CN110156971A - 一种两亲性嵌段共聚物及其制备方法和纳米胶束载药系统 - Google Patents
一种两亲性嵌段共聚物及其制备方法和纳米胶束载药系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种如式I所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物及其制备方法,以及该共聚物与难溶性药物形成的纳米胶束载药系统。该两亲性嵌段共聚物包括亲水性链段、疏水性链段以及用于连接亲水性链段和疏水性链段的连接子(linker)。连接子含有不饱和结构,可以增强难溶性药物与共聚物的相互作用,提高胶束的载药能力和稳定性。本发明还涉及了一种纳米载药胶束系统及其制备方法,以及该纳米载药胶束系统用于制备治疗肿瘤、炎症、糖尿病、中枢神经疾病、心血管疾病、精神疾病药物方面的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型的聚醚-连接子-聚酯两亲性嵌段共聚物及其制备方法,以及该共聚物与难溶性药物形成稳定的胶束载药系统,属于纳米药物制剂技术领域。
背景技术
难溶性药物的输送向来都是药物制剂工艺中的难题,只有溶解后的药物才能被胃肠道上皮细胞粘膜吸收。据统计,当前市场上销售的药物有40%以上属于难溶性药物。随着组合化学和高通量筛选在新药研发上的广泛应用,难溶性药物所占的比重将会越来越大。溶解性越差的药物,口服生物利用度越低,从而不适合开发为口服制剂。为了更好的输送这种类型的药物,常规的方法是将其开发为注射剂,并通过调节pH、成盐、采用增溶剂或者制成油溶性注射剂的方法,来提高药物的溶解度。但是在实际情况中,这些途径往往在解决了药物溶解度的同时,引入了其他的弊端。
以紫杉类药物为例,紫杉醇、多西他赛、卡巴他赛、莱龙泰素等,是一种广泛使用的抗肿瘤药物,它们能够诱导和促进微管蛋白聚合,防止解聚,稳定微管。这些作用导致细胞在进行有丝分裂时不能形成纺锤体和纺锤丝,抑制了细胞分裂和增殖,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。但是紫杉类药物的疏水性非常强,只能通过注射途径给药,并采用无水乙醇作为溶剂。注射制剂工艺中通常采用大量的聚氧乙烯蓖麻油或者吐温80等作为增溶剂来促进药物的溶解。这些增溶剂会引起过敏反应和血液毒性,一方面用药前患者需要进行脱敏治疗,另一方面也限制了治疗剂量,无法发挥紫杉类药物的最佳治疗效果。另外,这种注射液进入血液经稀释后,紫杉类药物溶解度将下降从而析出,导致用药量的不准确,从而需精确控制注射过程,否则将产生不稳定的治疗效果。因此急需开发一种安全稳定的新型给药系统。
两亲性嵌段的聚合物在水溶液中将通过自组装形成具有球形内核-外壳结构的共聚物胶束,其疏水部分形成内核,亲水部分形成外壳。内核可以作为疏水性药物的容器,将药物增溶在核心,提高载药量,降低毒副作用。外壳可以对药物起保护作用,提高药物的稳定性。当胶束进入血液稀释后,球形内核-外壳结构缓慢解离,药物得到释放,从而实现缓释的作用。胶束的粒径远远大于小分子药物本身,通常在10~200nm之间,可以减缓药物被肾排泄及网状内皮系统的吸收,延长体内的循环时间,提高生物利用度。对于抗肿瘤药物,还可以通过高通透性和滞留效应(EPR效应)实现对肿瘤细胞的被动靶向作用,促进在肿瘤组织中的选择性分布,增加药效并减少系统副作用。
PEG-PLA(聚乙二醇聚乳酸共聚物)是被研究得最广泛和深入的两亲性嵌段共聚物。PEG(聚乙二醇)具有良好的生物相容性,且易于从身体清除,是得到FDA认可的非离子型水溶性聚合物,对人体具有很低的毒性,并被广泛用于药用辅料。PLA(聚乳酸/聚丙交酯)是研究最早的聚酯类生物可降解材料之一,它在体内降解形成的最终产物是二氧化碳和水,中间代谢产物乳酸也是正常的体内代谢产物,不会在体内积蓄或产生毒副作用。因此PEG-PLA是一种非常安全的生物医学材料。
韩国三养生物制药在临床上最早采用PEG-PLA进行药物输送,并以注射用紫杉醇胶束(商品名Genexol PM)上市。在进行紫杉醇负载时,药物与聚合物的比例最高为20∶100,且胶束经溶解后在室温下的稳定时间不超过24小时,存在载药量低和稳定性差的缺点(Pharmaceutical Research 2007,24,1508-1516)。当药物与聚合物的相互作用较差时,即使可以形成胶束,这种胶束进入血液以后,也会迅速解离,造成药物泄露,从而达不到有效的药物负载和被动靶向输送的目的。专利CN103772686B中报道对PEG-PLA的末端进行叔丁氧羰基保护的苯丙氨酸修饰,可以适当提高胶束的稳定性,但药物/共聚物的比例最高也仅为20∶100。专利CN105287377A中,则用芴甲氧羧基和叔丁氧羰基双保护的赖氨酸对PLA末端进行修饰,也有稳定胶束的效果,其中药物/共聚物的比例最高仅为20∶90。这些修饰虽然采用了天然的氨基酸,但是保护基的存在导致了共聚物进入血液中时,可能会产生对人体有害的代谢副产物。
另一方面,在共聚物的合成过程中,上述报道的引发丙交酯聚合的催化剂都采用辛酸亚锡,反应温度在130度左右。锡试剂毒性大,微量的残留将对聚合物的安全性产生很大的影响。研究也表明,聚合物中锡含量超标将会显著影响胶束系统的动力学稳定性。另外,在高温下聚合时,容易发生聚乳酸的链回咬(back-biting,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2016,138,8674-8677),从而导致共聚物的分子量分布变宽,造成药物释放的不可控。在实际生产中,往往需要非常繁琐的纯化手段,才能够获得适合于药物输送的合格的共聚物。如专利CN106349466A中需要采用滤膜超滤的手段进行分子量截留,以得到分子量分布窄的共聚物。专利CN103768013A采用阳离子交换树脂处理,来降低混合物中因催化剂引入的锡含量。专利CN103980466B采用活泼金属钠和有机萘为催化剂,虽然避开了辛酸亚锡,但是活泼金属对空气和水分非常敏感,对操作技能要求很高。最后,在对共聚物进行沉淀纯化过程中使用了大量的具有易爆性和麻醉性的乙醚,也会在放大生产过程中产生巨大的危害。
综上所述,现有的基于PEG-PLA的载药胶束存在载药量低(药物/共聚物比例最高仅为20∶90),共聚物合成反应条件苛刻、纯化手段繁琐等缺点。为了实现安全有效稳定的胶束药物输送,急需对共聚物的结构进行更为系统的修饰,在保证安全性的同时,更大程度地提高载药量和胶束稳定性,同时也需要开发一种工艺稳定、质量可控、环境友好的共聚物合成方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有载药胶束载药量低、稳定性差、共聚物合成条件苛刻、纯化方式繁琐等缺点,提供一种新型的聚醚-连接子-聚酯两亲性嵌段共聚物及其绿色合成工艺,并以该共聚物与难溶性药物自组装形成稳定的药物输送系统。
本发明通过采用含有芳香环的连接子(linker)对双亲性共聚物进行修饰,含有芳香环的连接子(linker)与难溶性药物特别是含有芳香环的药物之间存在强共轭作用(π-π堆积),使得药物分子牢固地锁定在胶束的疏水性核中,不但提高了载药胶束的稳定性,而且极大地提高了共聚物对药物的载药量。
进一步,本发明通过对具有生物安全性的聚乙二醇或单保护聚乙二醇进行含有芳香环的小分子片段修饰,引入连接子(linker),并以DBU、TBD或MTBD等为催化剂促进丙交酯的聚合,形成具有R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2结构的两亲性共聚物,其中R1、R2独立地为羟基保护基或氢。当连接子(linker)部分为天然氨基酸片段时,该两亲性共聚物在体内产生的代谢产物均对人体无害,具有显著的生物安全性。进一步以DBU引发丙交酯聚合时,反应条件温和,易于得到分子量分布范围窄的共聚物;DBU催化剂本身危害小,并且可以通过简单的酸洗除去,不存在重金属锡残留的安全隐患;用甲基叔丁基醚代替乙醚对共聚物进行沉淀,也提高了工艺放大生产过程中的安全性。本发明提供的两亲性共聚物的新合成工艺条件温和、质量可控、适于工业化放大生产。
通过实验证明,本发明提供的纳米载药胶束系统冻干制剂中药物/两亲性共聚物的质量比例最高可达70∶100,经生理盐水复溶后,在室温下形成略带蓝色乳光的澄清溶液,室温下存放的稳定性最高可达72h;另一方面还可以显著地提高含芳香基取代的难溶性药物的溶解度,并通过对肿瘤的高通透性和滞留效应(EPR效应),极大地提高对肿瘤的治疗效果,降低药物的毒副作用。
本发明第一方面,提供一种两亲性嵌段共聚物,包含亲水性链段、疏水性链段以及用于连接亲水性链段和疏水性链段的linker,所述的linker为连接子,其结构为含有芳香环、碳碳双键、碳碳三键、共轭双键或共轭三键中的一种或多种取代的小分子片段。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的亲水性链段为数均分子量在400~20000之间的聚乙二醇或单保护的聚乙二醇,
在推荐的实施例中,所述疏水性链段选自数均分子量在400~20000之间的聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、聚乙丙交酯、聚己内酯、聚碳酸酯、或者聚二氧环己酮中的一种。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物具有如下结构:R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2,
其中R1、R2独立地选自羟基保护基或氢;
