CN109789516B - 不同材料的接合体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
不同材料的接合体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109789516B CN109789516B CN201780059747.6A CN201780059747A CN109789516B CN 109789516 B CN109789516 B CN 109789516B CN 201780059747 A CN201780059747 A CN 201780059747A CN 109789516 B CN109789516 B CN 109789516B
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- metal layer
- burr
- resin layer
- etch
- laser
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
提供了一种不同材料的接合结构,该结构包括金属层和树脂层,所述树脂层设置为触摸所述金属层的一个表面的顶部,其中所述金属层包括两个以上蚀刻槽和与所述蚀刻槽相邻并在所述金属层的表面上的两个以上凸起,所述凸起被设置成相对于所述金属层的所述表面形成锐角,所述树脂层填充所述蚀刻槽的内部、所述金属层的所述表面、以及所述凸起之间,以被固定到所述金属层,并且所述蚀刻槽的深度与所述蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为1:3至1:14。还提供了一种接合方法,该方法是不同材料的这种接合结构的生产方法,包括如下步骤:通过用激光照射所述金属材料的表面而形成多个蚀刻槽,接着在金属材料的表面上形成树脂层。
Description
技术领域
本说明书要求分别于2016年9月30日和2016年11月4日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2016-0127021号和第10-2016-0146953号的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
本发明涉及一种不同材料的接合体及其制造方法。
背景技术
通常,因为材料的独特物理特性和化学特性以及表面状态彼此不同,在大多数情况下,不同材料(例如金属和树脂)之间的接合不容易。试图接合不同材料的技术可通常可被分类为通过使用粘合剂粘合、机械上紧(mechanical tightening)、焊接、嵌件成型等。在这些技术中,使用粘合剂或粘合膜的方法具有使用方法简单的优点,从而该方法为被最广泛用作用于接合电子产品中的不同材料的代表性方法和经典方法。
当使用粘合膜时,利用的原理是根据放置在金属和塑料之间的尺寸切割粘合膜,然后在通过使用夹具施加热和压力的同时按压粘合膜,并将粘合膜冷却预定时间,使得粘合剂固化并产生粘合力。此外,通过使用诸如螺丝钉或铆钉的机械紧固工具执行机械上紧,并且引入从一般的机械接合工艺略微改动并应用的诸如自冲铆钉(self-piercing rivet)和铆接(clinching)的工艺,用于有效的不同材料接合。使用粘合剂的工艺和机械上紧工艺能够使不同材料以相对容易的方法接合,但在工艺过程中,在不同材料之间插入另一材料或者将接合部分原样露出到外部,从而近来提出了用于接合新的基础材料的新技术。
存在用于接合不同材料的各种技术,但在使用粘合膜的方法中,需要与涂覆粘合剂的工艺相比使用相对更高的热和压力的工艺,并且在高温高湿环境下水分引起的劣化速度增加,使得存在接合部分的强度损失增加的缺点。
此外,当使用粘合剂来接合不同材料时,接合温度为室温或者低于在应用使用粘合膜的方法时使用的温度,使得优点在于,接合部分不会由于热而退化,并且可以实现接合部分的高强度和气密性,但是在粘合剂和基础材料表面之间发生的湿现象对粘合强度产生很大影响,使得使用粘合剂的接合本质上需要通过对金属或塑料的表面进行适当的表面处理来改善粘合剂和基础材料表面之间的润湿性的工艺,为此,存在需要增加基础材料表面的能量或者需要降低粘合剂的表面张力的问题。
使用机械紧固工具(例如螺丝钉或铆钉)的方法也是传统方法,并且机械紧固工具通常很重并且需要高使用成本,因此使用机械紧固工具的方法不符合现有技术的减轻重量的趋势。
由于在现有技术中不同材料接合方法具有前述问题,因此需要研究一种能够通过相对简单的工艺提高不同材料之间的接合力同时解决上述问题的方法。
[相关技术文献]
(专利文献)
(专利文献1)韩国专利第10-1499665号
发明内容
技术问题
本发明提供一种不同材料的接合体及其制造方法。
技术方案
本发明的示例性实施例提供一种不同材料的接合体,包括:金属层;以及树脂层,设置在所述金属层的一个表面上并与所述一个表面接触,其中,所述金属层包括两个以上蚀刻槽和设置在所述金属层的表面上并且邻近所述蚀刻槽的两个以上毛刺(burr),所述毛刺被设置成相对于所述金属层的所述表面形成锐角,所述树脂层通过填充所述蚀刻槽的内部、所述金属层的所述表面、以及所述毛刺之间而固定到所述金属层,并且所述蚀刻槽的深度与所述蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为1:3至1:14。
本发明的另一示例性实施例提供一种不同材料的接合体的制造方法。
本发明的示例性实施例提供一种不同材料的接合体的制造方法,所述方法包括:对金属层进行蚀刻以形成蚀刻金属层,其中通过用第一激光照射所述金属层的表面而在所述金属层的所述表面上形成蚀刻槽和毛刺;以及形成树脂层,其中所述树脂层形成在所述蚀刻金属层的一个表面上,其中,所述毛刺被设置成相对于所述金属层的所述表面形成锐角,所述树脂层通过填充所述蚀刻槽的内部、所述金属层的所述表面、以及所述毛刺之间而固定到所述金属层,并且所述蚀刻槽的深度与所述蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为1:3至1:14。
有益效果
