CN109715967A - 多重离合装置和用于机动车的混合动力模块 - Google Patents

多重离合装置和用于机动车的混合动力模块 Download PDF

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CN109715967A
CN109715967A CN201780057859.8A CN201780057859A CN109715967A CN 109715967 A CN109715967 A CN 109715967A CN 201780057859 A CN201780057859 A CN 201780057859A CN 109715967 A CN109715967 A CN 109715967A
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clutch
multiple arrangement
actuated element
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CN109715967B (zh
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德克·霍夫斯特
迈克尔·鲍曼
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/385—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs double clutches, i.e. comprising two friction disc mounted on one driven shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/08—Serially-arranged clutches interconnecting two shafts only when all the clutches are engaged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F16D25/083—Actuators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F16D25/087—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation the clutch being actuated by the fluid-actuated member via a diaphragm spring or an equivalent array of levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0661—Hydraulically actuated multiple lamellae clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合装置，用于耦合内燃机，多重离合装置包括：分离离合器(10)，利用分离离合器能将扭矩从内燃机传递到多重离合装置，并且利用分离离合器能将多重离合装置与内燃机分离；双离合装置(30)，利用双离合装置能将扭矩从电机和/或从分离离合器(10)传递到驱动系上，双离合装置具有第一子离合器(40)和第二子离合器(50)；以及传动元件(70)，用于为了在电机与多重离合装置之间构造传动装置，以在电机与多重离合装置之间传递旋转运动，其中各个离合器和传动元件都布置在湿室(90)中。利用这里提出的本发明，提供了一种多重离合装置，该多重离合装置由于离合器布置在湿室中而在结构空间的轴向尺寸很小的情况下具有高的寿命预期。

Description

多重离合装置和用于机动车的混合动力模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合装置，混合动力模块被设置用于机动车、诸如客车、货车或其它商用车，并且混合动力模块能耦合到内燃机上。本发明还涉及混合动力模块本身，混合动力模块具有多重离合装置。
背景技术
