CN109452474B - Mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on micro-storage straws and preparation method - Google Patents
Mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on micro-storage straws and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on micro-straw storage and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of feed processing in animal husbandry. The local straw resources are fully utilized, and the wrapped micro-storage straws are prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria in the field for storage. Then unpacking and crushing the micro-straw in a TMR (Total Mixed Ration) processing factory according to the fattening nutritional needs of the lambs, mixing with other feed raw materials, adding a compound microbial inoculum, performing secondary wrapping fermentation to prepare a two-stage lamb fattening fermentation full-mixed ration, and respectively satisfying the weight increase of 15-30kg and 31-45kg in two stages in the fattening period, thereby realizing the industrial production of the fattening lambs in the southern farm areas under the condition of forage grass resource shortage. By applying the method, the average daily gain of the Boza goats in the fattening period can reach more than 190g/d, and the direct cost of the daily ration is lower than 1.5 yuan according to the current market price accounting.
Description
One, the technical field
The invention relates to a micro-straw-based mutton sheep fattening FTMR (fermented total mixed ration) and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of animal husbandry feed processing and being suitable for intensive whole-house feed production of mutton sheep.
Second, technical background
China is a big country for straw production, the annual output of straws is nearly 8 hundred million tons, and the resource ownership is at the top of the world. However, 35% of about 2.6 million tons of residual straw is not reasonably utilized except that 30% is used as fuel, 25% is used as feed, 6% -7% is directly returned to the field, and 2% -3% is used as industrial production raw material. In the season of harvesting and cutting in summer and autumn, the straw burning not only becomes a bottleneck problem of rural environment protection, but also even becomes an important factor of the urban environment. All levels of local governments pay more attention to straw burning prohibition work, take a series of measures to prohibit burning, and actively promote the comprehensive utilization of straws to obtain a certain effect, but the phenomenon of burning the straws still exists, and the situation is still not optimistic. In foreign countries, some developed countries have already realized the comprehensive utilization of crop straws in multiple industries as early as the mid-80 s. At present, research on comprehensive application technologies of crop straws has a high level, and the wide application of the technologies is established on the basis of industrialization and commodity economy. For example, in the field of comprehensive development and utilization of agricultural wastes (including crop straws), the agricultural wastes are developed and applied by adopting a system engineering technology, and the crop straws are developed and utilized by applying a multidisciplinary cross technology to develop and produce commercial feeds, so that a technical system for improving the nutrient content of straw feeds, the feed intake of animals, the feed conversion rate and the like is formed. In the future, the technology of producing straw pellet feed in Germany can completely change the basic structure of the straw, thereby improving the digestibility of the straw feed eaten by animals by 30 to 50 percent. Further, as in korea, as early as 20 years ago, the government began to pay attention to the utilization of crop straw resources as a feed, and the first "cellulosic feed factory" was established by government investment, and the development and research of the utilization of rice micro-storage was continuously supported in the form of national projects, and a breakthrough progress was made. The mechanization of each link of rice and wheat harvesting, straw collecting, fermenting, wrapping and the like is realized, the straw collecting efficiency is improved, the straw collecting device is suitable for the summer stubble time, and the labor cost is reduced. Korean cattle is considered "national treasure" in Korea, and its beef price is higher than that of general beef imported from America, Jia, Australia and other countries. The Korean cattle bred by rice and wheat daily ration is fed with coarse feed with large specific gravity in the growth process and undergoes a long fattening period (22 months), so that the quality of the Korean cattle is guaranteed, and the Korean cattle has better meat quality and mouthfeel.
How to effectively change the waste into valuable has become a focus of social attention. Some new technologies proposed in recent years, such as straw returning, straw biogas production, straw power generation, straw blocking fuel and the like, which utilize straws, have the problems of low efficiency, poor economic benefit, low input and output and the like during practical application and popularization, such as: mechanized straw returning is the most direct method, but direct returning of a large amount of straws is not practical and is not necessary. The balance of soil organic matters can be achieved because the straw stubbles accounting for 15 percent of the total amount of the straws are returned to the field, and the requirement that all the straws are returned to the field is not scientific; when the power is used for generating power, the utilization radius is very limited due to low energy density, high transportation cost and the like; the biogas production from the straws also faces a series of problems that the biogas digester is difficult to clean, the effect of a gas source is poor in winter, and the like. The method is an economic and efficient way for solving the problems of environmental harm caused by waste straws and serious shortage of cattle and sheep coarse fodder in southern agricultural areas by utilizing straw feed and returning the straws to the field after passing through the abdomen.
