CN110114508A - 方向性电磁钢板、变压器的铁芯和变压器以及变压器的噪音的降低方法 - Google Patents
方向性电磁钢板、变压器的铁芯和变压器以及变压器的噪音的降低方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110114508A CN110114508A CN201780080754.4A CN201780080754A CN110114508A CN 110114508 A CN110114508 A CN 110114508A CN 201780080754 A CN201780080754 A CN 201780080754A CN 110114508 A CN110114508 A CN 110114508A
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- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- insulating film
- steel plate
- grain
- steel sheet
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 17
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910004856 P—O—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020350 Na2WO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010298 TiOSO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KADRTWZQWGIUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxotitanium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KADRTWZQWGIUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGUKXCVHOUQPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid tungsten Chemical compound [W].OP(O)(O)=O DGUKXCVHOUQPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDKTUKJXHDZWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].P(O)(O)(O)=O SDKTUKJXHDZWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052644 β-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
- C23C22/188—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also magnesium cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/20—Orthophosphates containing aluminium cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/22—Orthophosphates containing alkaline earth metal cations
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可加工成变压器的铁芯、在实际运行的条件下能够发挥低噪音特性的方向性电磁钢板。该方向性电磁钢板具有绝缘被膜，上述绝缘被膜含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种和Si、P、O，结晶度为20％以上，且100℃～200℃的上述绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上。优选绝缘被膜的静摩擦系数为0.21～0.50。优选绝缘被膜不含有Cr。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及方向性电磁钢板、变压器的铁芯和变压器以及变压器的噪音的降低方法，特别涉及一种低噪音性优异的方向性电磁钢板。
背景技术
一般，在方向性电磁钢板中，为了赋予绝缘性、加工性和防锈性等而在钢板表面设置被膜。所述被膜通常由最终完工退火时形成的以镁橄榄石为主体的基底被膜和在其上形成的磷酸盐系的顶涂被膜构成。
