CN109466634A - 形成包括吸收系统和空气动力系统的前部组块的单体部件 - Google Patents

形成包括吸收系统和空气动力系统的前部组块的单体部件 Download PDF

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CN109466634A
CN109466634A CN201811036643.6A CN201811036643A CN109466634A CN 109466634 A CN109466634 A CN 109466634A CN 201811036643 A CN201811036643 A CN 201811036643A CN 109466634 A CN109466634 A CN 109466634A
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structure part
half structure
structural moiety
component
molding
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斯蒂芬·金加
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Plastic Omnium SE
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B62D25/082Engine compartments
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/004Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material the metal being over-moulded by the synthetic material, e.g. in a mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种形成用于机动车辆的前部组块的单体部件(10),该前部组块包括构成吸能系统的结构性部分(20)和形成至少一个空气动力系统(40)的模制而成的半结构性部分(30),所述半结构性部分(30)包覆模制在所述结构性部分(20)上。

Description

形成包括吸收系统和空气动力系统的前部组块的单体部件
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车辆领域。特别地,本发明涉及用于机动车辆的前部组块模块。
背景技术
在现有技术中,尤其由文献WO2006/100379已知尤其包括功能性前端的机动车辆前部组块,其中所述功能性前端支承例如冷却系统(散热器)、光学元件或保险杠蒙皮和吸能系统的功能性元件。
吸能系统包括至少一个用于向车辆纵梁传递力的防撞梁。这样的梁一般称作“上部防撞梁”或“上防撞梁”,并且它布置在功能性前端前方。该系统一般还包括行人碰撞保护系统(上部吸收器和下部加固器)。
该前部组块结构因此汇集每个都有分别的特性的分别的部件,尤其是确保结构性作用的防撞梁和确保更具功能性作用的功能性前端。这可能会代表难以相对于彼此组装部件,并对车辆风格强加某些限制。例如,保险杠蒙皮的风格受到防撞梁定位影响,以免从进气开口看见防撞梁。
为了减少CO2的排放,在该环境中还可能会存在一个(或多个)框架(一般由塑料制成),在框架上安装有称作进气活瓣的可动元件。这些元件构成主动空气动力系统的一部分,在该系统中,致动器控制可动元件的致动,可动元件的功能在于准许空气通过保险杠的格栅流入并根据车辆速度配置阻闭格栅。
该类型的框架组装在防撞梁上、下方、上方或下方和上方,这使得将各个元件组装到前部组块复杂化。
而且,这样的前部组块架构导致源于部件增多的某些功能冗余,并因此导致前部组块重量增大。例如,框架包括水平壁,保险杠蒙皮与冷却系统之间的空气引导件也是这样的。另一也涉及可动活瓣框架的例子是:该框架构成用于可动活瓣的结构,而在该环境中,防撞梁和行人下部加固器也构成结构。
因此看起来已知的前部组块包括在组装到车辆上时必须在多个或多或少复杂的步骤过程中组装的元件组,并且由这些元件中的一些元件实现的许多功能是冗余的,导致组装复杂且车辆增重。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于提出一种形成车辆前部组块模块的单体部件,该车辆前部组块模块重量减轻,并且其组装得到简化。本发明因此涉及一种形成前部组块模块的单体部件,在该前部组块模块中,与其它周围空气动力学功能(可动活瓣)有关联的空气动力学功能(用于受控活瓣的框架)被集成到结构性框架中的防撞梁上,该结构性框架部分地由防撞梁本身形成。