根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以提高金属和树脂之间的粘合力。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以使不同材料接合工艺最少,并因此提高操作效率。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以提供一种不同材料的接合体,其能够确保使得空气不流通的气密性以及使得水不流通的水密性。
附图说明
图1A和图1B是分别是根据本发明示例性实施例的蚀刻金属层的表面的俯视图和通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察的金属层的视图;
图2是根据本发明示例性实施例的金属层的横向剖视图;
图3是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的通过使用激光将树脂层接合到金属层的表面的各种状态的图;
图4A和图4B分别是通过SEM拍摄的实例1和参考例1的侧表面的图像;
图5A和图5B分别是通过SEM拍摄的实例2和比较例1的侧表面的图像;
图6A至图6E分别是通过SEM拍摄的实例4、实例5和比较例2至4的侧表面的图像;
图7A至图7D分别是通过SEM拍摄的实例3和参考例2至4的侧表面的图像。
具体实施方式
在本说明书中,当称一构件位于另一构件“上”时,这包括在两个构件之间存在另一构件的情况以及该构件与该另一构件接触的情况。
在本说明书中,除非明确地进行了相反的描述,否则当称一部分“包括/包含”一构成元件时,这意味着可以进一步“包括/包含”另一构成元件,而不表示排除另一构成元件。
为了解决现有技术中接合不同材料的方法的问题,本发明人旨在通过处理金属表面来改善对不同材料的物理和化学接合力,从而完成了本发明。
本发明人使金属的表面具有特定的形式,特别地,使设置在金属层的表面上的毛刺具有特定的形状,以改善对诸如树脂的材料的物理和化学接合力,这不同于现有技术中的接合不同材料的方法。
在下文中,将更详细地描述本说明书。
本发明的示例性实施例提供一种不同材料的接合体,包括:金属层;以及树脂层,设置在金属层的一个表面上并与所述一个表面接触,其中,金属层包括两个以上蚀刻槽和设置在金属层的表面上并且邻近蚀刻槽的两个以上毛刺,毛刺被设置成相对于金属层的所述表面形成锐角,树脂层通过填充蚀刻槽的内部、金属层的所述表面、以及毛刺之间而固定到金属层,并且蚀刻槽的深度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为1:3至1:14。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以使用普通金属层作为金属层而没有特别的限制,但是可以使用通过激光照射容易形成图案并且具有优异的导热性的金属层,并且金属的实例可以包括纯金属(例如铝(Al)、钛(Ti)等)以及合金(例如不锈钢(STS))。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,只要金属层的形式能够实现激光蚀刻并且便于与树脂接合,金属层的形式没有特别的限制,并且金属层的形式例如可以是包括平面和曲面的柱形、以及多面体。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,树脂层可以由选自由聚丙烯(PP)树脂、聚酰胺(PA)树脂、聚苯醚(PPO)树脂和含增强材料的树脂组成的组中的一种或多种形成,但树脂层的种类不受限制。
此外,增强材料可以是选自由玻璃纤维、滑石和碳纤维组成的组中的一种或多种,但增强材料的种类不受限制。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,金属层可以包括两个以上蚀刻槽,并且可以包括设置在金属层的表面上同时邻近蚀刻槽的两个以上毛刺。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,毛刺可以设置在蚀刻槽的远端方向(distaldirection)上。具体地,毛刺可以设置在金属层的表面上,可以设置为邻近蚀刻槽,并且可以沿蚀刻槽的远端方向突出。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,毛刺可以在蚀刻槽的前进方向(progressdirection)上连续地或部分地不连续地设置。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,由于毛刺设置在蚀刻槽的远端方向上,并且金属层包括两个以上蚀刻槽,所以可以设置彼此面对的在一个蚀刻槽的远端方向上设置的毛刺和在邻近该一个蚀刻槽的另一个蚀刻槽的远端方向上设置的毛刺。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,金属层的一部分可以在金属层的表面上的蚀刻槽的中心轴的远端方向上熔化,以设置毛刺。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,除了设置有毛刺的部分之外,金属层的其余部分可以朝向形成有蚀刻槽的金属层内的蚀刻槽的中心轴熔化。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,毛刺可以相对于金属层的表面以锐角设置。具体地,设置在蚀刻槽的远端方向上的毛刺与金属层表面之间的角度可以是锐角。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,树脂层可以固定到金属层并填充在蚀刻槽的内部、金属层的表面、以及毛刺之间,以固定到金属层。具体地,树脂层可以填充在蚀刻槽的内部和由毛刺形成的栅栏(fence)的内部,以固定到金属层。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,蚀刻槽的深度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比可以是1:3至1:14,或1:3至1:13。在该范围内,树脂层可以充分地填充在蚀刻槽的内部,从而提高金属层和树脂层之间的接合力。
在本说明书中,蚀刻槽的入口的宽度可以指蚀刻槽在形成有蚀刻槽的金属层的表面的延长线上的宽度。
