CN109892156A - A kind of control method of tea oil tree sooty mould - Google Patents
A kind of control method of tea oil tree sooty mould Download PDFInfo
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- CN109892156A CN109892156A CN201910157033.XA CN201910157033A CN109892156A CN 109892156 A CN109892156 A CN 109892156A CN 201910157033 A CN201910157033 A CN 201910157033A CN 109892156 A CN109892156 A CN 109892156A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control methods of tea oil tree sooty mould, method includes the following steps: selecting disease-resistant fine individual plant；It applies fertilizer to fine individual plant；Obtain the explant of oil tea fine individual plant；Oil tea tissue-cultured seedling is cultivated with the explant of acquisition；Oil tea tissue-cultured seedling is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row；The wide row in deep ploughing oil tea forest land；Planting peppermint and trimming oil tea branch are planted in the wide row in oil tea forest land；Aphid pasting boards are placed in camellia oleifera lam；Put honeybee in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam.Tea oil tree is handled by the above method, the generation of tea oil tree sooty mould can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the prevention and control field of economic forest pest and disease damage, especially a kind of control method of tea oil tree sooty mould.
Background technique
Sooty mould is caused by a kind of fungi of Ascomycotina gang pyrenomycetes Meliola.Cause of disease belongs to Deuteromycotina
Sooty moulds, mycelia crineous, beading are crawled in blade face.Conidium form multiplicity, unit cell, double born of the same parents or muriform.
It, can parasitic secretion and excretion to harmful organisms such as aphid, scale insect, tetranychids during sooty mould pathogen transmission
On object or on plant itself secretion, or colonizes on host and develop.The annual 3-6 month and the 9-11 month are morbidity peak period.Sooty mould
Mostly fall ill since plant lower blade, main to encroach on blade and branch, disease is generated in face of blade along master pulse before this, after by
Entire blade face is gradually covered, can all be covered with black coal powder on blade surface, branch even petiole when serious, lead to plant gradually
It is withered.Plum rain season, high temperature and humidity, concealment humidity are big, improper ventilation can aggravate to fall ill.Sooty mould germ with mycelium, point
Sick spore, ascospore are upper overwintering in portion and disease fallen leaves, and the next spring generates conidium, becomes the primary source of infection of next year.
Diseased plant blade face is covered with the mould layer of black after the onset, will affect the photosynthesis of blade, or even causes tree death.The disease
When severe disease, falls off totally in growth period leaf, causes tree is secondary in the fall to sprout leaf and next spring foliation is slow, weaken tree vigo(u)r,
Increment is seriously affected.
The processing method of existing sooty mould is mostly to use pesticide control, including spray lime sulfur, trithio Emulphors to plant
The toxic chemical agents such as agent, acephatemet missible oil, thiophanate methyl, Tuzet.The camellia oleifera fruit of tea oil tree growth, is tea-seed oil
Main raw material(s) sprays various chemical agents toxic, residual life is long during the growth process, will generate to the quality of tea-seed oil
The economic benefit of tea-seed oil can be greatly reduced in great influence.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of control methods of tea oil tree sooty mould, to obtain nothing
The method of public hazards, pollution-free, nontoxic prevention and treatment tea oil tree sooty mould.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of control method of tea oil tree sooty mould, comprising the following steps:
1) in the breeding camellia oleifera lam ground grown fine, without any prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is raw to reach 6-8 in camellia oleifera lam
When, fine individual plant is selected according to single plant oil tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould capacity index；Then it applies fertilizer, obtains excellent to single plant
The explant of single plant, explant is by Plant Tissue Breeding to obtain tea oil tree tissue-cultured seedling；
2) tea oil tree tissue-cultured seedling is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, the wide row of tea oil tree has been planted in deep ploughing, is carried out
It is exposed to the sun, then plants planting peppermint on the forest land after deep ploughing is exposed to the sun；Peppermint is gathered in once every year；
3) 2-3 oil generation tea tree is done surely, Pruning and rectifying is carried out to tea oil tree every year afterwards；
By aforesaid operations, the prevention and treatment to tea oil tree sooty mould is realized.
Further, it digged pit in 2 months at fine individual plant 40-50cm, after every plant is applied fermentation when fertilising in step 1)
Pig manure 0.5-1kg and urea 50-100g, rear soil covering.
