CN114208732A - Artificial breeding method of black crucian carps - Google Patents

Artificial breeding method of black crucian carps Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114208732A
CN114208732A CN202111607034.3A CN202111607034A CN114208732A CN 114208732 A CN114208732 A CN 114208732A CN 202111607034 A CN202111607034 A CN 202111607034A CN 114208732 A CN114208732 A CN 114208732A
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China
Prior art keywords
black
crucian carp
black crucian
carp
feeding
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CN202111607034.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马波
金洪宇
李雷
张泽鹏
廉杰
韩豪祥
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Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Priority to CN202111607034.3A priority Critical patent/CN114208732A/en
Publication of CN114208732A publication Critical patent/CN114208732A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/17Hatching, e.g. incubators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of black crucian carp, which comprises the following steps: s1: black crucian carp parent fish cultivation: selecting healthy black crucian carp for intensive cultivation; s2: selecting and accelerating maturity of black crucian carp: putting the black crucian carp parent fish into a breeding pond for temporary breeding, and carrying out medicine injection on the female black crucian carp parent fish for promoting maturity; s3: induction of labor and fertilization: carrying out artificial spawning induction by injecting the second medicament 12 hours after artificial ripening by injecting the first medicament, and carrying out artificial insemination 24 hours after injecting the second medicament; s4: hatching and cultivating: and (4) after the fertilized eggs in the third step are debonded, putting the fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator and incubating the fertilized eggs in the bottle-type incubator with flowing water. Has the advantages that: the method comprises the steps of domesticating wild black crucians artificially, adopting oxytocic hormone to induce spawning artificially when gonads of the wild black crucians are mature, keeping the gonads of female and male black crucians in synchronous development, obtaining mature sperms and ova at the same time, providing proper conditions, completing normal insemination and incubation, and providing proper environment and bait for the embryos and young crucians according to the development degree of the embryos and the young crucians, so that high-quality and healthy black crucian fingerlings are obtained.

Description

Artificial breeding method of black crucian carps
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial breeding method of black crucian carp.
Background
Black crucian (Carassius) is fish of Cyprinus of Cyprinaceae. Black crucian carps are naturally distributed in central europe, eastern europe and the like, and are only distributed in the river basin of forehead zisi in China. The black crucian has very strong hypoxia resistance and extremely cold resistance, and can be used as an excellent stock for carrying out hybridization breeding research to culture a new cold-resistant strain. Meanwhile, the black crucian carp grows fast, is an economical fish, is golden in body color, has a strong ornamental value, and can be developed and utilized. In recent years, the resource amount of black crucian carp is sharply reduced due to transitional fishing, environmental pollution, habitat destruction and the like. At present, black crucian carps are difficult to catch in the river basin of the forehead zisi, and are formally listed in the name list of important aquatic wild animals in the autonomous region of Xinjiang.