本发明涉及一种形成用于机动车辆的前部组块的单体部件,所述前部组块包括构成吸能系统的结构性部分和形成至少一个空气动力系统的模制而成的半结构性部分,所述半结构性部分包覆模制在所述结构性部分上。
给予根据本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件以下优点:
-减少车辆上的部件数量,由此提供紧凑的系统,鉴于存在更少的部件标识,简化物流,以及对于制造商而言简化在工厂的组装(仅要将单个部件安装到车辆上);
-由于使用更少的材料而减轻纯空气动力学功能的重量,避免制造具有已经在现存部件中被指定用于其它功能的框架部分的冗余框架。此外,该重量减轻也是通过消除前部组块的元件之间的固定装置而获得的。例如,受控活瓣的框架的结构直接由单体部件来实现(受控活瓣直接夹固到单体部件上),半结构性部分可直接用作空气隔板和引导件。
所述单体部件可另外单独或组合地包括一个或多个特征:
-所述空气动力系统单独或组合地包括以下元件中的至少一个:用于受控活瓣的框架、空气引导件、车身下方导流器(déflecteur sous caisse)、护板(plastron);
-所述半结构性部分能够支承以下功能性元件中的至少一个:冷却系统、保险杠蒙皮、光学元件;
-所述半结构性部分由基于以下产品中的至少一种的热塑性材料制成:聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PC-PBT);
-所述热塑性材料由增强成分增强;
-所述半结构性部分由两种材料制成,并包括由弹性体类型的材料制成的唇部;
-所述结构性部分包括以下元件中的至少一个:防撞梁横杠、“吸能盒”类型的碰撞吸收器、行人碰撞保护系统;
-所述结构性部分包括由钢、铝或复合材料制成的防撞梁横杠;
-所述半结构性部分支承电池组充电器和/或电子控制单元(ECU)。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的单体部件与以下功能性元件中的至少一个的组合:冷却系统、保险杠蒙皮、光学元件。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造根据本发明的单体部件的方法,所述单体部件形成用于机动车辆的前部组块,在所述方法中,实现构成吸能系统的所述结构性部分,然后借助于模具和塑料材料在所述结构性部分上包覆模制所述半结构性部分,以使得所述半结构性部分形成至少一个空气动力系统。
该方法可另外单独或组合地包括一个或多个以下特征:
-所述模具是注射模具;
-借助于从以下方法中单独或组合地选择的方法来实现钢制防撞梁横杆从而来实现所述结构性部分:滚压成型(rollforming)、液压成型、冷冲压成型、热冲压成型;
-借助于从以下方法中单独或组合地选择的方法来实现铝制防撞梁横杆从而来实现所述结构性部分:冲压成型、挤出成型;
-助于从以下方法中单独或组合地选择的方法来实现复合材料制成的防撞梁横杆从而来实现所述结构性部分:热压缩成型、压印成型、挤出成型、拉挤成型;
-将防撞梁横杠作为待包覆模制的插件放入模具中;
-通过在包覆模制之前在所述结构性部分中实现开孔以便包覆模制的塑料材料蠕动穿过开孔来改善所述结构性部分与所述半结构性部分之间的机械黏合;
-通过实现以下步骤中的至少一个来改善所述结构性部分与所述半结构性部分之间的化学黏合:在包覆模制之前通过喷粉、喷洒、胶合和/或使用膜来在所述结构性部分上添加黏合剂;在所述塑料材料的树脂——例如马来酸酐(anhydrique maléique)——中添加黏合剂;
-所述半结构性部分是通过单次包覆模制步骤来实现的;
-所述半结构性部分是由两种材料制成的,其中所述材料中的至少一种是弹性体类型的材料;
-在包覆模制步骤之后,在所述单体部件上组装附属功能,例如:受控活瓣、发动机装置(mécanismes moteurs)、接线、电子装置、传感器。
附图说明
阅读以下作为例子并绝无任何限制性的附图,将更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
-图1示出根据本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件的结构性部分的第一例子;
-图2示出根据本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件的第一例子,该单体部件包括图1的结构性部分;