Further, after step 1) is applied fertilizer 10 days, the part major branch that oil tea fine individual plant is truncated at high 60-80cm is being set,
When sprouting sprouting 5-10cm out wait be truncated around branch, explant of the spray as oil tea tissue culture is acquired.
Further, when wide row and narrow row are alternately planted in step 2), the plantation specification of narrow row is 2.5m (line-spacing) × 3m
(spacing in the rows), the plantation specification of wide row are 5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows).
Further, when planting planting peppermint in step 2) in camellia oleifera lam wide row, plantation specification is 10cm (spacing in the rows) × 30cm
(line-spacing).
Further, in step 3), when Pruning and rectifying, the oil tea treelet raw to 2-3, in 40cm~50cm eminence truncation
Fixed dry, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 branch cultures are major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter every year
Pruning and rectifying is carried out to tea oil tree, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, friendship
Pitch branch and sick branch.
Further, it after oil tea is surely dry, is stood on 0.6 meter × 0.6 meter of orange-yellow aphid pasting boards the annual 3-9 month
In the wide row of camellia oleifera lam.
Further, it is that 45 parts of rosin, 50 parts of soybean oil and 5 parts of paraffin add that the pasting boards, which are by mass fraction,
After heat of solution mixing, uniformly it is applied on the plastic plate of yellow manufactured.
Further, after oil tea is surely dry, annual October to next year 2 months, apis cerana is put in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam.
Further, average every 2 mu of camellia oleifera lams put a beehive, and each beehive supports 10000-20000 apis cerana.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. selecting fine individual plant according to single plant oil tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould capacity index, then obtaining explant and lead to
The mode for crossing tissue culture breeds into oil tea tissue-cultured seedling.The oil tea seedling that this method obtains has stronger anti-sooty mould ability.
2. tea oil tree tissue-cultured seedling is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, innovative point is: first, convenient for tractor into
Enter wide row turning in and plough forest land, increase the gas permeability of soil, promotes oil tea plant strain growth, to have stronger resistance to sooty mould；The
Two, the obscurity of wide row is lower, convenient for planting other crops in wide row, to obtain sunlight required for plant growth；Third,
Wide row and narrow row are alternately planted, and have more sufficient sunlight to be radiated on forest land, promote oil tea plant strain growth, with to sooty mould have compared with
Strong resistance, while sufficient sunlight can reduce the living environment of trialeurodes vaporariorum.
3. planting planting peppermint in camellia oleifera lam wide row, peppermint stem and leaf contains special fragrance, has the function of driving trialeurodes vaporariorum,
To mitigate the propagation of sooty mould.
4. removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, the living environment of trialeurodes vaporariorum can be reduced.
5. containing more soybean oil in the main component of orange-yellow aphid pasting boards, the sooty moulds such as induction trialeurodes vaporariorum are propagated
Pest comes feeding, to paste onboard.
It is because this period is exactly that oil tea blooms 6. annual October to next year 2 months, putting apis cerana in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam
Time, apis cerana have stronger winter resistance, the sooty moulds such as gathering honey and feeding trialeurodes vaporariorum can propagate pest in winter.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated.
Embodiment 1: it was carried out in 2006 in Laibin city of Guangxi.Specific step is as follows:
(1) in the soft No. 2 camellia oleifera lams ground of a piece of Cen to grow fine, without any prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in soft No. 2 oil of Cen
When tea Linda is raw to 6-8, fine individual plant is selected according to indexs such as single plant oil tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould abilities.
(2) it digged pit in 2 months at fine individual plant 40-50cm, every plant of pig manure 1kg and urea 100g applied after fermentation,
And it is covered with soil.
(3) after fine individual plant is applied fertilizer 10 days, the part major branch that oil tea fine individual plant is truncated at high 60cm, branch to be truncated are being set
When sprouting sprouting 5-10cm out around item, explant of the spray as oil tea tissue culture is acquired.
(4) by the explant of above-mentioned acquisition, oil tea tissue-cultured seedling is obtained by Plant Tissue Breeding.
(5) it by the oil tea tissue-cultured seedling of above-mentioned acquisition, is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, wherein narrow row plantation specification is
2.5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows), it is 5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows) that wide row, which plants specification,.
