CN109463673A - 一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法 - Google Patents
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法,将果粒填充、硬化再与发酵基进行发酵,接种益生菌发酵后结合真空冷冻干燥技术,生产出经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒。果蔬发酵后具有更完整的营养功能,发酵果蔬中益生菌能产生维生素,包括B1、B2、B6及维生素K等,此外,益生菌在发酵过程中产生的乳酸还有利于人体对钙、铁、钾的吸收,含有比一般果蔬丰富的营养成分和营养价值。本发明方法制备的发酵果蔬果粒为人体提供果蔬原有营养素的同时,也可以将果蔬营养价值最大化。将发酵果蔬果粒冻干,能充分保证产品原有热敏性成分,也能保证果蔬的色泽和香气、形态及益生菌的活性,延长保质期,方便食用、运输和长期贮存。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域,具体涉及一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法。
背景技术
将果蔬发酵不但对常见肠道致病菌具有预防作用,而且果蔬发酵后具有更完整的营养功能,发酵果蔬中益生菌能产生维生素,包括B1、B2、B6及维生素K等,此外,益生菌在发酵过程中产生的乳酸还有利于人体对钙、铁、钾的吸收,含有比一般果蔬丰富的营养成分和营养保健价值。发酵果蔬为人体提供果蔬原有营养素的同时,也可以将果蔬营养价值最大化。但发酵果蔬的益生菌活性及产品稳定性差,难保存,需冷藏保存且保质期短,限制了发酵果蔬的生产及销售。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服发酵果蔬益生菌活性及产品稳定性差,难保存,需冷藏保存且保质期短的问题,提供一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制品及其制备方法,将果蔬清洗消毒、切果粒、果粒填充、果粒硬化、发酵基配制、添加果粒、杀菌、接种、发酵、速冻,然后在一定真空环境中使其冻结的水分子直接升华为汽态水溢出而达到干燥目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法,其特征在于其制备原料包括以下重量份的成分:果蔬果粒60-70份,单倍脱色果汁30-40份,麦芽糊精0.5-2份,变性淀粉0.5-2份,低聚果糖0.5-2份,活性益生菌0.01-0.03份;
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)果蔬清洗消毒:将挑选合格的果蔬用200-300 ppm次氯酸钠溶液清洗消毒备用;
(2)切果粒:将洗净果蔬去皮,切为1cm*2cm*1cm-2cm*3cm*1cm果粒后用80-100℃热水漂烫30-120 s;
(3)果粒填充:将果粒浸入0.5-2%麦芽糊精和0.5-2%变性淀粉的填充剂中浸泡填充30-60 min,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次;
(4)果粒硬化:将填充后的果粒浸入硬化液中浸泡硬化30-60 min,硬化液与果粒比例为2:1,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次,再用清水漂洗干净待用;
(5)发酵基配制:将单倍脱色果汁、低聚果糖按上述比例搅拌混匀,确保发酵基糖度与果粒糖度一致,避免果粒析水;
(6)果粒添加:将果粒按上述重量组分加入发酵基中并用氮气搅拌均匀;
(7)杀菌:将搅拌均匀的上述物料在121℃加热15-30 s进行杀菌;
(8)接种:将上述物料冷却至25-30℃后在无菌环境下接种益生菌;
(9)发酵:将接种物料在30-37℃下发酵24-48 h,并用氮气进行搅拌,每30 min搅拌一次;
(10)速冻:将上述物料连同模具放入真空冷冻干燥机速冻,直至物料冻实,温度为-20℃~-40℃;
(11)真空冷冻干燥:将上述预冻好的物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中,进行真空冷冻干燥处理;
(12)包装:采用充氮包装。
优选地,上述步骤(4)中硬化液为5-10%氢氧化钠,0.1-0.5%氯化钙,0.1-0.5%果胶酯酶加水复配而成。
优选地,上述步骤(9)中所用益生菌为双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌亚种、副干酪乳杆菌或嗜热链球菌复配菌种其中的一种或多种,所述益生菌的接种量为0.01-0.03 DCU/G。
优选地,上述步骤(11)中真空冷冻干燥处理的具体步骤为,启动设备,开启冻干仓制冷,把装有物料的托盘装入物料箱内,预冻1-2 h,物料预冷温度达到-20 ℃~-40℃后抽真空,当真空压力降至30-100 Pa时,开始升温,并继续抽真空,设备运行18~40 h,物料温度为45-60℃后,物料温度保持1-2 h内不变,关闭设备。