-图3示出根据本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件的结构性部分的第二例子;
-图4示出根据本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件的第二例子,该单体部件包括图3的结构性部分;
-图5示出根据本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件的结构性部分的第三例子;
-图6示出设有根据本发明的单体部件的机动车辆前部。
具体实施方式
如图2、4、5和6所示,根据本发明的单体部件10形成用于机动车辆的前部组块,并包括结构性部分20和半结构性部分30。
结构性部分20包括以下元件中的至少一个:防撞梁横杠22、“吸能盒”类型的碰撞吸收器24、行人碰撞保护系统26(上部吸收器和下部加固器)。
当结构性部分20包括防撞梁横杠22时,该防撞梁横杠22有利地由钢、铝或复合材料制成。
如图1和3所示,结构性部分20构成吸能系统。将能够吸收车辆所经受的碰撞的元件形容为是“结构性”的。
半结构性部分30是模制而成的,尤其是通过注射模制方法来模制而成。在该注射模制过程中,半结构性部分30包覆模制在结构性部分20上,由此形成插件。由此,这两个部分——结构性部分20和半结构性部分30——形成单个单体部件10。将支承次要功能且不用于吸收低能量碰撞(行人碰撞和停车碰撞)以外的碰撞的元件形容为是“半结构性”的。
半结构性部分30形成至少一个空气动力系统40。“空气动力系统”指能够实现用于车辆的空气动力学功能或有助于这样的功能的形状集合。这样的形状可由此对应于例如空气引导件、用于受控活瓣的框架、车身下方导流器等。半结构性部分30因此通过模制而形成以下元件中的至少一个:用于受控活瓣的框架42、空气引导件44、车身下方导流器46。
由此,在车辆上用于调节车辆前部进气的受控活瓣直接布置在模制而成的半结构性部分30上(位于模制而成的框架42处)。因此不再需要将其安装在本身组装在前部组块上的框架上。而且,在防撞梁22在碰撞时向后退的情况下,受控活瓣向车辆后方跟随。
由此,半结构性部分形成对于车辆整体空气动力系统有用的元件。
根据一个实施方式,半结构性部分30支承以下功能性元件50中的(单独或组合地采用的)至少一个:例如散热器的冷却系统52(见图5)、保险杠蒙皮54(见图6)、光学元件56(见图6)。
有利地,半结构性部分30支承电池组充电器。该设置在车辆是电动车辆时尤其有利。该充电器可直接集成在半结构性部分30中,半结构性部分30例如包覆模制充电器。
有利地,半结构性部分30支承电子控制单元(electronic control unit,ECU)。这样的单元一般呈盒体的形式,在此由半结构性部分30支承。该单子控制单元可直接集成在半结构性部分30中,半结构性部分30包覆模制例如电子控制单元(ECU)的盒体。
根据一个例子,单体部件10集成保险杠增强件的功能。部件10可由此有利地在提供给车辆制造商之前与保险杠预先组装。
根据一个例子,单体部件10集成增强保险杠刚性的功能。部件10可由此有利地集成护板48。
部件10由此允许更好地管理车辆的多样性:例如,对于车辆的基础版本,部件10上不一定安装有受控活瓣58,存在于半结构性部分30上的受控活瓣52的框架42则用作向着散热器引导空气的空气引导件。可由此考虑通过构件在模制步骤之后的后组装(post-assemblage)来升级。
有利地,半结构性部分30由热塑性材料制成,例如基于以下产品中的至少一种的材料:聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PC-PBT)。
该塑料材料有利地由增强成分增强,例如:玻璃纤维、碳纤维、无机或天然填料,例如滑石。
图2示出符合本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件10的第一例子。该部件10包括图1示出的结构性部分20。如在图中可见,位于防撞梁22下方的受控活瓣58的框架42的刚性在上部部分由防撞梁22提供,在下部部分由行人加固器(raidisseur piéton)提供。上部和下部之间的材料直接连接提供比倾向于造成应力集中的组装更好的机械强度。
图4示出符合本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件10的第二例子。该部件10包括图3示出的结构性部分20。部件10的下部部分用于可动活瓣上方的引导(尤其是如果添加有肋部),在下部部分处,下部会聚件(convergent voie basse)允许在保险杠与受控活板之间引导空气。最大化进气面积,尤其是在上部(梁)和下部(会聚件)上的进气面积。