混合动力模块通常包括：连接装置，用于使内燃机机械耦合；分离离合器，利用分离离合器能将扭矩从内燃机传递到混合动力模块上并且利用分离离合器能使混合动力模块与内燃机分离；电机，用于利用转子产生驱动扭矩；以及双离合器装置，利用双离合器装置能将扭矩从电机和/或从分离离合器传递到驱动系上。双离合器装置包括第一子离合器和第二子离合器。每个布置的离合器分别分配有操纵系统。
电机能够实现电动行驶、用于内燃机驱动的功率增加和动力回收。分离离合器及其操纵系统负责内燃机的耦合或解耦。
如果具有双离合器的混合动力模块被集成到驱动系上，使得混合动力模块沿扭矩传递方向处在内燃机与变速器之间，则在车辆中必须一个接一个地或者并排地布置内燃机、混合动力模块、具有其操纵系统的双离合器和变速器。然而，这种装置有时导致结构空间问题。
为了实现具有集成的双离合器的非常紧凑的混合动力模块，一种有利的结构原理在于：将分离离合器和双离合器的两个子离合器直接相邻地布置。
从现有技术公知混合动力模块或其多重离合装置的不同的实施方式。
DE 10 2009 002 805A1就公开了一种用于机动车的并行混合动力驱动装置，并行混合动力驱动装置具有布置在驱动系中的传动比不同的车辆变速器、与变速器输入轴驱动连接的电机以及通过离合装置能与变速器输入轴耦合或能与变速器输入轴解耦合的内燃机。离合装置还包括在内燃机的牵引运行时接合的自由轮离合器和能与之并联的磨擦离合器。
WO2008/052909A1公开了一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动系，用于借助于离合器使内燃机与电机机械耦合。离合器可以包括牙嵌离合器以及起动元件，该起动元件与电机连接并且将可选比例的驱动功率从电机中解耦输出。起动元件可包括变扭器、比例离合器和/或双离合器。
从还没有公开的德国专利申请DE 10 2016 203 384.0中公知一种用于具有混合动力驱动装置的机动车的驱动系的离合装置，其中离合装置具有第一离合器和第二离合器，第一离合器和第二离合器分别具有能旋转地相互断开的旋转构件，其中第一离合器的第一旋转构件与第二离合器的第一旋转构件抗扭连接。这里作为有利的实施方式来说明的是，第二离合器构造为双离合器，优选地构造为湿式的或湿式运行的双离合器。
德国专利申请DE 10 2016 212 846.9教导了一种用于具有电机和内燃机的驱动系的离合装置，电机和内燃机的扭矩能通过离合器总成传导到变速器，其中分离离合器布置在耦合件与能在内燃机侧驱动的传递件之间，该耦合件用于朝着离合器总成的方向引入电机的扭矩。构造为链条的循环式牵引件用于将扭矩从电机传递到耦合件。
所示出的混合动力模块或离合装置的全部均受到由于运行造成的磨损并且需要确定的结构空间。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种多重离合装置以及一种用于机动车的配备有该多重离合装置的混合动力模块，该多重离合装置和该混合动力模块在结构空间较小的情况下具有较长的使用寿命。
该技术问题通过根据本发明的权利要求1的多重离合装置以及根据本发明的权利要求9的混合动力模块来解决。该多重离合装置的有利的实施方式在从属权利2至8中说明。混合动力模块的有利的设计方案在从属权利要求10中说明。
权利要求的特征可以以任何技术上合理的方式和方法来组合，其中为此也可以根据随后的描述以及附图的特征来进行阐述，其包括本发明的补充的设计方案。
在本发明的范围内，术语“径向”和“轴向”总是参考多重离合装置或混合动力模块的旋转轴线。
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合装置，以耦合内燃机，该多重离合装置包括分离离合器和双离合器装置，利用分离离合器能将扭矩从内燃机传递到多重离合装置，并且利用分离离合器能将多重离合装置与内燃机分离；利用双离合器装置能将扭矩从电机和/或从分离离合器传递到驱动系上。双离合器装置具有第一子离合器和第二子离合器。并且该多重离合装置具有传动元件，用于在电机与多重离合装置之间构造传动装置，以在电机与多重离合装置之间传递旋转运动。各个离合器和传动元件均布置在湿室中。
该结构类型使得能够使用降低磨损的湿式离合器，而不必为与电机的运行的组合来构造混合动力模块而放弃使用湿式离合器。