在本说明书中,蚀刻槽的深度可以指从一个蚀刻槽的最低点到金属层的延长线与该一个蚀刻槽的中心轴的交点的最大距离。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,蚀刻槽的入口的宽度可以是10μm以上且25μm以下,或10μm以上且20μm以下。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,蚀刻槽的深度可以是50μm以上且250μm以下、50μm以上且240μm以下、60μm以上且250μm以下、或60μm以上且240μm以下。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,蚀刻槽的中心的宽度可以是15μm以上且30μm以下、或20μm以上且30μm以下,并且蚀刻槽的中心的宽度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比可以是1:1.3至1:3。
在该范围内,树脂层可以充分地填充在蚀刻槽的内部,因此,可以提高金属层和树脂层之间的接合力。
在本说明书中,蚀刻槽的中心的宽度可以指作为蚀刻槽的深度的一半的点与蚀刻槽之间的最大距离。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,毛刺可以设置在蚀刻槽的远端方向上,并且毛刺和金属层的表面之间的角度可以是30°以上且80°以下。
在本说明书中,毛刺和金属层的表面之间的角度可以指设置在蚀刻槽的远端方向上的毛刺与金属层的表面之间的角度。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,从毛刺的一端到毛刺的另一端的长度可以是25μm以上且80μm以下、25μm以上且70μm以下、30μm以上且80μm以下、30μm以上且70μm以下、30μm以上且50μm以下、35μm以上且70μm以下、或35μm以上且50μm以下。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,毛刺的高度可以是30μm以上且100μm以下、30μm以上且90μm以下、40μm以上且100μm以下、40μm以上且90μm以下、40μm以上且80μm以下、50μm以上且90μm以下、或50μm以上且80μm以下。
在毛刺的长度和毛刺的高度的范围内,树脂层可以充分地供应并且可以以足够的接合力固定到金属层。
此外,在该范围内,可以保持不同材料的接合体的高张力值,可以利用栅栏结构容易地控制毛刺,并且可以确保不同材料的接合体的气密性和水密性。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,蚀刻槽的中心轴之间的距离可以是50μm以上且1000μm以下、50μm以上且800μm以下、80μm以上且1000μm以下、80μm以上且800μm以下、80μm以上且500μm以下、100μm以上且500μm以下、80μm以上且250μm以下、或100μm以上且250μm以下。
在该范围内,防止面对的毛刺合并,从而防止形成没有供应树脂层的中空空间结构,并且由蚀刻槽和毛刺形成的结构与树脂层之间的接合面积相对增加,从而实现足够的结合力。
在本说明书中,蚀刻槽的中心轴之间的距离可以指从具有最大深度的一个蚀刻槽的端部到另一个蚀刻槽的端部的距离。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,随着毛刺的高度变大并且蚀刻槽之间的间隙变小,金属层和树脂层之间的接合力可以增加。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,毛刺与金属层表面的角度可以是30°以上且80°以下、30°以上且70°以下、35°以上和80°以下、35°以上且70°以下、35°以上且60°以下、40°以上且70°以下、或40°以上且60°以下。
在该范围内,树脂层可以充分地填充毛刺之间的空间,树脂层可以充分地固定到金属层,并且金属层和树脂层之间的接合力可以最大化。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,金属层和树脂层之间的接合力可以是5MPa或更高、7MPa或更高、10MPa或更高、15MPa或更高、或20MPa或更高,并且金属层和树脂层之间的接合力可以根据树脂层的种类而不同。
在本说明书中,金属层和树脂层之间的接合力可以指树脂层对金属层的拉伸强度(tensile strength)和/或剪切强度(shearing strength)。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,一个蚀刻槽的前进方向可以与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向平行。此外,一个蚀刻槽的前进方向可以与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向以直角或斜角交叉。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,图1A和图1B分别示出了设置有蚀刻槽和毛刺的金属层的表面的示意图以及通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的金属层的表面的图像。
根据图1,可以确认当一个蚀刻槽10的前进方向X与另一个蚀刻槽10的前进方向Y以直角交叉时,在蚀刻槽的远端方向上设置的毛刺20连续地或不连续地设置在蚀刻槽10的前进方向X和Y上,并且由毛刺20围绕的空间30可以设置为正方形或矩形的形式。
此外,根据图1,金属层的表面可以具有格子(lattice)结构的形式。具体地,如图1所示,由于一个蚀刻槽的前进方向X与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向Y交叉(特别是正交),格子结构可以是由蚀刻槽10形成的结构。
如上所述,当通过一个蚀刻槽和另一个蚀刻槽在金属层的表面上形成具有格子结构的图案时,根据本发明示例性实施例的不同材料的接合体不仅可以实现金属层和树脂层之间的牢固接合力,也可以实现使得空气不流通的气密性和使得水不流通的水密性。
图2示出了根据本发明示例性实施例的金属层的侧表面的示意图。
根据图2,在金属层的表面上设置以微米(μm)为单位的蚀刻槽10,并且毛刺20a和20b可以在邻近蚀刻槽的同时设置在蚀刻槽的远端方向上。