(6) wide row of deep ploughing camellia oleifera lam, after deep ploughing, is exposed to the sun 20 under the sun.
(7) in the camellia oleifera lam of deep ploughing insolation, kind planting peppermint, plantation specification are 10cm (spacing in the rows) × 30cm (line-spacing) on the ground,
Harvesting is primary every year after plantation.
(8) it is done surely in the raw oil tea treelet 40cm~50cm eminence truncation of 2-3, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 orientation are reasonable
Branch culture be major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter once pruned to tea oil tree every year
Shaping, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch.
(9) after oil tea is surely dry, the annual 3-9 month width of camellia oleifera lam is stood on 0.6 meter × 0.6 meter of orange-yellow pasting boards
On row, it is after 45 parts of rosin, 50 parts of soybean oil and 5 parts of heating paraffin dissolve mixing, that pasting boards, which are by mass fraction,
It is even be applied on the plastic plate of yellow made of.
(10) after oil tea is surely dry, annual October to next year 2 months, apis cerana is put in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam, average every 2 mu of camellia oleifera lams
A beehive is put, each beehive supports about 10000-20000 apis cerana.
Embodiment 2: it was carried out in 2011 in Laibin city of Guangxi.Specific step is as follows:
(1) it by the soft No. 2 oil tea seedlings of Cen, is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, wherein narrow row plantation specification is 2.5m (row
Away from) × 3m (spacing in the rows), it is 5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows) that wide row, which plants specification,.
(2) wide row of deep ploughing camellia oleifera lam, after deep ploughing, is exposed to the sun 20 under the sun.
(3) in the camellia oleifera lam of deep ploughing insolation, kind planting peppermint, plantation specification are 10cm (spacing in the rows) × 30cm (line-spacing) on the ground,
Harvesting is primary every year after plantation.
(4) it is done surely in the raw oil tea treelet 40cm~50cm eminence truncation of 2-3, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 orientation are reasonable
Branch culture be major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter once pruned to tea oil tree every year
Shaping, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch.
(5) after oil tea is surely dry, the annual 3-9 month width of camellia oleifera lam is stood on 0.6 meter × 0.6 meter of orange-yellow pasting boards
On row, it is after 45 parts of rosin, 50 parts of soybean oil and 5 parts of heating paraffin dissolve mixing, that pasting boards, which are by mass fraction,
It is even be applied on the plastic plate of yellow made of.
(6) after oil tea is surely dry, annual October to next year 2 months, apis cerana is put in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam, average every 2 mu of camellia oleifera lams
A beehive is put, each beehive supports about 10000-20000 apis cerana.
Embodiment 3: it was carried out in 2006 in Laibin city of Guangxi.Specific step is as follows:
(1) in the soft No. 2 camellia oleifera lams ground of a piece of Cen to grow fine, without any prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in soft No. 2 oil of Cen
When tea Linda is raw to 6-8, fine individual plant is selected according to indexs such as single plant oil tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould abilities.
(2) it digged pit in 2 months at fine individual plant 40-50cm, every plant of pig manure 1kg and urea 100g applied after fermentation,
And it is covered with soil.
(3) after fine individual plant is applied fertilizer 10 days, the part major branch that oil tea fine individual plant is truncated at high 60cm, branch to be truncated are being set
When sprouting sprouting 5-10cm out around item, explant of the spray as oil tea tissue culture is acquired.
(4) by the explant of above-mentioned acquisition, oil tea tissue-cultured seedling is obtained by Plant Tissue Breeding.
(5) it by the oil tea tissue-cultured seedling of above-mentioned acquisition, is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, wherein narrow row plantation specification is
2.5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows), it is 5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows) that wide row, which plants specification,.
(6) it is done surely in the raw oil tea treelet 40cm~50cm eminence truncation of 2-3, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 orientation are reasonable
Branch culture be major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter once pruned to tea oil tree every year
Shaping, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch.
(7) after oil tea is surely dry, the annual 3-9 month width of camellia oleifera lam is stood on 0.6 meter × 0.6 meter of orange-yellow pasting boards
On row, it is after 45 parts of rosin, 50 parts of soybean oil and 5 parts of heating paraffin dissolve mixing, that pasting boards, which are by mass fraction,
It is even be applied on the plastic plate of yellow made of.