图5示出符合本发明的形成前部组块模块的单体部件10的第三例子。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造符合本发明的单体部件10的方法,该单体部件形成用于机动车辆的前部组块。
根据该方法,实现构成吸能系统的结构性部分20,然后借助于模具和塑料材料来在结构性部分20上包覆模制半结构性部分30。该包覆模制这样地实现以使得半结构性部分30形成至少一个空气动力系统40。
为了实现该包覆模制,优选地使用注射模具。
结构性部分20是通过制造至少一个防撞梁横杠22来实现的。然后,该防撞梁横杠22作为待包覆模制的插件被放入模具中。根据所用的材料,可使用不同的方法来制造横杠22。
根据第一实施例,借助于单独或组合地从以下方法中选择的方法来实现钢制防撞梁横杠22:滚压成型(rollforming)、液压成型、冷冲压成型、热冲压成型。
根据第二实施例,借助于单独或组合地从以下方法中选择的方法来实现铝制防撞梁横杠22:冲压成型、挤出成型。
根据第三实施例,借助于单独或组合地从以下方法中选择的方法来实现由复合材料制成的防撞梁横杠22:热压缩成型、压印成型、挤出成型、拉挤成型。
根据本发明的部件10由此构成单体部件,形成这样的前部组块模块:在该前部组块模块中,空气动力学功能集成到结构性框架中的防撞梁,该结构性框架部分地由防撞梁本身形成。
因此重要之处在于,结构性部分20和半结构性部分30具有高度的黏合,以免尤其在车辆碰撞情况下分离。
为此,根据一个实施方式,通过在包覆模制之前在结构性部分20中实现开孔以使得包覆模制塑料材料蠕动穿过开孔来改善结构性部分20与半结构性部分30之间的机械黏合。
为了改善两个部分之间的黏合,也可替代或补充地通过实现以下步骤中的至少一个来改善结构性部分20与半结构性部分30之间的化学黏合:
-在包覆模制之前通过喷粉、喷洒、胶合和/或使用膜在结构性部分20上添加黏合剂;
-在塑料材料的树脂(例如马来酸酐)中添加黏合剂。
根据一个实施方式,半结构性部分30在注射时通过单个步骤来实现。即同时模制由半结构性部分30承载的所有功能。由此,没有附加组装地将各个功能直接集成到单体部件中。由此能够在单个包覆模制步骤时包覆模制传感器支承件、由模制而成的空气引导件、用于可动活板的框架等,而无需固定附加支承件。
根据第二实施方式,半结构性部分30在注射步骤时由两种材料制成。该方式的优点在于能够集成柔性唇部,该柔性唇部促进与保险杠和/或发动机冷却系统的密封性。柔性唇部可由弹性体类型的材料制成。
当然,还考虑用在包覆模制步骤之后组装的元件50(例如:受控活瓣58、发动机装置、接线、电子装置、传感器等)来补充单体部件10的功能。
词汇表
10:形成用于机动车辆的前部组块的单体部件
20:单体部件10的结构性部分
22:结构性部分20的防撞梁横杠
24:结构性部分20的“吸能盒”类型的碰撞吸收器
26:结构性部分20的行人碰撞保护系统
30:单体部件10的半结构性部分
40:半结构性部分30的空气动力系统
42:空气动力系统40的用于受控活瓣的框架
44:空气动力系统40的空气引导件
46:空气动力系统40的车身下方导流器
48:单体部件10的护板
50:由半结构性部分30支承的功能性元件,该功能性元件在包覆模制步骤之后被组装在部件10上
52:功能性元件50中的冷却系统
54:功能性元件50中的保险杠蒙皮
56:功能性元件50中的光学元件
58:受控活瓣

Claims (21)

1.一种形成用于机动车辆的前部组块的单体部件(10),所述前部组块包括构成吸能系统的结构性部分(20)和形成至少一个空气动力系统(40)的模制而成的半结构性部分(30),所述半结构性部分(30)包覆模制在所述结构性部分(20)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的部件(10),其中,所述空气动力系统(40)单独或组合地包括以下元件中的至少一个:用于受控活瓣的框架(42)、空气引导件(44)、车身下方导流器(46)、护板(48)。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10),其中,所述半结构性部分(30)能够支承以下功能性元件(50)中的至少一个:冷却系统(52)、保险杠蒙皮(54)、光学元件(56)。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10),其中,所述半结构性部分(30)由基于以下产品中的至少一种的热塑性材料制成:聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PC-PBT)。