此外,根据图2,毛刺可以以从金属层的表面向外推的形式设置在金属层的表面上,并且毛刺可以以突出的形式设置以远离蚀刻槽。
此外,根据图1和图2,设置在金属层表面上同时邻近一个蚀刻槽10的毛刺20b和设置在金属层表面上同时邻近另一个蚀刻槽的毛刺20c连续或不连续地设置成彼此面对,使得可以最终提供包括四个平面并且在其中形成有空间30的栅栏。
此外,根据图2,邻近设置在根据本发明示例性实施例的金属层中的一个蚀刻槽10的毛刺中的毛刺20b和邻近另一个蚀刻槽的毛刺中的毛刺20c连续地或不连续地设置成彼此面对,在另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向上设置的一对面对的毛刺(未示出)分别连接到由附图标记20b和20c表示的毛刺,从而可以提供其中形成有空间30的栅栏。
此外,当一个蚀刻槽的前进方向与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向正交时,一个蚀刻槽的前进方向的横截面形状可以与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向的横截面形状非常相似,但是当一个蚀刻槽的前进方向与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向倾斜交叉时,一个蚀刻槽的前进方向的横截面形状可能与另一个蚀刻槽的前进方向的横截面形状不同。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,不同材料的接合体可以实现或确保气密性(进气阻挡性能)和水密性(进水阻挡性能)。具体地,当金属层和树脂层接合而不形成孔时可以确保气密性。具体地,气密性可以通过在气动条件(pneumatic condition)下测量预定时间的压力损失来确认,并且可以根据用作不同材料的金属的种类和形式以及树脂的种类而不同,例如,在接合不同材料后,在30.52 PSIG(2bar)的气动条件下对不同材料的接合体进行30秒的测试的情况下,并且当压力损失满足0.057 PSIG以下时,可能意味着气密性得到保证。
本发明的另一示例性实施例提供了一种不同材料的接合体的制造方法。
本发明的示例性实施例提供了一种不同材料的接合体的制造方法,该方法包括:对金属层进行蚀刻以形成蚀刻金属层,其中通过用第一激光照射金属层的表面而在金属层的所述表面上形成蚀刻槽和毛刺;以及形成树脂层,其中树脂层形成在蚀刻金属层的一个表面上,其中,毛刺被设置成相对于金属层的所述表面形成锐角,树脂层通过填充蚀刻槽的内部、金属层的所述表面、以及毛刺之间而固定到金属层,并且蚀刻槽的深度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为1:3至1:14。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,照射在金属层表面上的第一激光可以通过照射在金属表面上而在金属表面上形成具有特定设计的图案。根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光可以照射在金属的表面上,使得蚀刻槽可以在第一激光的前进方向上形成。
也就是说,第一激光的前进方向可以对应于蚀刻槽的前进方向。
此外,可以在金属层的表面上照射两个以上第一激光,并且两个以上第一激光的前进方向可以彼此交叉。特别地,一个第一激光的前进方向可以与另一个第一激光的前进方向交叉。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,当通过照射一个第一激光和另一个第一激光以格子结构蚀刻金属层的表面时,从蚀刻金属层的表面向外推的毛刺可以在邻近蚀刻槽的同时沿蚀刻槽的远端方向从金属层的表面突出。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以根据第一激光的照射连续地或部分地不连续地设置毛刺。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,通过第一激光的照射,可以在金属层的表面上形成以微米(μm)为单位的蚀刻槽并且毛刺可以在邻近蚀刻槽的同时形成在蚀刻槽的远端方向上,蚀刻槽可以形成在第一激光的前进方向上,使得与分别在一个第一激光的前进方向上形成的蚀刻槽和在另一个第一激光的前进方向上形成的蚀刻槽邻近的毛刺连续地设置成彼此面对,因此可以最终形成包括四个平面并且在其中形成有空间的栅栏。
具体地,邻近一个蚀刻槽的毛刺中的一个毛刺和邻近另一个蚀刻槽的毛刺中的一个毛刺连续地设置成彼此面对,并且在另一个第一激光的前进方向上形成的一对面对的毛刺分别连接到其他毛刺,从而可以形成其中形成有空间的栅栏。
同时,当一个第一激光的前进方向与另一个第一激光的前进方向正交时,一个第一激光的前进方向的横截面形状可能与另一个第一激光的前进方向的横截面形状非常相似,但是当一个第一激光的前进方向与另一个第一激光的前进方向倾斜交叉时,一个第一激光的前进方向的横截面形状可能与另一个第一激光的前进方向的横截面形状不同。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,金属层、树脂层、蚀刻槽和毛刺如上所述。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的波长可以是1064nm。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的输出功率可以是20W以上且200W以下、20W以上且100W以下、20W以上且50W以下、或20 W以上且40 W以下。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的频率可以是30kHz或更高且600kHz或更低、30kHz或更高且200kHz或更低、40kHz或更高且600kHz或更低、或40kHz或更高且200kHz或更低。
在本说明书中,第一激光的频率可以表示每秒钟脉冲激光的振动次数。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的扫描速度可以是100mm/s以上且1000mm/s以下、100mm/s以上且400mm/s以下、200mm/s以上且1000mm/s以下、200mm/s以上且400mm/s以下、200mm/s以上且450mm/s以下、300mm/s以上且400mm/s以下、或300mm/s以上且450mm/s以下。