PEG为数均分子量在400~20000的聚乙二醇嵌段,linker为连接子,PLA为数均分子量在400~20000的聚丙交酯嵌段,聚乙二醇嵌段和聚丙交酯嵌段的数均分子量比例为1∶0.5~2。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的连接子linker结构中的芳香环、碳碳双键、碳碳三键、共轭双键或共轭三键可以位于共聚物直链中,也可以位于共聚物侧链上。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的连接子linker的结构为直链或者侧链上含有芳香环取代的C1-C30小分子片段。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的直链或者侧链上含有芳香环取代的C1-C30小分子片段中包含或者不包含杂原子取代,杂原子选自氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、磷原子中的一个或多个。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的直链或者侧链上含有芳香环取代的C1-C30小分子片段含有芳香环的氨基酸、氨基醇或多肽,其中芳香环也可以来自于氨基酸、氨基醇或多肽上羟基、巯基、胺基或者羧基的保护基。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的氨基酸、氨基醇可以是R构型、S构型或外消旋化合物。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的含有芳香环的氨基酸选自苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸中的一个或多个。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸可以是R构型、S构型或外消旋化合物。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的含有芳香环的多肽中的一个或多个片段来自于苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸中的一个或多个。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的含有芳香环的氨基醇选自苯丙氨醇、组氨醇、酪氨醇、色氨醇、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨醇中的一个或多个;苯丙氨醇、组氨醇、酪氨醇、色氨醇、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨醇分别由苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸还原得到。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的苯丙氨醇、组氨醇、酪氨醇、色氨醇、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨醇可以是R构型、S构型或外消旋化合物
在推荐的实施例中,所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物具有如下结构:
其中,linker为连接子,其结构为含有芳香环、碳碳双键、碳碳三键、共轭双键或共轭三键中的一种或多种取代的小分子片段;
R1、R2独立地选自羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
在推荐的实施例中,所述linker的结构中含有芳香环,其中芳香环含有一个或多个取代基或不含取代基。
在推荐的实施例中,所述两亲性共聚物具有如下结构:
其中,R1、R2的定义如上所述;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
进一步优选为如下结构:
在推荐的实施例中,所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物式I还可选自下组:
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法。
本发明提供的技术方案如下:
上述两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)对数均分子量为400~20000的聚乙二醇或单保护聚乙二醇进行含有芳香基取代的小分子片段修饰,得到R1-PEG-linker;
2)将R1-PEG-linker与DL-丙交酯或L-丙交酯或D-丙交酯溶于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂进行聚合,得到R1-PEG-linker-PLA;
3)可选地,对R1-PEG-linker-PLA进行PLA末端羟基保护,得到R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2。
其中所得的PLA为数均分子量在400~20000的聚丙交酯;
R1、R2独立地为羟基保护基或氢;
在推荐的实施例中,步骤2)后增加一个步骤:将所得的R1-PEG-linker-PLA进行纯化。
在推荐的实施例中,步骤3)后增加一个步骤:将所得的R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2进行纯化。
在推荐的实施例中,步骤2)后增加一个步骤:将所得的R1-PEG-linker-PLA进行纯化,并且,步骤3)后增加一个步骤:将所得的R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2进行纯化。
在推荐的实施例中,本发明提供了一种如式I所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,
其中,linker的结构为含有芳香环、碳碳双键、碳碳三键、共轭双键或共轭三键中的一种或多种取代的小分子片段。
R1、R2独立地为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
具体地来说,包括以下步骤:
1)式III所示的聚合物经过小分子片段修饰制得如式II所示的聚合物;
2)式II所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得如式IA所示的共聚物;
3)可选地,式IA所示的共聚物经过羟基保护制得如式I所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物。
在推荐的实施例中,提供了如式IB或IC所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
R3为羟基保护基;
R4为胺基保护基;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
氨基酸化合物VIIA的构型可以是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
具体地来说,包括以下步骤:
1)式VIA所示的聚合物与式VIIA所示的化合物经过缩合反应制得如式VA所示的聚合物;
2)式VA所示的聚合物经过脱保护反应制得如式IVA所示的聚合物;
3)式IVA所示的聚合物经过缩合反应制得如式IIIA所示的聚合物;
4)式IIIA所示的聚合物经过脱保护反应制得如式IIA所示的聚合物;
5)式IIA所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得如式IB所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物;
6)可选地,对两亲性嵌段共聚物IB进行纯化。
在另一推荐的实施例中,提供了如式ID所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
氨基醇化合物IVD的构型可以是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
具体地来说,包括以下步骤:
1)式VIA所示的聚合物与式IVD所示的化合物发生开环缩合反应制得如式IIID所示的聚合物;
2)式IIID所示的聚合物与式IVD所示的化合物发生缩合反应制得如式IID所示的聚合物;
3)式IID所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得如式ID所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物;
在推荐的实施例中,在步骤3)后增加一个步骤:将如式ID所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物进行纯化。
本发明还提供了一种如式II所示的聚合物,
其中,linker如式I中定义;
R1为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440。
本发明还提供了一种如式II所示的聚合物的制备方法,式II化合物由式III化合物经过小分子修饰制得,
其中,linker如式I中定义;
R1为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440。
本发明还提供了一种如式IC所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IC所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,式IC两亲性嵌段共聚物由式IB两亲性嵌段共聚物经过乙酰基保护制得,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IB所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物,式IB两亲性嵌段共聚物由式IIA聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IIA所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IIA所示的聚合物的制备方法,式IIA聚合物由式IIIA聚合物发生保护基水解反应制得,
其中,R3为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IIIA所示的聚合物,
其中,R3为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供一种如式IIIA所示的聚合物的制备方法,式IIIA聚合物由式IVA聚合物发生缩合反应制得,
其中,R3为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IVA所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IVA所示的聚合物的制备方法,式IVA聚合物由式VA聚合物发生胺基保护基水解反应制得,
其中,R4为胺基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式VA所示的聚合物,
其中,R4为胺基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式VA所示的聚合物的制备方法,式VA聚合物由式VIA聚合物与式VIIA化合物经过缩合反应制得,
其中,R4为胺基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
氨基酸化合物VIIA的构型可以是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
