CN109874710B - Comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding pihuayu in rice field - Google Patents
Comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding pihuayu in rice field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive planting and breeding method for culturing pseudosciaena crocea in a rice field, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding of fishes and rice. The method combines measures such as field selection and construction, rice cultivation management, fry stocking and daily management and the like, has dual purposes in one field, and reduces cost and improves efficiency. According to the invention, rice planting and aquaculture are organically combined together, three-dimensional development is carried out, and an ecological comprehensive planting and breeding technology is developed, so that on one hand, fields dug in fishponds can be saved, and the effects of stabilizing grains and creating income can be achieved; on the other hand, the vital movement of the fish in the paddy field can increase the dissolved oxygen in the paddy field, improve the disease resistance of the paddy and reduce the use of pesticides. Meanwhile, the excrement of the fishes can provide necessary nutrients for the growth of the rice, promote the growth of the rice, reduce the use of fertilizers and improve the quality and the yield of the rice. The pseudosciaena crocea is competitive in quality through ecological breeding, and the economic benefit of the pseudosciaena crocea can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive planting and breeding method for culturing pseudosciaena crocea in a rice field, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding of fishes and rice.
Background
Pseudosciaena clavata (A. clavata)Rounded gudgeon) Belonging to the order Cyprinales, Cyprinaceae, genus Pseudosciaena. Commonly known as climbing tiger fish, sandhammer and flower-lining rod. Is a special demersal small fish in China and is widely distributed in main water systems, lakes, ditches and ponds in China. With the improvement of the living standard of human beings, the clavulis becomes an object for people to enjoy and breed, so that research on the ecological breeding technology is necessary.
The pike mainly takes freshwater copepods such as cyclops, chironomidae larvae, and ootheca, cladocera such as daphnia, aquatic insect larvae such as stachys sieboldii and plankton, rotifer, aquatic oligochaeta and a very small amount of aquatic vascular plants as food. The culture of the pseudosciaena crocea in the rice field is a comprehensive culture and culture technology of rice and fishery, and is an agricultural production mode of mutual dependence, mutual promotion and mutual combination of culture and culture of the rice and the fish.
The claviper eats aquatic organisms in the rice field, can meet the growth requirement of the claviper, can deinsectize organisms, also can loosen and cultivate the soil, and provides necessary nutrients for the growth of rice by excrement. The comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice and the fish reasonably utilizes the land and water surface resources, the biological and non-biological resources of the paddy field, and the symbiosis of various organisms, thereby fully realizing the high-efficiency healthy sustainable development of the system and the double promotion of the land benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding the clavuligerus in the rice field, the comprehensive planting and breeding technology reasonably utilizes land and water surface resources, biological and non-biological resources of the rice field, multiple organisms are symbiotic, and the efficient, healthy and sustainable development of the system and the double promotion of land benefits are fully realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is a comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding pseudosciaena crocea in a rice field, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selection and construction of field pieces: selecting a field block which is fertile in soil, sufficient and pollution-free in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, good in water retention and moisture retention and not suitable for being affected by drought and waterlogging disasters; arranging a fish groove and a fish slip in the field, arranging the circular fish slip at the intersection of the fish grooves, wherein the area of the fish slip accounts for 3.8-4.5% of the area of the rice field, the shape of the fish groove is determined according to the area and the shape of the field, and the area of the fish groove accounts for 5-6% of the area of the rice field; anti-escape facilities are arranged around the field, and the water inlet and the water outlet are simultaneously and independently established to form corresponding anti-escape facilities;
(2) cultivation and management of rice: the rice variety should be selected from hybrid rice variety with long growth period, strong disease resistance, strong tillering ability, high yield and high quality, and the row spacing is 5-10cm multiplied by 5-10cm when the rice is planted; fertilizing by adopting a one-time fertilization method;
(3) stocking the seedlings: selecting the fries which are disease-free, injury-free and healthy in constitution; the stocking specification and density are determined according to the field conditions of the rice field, such as the size of fish-farming water and whether bait is thrown or not, and stocking 8-10 days after rice field transplanting;
(4) daily management: feeding for 2 times in the whole day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -5% of the weight, the feeding amount is respectively carried out once at 8 am and 5 pm, and the feeding amount in the morning and the evening respectively accounts for 40% and 60% of the total feeding amount; feeding for 2-4 times per day in 7-12 months, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -5% of the body weight; the dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5.5mg/L, the pH is 7-8, the transparency is 30-50cm, and the adjustment is carried out according to specific conditions.
