CN1100756C - 成型制品作为制备己内酰胺催化剂的用途 - Google Patents
成型制品作为制备己内酰胺催化剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- -1 cyclic lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D201/00—Preparation, separation, purification or stabilisation of unsubstituted lactams
- C07D201/02—Preparation of lactams
- C07D201/08—Preparation of lactams from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. hydroxy carboxylic acids, lactones or nitriles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
主要含有催化活性氧化物的成型制品作为催化剂的应用,用于在固定床反应器中使氨基腈与水作液相反应,制备环内酰胺,该催化剂含有在反应条件下不可溶的组分,由成型制品构成,成型制品是通过将氧化物成型得到的,并且在所述的成型之前或之后,用基于氧化物计为0.1-30%(重量)的酸处理氧化物,在酸中氧化物是难溶的。
Description
本发明涉及主要含有催化活性氧化物的成型制品作为催化剂的用途,用于通过氨基腈与水反应制备环内酰胺。
OZ0050/44458公开了含有在反应条件下不可溶组分的成型制品作为催化剂的应用,用于通过在固定床反应器中使氨基腈与水在液相中反应,制备环内酰胺。该催化剂可含有多种氧化物、硒化物、碲化物和磷酸盐,例如该催化剂可通过挤压相应的化合物而得到。
借助成型制品,确实可制备出环内酰胺,但是其选择性和收率并不完全令人满意,尤其是在短的停留时间情况下,短的停留时间可产生高的空间-时间收率,从而可使反应器更小。
本发明的目的是,提供含有在反应条件下不可溶的组分的成型制品作为催化剂的应用,用于制备环内酰胺在固定床反应器中使氨基腈与水在液相中反应,该制备方法没有上述缺点。
我们发现,该目的可按照本发明通过下述方法实现,该方法中,主要含有催化活性氧化物的成型制品作为催化剂,用于在固定床反应器中使氨基腈与水作液相反应,制备环内酰胺,该催化剂含有在反应条件下不可溶的组分,由成型制品构成,成型制品是通过将氧化物制成成型制品得到的,并且在所述的成型之前或之后,用基于氧化物计为0.1-30%(重量)的酸处理氧化物,在酸中氧化物是难溶的。
本发明的应用的优选实施方案在下面说明。
R1和R2一般可以是任何类型的取代基,只是必须保证所需的环化反应不受这些取代基的影响。优选的R1和R2独立地是C1-C6烷基或C5-C7环烷基或C6-C12芳基。
特别优选的起始化合物是下列通式的氨基腈
H2N-(CH2)m-C≡N
其中m是3,4,5或6,尤其是5。当m=5时,起始化合物是6-氨基己腈。
在本发明的方法中使用多相催化剂,使上述氨基腈与水在液相中反应形成环内酰胺。使用式I的氨基腈产生了式II的相应环内酰胺其中n,m,R1和R2各自定义如上。特别优选的内酰胺是其中n是0和m是4,5或6,尤其是5的那些内酰胺(己内酰胺是在后一种情况下得到的)。
该反应在下列条件下在液相中进行:温度一般为140-320℃,优选160-280℃;压力为1-250巴,优选5-150巴,但必须保证该混合物在所使用的条件下主要是液态。停留时间通常为1-120,优选为1-90,尤其为1-60分钟。在某些情况下,已证明1-10分钟的停留时间是完全适当的。
每摩尔氨基腈所用的水量通常是只是0.01摩尔,优选为0.1-20摩尔,尤其为1-5摩尔。
优选使用的氨基腈形式是在水(在这种情况下溶剂也是反应物)或水/溶剂混合物中浓度为1-50%(重量),尤其是5-50%(重量),特别优选5-30%(重量)的溶液。适合的溶剂的例子是链烷醇如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇,和多元醇如乙二醇和四甘醇,烃类如石油醚、苯、甲苯、二甲苯,内酰胺如吡咯烷酮或己内酰胺,或烷基取代的内酰胺如N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基己内酰胺或N-乙基己内酰胺,还可以是羧酸酯,优选具有1-8个碳原子的羧酸。氨也可以存在于反应中。还可以使用有机溶剂的混合物。已经发现在某些情况下,以水/链烷醇重量比为1-75/25-99,优选1-50/50-99的水和链烷醇的混合物是特别有利的。
同样地,氨基腈一般除可以用作反应物外,还可用作溶剂。
所用的催化活性氧化物可以是,例如酸性、两性或碱性氧化物,优选氧化铝,例如α-或γ-氧化铝,氧化锡,氧化锌,氧化铈,尤其是二氧化钛,非晶形的如锐钛矿和金红石,和它们的混合物和混合相。
上述化合物可以掺有或含有元素周期表的1-7主族的,尤其是2,3或4主族的,1-7过渡族的,铁系或镧系或锕系元素的化合物及其混合物。
如果需要的话,在每种情况下,这些催化剂可以含有高达50%(重量)的铜、锡、锌、锰、铁、钴、镍、钌、钯、铂、银或铑。
这些催化活性氧化物可用常规方法制备,例如通过相应的有机物,醇盐,盐与有机或无机酸水解反应,然后加热或焙烧,尤其是在二氧化钛的情况下最好通过热解反应,这些氧化物通常是市售的。
根据本发明,在成型之前或之后用酸处理氧化物。适合的酸包括有机酸如乙酸,草酸,丙酸,丁酸,马来酸,或无机酸如同多酸,杂多酸,硫酸或盐酸。用乙酸,甲酸,硝酸,尤其是磷酸或聚磷酸处理,可得到特别适合的催化剂。
