CN109566228B - Method for constructing agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking myrtle as dominant species - Google Patents
Method for constructing agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking myrtle as dominant species Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566228B CN109566228B CN201811604775.4A CN201811604775A CN109566228B CN 109566228 B CN109566228 B CN 109566228B CN 201811604775 A CN201811604775 A CN 201811604775A CN 109566228 B CN109566228 B CN 109566228B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking myrtle as a dominant species. The agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community constructed by the invention can effectively increase the surface runoff time by 1.1-1.5 times, can reduce 46.3-65.7% of suspended matters, 41.8-20.3% of total nitrogen and 22.6-30.9% of total phosphorus through the processes of absorption, interception, adsorption of plants, degradation of soil microorganisms and the like, effectively plays a role in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, simultaneously has a good landscape aesthetic function, and has obvious ecological benefits. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the construction cost and the operation cost are both low. The method provides a new way for ecological prevention and control of non-point source pollution, and is suitable for popularization and application in the fields of ecological prevention and control of non-point source pollution, water environment protection and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural non-point source pollution control and water environment treatment, and particularly relates to a method for constructing an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking myrtle as an dominant species.
Background art:
with the continuous deepening of the economic activities of human beings, the water environment pollution becomes a global environmental problem, and the environmental protection departments of governments of all countries pay high attention. Traditionally, water environmental pollution sources are classified into Point Sources (PS) and non-point sources (NPS) according to the type of pollution. Point sources typically have a fixed discharge location or drain for concentrated discharge, such as industrial and domestic sewage. Non-point sources include line sources and surface sources, i.e., pollution discharge sources which discharge discontinuously into the environment and cannot achieve water quality improvement by common sewage treatment methods, are generated by rainfall, surface runoff, drainage, seepage or atmospheric sedimentation, and sink into surface water and groundwater bodies in a large range and are enriched in a large amount, resulting in water pollution. Compared with point source pollution, the non-point source pollution has the advantages of dispersed origin, wide distribution area, difficult identification of occurrence positions, strong randomness, complex cause and long latency period. Practice shows that the water quality standard reaching rate of various water bodies is still not ideal by simply controlling point source pollution, so that the agricultural non-point source pollution becomes the primary factor threatening the ecological safety of the water environment and restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in China along with the increase of the treatment strength of the point source pollution of the water environment in China. In the face of the development situation, the innovative agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control method has great theoretical significance and extremely important practical significance.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for constructing an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking myrtle as a dominant species.
The method for constructing the agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking the myrtle as the dominant species comprises the following steps:
firstly, site selection: selecting a gentle slope land with 10-30 degrees;
secondly, the soil requirement is as follows: selecting yellow loam or red soil with deep soil layer, loose soil layer and good drainage from the field soil;
thirdly, plant collocation: in the spatial plant matching, the constructed plant community comprises an shrub layer and a herbaceous layer, wherein the shrub layer is selected from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), and the herbaceous layer is selected from Nephrolepis auriculata;
fourthly, finishing the sloping field: clearing weeds on the gentle slope ground, deeply ploughing the soil for the first time by 20-30 cm, deeply ploughing for the second time by 15-25 cm after 1-2 months, and irrigating the soil with 500-fold diluted liquid of probiotic fertilizer;
fifthly, ecological planting: selecting 1-2-year-old seedlings of myrtle, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.3-0.5 m multiplied by 0.5-0.8 m, the planting density is 25000-one-year-old 66667 plants per hectare, and the height of the plants is 0.3-1.0 m; selecting 1-year-old seedlings of the dryopteris fragrans, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.1-0.2 m multiplied by 0.1-0.2 m, the planting density is 250000 and 1000000 plants per hectare, and the height of the plants is 0.1-0.2 m; planting Myrtle and nephrolepis fern in an embedding manner;
sixthly, water and fertilizer management: planting myrtle and nephrolepis latifolia, and then thoroughly watering for 1 time to fix root water;
seventhly, middle-period maintenance: intertillage weeding is carried out for 1-2 times every year, thinning is carried out once in spring every year, partial weak and small over-dense plants are thinned, and the regeneration of the myrtle and the nephrolepis is promoted.
Preferably, the length of the sloping field of the gentle slope land is 30-50 meters, and the width of the sloping field is 10-100 meters.
The red soil is preferably red soil with the pH value of 6.1-6.7.