上述被膜由于在高温下形成且具有低热膨胀率，因此在下降到室温时因钢板与被膜的热膨胀率的差异而对钢板赋予张力。其结果，使铁损和磁致伸缩降低。特别是磁致伸缩降低时铁芯的磁致伸缩振幅变小，能够将变压器的噪音抑制得较低。近年来，低噪音变压器的需求不断提高，因此，期望对钢板赋予尽可能高的张力。
为了满足这样的高赋予张力的迫切期望，一直以来提出了各种被膜。例如，在专利文献1中提出了一种以磷酸镁、胶体二氧化硅和铬酸酐为主体的被膜，另外在专利文献2中提出了一种以磷酸铝、胶体二氧化硅和铬酸酐为主体的被膜。
然而，无法说由专利文献1或专利文献2中记载的磷酸系玻璃涂层产生的拉伸应力充分，期望进一步的改善。
与此相对，在专利文献3中公开了一种方向性电磁钢板，通过制成含有P、Si、Cr和O的元素以及选自Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba中的至少1种元素、且5质量％以上为磷酸盐的晶相的涂层，从而产生较高的拉伸应力，降低铁损。
另外，在专利文献4中公开了在表面制成以磷酸金属盐和胶体二氧化硅为主成分、且使该磷酸金属盐的结晶度为60％以下而不含有铬的高张力绝缘被膜，在专利文献5中公开了制成含有磷酸盐和胶体二氧化硅作为主成分且整面均匀地分散地含有结晶性的磷酸镁、不含有铬的高张力绝缘被膜。
使磷酸盐的玻璃质的被膜的一部分结晶化确实有助于提高耐密合性、提高对钢板的赋予张力。然而，可知专利文献3、4、5中的任一种技术都存在实际制成变压器时由变压器产生的噪音较大的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开昭50-79442号公报
专利文献2：日本特开昭48-39338号公报
专利文献3：日本再表2013/099455号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2007-217758号公报
专利文献5：日本再表2007/136115号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述课题，提供一种可加工成变压器的铁芯、在实际运行的条件下能够发挥低噪音特性的方向性电磁钢板。另外，目的在于提供使用上述方向性电磁钢板的变压器的铁芯和变压器以及变压器的噪音的降低方法。
本发明人等进行了深入研究，结果得到以下见解。
对相同的方向性电磁钢板分别施加不同的涂层，对变压器噪音低(即低噪音)的钢板和变压器噪音高的钢板的差异进行深入调查研究，结果发现在变压器噪音高的钢板中，在实际的变压器运行中的条件下、即100℃～200℃左右的温度下，被膜对钢板的赋予张力会大大降低。
根据该结果，认为噪音产生的原因是由于在100℃～200℃左右的温度下对钢板的赋予张力大大降低。而且，可知从低噪音的方面考虑，重要的不是到目前为止一直测定·评价的室温下对钢板的赋予张力，而是在实际的变压器运行中的条件下、即100℃～200℃左右的温度下的对钢板的赋予张力。进行进一步研究，结果还得到以下见解：通过使绝缘被膜中含有晶相，利用结晶化会使对钢板的赋予张力变高。
本发明是基于这样的见解而进行的，要旨如下。
[1]一种方向性电磁钢板，具有绝缘被膜，上述绝缘被膜含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种和Si、P、O，结晶度为20％以上，且100℃～200℃的上述绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上。
[2]根据上述[1]所述的方向性电磁钢板，其中，上述绝缘被膜的静摩擦系数为0.21～0.50。
[3]根据上述[1]或[2]所述的方向性电磁钢板，其中，上述绝缘被膜不含Cr。
[4]根据上述[1]～[3]中任一项所述的方向性电磁钢板，其中，上述绝缘被膜的平均膜厚为4.5μm以下。
[5]一种变压器的铁芯，是使用上述[1]～[4]中任一项所述的方向性电磁钢板而成的。
[6]一种变压器，具备上述[5]所述的变压器的铁芯。
[7]一种变压器的噪音的降低方法，是降低变压器的噪音的方法，
使用上述[1]～[4]中任一项所述的方向性电磁钢板作为构成该变压器的铁芯的方向性电磁钢板。
根据本发明，得到低噪音性优异的方向性电磁钢板。能够降低变压器噪音，作为低噪音变压器的材料有用。使用本发明的方向性电磁钢板的变压器的铁芯和变压器的低噪音性优异。
具体实施方式
以下进行详细说明。应予说明，成分组成的含量的单位、即“％”只要没有特别说明，就表示“质量％”。
形成于本发明的方向性电磁钢板的表面的绝缘被膜含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种和Si、P、O，结晶度为20％以上，且100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上。
应予说明，本发明中，绝缘被膜是指磷酸盐系的张力绝缘被膜(顶涂被膜)。
认为变压器的噪音的原因主要归因于铁芯的磁致伸缩。磁致伸缩是指将铁磁化时发生伸缩的现象，已知对铁施加压缩应力时磁致伸缩变大。变压器的铁芯通过将钢板层叠而形成，大型变压器的铁芯会使用几十吨的钢板。因此，因自重而使压缩应力作用于钢板。因此，只要预先对钢板施加张力，就能够消除压缩应力的影响。因而，通过对钢板施加尽可能高的张力，能够防止磁致伸缩的增加，能够降低变压器的噪音。