5.如权利要求4所述的部件(10),其中,所述热塑性材料由增强成分增强。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10),其中,所述半结构性部分(30)由两种材料制成,并包括由弹性体类型的材料制成的唇部。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10),其中,所述结构性部分(20)包括以下元件中的至少一个:防撞梁横杠(22)、“吸能盒”类型的碰撞吸收器(24)、行人碰撞保护系统(26)。
8.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10),其中,所述结构性部分(20)包括由钢、铝或复合材料制成的防撞梁横杠(22)。
9.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10),其中,所述半结构性部分(30)支承电池组充电器和/或电子控制单元(ECU)。
10.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的部件(10)与以下功能性元件(50)中的至少一个的组合:冷却系统(52)、保险杠蒙皮(54)、光学元件(56)。
11.一种用于制造如权利要求1至9中任一项所述单体部件(10)的方法,所述单体部件(10)形成用于机动车辆的前部组块,在所述方法中,实现构成吸能系统的所述结构性部分(20),然后借助于模具和塑料材料在所述结构性部分(20)上包覆模制所述半结构性部分(30),以使得所述半结构性部分(30)形成至少一个空气动力系统(40)。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述模具是注射模具。
13.如权利要求11和12中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述结构性部分(20)是借助于从以下方法中单独或组合地选择的方法来实现钢制防撞梁横杆(22)从而来实现所述结构性部分(20):滚压成型、液压成型、冷冲压成型、热冲压成型。
14.如权利要求11和12中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述结构性部分(20)是借助于从以下方法中单独或组合地选择的方法来实现铝制防撞梁横杆(22)从而来实现所述结构性部分(20):冲压成型、挤出成型。
15.如权利要求11和12中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述结构性部分(20)是借助于从以下方法中单独或组合地选择的方法来实现复合材料制成的防撞梁横杆(22)从而来实现所述结构性部分(20):热压缩成型、压印成型、挤出成型、拉挤成型。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法,其中,将所述防撞梁横杠(22)作为待包覆模制的插件放入所述模具中。
17.如权利要求11至16中任一项所述的方法,其中,通过在包覆模制之前在所述结构性部分(20)中实现开孔以便包覆模制的塑料材料蠕动穿过所述开孔来改善所述结构性部分(20)与所述半结构性部分(30)之间的机械黏合。
18.如权利要求11至17中任一项所述的方法,其中,通过实现以下步骤中的至少一个来改善所述结构性部分(20)与所述半结构性部分(30)之间的化学黏合:
在包覆模制之前通过喷粉、喷洒、胶合和/或使用膜在所述结构性部分上添加黏合剂;
在所述塑料材料的树脂(例如马来酸酐)中添加黏合剂。
19.如权利要求11至18中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述半结构性部分(30)是通过单次包覆模制步骤来实现的。
20.如权利要求11至19中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述半结构性部分(30)是由两种材料制成的,其中所述材料中的至少一种是弹性体类型的材料。
21.如权利要求11至20中任一项所述的方法,其中,在所述包覆模制步骤之后,在所述单体部件(10)上组装附属功能(50),例如:受控活瓣(58)、发动机装置、接线、电子装置、传感器。
CN201811036643.6A 2017-09-07 2018-09-06 形成包括吸收系统和空气动力系统的前部组块的单体部件 Pending CN109466634A (zh)

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