The method provides a series of technical measures related to field selection, soil requirements, plant collocation, slope land arrangement, ecological planting, water and fertilizer management, medium-term maintenance and the like in the process of constructing the plant community taking the myrtle as the dominant species.
Compared with a control land (without any vegetation), the method can effectively increase the surface runoff time by 1.1-1.5 times, can reduce 46.3-65.7% of suspended matters, 41.8-20.3% of total nitrogen and 22.6-30.9% of total phosphorus through the processes of absorption, interception, adsorption of plants, degradation of soil microorganisms and the like, effectively plays a role in preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution, has a good landscape aesthetic function, and has obvious ecological benefit.
The method is simple and easy to implement, and the construction cost and the operation cost are both low.
The method provides a new way for ecological prevention and control of non-point source pollution, and is suitable for popularization and application in the fields of ecological prevention and control of non-point source pollution, water environment protection and the like.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1:
an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community is constructed in Wushan ecological and environmental practice base in Guangzhou city in Guangdong province in 2018, 6 months and 7 days, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a site. In the five-mountain ecological and environmental practice base in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, a 10-degree gentle slope is selected, the length of the slope is 30 meters, and the width of the slope is 10 meters.
And II, meeting the requirement of soil. The soil of the field is yellow loam, and the soil layer is required to be deep, loose and well drained.
Thirdly, matching plants. In the space plant matching, the constructed plant community comprises an shrub layer and a herb layer, wherein the shrub layer is arranged on the upper layer, and the herb layer is arranged on the lower layer. The dominant plant species of the shrub layer is myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), the myrtle belonging to the myrtaceae family of Myrtaceae belongs to evergreen shrubs, namely Dunnine, Melastoma dodecandrum, dolichos scandens, Dandelion root, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Dodonald Douglas, Dodonald Dodonder, Dunning, Wudu fruit, Guojiu Dunyang and Danggu, is a southern rural tree species, is commonly used for landscaping, ecological environment construction, hill greening and soil and water conservation; the dominant species of the herbaceous layer is nephropteris auriculata (Nephrolepis auriculata), nephropteris of nephropteridae, evergreen herbaceous plant, namely round fern teeth, fine-toothed clover, phoenix egg, ciliate desert-grass and Shihuangpi, and is in wild distribution in mountain forest sources in various parts of south China.
Fourthly, finishing the sloping field. Clearing weeds on the ground of the gentle slope, deeply ploughing the soil for 20-30 cm for the first time, and deeply ploughing for 15-25 cm for the second time after 1 month. After the second deep ploughing, the soil was irrigated with 500 times dilution of probiotic fertilizer (probiotic stock fermentation of san Hua Biotech, Fujian).
And fifthly, ecological planting. Selecting 1-year-old myrtle seedlings, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.3 m multiplied by 0.5 m, the planting density is 66667 plants per hectare, and the height of the planted plants is 0.3-1.0 m; selecting nephrolepis 1 year seedling, planting row spacing 0.1 m × 0.1 m, planting density 1000000 plants per hectare, and planting height 0.1-0.2 m. Planting Myrtus communis and nephrolepis in mosaic mode.
And sixthly, managing water and fertilizer. After the myrtle and the nephrolepis are planted, the physalis alkekengi is watered thoroughly for 1 time to fix the root, and the physalis alkekengi naturally grows without applying fertilizer.
Seventhly, middle-term maintenance. Intertillage weeding is carried out for 1-2 times every year, thinning is carried out once in spring every year, partial weak and small over-dense plants are thinned, and the regeneration of the myrtle and the nephrolepis is promoted.
And eighthly, pest control. The constructed plant community consists of local plants, has strong community self-healing capacity and less plant diseases and insect pests, can not spray any medicine, and does not need any plant disease and insect pest protection measures.
Compared with a control land (without any vegetation), the agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community constructed by the embodiment can effectively increase the surface runoff time by 1.3 times, can reduce 55.2% of suspended matters, 34.6% of total nitrogen and 27.7% of total phosphorus through the processes of absorption, interception, adsorption of plants, degradation of soil microorganisms and the like, effectively plays a role in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, has a good landscape aesthetic function, and has obvious ecological benefit.