本发明还提供了一种如式ID所示的两亲性嵌段聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式ID所示的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,式ID两亲性嵌段共聚物由式IID聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IID所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
本发明还提供了一种如式IID所示的聚合物的制备方法,式IID聚合物由式IIID聚合物与式IVD化合物发生缩合反应制得,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
氨基醇化合物IVD的构型可以是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
本发明还提供了一种如式IIID所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440。
本发明还提供了一种如式IIID所示的聚合物的制备方法,式IIID聚合物由式VIA聚合物与式IVD化合物经过开环缩合反应制得,
其中,n=8~440。
在推荐的实施例中,引发丙交酯聚合的催化剂为1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU),辛酸亚锡,1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯(TBD)或7-甲基-1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯(MTBD)中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种两亲性嵌段共聚物的纯化方法如下:
依照本发明方案所制得的两亲性共聚物粗品溶于有机溶剂,分别用稀盐酸和饱和氯化钠洗涤,浓缩后,加入沉淀剂析出聚合物后过滤,得到纯的固体性状的两亲性嵌段共聚物。
在推荐的实施例中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷。
在推荐的实施例中,所述沉淀剂为甲基叔丁基醚。
在推荐的实施例中,本发明所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物粗品溶于二氯甲烷,分别用稀盐酸和饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后浓缩滤液至剩余少量二氯甲烷,或浓缩干后用少量二氯甲烷溶解,再加入甲基叔丁基醚充分沉淀聚合物后过滤,固体通过真空干燥后,得到纯的固体性状的两亲性嵌段共聚物。
本发明的目的还在于提供上述两亲性嵌段共聚物与难溶性药物形成的纳米胶束载药系统。
本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种纳米胶束载药系统,至少包含一种本发明所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物和至少一种难溶性药物。
本发明提供的另一技术方案如下:
一种纳米胶束载药系统,至少包含一种本发明所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物、难溶性药物和药学上可接受的药用辅料。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的药用辅料为冻干赋形剂。
在推荐的实施例中,其所述的冻干赋形剂为乳糖、甘露糖、蔗糖、海藻糖、果糖、葡萄糖、海藻酸钠或明胶中的至少一种。
在推荐的实施例中,所述的难溶性药物选自紫杉醇、多西他赛、卡巴他赛、7-表紫杉醇、t-乙酰基紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基-7-表紫杉醇、7-木糖基紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基-7-戊二酰紫杉醇、7-N,N-二甲基甘氨酰紫杉醇、7-L-丙氨酰紫杉醇、莱龙泰素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、SN-38、伊立替康、拓扑替康、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、雌莫司汀、米托蒽醌、安吖啶、顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、长春碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨、长春地辛、美登素、三尖杉酯碱、高三尖杉酯碱、丝裂霉素、博莱霉素、柔红霉素、伊达比星、多柔比星、表柔比星、吉西他滨、卡培他滨、氟达拉滨、克拉曲滨、硼替佐米、卡非佐米、艾莎佐米、卡莫司汀、氟尿嘧啶、阿糖胞苷、环孢菌素A、西罗莫司、替西罗莫司、依维莫司、艾日布林、曲贝替定、氟维司群、来曲唑、替莫唑胺、雷洛昔芬、他莫昔芬、来那度胺、伊沙匹隆、甲氨蝶呤、培美曲塞、恩杂鲁胺、阿比特龙、苯达莫司汀、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、吲哚美辛、石杉碱甲、阿昔洛韦、别嘌醇、胺碘酮、硫唑嘌呤、贝那普利、骨化三醇、坎地沙坦、衣普罗沙坦、卡比多巴/左旋多巴、克拉霉素、氯氮平、醋酸去氨加压素、双氯芬酸、依那普利、法莫替丁、非洛地平、非诺贝特、芬太尼、非索非那定、福辛普利、呋塞米、格列本脲、莨菪碱、丙咪嗪、伊曲康唑、左甲状腺素、阿托伐他汀、洛伐他汀、美克洛嗪、甲地孕酮、巯嘌呤、美托拉宗、莫米松、萘丁美酮、奥美拉唑、帕罗西汀、普罗帕酮、喹那普利、辛伐他汀、西罗莫司、他克莫司、替扎尼定、利培酮、奥氮平、齐拉西酮、利斯的明、纳洛酮、环丙甲羟二羟吗啡酮、西罗莫司、他克莫司、卡莫司汀、黄体酮、雌激素、雌二醇、左炔诺孕酮、炔诺酮、伊沙匹隆、艾博霉素、雷帕霉素、普卡霉素、万古霉素、两性霉素B、足叶乙甙、强力霉素、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑、酮康唑、睾酮、孕酮、去炎松、地塞米松、替诺昔康、吡罗昔康、布洛芬、卡泊芬净、米卡芬净、COX-II抑制剂、芳香化酶抑制剂、多肽药物以及它们的组合。
在推荐的实施例中,所述难溶性药物与两亲性嵌段共聚物的重量比为0.5∶100~100∶100,优选1∶100~70∶100。
在推荐的实施例中,所述冻干赋形剂占整个体系的重量比为0~99.9%,优选0~50%。
本发明所述的纳米胶束载药系统可以用于制备治疗肿瘤、炎症、糖尿病、中枢神经疾病、心血管疾病、精神疾病等药物方面的用途。优选用于治疗癌症和中枢神经疾病。
或者,本发明所述的纳米胶束载药系统可以用于治疗肿瘤、炎症、糖尿病、中枢神经疾病、心血管疾病、精神疾病等,优选用于治疗癌症和中枢神经疾病。
本发明中提及的治疗有效量指的是上述纳米胶束载药系统含有的药物的量能有效地治疗疾病(具体地可以指癌症和中枢神经疾病等)。
本发明的纳米胶束载药系统可通过注射途径给药,并一般制成冻干粉制剂,另外,本领域技术人员可参照现有药物的给药剂量确定给药剂量,并根据个体情况的不同上下调整。
本发明还提供了两亲性嵌段共聚物与含芳香环药物形成的纳米胶束载药系统的制备方法,包括透析法、溶剂挥发法、薄膜水化法,优选薄膜水化法。
薄膜水化法的具体步骤为:将一定比例的聚合物和药物溶解于有机溶剂中,经蒸发去除有机溶剂后,加入20℃~80℃注射用水溶解药膜得载药胶束溶液,可选地,加入冻干赋形剂,经过滤除菌冻干后得胶束冻干粉。
如附图21所示为无任何修饰基团下的胶束的核壳结构示意图(壳部舒展部分为PEG,核部分为PLA,圆点为难溶性药物)。当芳香环修饰基团位于PEG和PLA的链末端时(如专利CN103772686B、CN105287377A中所述),共聚物中所有的芳香基官能团都拥挤在核结构的最中心,能够通过相互作用增溶药物的区域非常小(如附图22所示),因而相对于未修饰的PEG-PLA,无法大幅度地提高载药量。本发明所采用的芳香官能团修饰位点位于PEG和PLA之间,在胶束结构上表现为均匀地分布在核壳的结合部,因而能与疏水性药物尤其是含芳香环的药物具有明显更大的相互作用表面积(如附图23所示),最终体现为对载药量的大幅度提升,以及具有良好的胶束稳定性。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下的特点:
1)本发明通过采用含芳香环的小分子片段,尤其是含芳香环的氨基酸、氨基醇或多肽片段对聚乙二醇和聚丙交酯进行连接,所得的两亲性嵌段共聚物与含有难溶性药物尤其是含芳香环的药物在自组装形成胶束的过程中,由于额外引入的芳香环改善了共聚物的疏水性能,也增强了共聚物与药物之间的共轭作用,从而极大地促进了胶束对药物的负载能力,也提高了胶束药物的稳定性。本发明所得的胶束冻干粉中药物/共聚物质量比例最高可达70∶100,用生理盐水复溶后可以稳定高达72h;如附图15所示,未经修饰的PEG-PLA(韩国三养共聚物材料)在载药量为20∶100(药物:共聚物质量比例)时,复溶后6小时出现肉眼可辨浑浊,24小时产生明显颗粒沉淀。而本发明方案所采用的经过芳香环修饰的两亲性嵌段共聚物以20∶100(药物:共聚物质量比例)的载药量负载紫杉醇时,72小时仍明显澄清。如附图16所示,在20∶100、30∶100、40∶100、60∶100的载药量下,本发明方案所采用的两亲性嵌段共聚物与紫杉醇所形成的胶束在72小时依然稳定。
2)本发明采用的含芳香环小分子片段作为连接子(linker),尤其是采用含芳香环的氨基酸片段作为连接子(linker)的两亲性嵌段共聚物在体内产生的代谢产物均为具有很好的生物相容性的物质,是一种安全的生物医学材料;
3)本发明在引发丙交酯聚合过程中采用的催化剂特别是DBU,聚合温度在室温,不需要严格的无水无氧操作,可以得到分子量分布窄的共聚物。催化剂可以简单通过酸洗的方式去除,纯化方式简单,不存在重金属锡残留问题;
4)本发明在进行共聚物沉淀纯化时采用了比乙醚更加安全的沉淀剂,特别是甲基叔丁基醚,适合工业放大生产;
5)试验结果证明:本发明的两亲性嵌段共聚物制备得到的纳米胶束载药系统制成冻干制剂复溶后可迅速分散形成略带蓝色乳光的澄清溶液,该溶液在室温环境下稳定高达72h无明显药物沉淀析出,经注射后在体内具有显著的药物动力学性质和药效学性质,可有效发挥EPR效应,具有良好的产业化应用前景。
本发明所使用的术语,除有相反的表述外,具有如下的含义:
“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的6至14元全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,优选为6至10元,更优选苯基、萘基、吲哚基、咪唑基,最优选苯基。芳基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基。
