ℃, then extruding the ovum of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish, putting the mature ovum into a waterless vessel, immediately adding the sperm, slightly stirring to ensure that the ovum fully contacts the sperm for fertilization, standing for 5min, rinsing for several times by using clear water, and washing off bloody water and dirt.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is further described with respect to the first embodiment, wherein in the second step, the dosage of the first injection is LRHA21-2 ug/kg; in step three, the dose of the second injection is LRHA23-4ug/kg, DOM 2-4mg/kg, and the two are mixed together for injection.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is further described with respect to the first embodiment, in the fourth step, the method for cultivating the hatched fries in separate pots comprises: the method for domesticating the tubificidae and the compound feed is adopted, and the cultivation process is carried out as follows: and if the body length of the sturgeon fry is L, then:
when L is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 2.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry for feeding;
when L is more than 2.2cm and less than or equal to 2.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak dry pellet feed (the artificial mixed feed for the uniform sturgeon in Zhongshan) for feeding, and the mass ratio of the tubificidae live bait slurry to the dry pellet feed is 3: 1;
when L is more than 2.7cm and less than or equal to 3.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 2: 2;
when L is more than 3.2cm and less than or equal to 3.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 1: 3;
when L is more than 3.7cm and less than or equal to 4.2cm, feeding the dry granulated feed;
the feeding mode is the same in each stage, namely feeding every 3h for 30 min.
Example 1: the embodiment discloses an artificial breeding method of Acipenser lapipenser, which comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivating the parent fish of the Acipenser rauense: the bare-belly sturgeon is from wild catching and domesticated temporarily for 2 years; selecting healthy Acipenser sinensis with age of more than 13 for intensive culture, wherein the number ratio of female Acipenser sinensis to male Acipenser sinensis is 1: 3; culturing in running water pond with water temperature of 0-25 deg.C, feeding for 2 times per day with feeding rate of 1.5-2%;
step two, selecting the sturgeon parent fish with bare sturgeon: selecting large, healthy and strong bare sturgeons from the cultivated bare sturgeons every 5 months as bare sturgeon parent fishes, and putting the bare sturgeons into an indoor breeding pond for temporary breeding for 2-3 days at the temporary breeding temperature of 14-15 ℃; the appearance of the sturgeon with male and female bare abdomen has no obvious characteristics in the breeding season, a small ovipositor is used for checking gonad tissues, and the sex and the maturity of the male and female gonads are determined; selecting male bare-belly sturgeons with body length of 130-140cm, body weight of 15-20 kg/tail and body slimness from the bare-belly sturgeons as male bare-belly sturgeons; selecting female bare sturgeons with body length of 150-180cm, body weight of 20-30 kg/tail and expanded and soft abdomen as female bare sturgeon parent fishes;
step three, artificial induced spawning: the female bare-belly sturgeon parent fish adopts a method of injecting medicaments twice for accelerating maturity in advance, the time between two injections is 12 hours, the medicament injected for the first time is used for accelerating maturity and promoting the synchronous development of ovaries of the female bare-belly sturgeon parent fish, so the dosage is not suitable to be too large; the injection dose is LRHA21-2ug/kg, injecting the first injection 21:30 in the first evening; the secondary injection of the medicine mainly has the main effects of promoting the female and male acipenser ruthenus parent fish to ovulate and discharge sperms (the secondary injection aims at the female and male acipenser ruthenus parent fish), and the dosage is properly increased; the injection dose is LRHA23-4ug/kg, DOM 2-4mg/kg, wherein LRHA2The injection site is at the base of pectoral fin, the injection depth is 1cm, the injection direction and the axial ventral surface form 45 degrees, and the water temperature in the breeding pond is 15-16 ℃;
step four, artificial insemination: placing the female bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish and the male bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish which are injected with the medicine for the second time into an induced spawning pond, controlling the water temperature to be between 16 and 17 ℃, checking the female bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish every 1 hour after the effect time, collecting the semen of the male bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish after the ovulation is found, and starting artificial fertilization; during insemination, a dry towel is used for wiping the part near the reproductive mouth of the male bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish, and eggs of the female bare-bellied sturgeon parent fish are arranged in 2-5 white porcelain basins; putting semen of 3 male Acipenser sinensis parent fishes into a white porcelain basin for egg squeezing to mix with eggs, uniformly mixing and stirring with dried chicken feather, and carrying out insemination for 3-4 min; semen is added into each liter of ovum for 5ml, and talc powder is used for debonding for 40 min;
step five: artificial incubation: putting the fertilized eggs in the fourth step into a bottle-type incubator, incubating with flowing water at the incubation temperature of 17-18 ℃, wherein the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, checking the fertilization rate at 7:50 in the third morning, wherein the fertilization rate reaches 71%, and incubating the sturgeon larvae with naked abdomen to form membranes in the fifth day;
step six, fry breeding: the bare-belly sturgeon fry is like tadpoles, is supplied with nutrition by virtue of the yolk thereof, is fed after six days in the following way, and is given a body length L:
when L is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 2.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to be fed, and the live bait slurry is fed once every 3 hours for 30min each time;
when L is more than 2.2cm and less than or equal to 2.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 3: 1;
when L is more than 2.7cm and less than or equal to 3.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 2: 2;
when L is more than 3.2cm and less than or equal to 3.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 1: 3;
when L is more than 3.7cm and less than or equal to 4.2cm, feeding the dry granulated feed;
the feeding mode of each stage is the same, namely feeding once every 3h for 30min each time.