Example 2:
an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community is constructed in Wushan ecological and environmental practice base in Guangzhou city of Guangzhou, Guangdong province in 2018, at 27 months, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a site. In the five-mountain ecological and environmental practice base in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, a 30-degree gentle slope is selected, the length of the slope is 50 meters, and the width of the slope is 50 meters.
And II, meeting the requirement of soil. The site soil is red soil with pH of 6.1-6.7, and has deep soil layer, loose soil layer and good drainage.
Thirdly, matching plants. In the space plant matching, the constructed plant community comprises an shrub layer and a herb layer, wherein the shrub layer is arranged on the upper layer, and the herb layer is arranged on the lower layer. The dominant plant species of the shrub layer is myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), the myrtle belonging to the myrtaceae family of Myrtaceae belongs to evergreen shrubs, namely Dunnine, Melastoma dodecandrum, dolichos scandens, Dandelion root, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Dodonald Douglas, Dodonald Dodonder, Dunning, Wudu fruit, Guojiu Dunyang and Danggu, is a southern rural tree species, is commonly used for landscaping, ecological environment construction, hill greening and soil and water conservation; the dominant species of the herbaceous layer is nephropteris auriculata (Nephrolepis auriculata), nephropteris of nephropteridae, evergreen herbaceous plant, namely round fern teeth, fine-toothed clover, phoenix egg, ciliate desert-grass and Shihuangpi, and is in wild distribution in mountain forest sources in various parts of south China.
Fourthly, finishing the sloping field. Clearing weeds on the ground of the gentle slope, deeply ploughing the soil for 20-30 cm for the first time, and deeply ploughing for 15-25 cm for the second time after 2 months. After the second deep ploughing, the soil was irrigated with 800 times dilution of probiotic fertilizer (probiotic stock fermentation of san Hua Biotech, Fujian).
And fifthly, ecological planting. Selecting 1-year-old myrtle seedlings, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 m multiplied by 0.5 m, the planting density is 40000 plants per hectare, and the height of the planted plants is 0.3-1.0 m; selecting nephrolepis 1 year seedling, planting row spacing 0.1 m × 0.2 m, planting density 500000 plants per hectare, and planting height 0.1-0.2 m. Planting Myrtus communis and nephrolepis in mosaic mode.
And sixthly, managing water and fertilizer. After the myrtle and the nephrolepis are planted, the physalis alkekengi is watered thoroughly for 1 time to fix the root, and the physalis alkekengi naturally grows without applying fertilizer.
Seventhly, middle-term maintenance. Intertillage weeding is carried out for 1-2 times every year, thinning is carried out once in spring every year, partial weak and small over-dense plants are thinned, and the regeneration of the myrtle and the nephrolepis is promoted.
And eighthly, pest control. The constructed plant community consists of local plants, has strong community self-healing capacity and less plant diseases and insect pests, can not spray any medicine, and does not need any plant disease and insect pest protection measures.
Compared with a control land (without any vegetation), the agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community constructed by the embodiment can effectively increase the surface runoff time by 1.5 times, can reduce 65.7% of suspended matters, 41.8% of total nitrogen and 30.9% of total phosphorus through the processes of absorption, interception, adsorption of plants, degradation of soil microorganisms and the like, effectively plays a role in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, has a good landscape aesthetic function, and has obvious ecological benefit.
Example 3:
an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community is constructed in Wushan ecological and environmental practice base in Guangzhou city in Guangdong province in 7, 9 and 2018, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a site. In the five-mountain ecological and environmental practice base in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, a 30-degree gentle slope is selected, the length of the slope is 50 meters, and the width of the slope is 100 meters.
And II, meeting the requirement of soil. The site soil is red soil with pH of 6.1-6.7, and has deep soil layer, loose soil layer and good drainage.
Thirdly, matching plants. In the space plant matching, the constructed plant community comprises an shrub layer and a herb layer, wherein the shrub layer is arranged on the upper layer, and the herb layer is arranged on the lower layer. The dominant plant species of the shrub layer is myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), the myrtle belonging to the myrtaceae family of Myrtaceae belongs to evergreen shrubs, namely Dunnine, Melastoma dodecandrum, dolichos scandens, Dandelion root, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Dodonald Douglas, Dodonald Dodonder, Dunning, Wudu fruit, Guojiu Dunyang and Danggu, is a southern rural tree species, is commonly used for landscaping, ecological environment construction, hill greening and soil and water conservation; the dominant species of the herbaceous layer is nephropteris auriculata (Nephrolepis auriculata), nephropteris of nephropteridae, evergreen herbaceous plant, namely round fern teeth, fine-toothed clover, phoenix egg, ciliate desert-grass and Shihuangpi, and is in wild distribution in mountain forest sources in various parts of south China.