本发明的羟基、巯基和羧基保护基是本领域已知的适当的用于羟基、巯基和羧基保护的基团,参见文献(“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,5ThEd.T.W.Greene&P.G.M.Wuts)中的羟基保护基团。作为示例,优选地,所述的羟基保护基可以是C1-10烷基或取代烷基,例如:甲基,叔丁基,烯丙基,苄基,甲氧基甲基,乙氧基乙基,2-四氢吡喃基(THP)等;可以是(C1-10烷基或芳香基)酰基,例如:甲酰基,乙酰基,苯甲酰基等;可以是(C1-6烷基或C6-10芳基)磺酰基;也可以是(C1-6烷氧基或C6-10芳基氧基)羰基;也可以是(C1-10烷基或芳基)3硅烷基,例如:三乙基硅基,三异丙基硅基,叔丁基二甲基硅基,叔丁基二苯基硅基等;。
本发明的胺基保护基是本领域已知的适当的用于胺基保护的基团,参见文献(“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,5ThEd.T.W.Greene&P.G.M.Wuts)中的胺基保护基团。作为示例,优选地,所述的胺基保护基可以是酰胺保护基团,氨基甲酸酯保护基团等。例如:甲酰基,乙酰基,叔丁氧羰基,苄氧羰基,笏甲氧羰基,三氯乙氧基羰基等;
缩写表:
缩写 | 全称 |
DBU | 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯 |
Me-PEG | 聚乙二醇单甲醚 |
PLA | 聚乳酸/聚丙交酯 |
linker | 连接子 |
Boc | 叔丁氧羰基 |
Fmoc | 芴甲氧羧基 |
TBSCl | 叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷 |
DCC | 二环己基碳二亚胺 |
NHS | N-羟基丁二酰亚胺 |
EDCI | 1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐 |
DMAP | N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶 |
下表为实施例中所涉及的化合物的结构式
附图说明
图1为共聚物Ia的凝胶渗透色谱图,PDI=1.07;
图2为共聚物Ib的凝胶渗透色谱图,PDI=1.05;
图3为共聚物Ic的凝胶渗透色谱图,PDI=1.07;
图4为共聚物Id的凝胶渗透色谱图,PDI=1.07;
图5为共聚物Ie的凝胶渗透色谱图,PDI=1.06;
图6为共聚物Il的凝胶渗透色谱图,PDI=1.07;
图7为共聚物Ia的核磁共振氢谱;
图8为共聚物Ib的核磁共振氢谱;
图9为共聚物Ic的核磁共振氢谱;
图10为共聚物Id的核磁共振氢谱;
图11为共聚物Ie的核磁共振氢谱;
图12为共聚物Il的核磁共振氢谱;
图13为共聚物Ia与紫杉醇形成胶束的透射电镜图;
图14为共聚物Ia与紫杉醇形成胶束的粒径图;
图15为未经修饰的PEG-PLA(韩国三养)与紫杉醇形成胶束的稳定性(紫杉醇与共聚物的重量比为20∶100)和本发明共聚物Ia与紫杉醇形成胶束(紫杉醇与共聚物的重量比为20∶100)的稳定性对照图;
图16为不同紫杉醇与共聚物Ia载药比例下的稳定性对照图;
图17为本发明紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM紫杉醇胶束和紫杉醇注射液对Colo-205细胞肿瘤体积的抑制作用图;
图18为本发明紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM紫杉醇胶束和紫杉醇注射液对裸鼠体重变化曲线图;
图19为本发明紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM紫杉醇胶束和紫杉醇注射液对MCF-7细胞肿瘤体积的抑制作用图;
图20为本发明紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM紫杉醇胶束和紫杉醇注射液对裸鼠体重变化曲线图;
图21为未修饰PEG-PLA胶束形态示意图;
图22为PLA末端修饰PEG-PLA胶束形态示意图;
图23为本发明PLA-linker-PLA胶束形态示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实例详细地解释本发明,使得本领域普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明,具体实例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并不以任何方式限定本发明。
实施例1:制备化合物VIa
将4.48g乳酸加入烧瓶中,再加入100mL二氯甲烷溶解,再加入咪唑(16.2g),溶解后搅拌下加入TBSCl(18g),室温反应16h后加水猝灭反应,后处理浓缩得到粗品中间体。用200mL甲醇溶解上述浓缩液,再加入100mL碳酸钾溶液,常温搅拌3h后,乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩得到第二个粗品中间体。用50mL二氯甲烷溶解上述粗品,再加入DCC(7g),和NHS(5.4g),常温反应16h后过滤,滤液浓缩得到固液混合的粗品,柱层析纯化得到8.6g化合物VIa。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.64(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),2.95-2.71(m,4H),1.63-1.49(m,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.12(d,J=4.8Hz,6H).
实施例2:制备化合物Va
将10g聚乙二醇单甲醚(数均分子量2000)加入烧瓶中,加入50mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下依次加入Boc保护的苯丙氨酸(3.6g),EDCI(5.71g)和DMAP(1.52g),室温反应24h后,有机相依次用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,分液浓缩至剩余少量二氯甲烷溶液,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得9.5g化合物Va。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.26(m,5H),4.99(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.59(m,J=8.2,5.9Hz,1H),4.32-4.17(m,2H),3.62(s,197H),3.36(s,3H),3.08(m,J=13.9,5.9Hz,2H),1.40(s,9H).
实施例3:制备化合物IVa
将8g化合物Va加入烧瓶中,用15mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下加入10mL三氟乙酸,室温下反应18h后,调节pH至7-8,二氯甲烷萃取,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤得6g化合物IVa。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.26(m,5H),4.33-4.19(m,2H),4.01-3.41(m,195H),3.37(s,3H),3.18-2.97(m,2H).
实施例4:制备化合物IIIa
将1.8g化合物IVa加入烧瓶中,加入20mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下加入VIa(0.4g),室温反应18h后,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得1.2g化合物IIIa。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.26(m,6H),4.87(m,J=8.6,5.7Hz,1H),4.31-4.10(m,3H),3.62(m,188H),3.35(s,3H),3.19-3.04(m,2H),1.29(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.81(s,9H),0.02(d,J=14.2Hz,6H).
实施例5:制备化合物IIa
先用40mL水溶解氟化钾将(2g),再加入乙酸(6g),再将化合物IIIa(6g)加入到上述溶液中,室温反应24h后,调节pH至7-8,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得4g化合物IIa。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.26(m,6H),4.89(m,J=8.4,6.1Hz,1H),4.41-4.08(m,3H),3.63(s,191H),3.36(s,3H),3.27-3.03(m,2H),1.31(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
实施例6:制备化合物Ia
将1.65g化合物IIa加入烧瓶中,加入DL-丙交酯(1.54g),用8mL二氯甲烷搅拌溶解,加入DBU(46mg)室温反应1h后,加入50mL二氯甲烷稀释。有机相依次用1N盐酸,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得2.5g化合物Ia,核磁积分计算分子量3900,GPC测试PDI为1.07。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54-8.37(m,1H),7.35-7.14(m,5H),5.48(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.18(m,J=19.5,7.0Hz,22H),5.01(q,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.53-4.42(m,1H),4.16(m,J=27.5,12.4,6.1Hz,3H),3.50(s,189H),3.24(s,3H),3.12-2.91(m,2H),1.57-1.17(m,76H).