从以上方面考虑，本发明中，作为对钢板的赋予张力，100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上。假设变压器实际上在运行中而对100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力进行评价，由此能够提高低噪音特性。从与实际运行中的温度偏离过大而提高低噪音特性的方面考虑，小于100℃或高于200℃的温度下的评价不适合。另外，对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上。为小于10MPa的绝缘被膜张力时，磁致伸缩的压缩应力特性的改善不足，噪音变大。优选为12MPa以上。上限没有特别限定，由于将张力提高到所需以上会导致成本增大，因此在经济性的观点上优选30MPa以下。
应予说明，100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力如下进行测定。
对钢板的赋予张力为轧制方向的张力，由使用碱、酸等将钢板单面的绝缘被膜剥离后的钢板的翘曲量，利用下述式(1)进行计算。
对钢板的赋予张力[MPa]＝钢板杨氏模量[GPa]×板厚[mm]×翘曲量[mm]÷(翘曲测定长度[mm])2×103……式(1)
其中，钢板杨氏模量为132GPa。
然后，将测定样品以20℃/hr的速度从100℃升温到200℃，将使用翘曲量最小时的翘曲量的值算出的对钢板的赋予张力作为100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力。
本发明中，100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上是指在100℃～200℃的温度范围的绝缘被膜对钢板的赋予张力为10MPa以上。
本发明中作为对象的绝缘被膜含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种和Si、P、O。另外，本发明的绝缘被膜可以不含有Cr，但从环境负荷的观点考虑，优选不含有Cr。
P是以磷酸盐的形式形成P-O-P的网络结构而确保绝缘被膜基体(金属基体、镁橄榄石被膜和其它陶瓷被膜等基底被膜)与绝缘被膜的密合性所必需的。
Si以硅酸盐的形式形成Si-O-Si的网络结构，有助于因绝缘被膜的耐吸湿性、耐热性及其热膨胀系数的大小而提高张力赋予性。
为了确保P-O-P、Si-O-Si的网络结构彼此稳定，需要含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种金属元素。
另外，本发明的绝缘被膜可以具有除上述以外的金属元素。作为上述金属元素，可举出Li、Zr、Na、K、Hf、Ti、W。
应予说明，绝缘被膜中是否含有上述元素可以通过例如荧光X射线分析、GD-OES(辉光放电发射光谱分析)进行判别。
本发明的绝缘被膜例如可以通过将混合有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co的磷酸盐中的至少1种、胶体二氧化硅和可任意使用的添加物的处理液例如涂布于方向性电磁钢板的表面，接着，进行烧结处理而得到由如上所述的构成形成的绝缘被膜。为了提高处理液中的相容性、分散性，可以对胶体二氧化硅的二氧化硅表面进行Al等的表面处理，也可以向胶体溶液中适当添加铝酸盐等分散剂。另外，作为磷酸盐的种类，磷酸二氢盐(重磷酸盐，重リン酸塩)容易获得，可以优选使用。
作为上述可任意使用的添加物，没有特别限定，可举出Li2O、NaOH、K2SO4、TiOSO4·nH2O、ZrO2、HfO2、Na2WO4等，优选Li2O、ZrO2。
另外，处理液中的磷酸盐与胶体二氧化硅的含有比例以固体物质换算计，相对于磷酸盐100质量份，优选胶体二氧化硅50～150质量份，更优选50～120质量份。另外，使用任意添加物时，上述添加物的含量以固体物质换算计，相对于磷酸盐100质量份，上述添加物优选1.0～15质量份，更优选2.0～10质量份。
绝缘被膜的结晶度为20％以上。
一般，对方向性电磁钢板施加以磷酸盐为主体的玻璃质的绝缘被膜。该绝缘被膜在800℃～1000℃这样的高温下形成。通过使绝缘被膜的热膨胀系数小于钢板，能够在绝缘被膜烧结后对钢板施加拉伸应力。绝缘被膜通常是玻璃质的，但通过使低热膨胀系数的晶相分散在玻璃中，能够实现更低的热膨胀。
根据上述的观点，本发明中，使绝缘被膜中含有结晶度为20％以上的晶相用以改善对钢板赋予的张力。为了充分降低绝缘被膜的热膨胀系数，需要使结晶度为20％以上。结晶度的上限可以为100％，即可以都为晶相。然而，从耐腐蚀性等的观点考虑，优选为80％以下。进一步优选为60％以下。
应予说明，结晶度是指绝缘被膜中的晶相的比例，结晶度可以通过以下方法而求出，即X射线衍射的方法；或者用酸、碱或温水等对绝缘被膜进行轻微蚀刻，利用玻璃相与晶相的蚀刻速度的差异并观察表面的凹凸而求出其面积率的方法等。从能够简便地进行测定的观点考虑，优选后者的方法。
可以通过控制进行烧结处理时的到烧结温度之前的升温速度、烧结温度、烧结时间等来得到所希望的结晶度。