Therefore, artificial breeding is an effective measure for realizing the resource recovery of black crucian, and documents about breeding and propagation of the black crucian are not reported yet. The current artificial breeding mode of crucian is not suitable for the artificial breeding of black crucian in the aspects of fertilized egg incubation temperature, oxytocic dosage, offspring seed cultivation temperature and the like, so that the induced spawning rate is low, the emergence rate is low, the survival rate is low, and the large-scale production of black crucian offspring seeds cannot be formed. In view of the above, we propose an artificial breeding method of black crucian carp to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides the artificial black crucian breeding method which is reasonable in structure, strong in practicability and good in using effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: an artificial breeding method of black crucian carp, comprising the following steps:
s1: black crucian carp parent fish cultivation: the black crucian carp is from wild carp, is domesticated by temporary rearing for 2 years, and is selected to be cultivated intensively, wherein the number ratio of female black crucian carp to male black crucian carp is 1: 3;
s2: selecting and accelerating maturity of black crucian carp: selecting healthy and rich individuals from the cultivated black crucian carps every 6 months as black crucian parent fishes, putting the black crucian parent fishes into an indoor breeding pool, temporarily breeding the black crucian parent fishes in the breeding pool for 2-4 days, and manually promoting the maturity of the female black crucian carps by injecting medicines for the first time, wherein the temporary breeding temperature is 18-19 ℃;
s3: artificial induction of labor and fertilization: carrying out secondary drug injection artificial spawning induction 12 hours after the female black crucian carp parent fish is artificially matured through the primary drug injection, wherein the secondary drug injection and the part are the same as those of the primary drug injection; simultaneously injecting the male black crucian carp, wherein the injection mode, dosage and position are the same as the second injection mode of the female black crucian carp; after the second drug injection is carried out for 24 hours, the sperm of the male black crucian carp can be collected for artificial insemination after the ovulation of the female black crucian carp is checked;
s4: hatching and seedling cultivation: after the fertilized eggs in the third step are debonded, putting the fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator for incubation in flowing water, wherein the incubation water temperature is 20-21 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, and after the black crucian carp is incubated out, the black crucian carp is cultured in a jar;
the first injection of the S3 is LRHA2 dosage of 1-2 ug/kg; the second injection is composed of LRHA2 and DOM, the dosage of LRHA2 is 3-4ug/kg, the dosage of DOM is 2-4mg/kg, and the two are mixed together for injection.
Further, the intensive culture process of the black crucian carp comprises the following steps: culturing in a pond with water temperature of 4-25 deg.C, and feeding for 2 times per day with feeding rate of 1.5-2.0%.
Further, in S3, the artificial insemination method comprises the following specific steps: putting the collected sperm of the male black crucian carp parent fish into a refrigerator for preservation at-4 ℃, then extruding the ovum of the female black crucian carp parent fish, putting the mature ovum into a waterless vessel, immediately adding the sperm, adding a proper amount of clear water, gently stirring by using feathers to ensure that the ovum is fully contacted with the sperm for fertilization, standing for 5min, rinsing for a plurality of times by using clear water to wash away bloody water and dirt, and not contacting with water before the mature ovum is fertilized.
Furthermore, the method for cultivating the hatched fries in different cylinders is a domestication method combining tubificidae and compound feed, and the cultivation process is carried out as follows: and if the body length of the black crucian carp is L, then:
when L is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 2.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry for feeding;
when L is more than 2.2cm and less than or equal to 2.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 3: 1;
when L is more than 2.7cm and less than or equal to 3.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 2: 2;
when L is more than 3.2cm and less than or equal to 3.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 1: 3;
when L is more than 3.7cm and less than or equal to 4.2cm, feeding the dry granulated feed; the feeding mode is the same in each stage, namely feeding every 3h for 30 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method can obtain black crucian fry with good development, is simple and convenient to operate, has high utilization rate of parent crucian, can realize large-scale production of the black crucian fry, and has important significance for the protection and utilization of black crucian.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the present invention.
An artificial breeding method of black crucian carp, comprising the following steps:
s1: black crucian carp parent fish cultivation: the black crucian carp is from wild carp, is domesticated by temporary rearing for 2 years, and is selected to be cultivated intensively, wherein the number ratio of female black crucian carp to male black crucian carp is 1: 3; culturing in running water pond with water temperature of 4-25 deg.C, and feeding for 2 times per day in ingestion period with feeding rate of 1.5-2%;