Further, the area of the field in the step (1) is 3-5 mu; raising the ridge to be 45-55cm higher than the surface of the cultivated layer in autumn and winter, so that the normal water storage depth of the rice field is 30-50cm, and the ridge thickness is more than 30-40 cm; the fish slip depth is 1.3-2.1m, and the water depth is 1-1.5 m; the fish ditch is 0.6-1.2m deep and 0.4-0.6m wide.
Further, the escape-proof facility in the step (1) is a polyethylene net with the bottom inserted with the bottom of the mud being 30-50cm, and the height of the escape-proof facility is 30-50 cm.
Further, digging the fish ditch and the fish slips in the step (1) before transplanting rice seedlings after preparing the land with water.
Further, when fertilizing in the step (2), applying decomposed farmyard manure of 600-1800 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer of 20-30 kg/mu and urea of 6-7 kg/mu before ploughing to form full-layer fertilization.
Further, before stocking, 60-100 kg/mu of quicklime water is sprayed when hot to thoroughly disinfect the fish ditches and fish slips; before stocking, the fry is soaked and washed by 4-5% salt water for 3-4 min.
Further, fry with the specification of 2-3cm are bred in the step (3), and the putting amount is 1-1.2 ten thousand tails per mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has two purposes by one ground, thereby reducing cost and improving efficiency. Organically combines rice planting and aquaculture together, develops three-dimensionally and develops an ecological comprehensive planting and breeding technology, on one hand, the field dug in a fishpond can be saved, and the effects of stabilizing grains and creating income can be achieved; on the other hand, the vital movement of the fish in the paddy field can increase the dissolved oxygen in the paddy field, improve the disease resistance of the paddy and reduce the use of pesticides. Meanwhile, the excrement of the fishes can provide necessary nutrients for the growth of the rice, promote the growth of the rice, reduce the use of fertilizers and improve the quality and the yield of the rice. The pseudosciaena crocea is competitive in quality through ecological breeding, and the economic benefit of the pseudosciaena crocea can be improved.
The invention is ecological, healthy and continuously developed. The standard field ridge of the comprehensive rice planting and breeding field is higher than the common rice field ridge by more than 50cm, and the standard field ridge has better water retention property, and the phenomena of water seepage and water leakage are generally avoided. During drought, the water stored in the field early can ensure the necessary water in the rice field and ensure the normal growth of rice. The fish cultured in the rice field can play a role in preventing and controlling pests, can obviously reduce the using amount of pesticides, and promotes the sustainable and healthy development of the rice field. Has strong functions of fertilizer preservation and weight gaining. With the growth acceleration of the plectropods in the rice field, the excrement is continuously increased, and the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the excrement are very rich, so that the nutrients of the soil in the rice field can be obviously increased, and the use of fertilizers is reduced.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Selection and construction of field pieces: selecting a field block which is fertile in soil, sufficient and pollution-free in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, good in water retention and moisture retention and not suitable for being affected by drought and waterlogging disasters; the area is about 4 mu for convenient manual operation and management. Thickening and reinforcing ridges: raising the ridge to about 50cm higher than the surface of the cultivated layer in autumn and winter to ensure that the normal water storage depth of the rice field is more than 30cm and the ridge thickness is more than 30 cm;
construction of fish sauce: and (3) arranging the fish slips at the intersection of the fish ditches to excavate circular fish slips, wherein the area accounts for 4.5 percent of the area of the rice field, the fish slips are 1.8m deep, and the water depth is 1.4 m. Building a fish ditch: the shape of the fish ditch is determined according to the area and the shape of the field, the fish ditch is generally dug into a shape like a Chinese character jing, the area accounts for 5 to 6 percent of the rice field, the depth is 0.8m, and the width is 0.4 to 0.6 m;
building escape-proof facilities: polyethylene nets are used for building escape-proof nets with the height of 50cm around the rice field, and mud is filled into the bottoms of the escape-proof nets with the height of 50cm, so that fish can escape from the escape-proof nets due to leaks, cracks, water leakage and ridge collapse. The water inlet and outlet are separately built corresponding escape-proof facilities at the same time. Digging fish ditch and fish sliding are carried out before transplanting after water preparation.