Fourthly, finishing the sloping field. Clearing weeds on the ground of the gentle slope, deeply ploughing the soil for 20-30 cm for the first time, and deeply ploughing for 15-25 cm for the second time after 1 month. After the second deep ploughing, the soil was irrigated with 1000 times dilution of probiotic fertilizer (probiotic stock fermentation of san Hua Biotech, Fujian).
And fifthly, ecological planting. Selecting 2-year-old myrtle seedlings, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 m multiplied by 0.8 m, the planting density is 25000 plants per hectare, and the height of the plants is 0.3-1.0 m; selecting nephrolepis 1 year seedling, planting row spacing 0.2 m × 0.2 m, planting density 250000 plants per hectare, and planting height 0.1-0.2 m. Planting Myrtus communis and nephrolepis in mosaic mode.
And sixthly, managing water and fertilizer. After the myrtle and the nephrolepis are planted, the physalis alkekengi is watered thoroughly for 1 time to fix the root, and the physalis alkekengi naturally grows without applying fertilizer.
Seventhly, middle-term maintenance. Intertillage weeding is carried out for 1-2 times every year, thinning is carried out once in spring every year, partial weak and small over-dense plants are thinned, and the regeneration of the myrtle and the nephrolepis is promoted.
And eighthly, pest control. The constructed plant community consists of local plants, has strong community self-healing capacity and less plant diseases and insect pests, can not spray any medicine, and does not need any plant disease and insect pest protection measures.
Compared with a control land (without any vegetation), the agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community constructed by the embodiment can effectively increase the surface runoff time by 1.1 times, can reduce 46.3% of suspended matters, 20.3% of total nitrogen and 22.6% of total phosphorus through the processes of absorption, interception, adsorption of plants, degradation of soil microorganisms and the like, effectively plays a role in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, has a good landscape aesthetic function, and has obvious ecological benefit.
Claims (1)
1. A method for constructing an agricultural non-point source pollution ecological prevention and control plant community by taking myrtle as a dominant species is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, site selection: selecting a gentle slope land with 10-30 degrees; the length of the gentle slope land is 30-50 meters, and the width of the gentle slope land is 10-100 meters;
secondly, the soil requirement is as follows: selecting yellow loam or red soil with deep soil layer, loose soil layer and good drainage from the field soil; the red soil is red soil with pH of 6.1-6.7;
thirdly, plant collocation: in the spatial plant matching, the constructed plant community comprises an shrub layer and a herbaceous layer, wherein the shrub layer is selected from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), and the herbaceous layer is selected from Nephrolepis auriculata;
fourthly, finishing the sloping field: clearing weeds on the gentle slope ground, deeply ploughing the soil for the first time by 20-30 cm, deeply ploughing for the second time by 15-25 cm after 1-2 months, and irrigating the soil with 500-fold diluted liquid of probiotic fertilizer;
fifthly, ecological planting: selecting 1-2-year-old seedlings of myrtle, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.3-0.5 m multiplied by 0.5-0.8 m, the planting density is 25000-one-year-old 66667 plants per hectare, and the height of the plants is 0.3-1.0 m; selecting 1-year-old seedlings of the dryopteris fragrans, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.1-0.2 m multiplied by 0.1-0.2 m, the planting density is 250000 and 1000000 plants per hectare, and the height of the plants is 0.1-0.2 m; planting Myrtle and nephrolepis fern in an embedding manner;
sixthly, water and fertilizer management: planting myrtle and nephrolepis latifolia, and then thoroughly watering for 1 time to fix root water;
seventhly, middle-period maintenance: intertillage weeding is carried out for 1-2 times every year, thinning is carried out once in spring every year, partial weak and small over-dense plants are thinned, and the regeneration of the myrtle and the nephrolepis is promoted.
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| CN102057825A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for afforesting completely-weathered aleurolite side slope by utilizing native plants |
| CN104365318A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-02-25 | 梁彩英 | Standardized myrtle planting technology |
| CN104817182B (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-08-17 | 沈阳大学 | The method building preventing and controlling agricultural area source pollution cold district riparian buffer strips |
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