s2: selecting and accelerating maturity of black crucian carp: selecting healthy and rich individuals from the cultivated black crucian carps every 6 months as black crucian parent fishes, putting the black crucian parent fishes into an indoor breeding pool, temporarily culturing the black crucian parent fishes in the breeding pool for 2-4 days, and manually promoting the maturity of the female black crucian carps by injecting medicines for the first time, wherein the temporary culturing temperature is 18-22 ℃; in the breeding season, the appearance of the black crucian has no obvious characteristics, the gonadal tissue is checked by using a small ova excavator, and the sex and the maturity of the gonadal sex and the sex are determined; selecting male black crucian carps with the body length of 14-18cm, the body weight of 90-160 g/tail and the body thinness as male black crucian carps; selecting female black crucian carp with the body length of 16-20cm, the weight of 170-260 g/tail and the expanded and soft abdomen as female black crucian carp parent fish;
s3: artificial induction of labor and fertilization: the female black crucian carp adopts a method of injecting medicaments twice for accelerating maturity in advance, the time between two injections is 12 hours, the female black crucian carp is manually accelerated to mature for 12 hours after the first medicament injection, the second medicament injection is manually accelerated to spawn, the first medicament injection has the effect of accelerating maturity and promotes the synchronous development of ovaries of the female black crucian carp, so that the medicament dose is not too large, the injection dose is 1-2ug/kg of LRHA2, and the first needle is injected 21:30 in the first night; the second injection of the medicine and the part are the same as those of the first injection; the secondary injection of the medicine has the main effects of promoting ovulation and sperm elimination of female black crucian carp and male black crucian carp (the secondary injection is for the female black crucian carp and the male black crucian carp), wherein the dosage is properly increased, the injection dosage is 3-4ug/kg LRHA2 and 2-4mg/kg DOM, the two are mixed and injected, LRHA2 is luteinizing releasing hormone A2, the injection part is at the base of pectoral fin, the injection needle depth is 1cm, and the injection direction and the body axial ventral surface form an angle of 45 degrees; simultaneously injecting the male black crucian carp, wherein the injection mode, dosage and position are the same as the second injection mode of the female black crucian carp; after 24 hours of second drug injection, checking the ovulation of the female black crucian carp, collecting the sperm of the male black crucian carp, carrying out artificial insemination, putting the female black crucian carp and the male black crucian carp after the second drug injection into an induced spawning pond, controlling the water temperature to be between 18 and 19 ℃, checking the female black crucian carp every 1 hour after the effect time, collecting the sperm of the male black crucian carp after finding the ovulation, and starting the artificial insemination; during insemination, wiping the male black crucian close to the genital orifice with a dry towel, and discharging the eggs of the female black crucian into 2-5 white porcelain basins; putting the semen of 3 male black crucian carp parent fishes into a white porcelain basin for egg extrusion to mix with eggs, uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture with dry chicken feather, and carrying out insemination for 3-4 min; putting 5ml of semen into each liter of eggs, debonding by talcum powder for 40min, putting the fertilized eggs after debonding into a bottle-type incubator with flowing water for incubation, wherein the incubation water temperature is 19-22 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, and culturing the black crucian carps in different jars after incubation;
s4: hatching and seedling cultivation: putting fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator, incubating with flowing water, wherein the incubation temperature is 20-21 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, checking the fertilization rate of the fertilized eggs at 7:50 in the third morning, the fertilization rate reaches 71%, and incubating the black crucian carps to form membranes and culturing the offspring seeds in the fifth day: the black crucian carp fry is similar to tadpoles in shape, nutrition is supplied by the yolk of the black crucian carp fry, the black crucian carp fry is fed after six days in the following mode, and the body length of the black crucian carp fry is L:
when L is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 2.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to be fed, and the live bait slurry is fed once every 3 hours for 30min each time;
when L is more than 2.2cm and less than or equal to 2.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 3: 1;
when L is more than 2.7cm and less than or equal to 3.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 2: 2;
when L is more than 3.2cm and less than or equal to 3.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 1: 3; when L is more than 3.7cm and less than or equal to 4.2cm, feeding the dry granulated feed; the feeding mode of each stage is the same, namely feeding once every 3h for 30min each time.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, and the description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown in the detailed description are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and the actual configuration is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. An artificial breeding method of black crucian carp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: black crucian carp parent fish cultivation: the black crucian carp is from wild carp, is domesticated by temporary rearing for 2 years, and is selected to be cultivated intensively, wherein the number ratio of female black crucian carp to male black crucian carp is 1: 3;