(2) Cultivation and management of rice: the hybrid rice variety with long growth period, strong disease resistance, strong tillering capacity, high yield and high quality should be selected for the rice variety. When the rice is planted, the rice needs to be reasonably and densely planted, and the plant-row spacing is generally 5cm multiplied by 5 cm. A one-time fertilization method is adopted, namely, 600 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 20 kg/mu of mixed phosphate fertilizer and 6 kg/mu of urea are fertilized, and meanwhile, a full-layer fertilization method is formed by fertilizing before ploughing, which is beneficial to the growth of plankton in rice and paddy fields.
(3) Stocking the seedlings: thoroughly sterilizing the fish channels and fish slips before stocking, and sprinkling 60 kg/mu of quicklime water before stocking the fish fries 20 days generally. Before stocking, the fry is washed with 4.5% salt water for 4min for disinfection and disease prevention. The fry is disease-free, injury-free and healthy; the stocking specification and density are determined according to the field conditions of the rice field, such as the size of fish-farming water bodies, whether bait is thrown or not and the like, and generally, the stocking specification is about 2.5cm of fry, 1-1.2 ten thousand tails per mu; generally, the plankton is released in 8-10 days after rice field transplanting, because the plankton grows in the first time of peak period.
(4) Daily management: according to the characteristics of feeding habits, the bait is fed according to the 'four-definite' principle of timing, positioning, quality and quantity, and is scientific and reasonable. The clavatus is a kind of insect-eating fish. After artificial domestication, the fish is fed for 2 times in the whole day, each time is at 8 am and 5 pm, the feeding amount in the morning and at the evening respectively accounts for 40% and 60% of the total feeding amount, and the feeding amount is 7-12 months, which is the fast feeding peak period of the pseudosciaena crocea, and the feeding amount and the feeding times can be properly increased. The demand of the bonito fish on water quality is higher, and the bonito fish is preferably stream water or mountain spring water which has no pollution and fresh water quality. The dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5.5mg/L, the pH is 7-8 which is slightly alkaline, the transparency is 50cm, and the adjustment is proper according to specific conditions. At least one inspection is carried out every day, the conditions of the rice and the fry are observed, the problems are found as soon as possible and solved in time. The disease of the plectranthus clavatus is less, the breeding concept of 'prevention is mainly taken as the main and prevention and control are mainly adhered to', the disease is controlled and eliminated in the sprouting state, the early discovery and the early solution are realized, and the use of medicines is reduced or avoided as much as possible.
Embodiment 2 a comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding pseudosciaena crocea in a rice field, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selection and construction of field pieces: selecting a field block which is fertile in soil, sufficient and pollution-free in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, good in water retention and moisture retention and not suitable for being affected by drought and waterlogging disasters; the area of the field is 3 mu; raising the ridge to be 45cm higher than the surface of the cultivated layer in autumn and winter, so that the normal water storage depth of the rice field is 30cm, and the ridge thickness is more than 30 cm;
arranging a fish ditch and a fish slip in the field block, arranging a circular fish slip at the intersection of the fish ditches, wherein the shape of the fish ditch is determined according to the area and the shape of the field block, and the area of the fish ditch accounts for 5 percent of the area of the rice field; the fish slips deep for 1.3m and the water depth is 1 m; the fish groove is 0.6m deep and 0.4m wide, and the fish chute area accounts for 3.8% of the rice field area.
Anti-escape facilities are arranged around the field, and the water inlet and the water outlet are simultaneously and independently established to form corresponding anti-escape facilities; the escape-proof facility is a polyethylene net with the bottom inserted into the bottom of the mud by 30m, and the height of the escape-proof facility is 30 cm. Digging the fish ditch and the fish slips before transplanting rice seedlings after soil preparation in water.