在本说明书中,脉冲激光的扫描速度可以表示行进的激光从一点到另一点的移动速度。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的照射次数可以是1次以上且10次以下、1次以上且8次以下、1次以上且4次以下、2次以上且10次以下、2次以上且8次以下、2次以上且4次以下、或4次以上且8次以下。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的脉冲宽度可以是15ns以上且220ns以下。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的光斑尺寸可以是15μm以上且50μm以下、25μm以上且50μm以下、30μm以上且50μm以下、或35μm以上且50μm以下。
在本说明书中,光斑尺寸(或光束尺寸)可以指从脉冲激光的焦点的一侧的端部到脉冲激光的焦点的另一侧的端部的最大距离。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的峰值输出功率可以是1.5kW以上且6kW以下、1.5kW以上且3.4kW以下、1.9kW以上且6kW以下、或1.9kW以上且3.4kW以下。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光的脉冲能量可以是0.1mJ以上且2mJ以下、0.1mJ以上且1mJ以下、0.5mJ以上且2mJ以下、或0.5mJ以上且1mJ以下。
在第一激光的照射条件下,可以实现蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口宽度、蚀刻槽的中心宽度、毛刺的长度、毛刺的高度的范围和在毛刺和金属层的表面之间形成的角度范围,从而增加金属层和树脂层之间的接合力。
具体地,在第一激光的能量条件下,从蚀刻槽的壁和蚀刻槽的入口蒸发的材料可以再冷凝,并且从金属层突出的毛刺可以相对粗略地形成,从而,可以形成金属层可以接合到树脂层的区域和锚固结构。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第一激光可以在深度方向上照射,并且金属层的一部分可以根据第一激光的照射而在金属层的表面上的蚀刻槽的中心轴的远端方向上熔化,以设置毛刺。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,除了根据第一激光的照射设置有毛刺的部分之外,金属层的其余部分可以朝向形成有蚀刻槽的金属层内的蚀刻槽的中心轴熔化。因此,可以形成具有相对窄的入口宽度的蚀刻槽。
具体地,金属层可以根据第一激光的照射而快速熔化,然后,熔化的金属层可以在第一激光的焦点移动的同时被冷却,并且熔化的金属层可以从邻近蚀刻槽的部分开始冷却,使得可以形成与其中心的宽度相比具有相对窄的入口宽度的蚀刻槽。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,金属层和树脂层的描述如上所述。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以通过将树脂涂覆到金属层的表面、蚀刻槽和毛刺中的每一个来执行树脂层的形成。具体地,可以通过使用表面被蚀刻的金属层作为模具,将树脂层涂覆到模具,并通过施加压力将树脂层接合到模具的方法来执行树脂层的形成(嵌件成型)。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以通过制备不同材料层压体(其中,树脂层设置在金属层的被蚀刻的一个表面上),并用第二激光照射该不同材料层压体来来执行树脂层的形成。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,通过第一激光的照射可以在金属层的表面上形成由蚀刻槽和毛刺形成的栅栏的内部空间,并且可以用第二激光照射不同材料层压体(其中树脂层设置在金属层的表面上),并且可以通过熔化树脂层将树脂层接合到金属层。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光可以在从树脂层到金属层的方向上发射。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光可以照射在并且聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面上。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以照射第二激光以穿透树脂层。
也就是说,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以在从树脂层到金属层的方向上照射第二激光,以穿透树脂层,并且第二激光聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面上。
因此,第二激光的能量可以在金属层中被吸收,并且第二激光的吸收能量可以被转换成热量,使得邻近金属层的表面的树脂层可以被熔化。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以在从金属层到树脂层的方向上照射第二激光。
此外,可以通过聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面的相对表面上来照射第二激光。
也就是说,根据本发明的示例性实施例,可以在从金属层到树脂层的方向上照射第二激光,并且第二激光聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面上。
因此,第二激光的能量可以在金属层中被吸收,并且第二激光的吸收能量可以被转换成热量,使得邻近金属层的表面的塑料树脂可以被熔化。
图3是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的通过第二激光的照射将树脂层接合到蚀刻金属层的表面的各种形式的图。