在多重离合装置的一个设计方案中设置，离合器以及传动元件绕着共同的旋转轴线同轴地布置，并且传动元件的有效直径小于双离合器装置的相应的子离合器的借助于摩擦接合进行扭矩传递的组成部件的有效直径。也就是说，传动元件的、由传动元件在其中传递扭矩的有效节圆的相对于旋转轴线的径向距离小于子离合器的离合器片相对于旋转轴线的径向距离，利用这些离合器片，通过摩擦接合来在相应的离合器中传递扭矩。借此，可以提供轴向上非常紧凑的多重离合装置或轴向上非常紧凑的混合动力模块。由此，还防止了传动元件的高周向速度，使得借此构造的传动装置受到较小的磨损或能以较少的花费来实现。
多重离合装置可以如此设计，使得分离离合器以及两个子离合器径向上彼此重叠地布置。也就是说，分离离合器以及两个子离合器径向上相互嵌套地来布置，其中，分离离合器以及两个子离合器沿着共同的旋转轴线具有基本相同的轴向位置，然而具有径向上不同的位置或延伸尺寸。
在这种情况下，分离离合器可以布置在两个子离合器的径向内侧。这说明，两个子离合器关于分离离合器布置在更外侧并且因此布置在该分离离合器的径向外侧，其中，这两个子离合器之一在径向外部与相应另外的子离合器相叠布置。
多重离合装置还应该具有用于操纵分离离合器的分离离合器操纵系统，其中，分离离合器操纵系统至少部分地由传动元件在径向上覆盖。这说明，分离离合器操纵系统至少局部地处在传动元件的有效节圆的径向内侧，从而还减小了多重离合装置的轴向延伸。
分离离合器操纵系统可以具有基本呈环形的活塞气缸单元，该活塞气缸单元的活塞能基本轴向平移地移动，并且该分离离合器操纵系统还可以具有环形的操纵轴承，该操纵轴承允许在活塞气缸单元与分离离合器的所要操纵的离合器元件之间的旋转式相对运动，其中，活塞气缸单元关于旋转轴线的径向延伸大于操纵轴承的回转轨道距旋转轴线的径向距离。在此，活塞气缸单元至少部分地在径向外部与操纵轴承相叠布置。通过该多重离合装置的该设计方案也可以减小该多重离合装置的轴向延伸。
在多重离合装置的另外的有利的设计方案中设置，多重离合装置具有用于操纵第一子离合器的第一操纵系统和用于操纵第二子离合器的第二操纵系统，其中，第一操纵系统和第二操纵系统在径向上至少部分地彼此重叠布置。也就是说，这里对于双离合装置，可以使用径向上嵌套布置的双重中央接合器或分离器。
在此可以设置，两个操纵系统分别具有基本呈环形的活塞气缸单元，该活塞气缸单元的活塞能基本轴向平移地移动，并且两个操纵系统还分别具有环形的操纵轴承，操纵轴承允许在活塞气缸单元与相应的子离合器的所要操纵的离合器元件之间的旋转式相对运动，其中，相应的活塞气缸单元关于旋转轴线的径向延伸大于相应的操纵轴承的回转轨道距旋转轴线的距离。在备选的设计方案中设置，相应的活塞气缸单元的和回转轨道的径向延伸相同。
传动元件可以是用于构造链传动的链轮、用于构造皮带传动的皮带轮或者用于构造齿轮传动的齿轮。在作为皮带轮的设计方案中适合的是将皮带传动构造为齿形皮带传动装置或V型皮带传动装置。所实现的齿轮传动装置可以单级或多级地来实施。
多重离合装置优选地具有该多重离合装置的离合器的共同的旋转件，该共同的旋转件支撑在两个角接触球轴承上，两个角接触球轴承沿着旋转轴线布置在一排中。朝向内燃机的连接部的第一角接触球轴承吸收由子离合器传递的轴向力，并且朝向变速器的连接部的第二角接触球轴承吸收由分离离合器传递的轴向力。通过该设计方案，这些角接触球轴承可以预紧地来实施，从而当由分离离合器以及两个子离合器的夹紧力造成的力应改变方向时，避免离合器的由轴承游隙造成的轴向运动。
除了轴向引导之外，当然也通过角接触球轴承来实现离合器的共同的旋转件的径向支承和引导。
共同的旋转件也被设计用于容纳传动元件。在备选的设计方案中，该传动元件通过共同的旋转件来构造。因此，这些角接触球轴承也吸收由传动元件引入到共同的旋转件中的所造成的力。在此，这些角接触球轴承本身通过离合器盖的凸肩轴向地和径向地来支撑。凸肩或离合器盖的组成部件也设计用于容纳离合器输入轴的轴承，多重离合装置利用该离合器输入轴与内燃机组耦合或能耦合。在这种情况下，优选地，离合器输入轴借助被设计为固定轴承的滚动轴承以及被设计为浮动轴承的滚针轴承支承在凸肩上。
为了解决上述技术问题，还提出了一种混合动力模块，包括根据本发明的多重离合装置以及用于利用转子产生驱动扭矩的电机，其中，转子关于多重离合装置的旋转轴线轴向平行地布置并且借助于传动装置与多重离合装置连接，传动装置包括多重离合装置的传动元件。因此，利用传动装置，可以将扭矩或者说旋转运动从电机传递到多重离合装置，以驱动多重离合装置以及由此驱动模块，或者可以将扭矩或者说旋转运动沿反方向从多重离合装置传递到电机，以回收动力。