(2) Cultivation and management of rice: the rice variety should be selected from hybrid rice variety with long growth period, strong disease resistance, strong tillering capacity, high yield and high quality, and the row spacing is 10cm multiplied by 10cm when the rice is planted; fertilizing by adopting a one-time fertilization method; during fertilization, 1800 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 7 kg/mu of urea are applied, and simultaneously, full-layer fertilization is formed by applying the fertilizer before ploughing.
(3) Stocking the seedlings: thoroughly sterilizing the fish ditches and the fish slips 20 days before stocking by splashing hot quicklime water of 100 kg/mu; soaking and washing fish fry with 4% salt solution for 3min before stocking for sterilization and disease prevention; selecting the fries which are disease-free, injury-free and healthy in constitution; the stocking specification and density are determined according to the field conditions of the rice field such as the size of fish-farming water and whether bait is thrown or not, 2cm fish fries are stocked, the stocking amount is 1 ten thousand per mu, and stocking is carried out 10 days after rice field transplanting;
(4) daily management: feeding for 2 times all day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight, and the feeding amount is respectively once at 8 am and 5 pm, and the feeding amounts in the morning and the evening respectively account for 40% and 60% of the total feeding amount; when the fish is 7-12 months, the fish is in the feeding peak period, and the feeding amount and the feeding times can be properly increased. The demand of the bonito fish on water quality is higher, and the bonito fish is preferably stream water or mountain spring water which has no pollution and fresh water quality. The dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5.5mg/L, the pH is 7-8, the transparency is 30-50cm, and the adjustment is carried out according to specific conditions. At least one inspection is carried out every day, the conditions of the rice and the fry are observed, the problems are found as soon as possible and solved in time. The disease of the plectranthus clavatus is less, the breeding concept of 'prevention is mainly taken as the main and prevention and control are mainly adhered to', the disease is controlled and eliminated in the sprouting state, the early discovery and the early solution are realized, and the use of medicines is reduced or avoided as much as possible.
Embodiment 3 a comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding pseudosciaena crocea in a rice field, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selection and construction of field pieces: selecting a field block which is fertile in soil, sufficient and pollution-free in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, good in water retention and moisture retention and not suitable for being affected by drought and waterlogging disasters; the area of the field is 5 mu; raising the ridge to 55cm higher than the surface of the cultivated layer in autumn and winter to ensure that the normal water storage depth of the rice field is 50cm and the ridge thickness is more than 40 cm;
arranging a fish ditch and a fish slip in the field block, arranging a circular fish slip at the intersection of the fish ditches, wherein the shape of the fish ditch is determined according to the area and the shape of the field block, and the area of the fish ditch accounts for 4 percent of the area of the rice field; the fish slips deep for 1.8m and the water depth is 1.2 m; the fish groove is 0.8m deep and 0.5m wide, and the fish chute area accounts for 4% of the rice field area.
Anti-escape facilities are arranged around the field, and the water inlet and the water outlet are simultaneously and independently established to form corresponding anti-escape facilities; the escape-proof facility is a polyethylene net with the bottom inserted into the bottom of the mud by 40m, and the height of the escape-proof facility is 40 cm. Digging the fish ditch and the fish slips before transplanting rice seedlings after soil preparation in water.
(2) Cultivation and management of rice: the rice variety should be selected from hybrid rice variety with long growth period, strong disease resistance, strong tillering capacity, high yield and high quality, and the row spacing is 8cm multiplied by 8cm when the rice is planted; fertilizing by adopting a one-time fertilization method; during fertilization, 1200 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 25 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 6.5 kg/mu of urea are applied before ploughing to form full-layer fertilization.