根据图3,图3A示出了在从树脂层到金属层的方向上照射第二激光,使得第二激光穿透树脂层,并且聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面上,而将树脂层接合(激光透射接合)到金属层的状态;并且图3B示出了在从金属层到树脂层的方向上照射第二激光,并且第二激光聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面的相对表面上,而将树脂层接合(激光热传导接合)到金属层的状态。
如上所述,在通过第一激光的照射将金属层的表面蚀刻之后,需要再次发射第二激光,使得金属层接合到树脂层,并且第二激光的照射的方法的示例可以包括图3中所示的激光透射接合和激光热传导接合。
此外,为了减少用于接合金属层和树脂层消耗的时间并通过热传导提高接合效率,如果需要,可以进一步将附加的热源(例如,激光器、加热器或热板)、冷却气体等供应给上部或下部。
激光透射接合(图3A)可以是在从树脂层到金属层的方向上将第二激光照射在不同材料层压体上,以穿透树脂层,并且第二激光聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面上,来接合金属层和树脂层的方法。
此外,激光热传导接合(图3B)可以是在从金属层到树脂层的方向上将第二激光照射在不同材料层压体上,并且第二激光聚焦在金属层的与树脂层接触的表面的相对表面上,来接合金属层和树脂层的方法。
具体地,当在从金属层到树脂层的方向上照射第二激光时,第二激光的能量可以在金属层中被吸收,并且第二激光的吸收能量可以被转换成热量,使得邻近金属层的表面的树脂层可以熔化。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,树脂层可以通过第二激光熔化,并且熔化的树脂层可以固定到金属层的表面并且填充在金属层的表面中、蚀刻槽中、以及毛刺之间。
具体地,熔化树脂层的方法可以根据第二激光的照射方向而变化,并且当通过激光透射接合(图3A)照射脉冲激光时,照射到树脂层上的第二激光穿透树脂层,并且第二激光的能量在金属层的表面中被吸收,吸收的能量被转换成热量以熔化界面(金属层与树脂层接触的表面)上的树脂层,然后熔化的树脂层被供应到金属层的表面、蚀刻槽和类似栅栏形状的毛刺的内部空间,使得不同的材料彼此接合。
此外,当通过激光热传导接合(图3B)照射第二激光时,首先,发射到表面被蚀刻的金属层的激光束在金属层中被吸收,吸收的能量被转换成热量以熔化界面(金属层与树脂层接触的表面)上的树脂层,并且熔化的树脂层被供应到金属层的表面、蚀刻槽和类似栅栏形状的毛刺的内部空间,使得不同的材料彼此接合。
如上所述,当通过激光透射接合方法和激光热传导接合方法中的任何一种方法接合诸如金属层和树脂层的不同材料时,接合强度提高,并且在目标位置和目标区域处可以进行局部接合,使得效率非常高。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光的波长可以是近红外线区域中的波长。具体地,第二激光的波长可以是选自由808nm、830nm、880nm、915nm、940nm、915nm和1064nm组成的组中的一种波长。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光的输出功率可以是50W以上且2000W以下,并且可以根据激光的光斑尺寸和用激光照射的材料的种类适当地调节。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光的光斑尺寸可以是100μm以上且5000μm以下,并且可以根据用激光照射的材料的种类来适当地调整。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光的扫描速度可以是10mm/s以上且1000mm/s以下,并且可以根据用激光照射的材料的种类适当地调整。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,第二激光的照射次数可以是1次以上且50次以下,并且可以根据用激光照射的材料的种类适当地调整。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,金属层和树脂层之间的接合力如上所述。
当使用根据本发明的示例性实施例的接合不同材料的方法时,金属层和树脂层之间的界面上的树脂层熔化,使得树脂层流入蚀刻金属层的蚀刻槽中和沿着蚀刻槽形成的类似栅栏形状的毛刺的内部空间中以及金属层的表面,从而实现更加增强的锚固效果。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施例,与现有技术中的接合不同材料的方法不同,不存在环境由于化学有毒物质而受污染或难以管理大规模生产工艺的问题,并且可以通过使工艺阶段最少来提高操作效率,并可以提供能够实现气密性和水密性的不同材料的接合体。
在下文中,将参考实施例详细描述本发明,以更具体地解释本发明。然而,根据本发明的实施例可以修改为其他各种形式,并且不应解释为本发明的范围限于下述实施例。提供本说明书的实施例是为了向本领域技术人员更完整地解释本发明。
[蚀刻槽入口宽度与蚀刻槽中心宽度之间的关系]
实例1和参考例1
通过在下表1中所示的条件下用两种脉冲激光对具有1.5T厚度的铝基板的表面进行双重照射使得脉冲激光彼此正交,来蚀刻铝基板以具有格子结构。在这种情况下,在蚀刻期间产生的蚀刻槽和毛刺沿着蚀刻槽的周边部分彼此连接,以形成为具有内部空间的栅栏的形状。
随后,图案化的铝基板面向厚度为3.2T的聚丙烯树脂基板,然后,在铝基板朝向上方向的状态下,用光斑尺寸为660μm、输出功率为350W、波长为1064nm的激光照射铝基板,在这种情况下,通过以20mm/s的扫描速度反复扫描激光五次来熔化聚丙烯树脂,从而制造不同材料的接合体。
测量如上所述形成的蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度、蚀刻槽的中心的宽度、以及接合力(剪切拉伸强度),并且测量的结果如下表2所示。
具体地,为了测量蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度、蚀刻槽的中心的宽度、毛刺的深度、毛刺的高度,通过在界面部分的垂直方向上切割不同材料的接合体并抛光切割的不同材料的接合体来制造样品。