混合动力模块可以如此设计，使得电机的转子布置在湿室的外部并且与另外的传动元件抗旋转地连接或者能抗旋转地连接，另外的传动元件与多重离合装置的传动元件共同构造传动装置，并且另外的传动元件同样布置在湿室中并且在另外的传动元件与电机的转子之间布置有密封装置，用于密封湿室。
补充地，提供一种用于机动车的驱动装置，机动车具有内燃机和根据本发明的混合动力模块并且具有车辆变速器，其中，混合动力模块通过混合动力模块的离合器与内燃机且与车辆变速器机械连接。
附图说明
下面将参照附图详细说明上述发明，附图示出了一个优选的设计方案。本发明不以任何方式限于纯示意性的附图，其中应注意，附图中所示的实施例不限于所示的尺寸。
唯一的图1示出了根据本发明的多重离合装置的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
能看出：分离离合器10以及双离合器装置30布置在共同的旋转轴线1上。双离合器装置30包括第一子离合器40和第二子离合器50。全部三个离合器10、40、50均布置在湿室90中。这意味着，全部三个离合器10、40、50均被实施为湿式离合器。此外，全部三个离合器10、40、50均通过共同的旋转件80彼此旋转式连接。
在共同的旋转件80上固定地布置有传动元件70，传动元件在这里示出的实施方式中是用于构造链传动装置的链轮。链传动装置与这里未示出的电机的齿轮连接，电机布置在湿室90之外。这样，可以将扭矩从电机传递到共同的旋转件80上，接下来传递到全部三个离合器10、40、50上，并且沿反方向亦然。在电机所属的齿轮与电机的转子之间布置有这里未示出的密封装置，用于密封湿室90。
分离离合器10配有分离离合器操纵系统11，分离离合器操纵系统包括环形的活塞气缸单元12与操纵轴承20。
在此，活塞气缸单元12的径向延伸13明显大于操纵轴承20的回转轨道21距旋转轴线1的径向距离。这能够实现活塞气缸单元12和操纵轴承20所示出的径向嵌套的布置。
能看出：传动元件70的有效直径71小于双离合装置30或者说其第一子离合器40和第二子离合器50的借助于摩擦接合进行扭矩传递的组成部件的有效直径。这造成：由所耦合的电机引入的扭矩以传动元件的相对小的周向速度传递到多重离合装置上，使得振荡趋势减小。此外，同时能够实现电机的轴向平行的布置，也就是说基本上与距旋转轴线1的距离无关。
属于第一子离合器40的第一操纵系统41和属于第二子离合器50的第二操纵系统51在径向上相互嵌套地布置。
通过所示出的措施，能实现轴向上非常紧凑构造的离合装置。
从能与这里未示出的内燃机总成耦合的驱动轴或离合器输入轴130，可以将扭矩通过分离离合器10的分离离合器-离合器片支架22引入到分离离合器10中。在通过操纵分离离合器操纵系统11来接合分离离合器10时，分离离合器10将扭矩传递到共同的旋转件80上。当与共同的旋转件80连接的子离合器40、50之一接合时，该子离合器40、50将扭矩通过相应的第一离合器片支架42或第二离合器片支架52传递到第一变速器输入轴100上或传递到第二变速器输入轴101上。为此，借助于第一操纵系统41使第一压力杯形件43轴向移动，或借助于第二操纵系统51使第二压力杯形件53轴向移动，以接合相应的子离合器40、50。
共同的旋转件80借助支承装置旋转地支承在离合器盖120或其轴向凸肩121上。该支承装置包括第一角接触球轴承111以及第二角接触球轴承112。两个角接触球轴承111、112如此设计并且布置，使得它们可以吸收由离合器20、40、50引入的轴向力并且可以将所述力传递到离合器盖120或其凸肩121上。离合器输入轴130同样旋转地支承在离合器盖120或其凸肩121上，也就是说借助于被设计为滚动轴承的固定轴承131以及借助于被设计为滚针轴承的浮动轴承132旋转地支承离合器输入轴130。
本发明整体上提供了一种多重离合装置，该多重离合装置由于离合器布置在湿室中而在结构空间的轴向尺寸很小的情况下具有高的寿命预期。
附图标记列表
1 旋转轴线
10 分离离合器
11 分离离合器操纵系统
12 活塞气缸单元
13 径向延伸
20 操纵轴承
21 回转轨道的径向距离
22 分离离合器-离合器片支架
30 双离合装置
40 第一子离合器
41 第一操纵系统
42 第一离合器片支架
43 第一压力杯形件
50 第二子离合器
51 第二操纵系统
52 第二离合器片支架
53 第二压力杯形件
60 有效直径
70 传动元件
71 有效直径
80 共同的旋转件
90 湿室
100 第一变速器输入轴
101 第二变速器输入轴
111 第一角接触球轴承