实施例7:制备化合物Vb
将3g聚乙二醇单甲醚(数均分子量2000)加入烧瓶中,加入20mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下依次加入Boc保护的3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸(1.4g),EDCI(1.71g),DMAP(0.55g),室温反应18h后,有机相依次用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢钠,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤得2.5g化合物Vb。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.83-7.73(m,3H),7.63-7.58(m,1H),7.49-7.40(m,2H),7.26(d,2H),5.03(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.67(dt,J=8.1,5.9Hz,1H),4.35-4.17(m,2H),3.63(m,188H),3.37(s,3H),3.25(m,J=12.9,6.4Hz,2H),1.39(s,9H).
实施例8:制备化合物IVb
将2.7g化合物Vb加入烧瓶中,用10mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下加入8mL三氟乙酸,反应5h后调节pH至7-8,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗,分液,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得2.5g化合物IVb。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.78(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.66(s,1H),7.44(m,J=6.8,5.2Hz,2H),7.33(m,J=8.5,1.7Hz,1H),4.26(m,J=4.8,1.8Hz,2H),3.85(m,J=7.7,5.5Hz,1H),3.63(s,191H),3.36(s,3H),3.30-3.17(m,1H),3.05(dd,J=13.5,7.7Hz,1H).
实施例9:制备化合物IIIb
将2.5g化合物IVb加入烧瓶中,用10mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下加入化合物VIa(0.5g),室温反应12h后用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得2.4g化合物IIIb。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.77(m,J=16.7,6.8Hz,3H),7.58(s,1H),7.44(m,J=6.0,5.3,3.3Hz,2H),7.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.96(m,J=8.4,5.8Hz,1H),4.38-4.11(m,3H),3.63(s,186H),3.37(s,3H),3.35-3.25(m,2H),1.31(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.74(s,9H),0.04--0.04(m,6H).
实施例10:制备化合物IIb
先用20mL水溶解氟化钾(0.8g),再加入乙酸(2.4g),再将化合物IIIb(2.4g)加入到上述溶液中,室温反应6h后调节pH至7-8,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得1.2g化合物IIb。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.84-7.70(m,3H),7.60(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.50-7.37(m,2H),7.12(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.97(m,J=8.4,6.1Hz,1H),4.33-4.12(m,3H),3.63(s,189H),3.36(s,5H),1.31(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
实施例11:制备化合物Ib
将1g化合物IIb和DL-丙交酯(0.73g)加入烧瓶中,用10mL二氯甲烷溶解,再加入DBU(24mg),-10℃反应3h,加入二氯甲烷稀释。依次用1N盐酸,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤得1.2g化合物Ib,核磁积分计算分子量4200,GPC测试PDI为1.05。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.77(m,J=12.0,5.8Hz,3H),7.60(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),7.44(m,J=6.5,2.6Hz,2H),7.26(s,1H),6.69-6.50(m,1H),5.28-4.82(m,22H),4.30(m,J=23.8,12.5,11.0,6.7Hz,3H),3.63(s,185H),3.37(s,5H),2.74(d,J=14.1Hz,1H),1.66-1.33(m,67H).
实施例12:制备化合物IIIc
将10g聚乙二醇单甲醚(数均分子量2000)加入烧瓶中,再加入50mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下依次加入琥珀酸酐(1g)和DMAP(0.6g),反应5h后用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得7g化合物IIIc。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.25(q,J=4.1Hz,2H),3.63(m,J=2.8Hz,186H),3.37(s,J=2.9Hz,3H),2.63(m,J=7.2,6.5,3.7Hz,4H).
实施例13:制备化合物IIc
将3.5g化合物IIIc加入烧瓶中,用15mLDMF溶解,搅拌下依次加入苯丙胺醇(0.8g),EDCI(1.9g)和HOBT(1.34g),室温反应18h后有机相依次用1N盐酸,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得2.5g化合物IIc。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.26(s,5H),6.24(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.28-4.19(m,2H),4.14(m,J=7.7,6.3,3.4Hz,1H),3.63(m,195H),3.37(s,3H),3.02(s,1H),2.86(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.79-2.56(m,2H),2.50-2.38(m,2H).
实施例14:制备化合物Ic
将1g化合物IIc加入烧瓶中,再加入D-丙交酯(0.42g)和L-丙交酯(0.42g),用10mL二氯甲烷搅拌溶解,加入DBU(30mg),在50℃反应10min后,依次用1N盐酸和饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得1.2g化合物Ic,核磁积分计算分子量4000,GPC测试PDI为1.07。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.26(s,5H),6.19-5.96(m,1H),5.17(m,J=11.0,7.4,4.6Hz,23H),4.36(td,J=16.0,13.1,9.5Hz,2H),4.27-4.05(m,4H),3.64(s,197H),3.38(s,3H),2.93-2.68(m,2H),2.64(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.48-2.38(m,2H),1.66-1.43(m,73H).
实施例15:制备化合物IId
将2.5g化合物IIIc加入烧瓶中,用15mL DMF溶解,搅拌下依次加入3-(2-萘基)-丙氨醇(0.8g),EDCI(0.9g)和HOBT(0.5g),室温反应24h后依次用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢钠,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得2g化合物IId。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.83-7.71(m,3H),7.67(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.51-7.33(m,3H),6.29(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.31-4.13(m,3H),3.63(s,193H),3.37(s,3H),3.03(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),2.80-2.57(m,2H),2.44(m,J=6.9,6.4,1.6Hz,2H).
实施例16:制备化合物Id
将1g化合物IId加入烧瓶中,再加入D-丙交酯(0.41g)和L-丙交酯(0.41g),用10mL二氯甲烷搅拌溶解,加入DBU(28mg),25℃反应1h后依次用1N盐酸,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀,布氏漏斗过滤,得1.2g化合物Id,核磁积分计算分子量4000,GPC测试PDI为1.07。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.79(t,J=8.7Hz,3H),7.63(s,1H),7.45(m,J=5.6Hz,2H),7.37-7.30(m,1H),6.32-6.08(m,1H),5.31-5.06(m,23H),4.52(s,1H),4.35(p,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.15(ddd,J=17.4,6.6,5.6Hz,4H),3.63(d,J=3.0Hz,200H),3.37(s,3H),3.11-2.89(m,2H),2.75(s,1H),2.64(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.44(dd,J=6.8,3.1Hz,2H),1.67-1.43(m,73H).
实施例17:制备化合物IIIe
将8g聚乙二醇单甲醚(数均分子量2000)加入烧瓶中,用100mL二氯甲烷溶解,搅拌下依次加入对羧基苯甲醛(2.5g),DCC(6.56g)和DMAP(2.18g),室温反应10h后,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀后,固体用油泵常温抽干得5.5g化合物IIIe。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ10.08(s,1H),8.26-8.14(m,2H),8.00-7.88(m,2H),4.52-4.45(m,2H),3.62(s,189H),3.36(s,3H).
实施例18:制备化合物IIe
将2.5g化合物IIIe加入烧瓶中,用50mL乙醇溶解,搅拌下加入硼氢化钠(100mg),反应1h后依次用1N盐酸,饱和食盐水洗涤,用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀后,固体用油泵常温抽干得0.8g化合物IIe。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.02(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.74(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),4.45(m,J=5.8,3.8Hz,2H),3.62(m,203H),3.36(s,3H),2.65(t,J=6.1Hz,1H).
实施例19:制备化合物Ie
将0.8g化合物IIe加入烧瓶中,再加入DL-丙交酯(0.7g),用10mL二氯甲烷溶解,加入DBU(16mg),10℃反应30min,有机相依次用1N盐酸,饱和食盐水洗洗涤用甲基叔丁基醚沉淀后,固体用油泵常温抽干得0.8g化合物Ie,核磁积分计算分子量3800,GPC测试PDI为1.06。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.14-7.95(m,2H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.31-5.09(m,20H),4.53-4.41(m,2H),4.34(p,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.63(m,200H),3.37(s,3H),2.73(d,J=14.5Hz,1H),1.68-1.41(m,60H).