(8) after oil tea is surely dry, annual October to next year 2 months, apis cerana is put in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam, average every 2 mu of camellia oleifera lams
A beehive is put, each beehive supports about 10000-20000 apis cerana.
Embodiment 4: it was carried out in 2006 in Laibin city of Guangxi.Specific step is as follows:
(1) in the soft No. 2 camellia oleifera lams ground of a piece of Cen to grow fine, without any prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in soft No. 2 oil of Cen
When tea Linda is raw to 6-8, fine individual plant is selected according to indexs such as single plant oil tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould abilities.
(2) it digged pit in 2 months at fine individual plant 40-50cm, every plant of pig manure 1kg and urea 100g applied after fermentation,
And it is covered with soil.
(3) after fine individual plant is applied fertilizer 10 days, the part major branch that oil tea fine individual plant is truncated at high 60cm, branch to be truncated are being set
When sprouting sprouting 5-10cm out around item, explant of the spray as oil tea tissue culture is acquired.
(4) by the explant of above-mentioned acquisition, oil tea tissue-cultured seedling is obtained by Plant Tissue Breeding.
(5) it by the oil tea tissue-cultured seedling of above-mentioned acquisition, is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, wherein narrow row plantation specification is
2.5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows), it is 5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows) that wide row, which plants specification,.
(6) wide row of deep ploughing camellia oleifera lam, after deep ploughing, is exposed to the sun 20 under the sun.
(7) in the camellia oleifera lam of deep ploughing insolation, kind planting peppermint, plantation specification are 10cm (spacing in the rows) × 30cm (line-spacing) on the ground,
Harvesting is primary every year after plantation.
(8) it is done surely in the raw oil tea treelet 40cm~50cm eminence truncation of 2-3, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 orientation are reasonable
Branch culture be major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter once pruned to tea oil tree every year
Shaping, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch.
(9) after oil tea is surely dry, annual October to next year 2 months, apis cerana is put in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam, average every 2 mu of camellia oleifera lams
A beehive is put, each beehive supports about 10000-20000 apis cerana.
Embodiment 5: it was carried out in 2006 in Laibin city of Guangxi Xingbin District.Specific step is as follows:
(1) in the soft No. 2 camellia oleifera lams ground of a piece of Cen to grow fine, without any prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in soft No. 2 oil of Cen
When tea Linda is raw to 6-8, fine individual plant is selected according to indexs such as single plant oil tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould abilities.
(2) it digged pit in 2 months at fine individual plant 40-50cm, every plant of pig manure 1kg and urea 100g applied after fermentation,
And it is covered with soil.
(3) after fine individual plant is applied fertilizer 10 days, the part major branch that oil tea fine individual plant is truncated at high 60cm, branch to be truncated are being set
When sprouting sprouting 5-10cm out around item, explant of the spray as oil tea tissue culture is acquired.
(4) by the explant of above-mentioned acquisition, oil tea tissue-cultured seedling is obtained by Plant Tissue Breeding.
(5) it by the oil tea tissue-cultured seedling of above-mentioned acquisition, is alternately planted according to wide row and narrow row, wherein narrow row plantation specification is
2.5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows), it is 5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows) that wide row, which plants specification,.
(6) wide row of deep ploughing camellia oleifera lam, after deep ploughing, is exposed to the sun 20 under the sun.
(7) in the camellia oleifera lam of deep ploughing insolation, kind planting peppermint, plantation specification are 10cm (spacing in the rows) × 30cm (line-spacing) on the ground,
Harvesting is primary every year after plantation.
(8) it is done surely in the raw oil tea treelet 40cm~50cm eminence truncation of 2-3, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 orientation are reasonable
Branch culture be major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter once pruned to tea oil tree every year
Shaping, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch.
(9) after oil tea is surely dry, the annual 3-9 month width of camellia oleifera lam is stood on 0.6 meter × 0.6 meter of orange-yellow pasting boards
On row, it is after 45 parts of rosin, 50 parts of soybean oil and 5 parts of heating paraffin dissolve mixing, that pasting boards, which are by mass fraction,
It is even be applied on the plastic plate of yellow made of.