在以磷酸盐为主体的玻璃质的绝缘被膜中最简易地使低热膨胀的晶相析出的方法为利用热处理等进行结晶化的专利文献3、4中公开的方法。该方法中主要析出焦磷酸盐(Mg2P2O7、Ni2P2O7等)的结晶。对于这些焦磷酸盐，例如Mg2P2O7的25℃～1000℃的平均热膨胀系数表现为43×10－7(℃－1)这样非常小的值，因此大大有助于减小绝缘被膜的热膨胀系数。然而，Mg2P2O7在室温～70℃左右的温度下发生结构相位错而收缩，因此100℃～1000℃的平均热膨胀系数变大为70×10－7(℃－1)。在该收缩的影响下在100℃附近的对钢板的赋予张力会大大降低。
变压器的铁芯浸渍于绝缘油，在运行中因铁损、铜损等能量损耗而使该绝缘油升温到150℃左右的温度。因此，有助于实际使用状态下的噪音的是100℃～200℃的温度下的磁致伸缩的压缩应力特性。即便是以往的仅有玻璃相的绝缘被膜，也因温度上升而与室温下的张力相比引起少许的张力降低，其程度大致为(烧结温度－铁芯温度)÷(烧结温度－室温)左右，即便假设烧结温度为800℃，也为(800－150)/(800－25)＝0.84，降低大致16％左右。
该现象在焦磷酸盐中为常见的现象。但是，根据焦磷酸盐的种类而发生结构相位错的温度不同，因此优选析出结构相位错温度为200℃以上的焦磷酸盐(例如，Zr2P2O7、(MgCo)2P2O7、Co2P2O7)。
另外，出于避免结构相位错本身的目的，作为生成的晶相，进一步优选析出不是焦磷酸盐的其它低热膨胀晶相，例如，可举出堇青石、β-锂辉石、石英、锆石、磷酸锆系、磷酸钨系的晶相。
绝缘被膜的静摩擦系数优选为0.21～0.50，进一步优选为0.25～0.50。变压器的铁芯是将方向性电磁钢板层叠而制成的，钢板间的静摩擦系数越高，层叠体越一体化变形，因此铁芯的刚性提高，能够进一步将噪音抑制得较低。因此，优选0.21以上，进一步优选0.25以上。另一方面，在铁芯组装作业中需要滑动钢板来调整形状，在不怎么滑动的钢板中作业性差。因此，优选0.50以下。
作为静摩擦系数的调整方法，例如，可举出通过提高烧结温度或者延长时间来促进玻璃质的被膜的表面平滑化，降低粗糙度，增大钢板彼此的接触面积而提高静摩擦系数的方法。
静摩擦系数可以通过后述的实施例的方法进行测定。
从环境负荷的观点考虑，优选绝缘被膜不含Cr。本发明中，即便不含有Cr，也起到本发明的效果。不产生张力赋予不足、耐吸湿性的劣化、去应力退火时的熔合等问题。
绝缘被膜的平均膜厚优选4.5μm以下，进一步优选3.0μm以下。如果绝缘被膜的平均膜厚过厚，则钢板的占空系数降低，有效励磁磁通密度变高，磁致伸缩振动变大。因此，绝缘被膜的平均膜厚优选为4.5μm以下，进一步优选为3.0μm以下。
具有本发明的绝缘被膜的方向性电磁钢板通常在形成绝缘被膜前预先在表面形成以镁橄榄石为主体的陶瓷被膜，但也可以在其表面施加金属氮化物等其它陶瓷被膜(例如TiN、Si3N4等)，还可以在金属基体上直接施加本发明的被膜。
对本发明中的绝缘被膜形成方法的一个例子进行说明。对最终退火后的方向性电磁钢板，水洗除去多余的退火分离剂之后，根据需要进行去应力退火，进行酸洗处理、水洗处理等。接着，将绝缘被膜处理液涂布于钢板表面，进行烧结、干燥，在钢板表面形成绝缘被膜。作为最终退火后的方向性电磁钢板，具有镁橄榄石被膜的钢板、不具有镁橄榄石被膜的钢板均可以使用。绝缘被膜处理液只要使绝缘被膜中含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种和Si、P、O即可。对于烧结条件、干燥条件，为了使结晶度为20％以上，烧结温度优选为结晶温度+10℃以上～1100℃以下，进一步优选为1000℃以下。烧结时间优选为10秒～90秒。为了进行结晶，当然需要为由TG-DTA(热重-差热分析，Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis)求出的结晶温度以上，为了使结晶度为20％以上，优选以结晶温度+10℃以上进行烧结。另外，考虑到薄钢板的通板性时，优选为1100℃以下，进一步优选为1000℃以下。为了结晶化，烧结时间优选保持10秒以上，从经济性的观点考虑，优选为90秒以下。
实施例1
将由公知的方法所制造的板厚：0.23mm的最终退火后的方向性电磁钢板剪切成轧制方向300mm×轧制直角方向100mm的大小，水洗除去未反应的退火分离剂(以MgO为主成分的退火分离剂)后，进行去应力退火(800℃，2小时，N2气氛)。在去应力退火后的上述钢板表面形成镁橄榄石被膜。接着，用5质量％磷酸进行轻微酸洗。针对由此得到的方向性电磁钢板，将表1中示出的处理液(磷酸盐、胶体二氧化硅、任意的添加物)以烧结处理后的单位面积重量分别为8g/m2的方式涂布于钢板的两面后，以表1中示出的各种条件进行烧结处理。烧结处理时的气氛使用氮。
磷酸盐分别使用磷酸二氢盐水溶液，其量表示为经固体成分换算而得的量。
胶体二氧化硅使用株式会社ADEKA制AT-30，其量以SiO2的形式由固体成分换算表示。
平均膜厚
绝缘被膜的平均膜厚由利用SEM进行的切断面观察而算出单面的平均膜厚。
晶相的鉴定
晶相的鉴定利用X射线衍射法。
结晶度