实施例20:制备化合物If
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为4000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、外消旋色氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物If,数均分子量为7900,PDI为1.07。
实施例21:制备化合物Ig
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为5000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、酪氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ig,数均分子量为10000,PDI为1.09。
实施例22:制备化合物Ih
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、D-组氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ih,数均分子量为5000,PDI为1.05。
实施例23:制备化合物Ii
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单苄醚、L-苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ii,数均分子量为4000,PDI为1.06。
实施例24:制备化合物Ij
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为10000的聚乙二醇单苄醚、L-苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ij,数均分子量为20000,PDI为1.08。
实施例25:制备化合物Ik
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为6000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、D-苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、D-酪氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ik,数均分子量为14000,PDI为1.07。
实施例26:制备化合物II
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、L-苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,并用乙酰基保护PLA末端,获得化合物II,数均分子量为7000,PDI为1.06。
实施例27:制备化合物Im
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、L-苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,并用苯甲酰基保护PLA末端,获得化合物Im,数均分子量为4500,PDI为1.06。
实施例28:制备化合物In
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、L-苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,并用Boc保护的苯丙氨酸保护PLA末端,获得化合物In,数均分子量为5000,PDI为1.04。
实施例29:制备化合物Io
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、苯甲酰基保护的赖氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,并用Boc保护的苯丙氨酸保护PLA末端,获得化合物Io,数均分子量为4000,PDI为1.08。
实施例30:制备化合物Ip
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、二硫代二丙酸、叔丁氧氧羰基保护的苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ip,数均分子量为4300,PDI为1.09。
实施例31:制备化合物Iq
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、叔丁氧羰基保护的苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Iq,数均分子量为5000,PDI为1.07。
实施例32:制备化合物Ir
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、巯基乙酸、叔丁氧羰基保护的苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Ir,数均分子量为6000,PDI为1.07。
实施例34:制备化合物Is
按照化合物Ia的合成路线,以数均分子量为4000的聚乙二醇单甲醚、丁内酯、叔丁氧羰基保护的苯丙氨酸、DL-丙交酯为原料,通过引入连接子(linker)并引发聚合,获得化合物Is,数均分子量为8000,PDI为1.07。
实施例35:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ia和100mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡30min;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 30℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为16%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例36:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ia和150mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡30min;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 30℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为23%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例37:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ia和200mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡2h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;
迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 60℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为28%,其粒径测定结果如附图14所示,取三次测试平均值,平均粒径为20.2nm。透射电镜照片如附图13所示。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例38:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ia和300mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡30min;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 30℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为37%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例39:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ib和300mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡1h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 50℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为37%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例40:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ib和50mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡1h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 50℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为9%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成3mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例41:紫杉醇胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取500mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ic和150mg紫杉醇放入500mL烧瓶中,加入100mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡30min;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入150mL 30℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的紫杉醇含量为23%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例42:多西他赛胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取200mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ib和80mg多西他赛放入250mL烧瓶中,加入50mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡2h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入50mL 20℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的多西他赛含量为28%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于48h。
实施例43:艾日布林胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取200mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ic和40mg艾日布林放入250mL烧瓶中,加入50mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡2h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入50mL 40℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的艾日布林含量为17%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于48h。
实施例44:伊立替康胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取200mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Id和40mg伊立替康放入250mL烧瓶中,加入50mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡2h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入50mL 60℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的伊立替康含量为16%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成3mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于24h。
实施例45:SN-38胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取200mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ih和20mg SN-38放入250mL烧瓶中,加入50mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡2h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入50mL 40℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的SN-38含量为9%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成1.5mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于24h。
实施例46:氟维司群胶束冻干粉剂的制备
取200mg两亲性嵌段共聚物Ih和70mg氟维司群放入250mL烧瓶中,加入50mL乙腈溶解;室温下置于摇床中震荡2h;旋蒸除去乙腈,在烧瓶壁形成透明薄膜;迅速向烧瓶中导入50mL 40℃的纯水;震荡成具有明显蓝色乳光的均一溶液;过0.22μm滤膜;在冻干机上冻干成白色粉末状固体;HPLC检测冻干后固体的氟维司群含量为25%。
该冻干粉用生理盐水复溶成2mg/mL浓度的溶液后,在室温下稳定时间大于72h。
实施例47大鼠药代动力学研究
1.1实验动物
健康成年SD大鼠,雄性,6-8周龄,体重200-250g,由上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司提供,动物合格证号:2008001682093。