Control group: 2012, soft No. 2 oil teas of Cen are planted on the same forest land of embodiment 1.Specific step is as follows:
(1) oil tea is planted, plantation specification is 3.5m (line-spacing) × 3m (spacing in the rows).
(2) it is done surely in the raw oil tea treelet 40cm~50cm eminence truncation of 2-3, a Nian Houxuan 3~4 orientation are reasonable
Branch culture be major branch, and select 2-3 branch to do side shoot on each major branch, hereafter once pruned to tea oil tree every year
Shaping, removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation and penetrating light, amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch.
Different treatments are shown in Table 1 to the incidence comparative analysis of oil tea sooty mould:
Table 1: incidence comparative analysis of the Different treatments to oil tea sooty mould
Conclusion: selecting disease-resistant fine individual plant and obtains tissue-cultured seedling by tissue culture, upper kind planting peppermint in oil tea forest land, in oil
Aphid pasting boards are placed in tea woods, put the methods of honeybee in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam, and certain effect is generated to prevention and treatment oil tea sooty mould
Fruit.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and are not construed as limitation of the invention, this hair
Bright protection scope should be with the technical solution of claim record, technical characteristic in the technical solution recorded including claim
Equivalents are protection scope.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of control method of tea oil tree sooty mould, which comprises the following steps:
1) in breeding camellia oleifera lam ground, without any prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, when camellia oleifera lam reaches 6-8 life, according to single plant oil
Tea fresh pod yield, anti-sooty mould capacity index select fine individual plant；Then it applies fertilizer to single plant, obtains the explant of fine individual plant,
Explant is by Plant Tissue Breeding to obtain tea oil tree tissue-cultured seedling；
2) tea oil tree tissue-cultured seedling alternately to be planted according to wide row and narrow row, the wide row of tea oil tree has been planted in deep ploughing, it is exposed to the sun,
Planting peppermint is planted on the forest land after deep ploughing is exposed to the sun again；Peppermint is gathered in once every year；
3) 2-3 oil generation tea tree is done surely, Pruning and rectifying is carried out to tea oil tree every year afterwards；
By aforesaid operations, the prevention and treatment to tea oil tree sooty mould is realized.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: when applying fertilizer in step 1), in 2 months apart from fine individual plant
It digs pit at 40-50cm, every plant of pig manure 0.5-1kg and urea 50-100g applied after fermentation, with soil covering after fertilising.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: being truncated at high 60-80cm after step 1) fertilising 10 days setting
The part major branch of oil tea fine individual plant when sprouting sprouting 5-10cm out wait be truncated around branch, acquires spray as oil tea tissue culture
Explant.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: narrow row is when wide row and narrow row are alternately planted in step 2
Line-spacing × spacing in the rows is 2.5m × 3m, and wide row is 5m × 3m.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: planting specification spacing in the rows in step 2 when wide row kind planting peppermint
× line-spacing is 10cm × 30cm.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized by: in step 3), when Pruning and rectifying, the oil tea raw to 2-3
Treelet does surely in 40cm~50cm eminence truncation, and a Nian Houxuan 3~4 branch cultures are major branch, and select on each major branch
2-3 branch does side shoot, hereafter carries out a Pruning and rectifying to tea oil tree every year, and removing overstocked branch in tree crown makes to set interior ventilation thoroughly
Light amputates mop floor branch, the branch of excessive growth, crossing branch and sick branch.
7. method described in -6 any one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: after oil tea is surely dry, the annual 3-9 month, with 0.6
Rice × 0.6 meter of orange-yellow aphid pasting boards are stood in the wide row of camellia oleifera lam.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized by: the pasting boards be by mass fraction be 45 parts rosin,
After 50 parts of soybean oil and the dissolution mixing of 5 parts of heating paraffin, uniformly it is applied on the plastic plate of yellow manufactured.
9. method described in -6 any one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: after oil tea is surely dry, annual October to next year 2
Month, apis cerana is put in a suitable place to breed in camellia oleifera lam.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized by: average every 2 mu of camellia oleifera lams put a beehive, each beehive
Support 10000-20000 apis cerana.
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