The main principle of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of domesticating wild bare sturgeons artificially, adopting oxytocic hormone to induce spawning artificially when the gonads of the wild bare sturgeons are mature, keeping the gonads of female and male bare sturgeons in synchronous development, simultaneously obtaining mature sperms and ova, providing proper conditions, and finishing normal insemination and hatching. Providing proper environment and bait for the embryo and the young sturgeon according to the development degree of the embryo and the young sturgeon, thereby obtaining high-quality and healthy sturgeon fries.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An artificial breeding method of Acipenser nudus is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivating the parent fish of the Acipenser rauense: selecting healthy Acipenser sinensis with age of more than 13 for intensive culture, wherein the number ratio of female Acipenser sinensis to male Acipenser sinensis is 1: 3;
step two, selecting and accelerating maturity of the parent fish of the Acipenser nudus: selecting healthy and strong individuals from the cultivated Acipenser nudus every 5 months, putting the individuals into an indoor breeding pond as Acipenser nudus parent fish, and after the Acipenser nudus parent fish is put into the breeding pond for temporary breeding for 2-3 days, carrying out first drug injection artificial maturity promotion on female Acipenser nudus parent fish, wherein the temporary breeding temperature is 14-15 ℃;
the first injection of the drug is LRHA 2, and the injection dosage of the LRHA 2 is 1-2 ug/kg;
step three, artificial induced spawning and fertilization: carrying out artificial spawning induction on female Acipenser sinensis parent fish by injecting medicaments for the first time and carrying out artificial ripening acceleration for the second time 12h after the first time, wherein the medicament injection and the part for the second time are the same as those for the first time; simultaneously injecting the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish, wherein the injection mode, dosage and position are the same as the second injection mode of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish; after the second drug injection is carried out for 24 hours, the sperm of the male Acipenser sinensis parent fish can be collected after the ovulation of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish is checked, and the artificial insemination is carried out;
the second injection comprises LRHA 2 and DOM, the injection dosage of LRHA 2 is 3-4ug/kg, the injection dosage of DOM is 2-4mg/kg, and the two are mixed together for injection;
the artificial insemination comprises the following specific steps: putting the collected male Acipenser sinensis parent fish sperm into a refrigerator for preservation at-4 ℃, then extruding the ovum of the female Acipenser sinensis parent fish, putting the mature ovum into a waterless vessel, immediately adding the sperm, slightly stirring to ensure that the ovum fully contacts the sperm for fertilization, standing for 5min, rinsing for several times by using clear water, and washing off blood and dirt;
step four, hatching and seedling cultivation: and (3) after the fertilized eggs in the third step are debonded, putting the fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator for incubation in flowing water, wherein the incubation water temperature is 17-18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, and after the sturgeon fries are incubated out, the sturgeon fries are cultured in different jars.
2. The artificial breeding method of Acipenser nudus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the reinforced cultivation process of the Acipenser dabryanus is as follows: culturing in a pond with water temperature of 0-25 deg.C, and feeding for 2 times per day with feeding rate of 1.5-2%.
3. The artificial breeding method of Acipenser nudus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the method for cultivating the hatched fries in different jars comprises the following steps: the method for domesticating the tubificidae and the compound feed is adopted, and the cultivation process is carried out as follows: and if the body length of the sturgeon fry is L, then:
when L is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 2.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry for feeding;
when L is more than 2.2cm and less than or equal to 2.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 3: 1;
when L is more than 2.7cm and less than or equal to 3.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 2: 2;
when L is more than 3.2cm and less than or equal to 3.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 1: 3;
when L is more than 3.7cm and less than or equal to 4.2cm, feeding the dry granulated feed;
the feeding mode is the same in each stage, namely feeding every 3h for 30 min.
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| US9103812B2 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2015-08-11 | Xpertsea Solutions Inc. | Photo-coupled data acquisition system and method |
| EP2934104B1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-04-05 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Illumination system and method for enhancing growth of aquatic animals |
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| CN102165929A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2011-08-31 | 广州市先步农业发展有限公司 | Artificial propagation method for sturgeon |
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| CN105831500A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-10 | 固镇县益民养殖专业合作社 | Special feed for acipenser sinensis |
| RO132898A2 (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-11-29 | Institutul Naţional De Cercetare-Dezvoltare Pentru Maşini Şi Instalaţii Destinate Agriculturii Şi Industriei Alimentare | Incubation installation for reproduction of sturgeons bred in recycled water systems, even in the off season |
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