1.2供试样品配制
1)紫杉醇胶束:由本发明实施例36制得的紫杉醇冻干粉,紫杉醇与共聚物(PEG-linker-PLA)Ia的重量比为30∶100;
2)Genexol-PM胶束:韩国三养紫杉醇胶束冻干粉,紫杉醇与共聚物(PEG-PLA)的重量比为20∶100;
3)紫杉醇注射液:购自北京双鹭药业股份有限公司的紫杉醇注射液,30mg/5ml*10包装,产品批号:20170501。
紫杉醇胶束冻干粉或者Genexol-PM:称取适量样品,加入适量的生理盐水,摇床200r/min的速度振荡约20min直至澄清,供静脉注射给药。
1.3供试药品给药
静脉注射给药:每个供试化合物3只雄性SD大鼠,禁食一夜后分别静脉注射给药,剂量3mg/kg,给药体积3mL/kg。
1.4实验方法
在给药前及给药后0.0833、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、24小时后,将每只动物的颈静脉穿刺(每个时间点约0.15mL)进行聚丙烯管的采血,将所有血样转移到预冷的EDTA-K2试管或预冷的塑料微量离心管中,所述试管含有3μL 0.5M EDTA-K2作为抗凝剂并置于湿冰上直至离心。每个收集的血液在4℃离心15分钟,收集血浆,所有的血浆将被储存在约-80℃的冷冻箱中,直至LCMS/MS检测。
1.5药代动力学数据结果
各组药代动力学参数比较见表1。
1.6实验结论
1)等剂量(10mg/kg)单次静脉注射给予SD大鼠,本发明的紫杉醇胶束中的紫杉醇在血浆中的药物暴露量显著低于紫杉醇注射液组,而且也低于韩国三养的Genexol-PM,显示本发明的紫杉醇胶束在体内的稳定性明显优于韩国三养的Genexol-PM组和紫杉醇注射液组,显示本发明的紫杉醇胶束可能具有更好的安全性。
2)本发明的紫杉醇胶束中的紫杉醇半衰期明显高于紫杉醇注射液组和韩国三养的Genexol-PM,显示本发明的紫杉醇胶束可能具有更好的疗效。
实施例48本发明紫杉醇胶束在小鼠Colo-205模型上的药效学研究
2.1实验动物
BALB/c裸小鼠,5周龄,体重14-16克,雌性,由上海西普尔一必凯实验动物有限公司提供,动物合格证号:20130016001491。
2.2饲养条件
动物到达后在实验环境饲养7天后方开始实验。动物在SPF级动物房以IVC(独立送风系统)笼具饲养(每笼4只)。每笼动物信息卡注明笼内动物数目,性别,品系,接收日期,给药方案,实验编号,组别以及实验开始日期。所有笼具、垫料及饮水在使用前均灭菌。笼具、饲料及饮水每周更换两次。
2.3肿瘤细胞接种方法
人结直肠癌Colo-205细胞(ATCC-CCL-222)体外单层培养,培养条件为RPMI 1640培养基中加10%胎牛血清,100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素,37℃ 5%CO2孵箱培养。一周两次用胰酶-EDTA进行常规消化处理传代。当细胞饱和度为80%-90%,数量到达要求时,收取细胞,计数,接种。将0.2mL(5×106个)Colo-205细胞皮下接种于每只小鼠的右后背。肿瘤平均体积达到163mm3时,开始将动物随机分组给药。
2.4供试样品配制
1)紫杉醇胶束:由本发明实施例36制得的紫杉醇冻干粉,紫杉醇与共聚物(PEG-linker-PLA)Ia的重量比为30∶100;
2)Genexol-PM胶束:韩国三养紫杉醇胶束冻干粉,紫杉醇与共聚物(PEG-PLA)的重量比为20∶100;
3)紫杉醇注射液:购自北京双鹭药业股份有限公司的紫杉醇注射液,30mg/5ml*10包装,产品批号:20170501。
紫杉醇胶束冻干粉或者Genexol-PM:称取适量样品,加入适量的生理盐水,摇床200r/min的速度振荡约20min直至澄清,供静脉注射给药。
2.5供试药品给药
给药剂量和给药方案见表2。每周测2-3次裸小鼠皮下的瘤体积,称量鼠重,记录数据。
给药方案如表2。
注:按照体重计算给药体积,给药体积为10μl/g。
2.6分析评价
实验评价指标:采用肿瘤生长抑制率TGI(%)或相对肿瘤增殖率T/C(%)进行评价,其中T为实验组,C为对照组。
相对肿瘤增殖率T/C(%)的计算:若T>T0,T/C(%)=(T-T0)/(C-C0)×100%,若T<T0,T/C(%)=(T-T0)/T0×100%其中T、C为实验结束时的肿瘤体积;T0、C0为实验开始时的肿瘤体积。
肿瘤生长抑制率TGI(%)的计算:TGI(%)=(1-T/C)×100%。
评价标准:T/C(%)>40(即TGI(%)<60%)为无效;T/C(%)≤40(即TGI(%)≥60%)为有效,并经过统计学处理P<0.05为有效。
2.7药效实验结果
紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM和紫杉醇注射液对Colo-205细胞肿瘤体积的抑制作用如图17所示,裸鼠体重变化曲线见图18所示。
表3、各组药物对Colo-205细胞肿瘤体积的抑制作用
结果表明:
1)本发明的紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM胶束和紫杉醇注射液对Colo-205裸鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用都非常明显,其中本发明的紫杉醇胶束组的疗效优于Genexol-PM组和紫杉醇注射液组;
2)紫杉醇注射液组动物出现排尿困难现象,并有动物死亡,解剖后发现膀胱破裂;本发明的紫杉醇胶束组动物一切正常,表明本发明的紫杉醇胶束的安全性优于紫杉醇注射液。
实施例49本发明紫杉醇胶束在小鼠MCF-7模型上的药效学研究
3.1实验动物
BALB/c裸小鼠,6-8周龄,体重18-20克,雌性,由上海灵畅生物科技有限公司提供,动物合格证号:2013001829943。
3.2饲养条件
同实施例3.2
3.3肿瘤细胞接种方法
人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞(ECACC,货号:86012803)体外单层培养,培养条件为EMEM(EBSS)+2mM Glutamine+1%Non Essential Amino Acids(NEAA)培养基中加10%胎牛血清,100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素,37℃ 5%CO2孵箱培养。一周两次用胰酶-EDTA进行常规消化处理传代。当细胞饱和度为80%-90%,数量到达要求时,收取细胞,计数,接种。将0.2mL(1×107个)MCF-7细胞(加基质胶,体积比为1∶1)皮下接种于每只小鼠的右后背,肿瘤平均体积达到209mm3时开始随机分组给药。
3.4供试样品配制
1)紫杉醇胶束:由本发明实施例36制得的紫杉醇冻干粉,紫杉醇与两亲性嵌段共聚物(PEG-linker-PLA)Ia的重量比为30∶100;
2)Genexol-PM胶束:韩国三养紫杉醇胶束冻干粉,紫杉醇与共聚物(PEG-PLA)的重量比为20∶100;
3)紫杉醇注射液:购自北京双鹭药业股份有限公司的紫杉醇注射液,30mg/5ml*10包装,产品批号:20170501。
紫杉醇胶束冻干粉或者Genexol-PM:称取适量样品,加入适量的生理盐水,摇床200r/min的速度振荡约20min直至澄清,供静脉注射给药。
3.5供试药品给药
给药剂量和给药方案见表4。每周测2-3次裸小鼠皮下的瘤体积,称量鼠重,记录数据。
给药方案如下表4。
注:按照体重计算给药体积,给药体积为10μl/g。
3.6分析评价
实验评价指标:采用肿瘤生长抑制率TGI(%)或相对肿瘤增殖率T/C(%)进行评价,其中T为实验组,C为对照组。
相对肿瘤增殖率T/C(%)的计算:若T>T0,T/C(%)=(T-T0)/(C-C0)×100%,若T<T0,T/C(%)=(T-T0)/T0×100%其中T、C为实验结束时的肿瘤体积;T0、C0为实验开始时的肿瘤体积。
肿瘤生长抑制率TGI(%)的计算:TGI(%)=(1-T/C)×100%。
评价标准:T/C(%)>40(即TGI(%)<60%)为无效;T/C(%)≤40(即TGI(%)≥60%)为有效,并经过统计学处理P<0.05为有效。
3.7药效实验结果
本发明的紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-P胶束和紫杉醇注射液对MCF-7细胞肿瘤体积的抑制作用如图19所示,裸鼠体重变化曲线见图20所示。
表5、各组药物对MCF-7细胞肿瘤体积的抑制作用的比较
结果表明:
1)本发明紫杉醇胶束、Genexol-PM组和紫杉醇注射液都对MCF-7裸鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用非常明显,其中本发明的紫杉醇胶束疗效优于其它两组。
2)紫杉醇注射液组动物出现排尿困难现象,并有动物死亡,解剖后发现膀胱破裂;本发明的紫杉醇胶束组动物一切正常,表明本发明的紫杉醇胶束的安全性优于紫杉醇注射液。
由于已根据其特殊的实施方案描述了本发明,某些修饰和等价变化对于本领域普通技术人员是显而易见的且包括在本发明的范围内。
Claims (55)
1.一种两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,包含亲水性链段、疏水性链段以及用于共价键连接亲水性链段和疏水性链段的linker,所述linker为连接子,其结构为含有芳香环、碳碳双键、碳碳三键、共轭双键或共轭三键中的一种或多种取代的小分子片段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述亲水性链段为数均分子量在400~20000之间的聚乙二醇或单保护的聚乙二醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述疏水性链段选自数均分子量在400~20000之间的聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、聚乙丙交酯、聚己内酯、聚碳酸酯或聚二氧环己酮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于具有如下结构:R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2,
其中R1、R2独立地选自羟基保护基或氢;
PEG为数均分子量在400~20000的聚乙二醇嵌段,PLA为数均分子量在400~20000的聚丙交酯嵌段,PEG嵌段和PLA嵌段的数均分子量比例为1∶0.5~2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述linker的结构中的芳香环、碳碳双键、碳碳三键、共轭双键或共轭三键位于共聚物的直链或侧链。
6.根据权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述linker的结构为直链或者侧链上含有芳香环取代的C1-C30小分子片段。
7.根据权利要求6所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述直链或者侧链上含有芳香环取代的C1-C30小分子片段中包含或者不包含杂原子取代,其中杂原子选自氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、磷原子中的一个或多个。
8.根据权利要求6所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述的C1-C30小分子片段中含有芳香环的氨基酸、氨基醇或多肽,其中芳香环位于氨基酸、氨基醇或多肽的侧链,或者位于氨基酸、氨基醇或多肽的羟基、巯基、胺基或者羧基的保护基。
9.根据权利要求8所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述含有芳香环的氨基酸或者氨基醇是R构型、S构型或外消旋化合物。
10.根据权利要求8所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述含有芳香环的氨基酸选自苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸中的一个或多个。
11.根据权利要求10所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸是R构型、S构型或外消旋化合物。
12.根据权利要求8所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于含有芳香环的氨基醇选自苯丙氨醇、组氨醇、酪氨醇、色氨醇、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨醇中的一个或多个。
13.根据权利要求12所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述苯丙氨醇、组氨醇、酪氨醇、色氨醇、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨醇是R构型、S构型或外消旋化合物。
14.根据根据权利要求8所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于所述含有芳香环的多肽中的一个或多个片段来自于苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、3-(2-萘基)-丙氨酸中的一个或多个。
15.一种权利要求1-14中所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)对数均分子量为400~20000的聚乙二醇或单保护聚乙二醇进行含有芳香基取代的小分子片段修饰,得到R1-PEG-linker;
2)将R1-PEG-linker与DL-丙交酯或L-丙交酯或D-丙交酯溶于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂进行聚合,得到R1-PEG-linker-PLA;
3)可选地,对R1-PEG-linker-PLA进行PLA末端羟基保护,得到R1-PEG-linker-PLA-R2。
其中,所述PLA为数均分子量在400~20000的聚丙交酯嵌段;
linker的定义如权利要求1所述;
R1、R2的定义如权利要求4所述。
16.一种两亲性嵌段共聚物,结构如式I:
其中,linker的定义如权利要求1所述;
R1、R2的定义如权利要求4所述;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
17.根据权利要求16所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述linker的结构中含有芳香环,其中芳香环含有一个或多个取代基或不含取代基。
18.根据权利要求16所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述式I选自下组:
其中,
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