也可以使用酸的混合物。
可以在一个或多个步骤中连续或间歇进行该处理。个别步骤可以用相同的酸、不同的酸或酸的同一或不同混合物进行。
同样地,在成型之前和之后可以用上述形式的酸处理氧化物。
优选的是,在成型之前用酸处理氧化物。
基于热解法二氧化钛计,根据本发明所用的酸量为0.1-30%,优选0.1-10%,尤其是0.1-5%(重量)(以纯酸计)。该酸可以与液体稀释剂如水混合。
该催化剂可在无添加剂的情况下由氧化物制备。同样也可以加入添加剂如粘合剂,例如二氧化钛凝胶,所用氧化物的盐,可溶性钛盐化合物,可水解的化合物如钛的醇盐或铝盐,例如成孔剂如甲基纤维素,碳纤维,有机聚合物的纤维,蜜胺,淀粉,优选在成型之前加入这些添加剂。
成型制品可以以各种形式存在,例如小球,片,圆柱,空心圆柱,丸,颗粒或条形。这种成型制品可用常规方法、使用适合的成型机制备,例如压片机,挤压机,旋转造粒机,造粒机或它们的组合装置。
如果需要的话,在酸处理之后,最好对成型物干燥,尤其是在20-120℃,优选在惰性气氛或空气中干燥,然后特别是在400-750℃,优选在惰性气氛或空气中焙烧。
将多相催化剂放在固定床中,以常规的方式进行反应,例如以下流或上流方式,尤其是连续方式,将反应混合物与催化剂床接触。
本发明方法的优点是能够以简单的方式循环而连续操作,并具有高的生产能力、高的收率和选择性以及短的停留时间。由于观察至今的催化剂具有长的寿命,因此得到了极低的催化剂消耗。
实施例1:制备热解法二氧化钛挤条物(甲酸)
将8350g金红石/锐钛矿为80/20的热解法二氧化钛粉末与47g85%甲酸和3750g水捏合3小时,然后在70巴压制压力下压制成4mm挤条物。挤条物在120℃下干燥16小时,然后在500℃下焙烧3小时。
分析挤条物:
密度 989g/l
吸水量 0.31ml/g
切削硬度 25N
表面积 37m2/g
实施例2:制备热解法二氧化钛挤条物(磷酸)
将1950g沉淀的二氧化钛粉末(锐钛矿)与60g浓磷酸和900g水捏合3小时,然后在70巴压制压力下压制成1.5mm挤条物。挤条物在120℃下干燥6小时,然后在350℃下焙烧5小时。
分析挤条物:
密度 722g/l
吸水量 0.46ml/g
表面积 204m2/g
实施例3:制备热解法二氧化钛挤条物(硝酸)
将11000g沉淀的二氧化钛粉末(锐钛矿)与420g浓磷酸和3650g水捏合2小时,然后在70巴压制压力下压制成3mm挤条物。挤条物在120℃下干燥6小时,然后在320℃下焙烧2小时,并在350℃下再焙烧3小时。
分析挤条物:
密度 919g/l
吸水量 0.32ml/g
切削硬度 25N
表面积 105m2/g
实施例4-16:6-氨基己腈转化成己内酰胺
将在表中所示重量比的、在水和乙醇中的6-氨基己腈(ACN)溶液通过25ml容量的加热管式反应器(直径6mm;长800mm),该反应器中装有表中所列的催化剂1-4,催化剂是破碎的颗粒形式。用气相色谱法分析离开反应器的产物物流。结果作为实施例列于表中。
产物物流除了含有己内酰胺以外,主要还含有ε-氨基己酸乙酯和ε-氨基己酰胺。这2个化合物同样可以环化形成己内酰胺。另外,该物流含有5-8%己内酰胺低聚物,该低聚物可裂化形成己内酰胺单体。
表
实施例 | 催化剂 | ACN(重量%) | 水(重量%) | 摩尔比ACN/H2O(%) | 乙醇(重量%) | 温度(℃) | 停留时间(分钟) | ACN转化率(%) | 己内酰胺选择性(%) |
4 | 1 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 21 | 99 | 89 |
5 | 1 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 8 | 99 | 92 |
6 | 1 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 5 | 99 | 88 |
7 | 2 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 180 | 30 | 93 | 93 |
8 | 2 | 10 | 6.4 | 4 | 83.6 | 180 | 30 | 92 | 92 |
9 | 2 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 10 | 100 | 93 |
10 | 2 | 10 | 6.4 | 4 | 83.6 | 230 | 10 | 100 | 91 |
11 | 3 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 22 | 99 | 88 |
12 | 3 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 9 | 99 | 92 |
13 | 3 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 5 | 96 | 90 |
14 | 4 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 20 | 100 | 91 |
15 | 4 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 8 | 96 | 92 |
16 | 4 | 10 | 3.2 | 2 | 86.8 | 230 | 5 | 87 | 90 |
催化剂1-4的制备类似于催化剂实施例1-3中记载的:
催化剂1:沉淀的二氧化钛与3%磷酸挤压成3mm挤条物,然后磨碎制成大小为1.0-1.5mm的颗粒
催化剂2:沉淀的二氧化钛与3%磷酸挤压成3mm挤条物
催化剂3:热解法二氧化钛与3%磷酸挤压成4mm挤条物,然后磨碎制成大小为1.6-2.0mm的颗粒
催化剂4:热解法二氧化钛与0.5%甲酸挤压成4mm挤条物,然后磨碎制成大小为1.6-2.0mm的颗粒
Claims (7)
1.主要含有催化活性氧化物的成型制品作为催化剂的应用,用于在固定床反应器中使氨基腈与水作液相反应,制备环内酰胺,该催化剂含有在反应条件下不可溶的组分,由成型制品构成,成型制品是通过将氧化物成型得到的,并且在所述的成型之前或之后,用基于氧化物计为0.1-30%(重量)的酸处理氧化物,在酸中氧化物是难溶的,催化活性氧化物是二氧化钛,氧化铝,氧化锡,氧化锌,氧化铈或其混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其特征在于,反应是在140-320℃温度下进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的应用,其特征在于,所用的氨基腈具有下列通式
H2N-(CH2)m-C≡N其中m是3,4,5或6。
4.根据权利要求3的应用,其特征在于,所用的氨基腈是6-氨基己腈。
5.根据权利要求1的应用,其特征在于,氨基腈以在水或水/有机溶剂混合物中浓度为1-50%(重量)的溶液形式使用。
6.根据权利要求1的应用,其特征在于,所用的酸是磷酸或聚磷酸。
7.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所用的酸是硝酸,乙酸或甲酸。
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CN1105650A (zh) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-07-26 | 赫罗伊斯石英玻璃有限公司 | 高二氧化硅含量的成型体及其制造方法 |
EP0670181A1 (de) * | 1994-02-23 | 1995-09-06 | Süd-Chemie Ag | Katalysator- bzw. Katalysatorträger-Formkörper |
US5484757A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-01-16 | Norton Chemical Process Products Corp. | Titania-based catalyst carriers |
CN1139920A (zh) * | 1993-11-20 | 1997-01-08 | Basf公司 | 己内酰胺的制造方法 |
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DE3217751A1 (de) * | 1982-05-12 | 1983-11-17 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Presslinge aus pyrogen hergestelltem titandioxid, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung |
DE3534741A1 (de) * | 1985-09-28 | 1987-04-09 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur entfernung von schwefelverbindungen aus gasstroemen |
DE3823213A1 (de) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-11 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von caprolacton |
DE4142897A1 (de) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-06-24 | Sued Chemie Ag | Katalysator-formkoerper |
DE19517821A1 (de) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-11-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Caprolactam |
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CN1139920A (zh) * | 1993-11-20 | 1997-01-08 | Basf公司 | 己内酰胺的制造方法 |
EP0670181A1 (de) * | 1994-02-23 | 1995-09-06 | Süd-Chemie Ag | Katalysator- bzw. Katalysatorträger-Formkörper |
US5484757A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-01-16 | Norton Chemical Process Products Corp. | Titania-based catalyst carriers |
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