s2: selecting and accelerating maturity of black crucian carp: selecting healthy and rich individuals from the cultivated black crucian carps every 6 months as black crucian parent fishes, putting the black crucian parent fishes into an indoor breeding pool, temporarily breeding the black crucian parent fishes in the breeding pool for 2-4 days, and manually promoting the maturity of the female black crucian carps by injecting medicines for the first time, wherein the temporary breeding temperature is 18-19 ℃;
s3: artificial induction of labor and fertilization: carrying out secondary drug injection artificial spawning induction 12 hours after the female black crucian carp parent fish is artificially matured through the primary drug injection, wherein the secondary drug injection and the part are the same as those of the primary drug injection; simultaneously injecting the male black crucian carp, wherein the injection mode, dosage and position are the same as the second injection mode of the female black crucian carp; after the second drug injection is carried out for 24 hours, the sperm of the male black crucian carp can be collected for artificial insemination after the ovulation of the female black crucian carp is checked;
s4: hatching and seedling cultivation: after the fertilized eggs in the third step are debonded, putting the fertilized eggs into a bottle-type incubator for incubation in flowing water, wherein the incubation water temperature is 20-21 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 6mg/L, and after the black crucian carp is incubated out, the black crucian carp is cultured in a jar;
the first injection of the S3 is LRHA2 dosage of 1-2 ug/kg; the second injection is composed of LRHA2 and DOM, the dosage of LRHA2 is 3-4ug/kg, the dosage of DOM is 2-4mg/kg, and the two are mixed together for injection.
2. The artificial breeding method of black crucian carp according to claim 1, wherein the intensive culture process of black crucian carp is as follows: culturing in a pond with water temperature of 4-25 deg.C, and feeding for 2 times per day with feeding rate of 1.5-2.0%.
3. The artificial breeding method of black crucian carp as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the artificial insemination steps are as follows: putting the collected sperm of the male black crucian carp parent fish into a refrigerator for preservation at-4 ℃, then extruding the ovum of the female black crucian carp parent fish, putting the mature ovum into a waterless vessel, immediately adding the sperm, adding a proper amount of clear water, gently stirring by using feathers to ensure that the ovum is fully contacted with the sperm for fertilization, standing for 5min, rinsing for a plurality of times by using clear water to wash away bloody water and dirt, and not contacting with water before the mature ovum is fertilized.
4. The artificial breeding method of black crucian carp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method of young crucian carp in different cylinders after hatching is a domestication method combining tubificidae and compound feed, and the cultivation process is performed as follows: and if the body length of the black crucian carp is L, then:
when L is more than or equal to 1.5cm and less than or equal to 2.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry for feeding;
when L is more than 2.2cm and less than or equal to 2.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 3: 1;
when L is more than 2.7cm and less than or equal to 3.2cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 2: 2;
when L is more than 3.2cm and less than or equal to 3.7cm, the tubificidae is beaten into live bait slurry to soak the dry granulated feed for feeding, and the mass ratio of the live bait slurry to the dry granulated feed of the tubificidae is 1: 3;
when L is more than 3.7cm and less than or equal to 4.2cm, feeding the dry granulated feed; the feeding mode is the same in each stage, namely feeding every 3h for 30 min.
CN202111607034.3A 2021-12-27 2021-12-27 Artificial breeding method of black crucian carps Pending CN114208732A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101999331A (en) * 2010-11-26 2011-04-06 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 Breeding method of snakehead by artificial insemination
CN104663547A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-03 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 Percocypris scaled artificial propagation method
CN107439424A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-12-08 天津市换新水产良种场 A kind of production of hybrid seeds of Jin Xinwu crucian carps and cultural method
CN110178766A (en) * 2019-07-10 2019-08-30 新疆伊河鲟业科技股份有限公司 A kind of artificial breeding method of naked abdomen sturgeon

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101999331A (en) * 2010-11-26 2011-04-06 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 Breeding method of snakehead by artificial insemination
CN104663547A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-03 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 Percocypris scaled artificial propagation method
CN107439424A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-12-08 天津市换新水产良种场 A kind of production of hybrid seeds of Jin Xinwu crucian carps and cultural method
CN110178766A (en) * 2019-07-10 2019-08-30 新疆伊河鲟业科技股份有限公司 A kind of artificial breeding method of naked abdomen sturgeon

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