(3) Stocking the seedlings: thoroughly sterilizing the fish ditches and the fish slips 20 days before stocking by splashing 80 kg/mu of quick lime water when the water is hot; before stocking, soaking and washing with 4.5% salt water for 3.5min for sterilizing and preventing diseases; selecting the fries which are disease-free, injury-free and healthy in constitution; the stocking specification and density are determined according to the field conditions of the rice field such as the size of fish-farming water and whether bait is thrown or not, 3cm fish fries are stocked, the stocking amount is 1-1.2 ten thousand tails/mu, and stocking is carried out after rice seedling transplanting in the rice field for 9 days;
(4) daily management: feeding for 2 times all day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight, and the feeding amount is respectively once at 8 am and 5 pm, and the feeding amounts in the morning and the evening respectively account for 40% and 60% of the total feeding amount; when the fish is 7-12 months, the fish is in the feeding peak period, and the feeding amount and the feeding times can be properly increased. The demand of the bonito fish on water quality is higher, and the bonito fish is preferably stream water or mountain spring water which has no pollution and fresh water quality. The dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5.5mg/L, and the pH is more alkaline, and the transparency is 50cm, and is adjusted according to specific conditions. At least one inspection is carried out every day, the conditions of the rice and the fry are observed, the problems are found as soon as possible and solved in time. The disease of the plectranthus clavatus is less, the breeding concept of 'prevention is mainly taken as the main and prevention and control are mainly adhered to', the disease is controlled and eliminated in the sprouting state, the early discovery and the early solution are realized, and the use of medicines is reduced or avoided as much as possible.
Claims (1)
1. A comprehensive planting and breeding method for breeding pihuayu in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) selection and construction of field pieces: selecting a field block which is fertile in soil, sufficient and pollution-free in water source, convenient to irrigate and drain, good in water retention and moisture retention and not suitable for being affected by drought and waterlogging disasters; arranging a fish groove and a fish slip in the field, arranging the circular fish slip at the intersection of the fish grooves, wherein the area of the fish slip accounts for 3.8-4.5% of the area of the rice field, the shape of the fish groove is determined according to the area and the shape of the field, and the area of the fish groove accounts for 5-6% of the area of the rice field; anti-escape facilities are arranged around the field, and the water inlet and the water outlet are simultaneously and independently established to form corresponding anti-escape facilities;
the area of the field is 3-5 mu; raising the ridge to be 45-55cm higher than the surface of the cultivated layer in autumn and winter, so that the normal water storage depth of the rice field is 30-50cm, and the ridge thickness is more than 30-40 cm; the fish slip depth is 1.3-2.1m, and the water depth is 1-1.5 m; the fish ditch is 0.6-1.2m deep and 0.4-0.6m wide;
the escape-proof facility is a polyethylene net with the bottom inserted with 30-50cm of mud bottom, and the height is 30-50 cm; digging the fish ditch and the fish chute before transplanting rice seedlings after soil preparation;
(2) cultivation and management of rice: the rice variety should be selected from hybrid rice variety with long growth period, strong disease resistance, strong tillering ability, high yield and high quality, and the row spacing is 5-10cm multiplied by 5-10cm when the rice is planted; fertilizing by adopting a one-time fertilization method; during fertilization, decomposed farmyard manure is applied at 600-1800 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer is applied at 20-30 kg/mu and urea is applied at 6-7 kg/mu simultaneously before ploughing to form full-layer fertilization;
(3) stocking the seedlings: selecting the fries which are disease-free, injury-free and healthy in constitution; the stocking specification and density are determined according to the size of fish farming water body and whether bait is thrown or not under the field condition of the rice field, and stocking is carried out 8-10 days after rice field transplanting; before stocking, 60-100 kg/mu of quicklime water is used for sprinkling hot water to thoroughly disinfect the fish ditches and fish slimies; before stocking, the fry is soaked and washed for 3-4min by 4-5% of salt water; stocking 2-3 cm-sized fish fries, wherein the stocking amount is 1-1.2 ten thousand tails per mu;
(4) daily management: feeding for 2 times in the whole day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -5% of the weight, the feeding amount is respectively carried out once at 8 am and 5 pm, and the feeding amount in the morning and the evening respectively accounts for 40% and 60% of the total feeding amount; feeding for 2-4 times per day in 7-12 months, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -5% of the body weight; the dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5.5mg/L, the pH is 7-8, the transparency is 30-50cm, and the adjustment is carried out according to specific conditions.
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