通过使用SEM拍摄的样品的横截面的图像在图4中示出。
此外,计算并记录每个样品的10至20个凹槽中各个形状(蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度、蚀刻槽的中心的宽度、毛刺的深度、毛刺的高度)的测量值的平均值。
此外,基于当通过使用UTM拉伸机(INSTRON5969)以10mm/min的拉伸速度施加剪切时不同材料的接合体被分离或断裂的强度,来测量不同材料的接合体的接合力。通过将测量的拉伸强度值除以接合面积来计算最终接合强度。
[表1]
[表2]
根据表2和图4的结果,可以确认的是,即使蚀刻槽的入口的宽度彼此相似并且蚀刻槽的深度彼此相似,蚀刻槽的中心的宽度较大使得蚀刻槽具有罐(pot)的形状的实例1(图4A)的接合力大于蚀刻槽的入口的宽度和蚀刻槽的中心的宽度彼此相似的参考例1(图4B)的接合力。
因此,可以确认的是,即使蚀刻槽的入口的宽度和蚀刻槽的深度彼此相似,当蚀刻槽具有罐的形状时,也可以实现优异的接合强度。
[蚀刻槽入口宽度与蚀刻槽深度之间的关系]
实例2和比较例1
通过在下表3中所示的条件下用两种脉冲激光对具有1.5T厚度的铝基板的表面进行双重照射使得脉冲激光彼此正交,来蚀刻铝基板以具有格子结构。在这种情况下,在蚀刻期间产生的蚀刻槽和毛刺沿着蚀刻槽的周边部分彼此连接,以形成为具有内部空间的栅栏的形状。
随后,图案化的铝基板面向厚度为3.2T的聚丙烯树脂基板,然后,在铝基板朝向上方向的状态下,用光斑尺寸为660μm、输出功率为350W、波长为1064nm的激光照射铝基板,在这种情况下,通过以20mm/s的扫描速度反复扫描激光五次通过热传导熔化聚丙烯树脂,从而制造不同材料的接合体。
通过上述方法测量蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度、蚀刻槽的深度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度的比率(纵横比)、以及如上所述制造的不同材料的接合体的接合力(剪切拉伸强度),并且测量的结果如下表4所示。
[表3]
[表4]
此外,通过SEM拍摄的实例2和比较例1的侧表面的图像分别在图5A和5B中示出。
根据表4和图5的结果,可以确认的是,比较例1(图5B)的蚀刻槽的入口的宽度大于实例2(图5A)的蚀刻槽的入口的宽度,但是比较例1的接合力比实例1的接合力低约10%。
因此,可以确认的是,不是当蚀刻槽的入口的宽度大并且填充金属层的树脂层的量增加时接合力增加,而是当通过从金属层表面突出的毛刺和蚀刻槽的侧壁的形状(曲线或粗糙度)将树脂层固定到金属层时,可以实现优异的接合强度。
实例4和5以及比较例2至4
通过在下表5中所示的条件下将两种脉冲激光照射到具有1.5T厚度的铝基板的表面,蚀刻铝基板以具有包括线性结构和格子结构的两种结构。在这种情况下,在蚀刻期间产生的蚀刻槽和毛刺沿着蚀刻槽的周边部分彼此连接,以形成为具有内部空间的栅栏的形状。
随后,图案化的铝基板面向厚度为3.2T的聚丙烯树脂基板,然后,在铝基板朝向上方向的状态下,用光斑尺寸为660μm、输出功率为350W、波长为1064nm的激光照射铝基板,在这种情况下,通过以20mm/s的扫描速度反复扫描激光五次来熔化聚丙烯树脂,从而制造不同材料的接合体。
通过上述方法测量蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度、蚀刻槽的深度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度的比率(纵横比)、毛刺的长度、以及如上所述制造的不同材料的接合体的接合力(剪切拉伸强度),并且测量的结果如下表6所示。
[表5]
[表6]
此外,通过SEM拍摄的实例4和5以及比较例2至4的侧表面的图像分别在图6A至图6E中示出。
根据表6和图6的结果,可以确认的是,当第一激光的发射次数增加时,蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度和毛刺的长度增加。
作为评估接合强度的结果,可以确认的是,在比较例2的情况下,蚀刻槽的入口的宽度和毛刺的长度未达到根据本发明的示例性实施例的范围,使得比较例2的接合力低于实例4和5的接合力。
此外,可以确认的是,在比较例3的情况下,蚀刻槽的入口的宽度未达到根据本发明的示例性实施例的范围,使得比较例3的接合力低于实例4和5的接合力。
此外,可以确认的是,在比较例4的情况下,纵横比超过1:14,使得蚀刻槽的深度增加,但是接合力不再增加。
因此,可以确认的是,即使第一激光的发射次数增加,根据反复加工的特点,由金属层表面上的毛刺的不均匀性导致的接合效果也会降低。
此外,可以确认的是,当通过使用形成为格子结构的蚀刻槽形成栅栏结构时,与线性结构相比,与树脂层的接触面积增加,并且与线性结构相比,通过井形的锚固结构增加了接合强度。
此外,关于激光发射的次数,当激光发射的次数增加时,线性结构和格子结构中的接合强度趋于增加。
此外,可以确认的是,当蚀刻槽的入口的深度的增加远大于蚀刻槽的入口的宽度的增加时,树脂层不能充分地填充金属层,因此金属层和树脂层之间的连接力不会增加。
[毛刺长度与不同材料的接合体的接合力之间的关系]
实例3和参考例2至4
通过在下表7中所示的条件下用两种脉冲激光对具有1.5T厚度的铝基板的表面进行双重照射使得脉冲激光彼此正交,来蚀刻铝基板以具有格子结构。在这种情况下,在蚀刻期间产生的蚀刻槽和毛刺沿着蚀刻槽的周边部分彼此连接,以形成为具有内部空间的栅栏的形状。
随后,图案化的铝基板面向厚度为3.2T的聚丙烯树脂基板,然后,在铝基板朝向上方向的状态下,用光斑尺寸为660μm、输出功率为350W、波长为1064nm的激光照射铝基板,在这种情况下,通过以20mm/s的扫描速度反复扫描激光五次来熔化聚丙烯树脂,从而制造不同材料的接合体。
通过上述方法测量蚀刻槽的深度、蚀刻槽的入口的宽度、蚀刻槽的深度与蚀刻槽的入口的宽度的比率(纵横比)、毛刺的长度、以及如上所述制造的不同材料的接合体的接合力(剪切拉伸强度),并且测量的结果如下表8所示。
[表7]
[表8]
*毛刺角度:毛刺相对于金属层表面的角度
此外,通过SEM拍摄的实例3和参考例2至4的侧表面的图像分别在图7A至图7D中示出。