112 第二角接触球轴承
120 离合器盖
121 凸肩
130 离合器输入轴
131 离合器输入轴的固定轴承
132 离合器输入轴的浮动轴承

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合装置，所述多重离合装置用于耦合内燃机，所述多重离合装置包括：分离离合器(10)、双离合器装置(30)以及传动元件(70)，
利用所述分离离合器能将扭矩从所述内燃机传递到所述多重离合装置，并且利用所述分离离合器能将所述多重离合装置与所述内燃机分离；利用所述双离合器装置能将扭矩从电机和/或从所述分离离合器(10)传递到驱动系上，所述双离合器装置具有第一子离合器(40)和第二子离合器(50)；所述传动元件用于在所述电机与所述多重离合装置之间构造传动装置，以在所述电机与所述多重离合装置之间传递旋转运动，其中，所述各个离合器和所述传动元件均布置在湿室(90)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述离合器(10、40、50)以及所述传动元件(70)绕着共同的旋转轴线(1)同轴地布置，并且所述传动元件(70)的有效直径(71)小于所述双离合器装置(30)的各子离合器(40、50)的、借助于摩擦接合进行扭矩传递的组成部件的有效直径(60)。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述分离离合器(10)和所述两个子离合器(40、50)在径向上彼此重叠地布置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述分离离合器(10)布置在所述两个子离合器(40、50)的径向内侧。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述多重离合装置具有用于操纵所述分离离合器(10)的分离离合器操纵系统(11)，其中，所述分离离合器操纵系统(11)至少部分地被所述传动元件(70)在径向上覆盖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述分离离合器操纵系统(11)具有基本呈环形的活塞气缸单元(12)，所述活塞气缸单元的活塞能基本轴向平移地移动，并且所述分离离合器操纵系统还具有环形的操纵轴承(20)，所述操纵轴承允许在所述活塞气缸单元(12)与所述分离离合器(10)的所要操纵的离合器元件之间的旋转式相对运动，其中，所述活塞气缸单元(12)关于所述旋转轴线(1)的径向延伸大于所述操纵轴承(20)的回转轨道相距所述旋转轴线(1)的径向距离(21)，并且所述活塞气缸单元(12)在径向外侧至少部分地与所述操纵轴承(20)相叠。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述多重离合装置具有用于操纵所述第一子离合器(40)的第一操纵系统(41)和用于操纵所述第二子离合器(50)的第二操纵系统(51)，其中，所述第一操纵系统(41)和所述第二操纵系统(51)在径向上至少部分地彼此重叠。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的多重离合装置，其特征在于，所述传动元件(70)是：
a)用于构造链传动装置的链轮，
b)用于构造皮带传动装置的皮带轮，或者
c)用于构造齿轮传动装置的齿轮。
9.一种混合动力模块，包括根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的多重离合装置以及用于利用转子产生驱动扭矩的电机，其中，所述转子关于所述多重离合装置的旋转轴线1轴向平行地布置并且借助于所述传动装置与所述多重离合装置连接，所述传动装置包括所述多重离合装置的传动元件(70)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于，所述电机的转子布置在所述湿室(90)的外侧且与另外的传动元件抗旋转地连接或者能抗旋转地连接，所述另外的传动元件与所述多重离合装置的传动元件(70)共同构造所述传动装置，并且所述另外的传动元件同样布置在所述湿室(90)中且在所述另外的传动元件与所述电机的转子之间布置有密封装置，用于密封所述湿室(90)。
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