结晶度的测定利用金刚石浆料研磨将试样的绝缘被膜表面精加工成镜面，在100℃的离子交换水中浸渍30分钟后，对表面进行SEM观察，将溶出的部分作为玻璃相(AG)，将未溶出的部分作为晶相(AC)，测定其面积，由结晶度R＝AC/(AC+AG)×100进行计算。
100℃～200℃的绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力
对钢板的赋予张力为轧制方向的张力，由使用碱、酸等将单面的绝缘被膜剥离后的钢板的翘曲量，使用下述式(1)进行计算。
对钢板的赋予张力[MPa]＝钢板杨氏模量[GPa]×板厚[mm]×翘曲量[mm]÷(翘曲测定长度[mm])2×103……式(1)
其中，钢板杨氏模量为132GPa。
对于100℃～200℃间的翘曲量的测定，将样品以20℃/hr的速度从100℃升温到200℃，使用翘曲量最小时的值(即，100℃～200℃间的最低赋予张力)。
静摩擦系数
静摩擦系数使用新东科学株式会社制静摩擦测定仪TYPE10进行测定。
变压器噪音(低噪音特性)
对于变压器的噪音，制作具有100kVA的容量的变压器，在距变压器主体1m的位置测定噪音进行评价。
根据以上结果，本发明例中，可以使变压器噪音为40dBA以下。
实施例2
将由公知的方法制造的板厚：0.27mm的最终退火后的方向性电磁钢板剪切成轧制方向300mm×轧制直角方向100mm的大小，水洗除去未反应的退火分离剂(以MgO为主成分的退火分离剂)后，进行去应力退火(800℃，2小时，N2气氛)。在去应力退火后的上述钢板表面形成镁橄榄石被膜。接着，用5质量％磷酸进行轻微酸洗。对这样得到的方向性电磁钢板，将表2中示出的处理液(磷酸盐、胶体二氧化硅、任意的CrO3和添加物)以烧结处理后的单位面积重量分别为12g/m2的方式涂布于两面后，以表2中示出的各种条件进行烧结处理。烧结处理时的气氛使用氮。
磷酸盐各使用磷酸二氢盐水溶液，其量表示经固体成分换算而得的量。
胶体二氧化硅使用日产化学工业株式会社制ST-C，其量以SiO2的形式由固体成分换算表示。
平均膜厚
对于绝缘被膜的平均膜厚，由利用SEM进行的切断面观察而算出单面的平均膜厚。
晶相的鉴定
晶相的鉴定使用X射线衍射法。
结晶度
对于结晶度的测定，利用金刚石浆料研磨将试样的绝缘被膜表面精加工成镜面，在100℃的离子交换水中浸渍30分钟后，对表面进行SEM观察，将溶出的部分作为玻璃相(AG)，将未溶出的部分作为晶相(AC)，测定其面积，由结晶度R＝AC/(AC+AG)×100进行计算。
100℃～200℃的上述绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力
对钢板的赋予张力为轧制方向的张力，由使用碱、酸等将单面的绝缘被膜剥离后的钢板的翘曲量，使用下述式(1)进行计算。
对钢板的赋予张力[MPa]＝钢板杨氏模量[GPa]×板厚[mm]×翘曲量[mm]÷(翘曲测定长度[mm])2×103……式(1)
其中，钢板杨氏模量为132GPa。
对于100℃～200℃间的翘曲量的测定，将样品以20℃/hr的速度从100℃升温到200℃，使用翘曲量最小时的值(即100℃～200℃间的最低赋予张力)。
静摩擦系数
静摩擦系数使用新东科学株式会社制静摩擦测定仪TYPE10进行测定。
变压器噪音
对于变压器的噪音，制作具有100kVA的容量的变压器，在距变压器主体1m的位置测定噪音而进行评价。
根据表2，可知无论绝缘被膜处理液含有Cr还是不含有Cr都能够在绝缘被膜的结晶度为20％以上且100℃～200℃的对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上时使变压器的噪音为40dBA以下。
实施例3
对绝缘被膜的平均膜厚给变压器的噪音所带来的影响进行调查。通过使用实施例2、表2中示出的No.1、No.2、No.3的处理液并使涂布量为表3所示来变更绝缘被膜的平均膜厚。作为形成绝缘被膜的供试钢板，使用通过以下方式而得的钢板，即将由公知的方法制造的板厚：0.20mm的最终退火后的方向性电磁钢板剪切成轧制方向300mm×轧制直角方向100mm的大小，除去未反应的退火分离剂(以MgO为主成分的退火分离剂)后，进行去应力退火(800℃，2小时，N2气氛)，将在表面形成有镁橄榄石被膜的钢板用5质量％磷酸进行轻微酸洗而得的钢板。
平均膜厚、晶相的鉴定、结晶度、100℃～200℃的上述被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力、静摩擦系数、变压器噪音利用与实施例2相同的方法进行测定。
根据表3，可知无论绝缘被膜处理液含有Cr还是不含有Cr都能够在绝缘被膜的结晶度为20％以上且100℃～200℃的对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上时使变压器的噪音为40dBA以下。
Claims (7)
1.一种方向性电磁钢板，具有绝缘被膜，所述绝缘被膜含有选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Co中的至少1种和Si、P、O，结晶度为20％以上，