本发明制备方法先将果粒填充、硬化再与发酵基进行发酵,接种益生菌发酵后结合真空冷冻干燥技术,生产出经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒。果蔬发酵后具有更完整的营养功能,发酵果蔬中益生菌能产生维生素,包括B1、B2、B6及维生素K等,此外,益生菌在发酵过程中产生的乳酸还有利于人体对钙、铁、钾的吸收,含有比一般果蔬丰富的营养成分和营养保健价值。发酵果蔬为人体提供果蔬原有营养素的同时,也可以将果蔬营养价值最大化。将发酵果蔬果粒冻干,能充分保证产品原有热敏性成分,也能保证果蔬的色泽和香气、形态及益生菌的活性,延长保质期,方便食用,便于运输和长期贮存。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
最小加工:对水果原料进行最小加工,充分保证原有热敏性成分、光敏性成分以及抗氧化成分最大程度保留到产品中;同时采用现代工艺抑制产品酶活,防止褐变,保证品质。
低温加工:传统热处理在保证产品安全性的同时也造成了风味劣变、营养成分破坏、加速分子间反应引发有害副产物等一系列问题,低温加工能较好避免上述问题。
益生菌发酵:采用双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌亚种、副干酪乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌复配菌种发酵,风味口感更丰富饱满,发酵后具有更完整的营养功能,发酵果蔬中益生菌能产生维生素,包括B1、B2、B6及维生素K等,此外,益生菌在发酵过程中产生的乳酸还有利于人体对钙、铁、钾的吸收,含有比一般果蔬汁丰富的营养成分和营养保健价值。发酵果蔬为人体提供果蔬原有营养素的同时,也可以将果蔬营养价值最大化。
活性益生菌:采用真空冷冻干燥技术,不仅保留了发酵果蔬中的益生菌活性,经真空冷冻干燥后产品中的活性益生菌处于休眠状态,可长期保存。
果粒完整性:为保证果粒在搅拌、发酵及冻干过程中的完整性,先用0.5-2%麦芽糊精和0.5-2%变性淀粉的填充剂浸泡填充30-60 min,再用5-10%氢氧化钠,0.1-0.5%氯化钙,0.1-0.5%果胶酯酶复配而成的硬化剂浸泡30-60 min进行硬化处理,采用氮气搅拌避免机械损伤,并用真空冷冻干燥技术进行冻干处理,避免果粒收缩变形。
复水性极好: 固态冰晶升华成水蒸气后在食品物料中留下大量空隙,而且冻干产品具有干燥的海绵状多孔性结构,产品因此具有理想的速溶性和快速复水性,复水率可达90%以上。
常温长保质期:冻干发酵水果果粒系列产品,解决了水果不易于长距离运输,难以保鲜储藏的难题;也克服了发酵果蔬汁冷链运输、冷柜销售、不易储存、保质期短的缺点。并且经真空冷冻干燥的活性益生菌处于休眠状态,产品可常温干燥保存且保质期长。
无添加:产品不添加香精、色素及防腐剂,健康安全,适合大众人群尤其是儿童食用。
多重食用方法:食用方便,既可以作为休闲零食,补充营养直接干吃,产品复水性好,又可以复水饮用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥苹果果粒按照以下步骤进行制备:
按照如下重量份的原料称取:苹果果粒60份,单倍脱色苹果汁37.5份,麦芽糊精1份,变性淀粉1份,低聚果糖0.5份,活性益生菌0.02份。
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥苹果果粒的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)苹果清洗消毒:将挑选合格的苹果用200-300 ppm次氯酸钠溶液清洗消毒备用;
(2)切果粒:将洗净苹果去皮,切为1cm*2cm*1cm-2cm*3cm*1cm果粒后用95℃热水漂烫90 s;
(3)果粒填充:将果粒浸入1%麦芽糊精和1%变性淀粉的填充剂中浸泡填充50 min,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次;
(4)果粒硬化:将填充后的果粒浸入硬化液中浸泡硬化60 min,硬化液为10%氢氧化钠,0.3%氯化钙,0.1%果胶酯酶复配而成,硬化液与果粒比例为2:1,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次,再用清水漂洗干净待用;
(5)发酵基配制:将单倍脱色苹果汁、低聚果糖按上述比例搅拌混匀,确保发酵基糖度与果粒糖度一致,避免果粒析水;
(6)果粒添加:将果粒按上述组分加入发酵基中并用氮气搅拌均匀;
(7)杀菌:将搅拌均匀的上述物料在121℃加热15-30 s进行杀菌;
(8)接种:将上述物料冷却至25-30℃后在无菌环境下接种益生菌;
(9)发酵:将接种物料在35-37℃下发酵24-48 h,并用氮气进行搅拌,每30 min搅拌一次;
(10)真空冷冻干燥:将发酵好的物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中,启动设备,开启冻干仓制冷,把装有物料的托盘装入物料箱内;物料预冷温度达到-20℃~-40℃后抽真空,当真空压力降至30-100 Pa时,并设置真空度为100-120 Pa;然后开始升温,温度曲线如下:1 h内升温至90℃,保温5 h;降温至80℃保持5 h;降至65℃保持5 h,最后降至55℃保持10 h,直至物料恒温后,关闭设备。
(11)包装:采用充氮包装,既可以隔绝氧气防止产品氧化,又可以保护产品完整外形不易被破坏,且无需低温贮藏,节省了运输费用。保护产品完整外形不易被破坏,且无需低温贮藏,节省了运输费用。
实施例2
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥梨果粒按照以下步骤进行制备:
按照如下重量份的原料称取:梨果粒65份,单倍脱色梨汁31.5份,麦芽糊精1份,变性淀粉1份,低聚果糖0.5份,活性益生菌0.02份。