根据表8和图7的结果,可以确认的是,实例3的接合力比毛刺的长度小并且毛刺相对于金属层表面的角度相对接近钝角的参考例的接合力大了约3MPa。
因此,可以确认的是,即使蚀刻槽的深度和蚀刻槽的入口宽度在相似的范围内,当毛刺的长度大并且毛刺相对于金属层表面的角度小(特别是,40°至60°的锐角)时,接合力大。
[毛刺长度与不同材料的接合体的接合力和气密性的关系]
实例6和7以及比较例5
在20mm/s的速度、50kHz的频率的条件下用焦点尺寸为35μm、输出功率为350W、波长为1064nm的脉冲激光照射厚度为1.5T的铝基板的表面,并且蚀刻铝基板以具有下表9中所示的蚀刻槽的深度、毛刺的高度、毛刺的长度和蚀刻间隔。
此外,通过嵌件成型将包含40重量%的玻璃纤维的聚苯醚树脂接合到蚀刻的金属基板,从而制造不同材料的接合体。
通过上述方法测量如上所述制造的不同材料的接合体的蚀刻槽的接合力(剪切拉伸强度),并且测量的结果如下表10所示。
此外,在接合不同材料后,在30.52 PSIG(2bar)的气动条件下对不同材料的接合体的气密性进行30秒的测试,并且当压力损失等于或小于0.057PSIG时,气密性被确定为合格,并且当压力损失大于0.057PSIG时,气密性被确定为不合格,并且测量的结果如下表10所示。
[表9]
[表10]
根据表9和表10,可以确认的是,毛刺长度小于实例6和7的毛刺长度的比较例5的接合力显著降低,并且在比较例5中不能确保气密性。
此外,可以确认的是,当蚀刻槽的深度大,但是毛刺的高度不满足根据本发明示例性实施例的范围时,不能确保接合力和气密性。
Claims (12)
1.一种不同材料的接合体,包括:
金属层;以及
树脂层,所述树脂层设置在所述金属层的一个表面上并与所述金属层的所述一个表面接触,
其中,所述金属层包括两个以上蚀刻槽和设置在所述金属层的表面上并且邻近所述蚀刻槽的两个以上毛刺,
所述毛刺被设置成相对于所述金属层的所述表面形成锐角,
所述树脂层通过填充所述蚀刻槽的内部、所述金属层的所述表面以及所述毛刺之间而被固定到所述金属层,并且
所述蚀刻槽的深度与所述蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为3∶1至14∶1,
其中,所述蚀刻槽的中心的宽度与所述蚀刻槽的所述入口的所述宽度之比为1.3∶1至3∶1,
其中,所述蚀刻槽的所述入口的所述宽度为10μm以上且25μm以下,
其中,所述蚀刻槽的所述中心的所述宽度为15μm以上且30μm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的不同材料的接合体,其中,所述蚀刻槽的所述深度为50μm以上且250μm以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的不同材料的接合体,其中,所述毛刺设置在所述蚀刻槽的远端方向上,并且
所述毛刺与所述金属层的所述表面之间的角度为30°以上且80°以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述的不同材料的接合体,其中,从所述毛刺的一端到所述毛刺的另一端的长度为25μm以上且80μm以下。
5.根据权利要求1所述的不同材料的接合体,其中,所述毛刺的高度为30μm以上且100μm以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的不同材料的接合体,其中,所述蚀刻槽的中心轴之间的距离为50μm以上且1000μm以下。
7.一种不同材料的接合体的制造方法,所述方法包括:
对金属层进行蚀刻以形成蚀刻金属层,其中通过用第一激光照射所述金属层的表面而在所述金属层的所述表面上形成蚀刻槽和毛刺;以及
形成树脂层,其中所述树脂层形成在所述蚀刻金属层的一个表面上,
其中,所述毛刺被设置成相对于所述金属层的所述表面形成锐角,
所述树脂层通过填充所述蚀刻槽的内部、所述金属层的所述表面以及所述毛刺之间而被固定到所述金属层,并且
所述蚀刻槽的深度与所述蚀刻槽的入口的宽度之比为3∶1至14∶1,
其中,所述蚀刻槽的中心的宽度与所述蚀刻槽的所述入口的所述宽度之比为1.3∶1至3∶1,
其中,所述蚀刻槽的所述入口的所述宽度为10μm以上且25μm以下,
其中,所述蚀刻槽的所述中心的所述宽度为15μm以上且30μm以下。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,
所述第一激光是波长为1064nm的脉冲激光,并且
以20W以上且200W以下的输出功率、30kHz或更高且600kHz或更低的频率、100mm/s以上且1000mm/s以下的扫描速度、1次以上且10次以下的照射次数、15ns以上且220ns以下的脉冲宽度、15μm以上且50μm以下的光斑尺寸、1.5kW以上且6kW以下的峰值输出功率以及0.1mJ以上且2mJ以下的脉冲能量照射所述第一激光。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,通过将树脂涂覆到所述蚀刻金属层的所述表面、所述蚀刻槽和所述毛刺中的每一个,来执行所述树脂层的所述形成。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,通过制备所述树脂层设置在所述蚀刻金属层的一个表面上的不同材料层压体,并用第二激光照射所述不同材料层压体,来执行所述树脂层的所述形成,并且
以近红外线区域的波长、50W以上且2000W以下的输出功率、100μm以上且5000μm以下的光斑尺寸、10mm/s以上且1000mm/s以下的扫描速度以及1次以上且50次以下的照射次数照射所述第二激光。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在从所述树脂层到所述金属层的方向上照射所述第二激光以穿透所述树脂层,并且所述第二激光聚焦在所述金属层的与所述树脂层接触的所述表面上。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在从所述金属层到所述树脂层的方向上照射所述第二激光,并且所述第二激光聚焦在所述金属层的与所述树脂层接触的所述表面的相对表面上。
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