且100℃～200℃的所述绝缘被膜对钢板的最低赋予张力为10MPa以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方向性电磁钢板，其中，所述绝缘被膜的静摩擦系数为0.21～0.50。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方向性电磁钢板，其中，所述绝缘被膜不含Cr。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方向性电磁钢板，其中，所述绝缘被膜的平均膜厚为4.5μm以下。
5.一种变压器的铁芯，是使用权利要求1～4中任一项所述的方向性电磁钢板而成的。
6.一种变压器，具备权利要求5所述的变压器的铁芯。
7.一种变压器的噪音的降低方法，是降低变压器的噪音的方法，
使用权利要求1～4中任一项所述的方向性电磁钢板作为构成该变压器的铁芯的方向性电磁钢板。
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| RU2676372C1 (ru) * | 2015-02-05 | 2018-12-28 | ДжФЕ СТИЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН | Лист электротехнической стали с ориентированной структурой, способ его производства и способ прогнозирования шумовых характеристик трансформатора |
| WO2016158325A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-06 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 絶縁被膜付き方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-11-17 WO PCT/JP2017/041463 patent/WO2018123339A1/ja unknown
- 2017-11-17 KR KR1020197018150A patent/KR20190086531A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2017-11-17 RU RU2019120073A patent/RU2716364C1/ru active
- 2017-11-17 EP EP17887457.4A patent/EP3533903B1/en active Active
- 2017-11-17 CN CN201780080754.4A patent/CN110114508A/zh active Pending
- 2017-11-17 KR KR1020217039703A patent/KR102459498B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-11-17 US US16/474,646 patent/US11894167B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007217758A (ja) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 方向性電磁鋼板とその絶縁被膜処理方法 |
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| WO2018123339A1 (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
| KR20210152009A (ko) | 2021-12-14 |
| EP3533903B1 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
| US20190333662A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
| RU2716364C1 (ru) | 2020-03-11 |
| JPWO2018123339A1 (ja) | 2018-12-27 |
| KR102459498B1 (ko) | 2022-10-26 |
| EP3533903A4 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
| US11894167B2 (en) | 2024-02-06 |
| JP6354076B1 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
| KR20190086531A (ko) | 2019-07-22 |
| EP3533903A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
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