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥梨果粒的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)梨清洗消毒:将挑选合格的梨用200-300 ppm次氯酸钠溶液清洗消毒备用;
(2)切果粒:将洗净梨去皮,切为1cm*2cm*1cm-2cm*3cm*1cm果粒后用95℃热水漂烫90s;
(3)果粒填充:将果粒浸入1%麦芽糊精和1%变性淀粉的填充剂中浸泡填充50 min,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次;
(4)果粒硬化:将填充后的果粒浸入硬化液中浸泡硬化60 min,硬化液为10%氢氧化钠,0.3%氯化钙,0.1%果胶酯酶复配而成,硬化液与果粒比例为2:1,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次,再用清水漂洗干净待用;
(5)发酵基配制:将单倍脱色梨汁、低聚果糖按上述比例搅拌混匀,确保发酵基糖度与果粒糖度一致,避免果粒析水;
(6)果粒添加:将果粒按上述组分加入发酵基中并用氮气搅拌均匀;
(7)杀菌:将搅拌均匀的上述物料在121℃加热15-30 s进行杀菌;
(8)接种:将上述物料冷却至25-30℃后在无菌环境下接种益生菌;
(9)发酵:将接种物料在35-37℃下发酵24-48 h,并用氮气进行搅拌,每30 min搅拌一次;
(10)真空冷冻干燥:将发酵好的物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中,启动设备,开启冻干仓制冷,把装有物料的托盘装入物料箱内;物料预冷温度达到-20℃~-40℃后抽真空,当真空压力降至30-100 Pa时,并设置真空度为100-120 Pa;然后开始升温,温度曲线如下:1 h内升温至90℃,保温5 h;降温至80℃保持5 h;降至65℃保持5 h,最后降至55℃保持10 h,直至物料恒温后,关闭设备。
(11)包装:采用充氮包装,既可以隔绝氧气防止产品氧化,又可以保护产品完整外形不易被破坏,且无需低温贮藏,节省了运输费用。保护产品完整外形不易被破坏,且无需低温贮藏,节省了运输费用。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法,其特征在于其制备原料包括以下重量份的成分:果蔬果粒60-70份,单倍脱色果汁30-40份,麦芽糊精0.5-2份,变性淀粉0.5-2份,低聚果糖0.5-2份,活性益生菌0.01-0.03份;
一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)果蔬清洗消毒:将挑选合格的果蔬用200-300 ppm次氯酸钠溶液清洗消毒备用;
(2)切果粒:将洗净果蔬去皮,切为1cm*2cm*1cm-2cm*3cm*1cm果粒后用80-100℃热水漂烫30-120 s;
(3)果粒填充:将果粒浸入0.5-2%麦芽糊精和0.5-2%变性淀粉的填充剂中浸泡填充30-60 min,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次;
(4)果粒硬化:将填充后的果粒浸入硬化液中浸泡硬化30-60 min,硬化液与果粒比例为2:1,用氮气搅拌,每10 min搅拌一次,再用清水漂洗干净待用;
(5)发酵基配制:将单倍脱色果汁、低聚果糖按上述比例搅拌混匀,确保发酵基糖度与果粒糖度一致,避免果粒析水;
(6)果粒添加:将果粒按上述重量组分加入发酵基中并用氮气搅拌均匀;
(7)杀菌:将搅拌均匀的上述物料在121℃加热15-30 s进行杀菌;
(8)接种:将上述物料冷却至25-30℃后在无菌环境下接种益生菌;
(9)发酵:将接种物料在30-37℃下发酵24-48 h,并用氮气进行搅拌,每30 min搅拌一次;
(10)速冻:将上述物料连同模具放入真空冷冻干燥机速冻,直至物料冻实,温度为-20℃~-40℃;
(11)真空冷冻干燥:将上述预冻好的物料置于真空冷冻干燥机中,进行真空冷冻干燥处理;
(12)包装:采用充氮包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法,其特征在于:上述步骤(4)中硬化液为5-10%氢氧化钠,0.1-0.5%氯化钙,0.1-0.5%果胶酯酶加水复配而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法,其特征在于:所述益生菌为双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌亚种、副干酪乳杆菌或嗜热链球菌复配菌种其中的一种或多种,所述益生菌的接种量为0.01-0.03 DCU/G。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种经益生菌发酵的真空冷冻干燥果蔬果粒制备方法,其特征在于:上述步骤(11)中真空冷冻干燥处理的具体步骤为,启动设备,开启冻干仓制冷,把装有物料的托盘装入物料箱内,预冻1-2 h,物料预冷温度达到-20 ℃~-40℃后抽真空,当真空压力降至30-100 Pa时,开始升温,并继续抽真空,设备运行18~40 h,物料温度为45-60℃后,物料温度保持1-2 h内不变,关闭设备。
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