19.根据权利要求18所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述式I选自下组:
20.根据权利要求16所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其特征在于,所述式I选自下组:
21.一种如权利要求16所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,式I所示的化合物通过式IA所示的共聚物经过羟基保护反应制得,
其中,linker的定义如权利要求1所述;
R1为羟基保护基或氢;R2为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
22.根据权利要求21所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂选自1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU),辛酸亚锡,1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯(TBD)或7-甲基-1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯(MTBD)中的一种或多种。
23.一种如式IA所示的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式II所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得,
其中,linker的定义如权利要求1所述;
R1为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
24.一种如式II所示的聚合物,
其中,linker的定义如权利要求1所述;
R1为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440。
25.一种如式II所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式III所示的聚合物经过小分子片段修饰制得,
其中,linker的定义如权利要求1所述;
R1为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440。
26.一种如式I所述的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)式III所示的聚合物经过小分子片段修饰制得如式II所示的聚合物;
2)式II所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得如式IA所示的共聚物;
3)可选地,式IA所示的共聚物经过羟基保护制得如式I所示的共聚物。
其中,linker定义如权利要求1所述;
R1、R2为羟基保护基或氢;
n=8~440;m=3~160。
27.一种如式IB或IC所示的共聚物,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
28.一种如式IC所示的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式IB所示的共聚物经过乙酰基保护制得,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
29.一种如式IB所示的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式IIA所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
30.一种如式IIA所式的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
31.一种如式IIA所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式IIIA所示的聚合物经过脱保护反应制得,
其中,R3为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
32.一种如式IIIA所示的聚合物,
其中,R3为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
33.一种如式IIIA所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式IVA所示的聚合物经过缩合反应制得,
其中,R3为羟基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
34.一种如式IVA所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
35.一种如式IVA所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式VA所示的聚合物经过脱保护反应制得,
其中,R4为胺基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
36.一种如式VA所示的聚合物,
其中,R4为胺基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
37.一种如式VA所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式VIA所示的聚合物与如式VIIA所示的保护氨基酸经过缩合反应制得,
其中,R4为胺基保护基;
n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
氨基酸化合物VIIA的构型是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
38.一种如式IB所示的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)式VIA所示的聚合物与式VIIA所示的化合物经过缩合反应制得如式VA所示的聚合物;
2)式VA所示的聚合物经过脱保护反应制得如式IVA所示的聚合物;
3)式IVA所示的聚合物经过缩合反应制得如式IIIA所示的聚合物;
4)式IIIA所示的聚合物经过脱保护反应制得如式IIA所示的聚合物;
5)式IIA所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得如式IB所示的共聚物;
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
R3为羟基保护基;
R4为胺基保护基;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
氨基酸化合物VIIA的构型是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
39.一种如式ID所示的共聚物,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
40.一种如式ID所示的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式IID所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得,
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
41.一种如式IID所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基。
42.一种如式IID所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式IIID所示的聚合物与如式IVD所示的氨基醇化合物经过缩合反应制得,
其中,n=8~440;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
氨基醇化合物IVD的构型是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
43.一种如式IIID所示的聚合物,
其中,n=8~440。
44.一种如式IIID所示的聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过如式VIA所示的化合物与如式IVD所示的化合物进行开环缩合反应制得,
其中,n=8~440。
45.一种如式ID所示的共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)式VIA所示的聚合物与式IVD所示的化合物发生开环缩合反应制得如式IIID所示的聚合物;
2)式IIID所示的聚合物与式IVD所示的化合物发生缩合反应制得如式IID所示的聚合物;
3)式IID所示的聚合物在催化剂的作用下引发丙交酯聚合制得如式ID所示的共聚物;
其中,n=8~440;m=3~160;
Ar为取代或未取代的芳基;
氨基醇化合物IVD的构型是S构型、R构型或者外消旋构型。
46.一种两亲性嵌段共聚物的纯化方法,其特征在于根据权利要求15、21、22、28、29、38、40或45所制得的两亲性嵌段共聚物粗品溶于有机溶剂,分别用稀盐酸和饱和氯化钠洗涤,浓缩后,加入沉淀剂析出聚合物后过滤,得到纯的固体性状的两亲性嵌段共聚物。
47.根据权利要求46所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物的纯化方法,其特征在于所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;所述沉淀剂为甲基叔丁基醚。
48.一种纳米胶束载药系统,至少包含一种权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物和至少一种难溶性药物。
49.根据权利要求48所述的纳米胶束载药系统,其特征在于,所述难溶性药物与两亲性嵌段共聚物的重量比为0.5~100∶100。
50.一种纳米胶束载药系统,至少包含一种权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物、难溶性药物和药学上可接受的药用辅料。
51.根据权利要求50所述的纳米胶束载药系统,其特征在于所述的药用辅料为冻干赋形剂。
52.根据权利要求51所述的纳米胶束载药系统,其特征在于所述的冻干赋形剂选自乳糖、甘露糖、蔗糖、海藻糖、果糖、葡萄糖、海藻酸钠或明胶中的至少一种。
53.根据权利要求48或50所述的纳米胶束载药系统,其特征在于所述难溶性药物选自紫杉醇、多西他赛、卡巴他赛、7-表紫杉醇、t-乙酰基紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基-7-表紫杉醇、7-木糖基紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基-7-戊二酰紫杉醇、7-N,N-二甲基甘氨酰紫杉醇、7-L-丙氨酰紫杉醇、莱龙泰素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、SN-38、伊立替康、拓扑替康、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、雌莫司汀、米托蒽醌、安吖啶、顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、长春碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨、长春地辛、美登素、三尖杉酯碱、高三尖杉酯碱、丝裂霉素、博莱霉素、柔红霉素、伊达比星、多柔比星、表柔比星、吉西他滨、卡培他滨、氟达拉滨、克拉曲滨、硼替佐米、卡非佐米、艾莎佐米、卡莫司汀、氟尿嘧啶、阿糖胞苷、环孢菌素A、西罗莫司、替西罗莫司、依维莫司、艾日布林、曲贝替定、氟维司群、来曲唑、替莫唑胺、雷洛昔芬、他莫昔芬、来那度胺、伊沙匹隆、甲氨蝶呤、培美曲塞、恩杂鲁胺、阿比特龙、苯达莫司汀、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、吲哚美辛、石杉碱甲、阿昔洛韦、别嘌醇、胺碘酮、硫唑嘌呤、贝那普利、骨化三醇、坎地沙坦、衣普罗沙坦、卡比多巴/左旋多巴、克拉霉素、氯氮平、醋酸去氨加压素、双氯芬酸、依那普利、法莫替丁、非洛地平、非诺贝特、芬太尼、非索非那定、福辛普利、呋塞米、格列本脲、莨菪碱、丙咪嗪、伊曲康唑、左甲状腺素、阿托伐他汀、洛伐他汀、美克洛嗪、甲地孕酮、巯嘌呤、美托拉宗、莫米松、萘丁美酮、奥美拉唑、帕罗西汀、普罗帕酮、喹那普利、辛伐他汀、西罗莫司、他克莫司、替扎尼定、利培酮、奥氮平、齐拉西酮、利斯的明、纳洛酮、环丙甲羟二羟吗啡酮、西罗莫司、他克莫司、卡莫司汀、黄体酮、雌激素、雌二醇、左炔诺孕酮、炔诺酮、伊沙匹隆、艾博霉素、雷帕霉素、普卡霉素、万古霉素、两性霉素B、足叶乙甙、强力霉素、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑、酮康唑、睾酮、孕酮、去炎松、地塞米松、替诺昔康、吡罗昔康、布洛芬、卡泊芬净、米卡芬净、COX-II抑制剂、芳香化酶抑制剂、多肽药物以及它们的组合。
54.一种权利要求48或50所述的纳米胶束载药系统的制备方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的两亲性嵌段共聚物和难溶性药物溶解于有机溶剂中,蒸发去除有机溶剂后,加入20℃~80℃注射用水溶解药膜得载药胶束溶液,可选地,加入冻干赋形剂,经过滤除菌冻干后得胶束冻干粉。
55.根据权利要求48或50所述的纳米胶束载药系统,其特征在于该胶束载药系统在用于制备治疗治疗肿瘤、炎症、糖尿病、中枢神经疾病、心血管疾病、精神疾病药物方面的用途。
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- 2019-02-12 US US16/969,397 patent/US11225551B2/en active Active
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US11225551B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
EP3753966A1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
WO2019158037A1 (zh) | 2019-08-22 |
JP2021509138A (ja) | 2021-03-18 |
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US20220098367A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
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