The TMR (Total Mixed ration) is a total Mixed ration, which is a complete ration with balanced nutrition obtained by fully mixing the crushed coarse material, the refined material and various additives according to the nutritional requirements of ruminants (cattle, sheep, and the like). TMR technology began in the 50's of the 20 th century, initially a full ration carefully designed by american technologists for free-ranging cows. The method has gradually attracted high attention from countries in the world, and the method is widely applied to developed dairy cow countries such as the United states, Israel and the like, and then rapidly develops to Canada, Japan and the like. A large number of scientific experiments and feeding practices prove that the TMR technology has the following outstanding advantages: the method is suitable for large-scale and intensive production, and labor and time are saved for feeding and management; coarse feeds such as industrial and agricultural byproducts, forage grass and silage can be effectively utilized, the fine and coarse proportion is ensured, and feed waste and rumen dysfunction caused by picky feeding are avoided; and thirdly, the feed formula is optimized by using a system regulation theory and technology conveniently, and the genetic potential of the growth of the ruminant is fully exerted.
In the 90 s of the 20 th century, TMR technology began to be applied to dairy farms in China, and large and medium-sized dairy farms in various places were basically adopted and achieved better effects. However, research and application related to TMR began late in mutton sheep. At present, in most of small and medium-sized sheep farms, the daily ration composition of mutton sheep still stays on a binary feed structure of straw and grain, and the feeding mode still generally adopts a fine and coarse separated feeding method. The method can not meet the requirements of large-scale and intensive production of modern mutton sheep. The main problems are as follows: it is difficult to ensure the feeding of the feed with proper and stable fine and coarse proportion, and simultaneously, because the dynamic balance of digestion and metabolism in the rumen is disturbed, the digestibility of the coarse fiber is reduced, and the production performance of the mutton sheep is influenced. The TMR technology can overcome the problems to a great extent. However, TMR also has some problems in the practical application process, especially in order to ensure the mixing uniformity of ration and prevent animals from picking, it is often necessary to add water during the stirring process (the water content of feed is usually controlled at 40% -50%), so that TMR is easy to rot and deteriorate, and the loss of feed nutrient substances even causes animal diseases. Moreover, medium and small-scale sheep farms or even scattered breeding in China exist for a long time, the purchase cost of mechanical equipment required by TMR feed production is far beyond the bearing, the produced total mixed ration cannot be stored for a long time, deterioration occurs within 24 hours, and farmers are expected to be unreachable to TMR ration under many conditions.
FTMR (fermented Total Mixed ration) is a biological feed which is rich in high-activity probiotics and nutrient substances and is formed by degrading and converting some macromolecules and anti-nutrient substances which are not beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals in the feed through fermenting beneficial microorganisms such as saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and the like in a sealed condition. The fermented TMR technology was developed in japan in the 90 th 20 th century, and is being studied in europe, the usa, and in the developed countries of the dairy industry such as japan. Research shows that the FTMR has better palatability and can effectively maintain the nutrient content in TMR; in addition, the feed additive also has strong aerobic stability, and effectively prevents the feed from being rotten and deteriorated. Compared with the common TMR, the FTMR has great advantages in daily ration nutrition protection and transportation, can obviously improve the production performance and the feed utilization rate of ruminants, and obviously increase the economic benefit of farms (farmers). The TMR fermentation not only has the advantages of TMR, but also is completed by a factory due to the processing link, thereby avoiding the high investment of TMR mixing equipment. In addition, the palatability, the digestibility, the absorptivity and the nutritional value of the TMR are obviously improved after microbial fermentation. Therefore, on the basis of the previous stage of the research of the micro-storage straw TMR, the invention prepares the fermented TMR suitable for two fattening stages of the lambs by adding the compound microbial inoculum for secondary wrapping fermentation, so as to meet the requirements of standardized and intensive fattening production of the lambs.
Third, the invention
Technical problem
The invention provides a mutton sheep fattening FTMR (fermented total mixed ration) based on micro-storage straw and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively change waste straws into valuables, is an economical and efficient way for solving the problems of environmental harm caused by waste straws and serious shortage of cattle and sheep coarse fodder in southern agricultural areas, can obviously improve the production performance and the feed utilization rate of ruminants, and obviously increase the economic benefit of farms (farmers).
Technical scheme
The method comprises the steps of selecting micro-storage straws, bean curd residues, corn flour, cottonseed meal, palm meal, molasses and the like as fermentation raw materials, performing systematic optimization on three factors including raw material sources, cost and nutritional components according to NY/T816-2004-Chinese lamb fattening nutritional requirement (according to expected daily gain of 200g), forming a TMR formula of two weight growth stages in a lamb fattening period, and adding yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus for fermentation to prepare the FTMR.
The invention relates to a mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on micro-stored straws, which comprises two stages of 15-30kg and 31-45kg of body weight in a lamb fattening period, and balanced nutrition supply except drinking water, and is characterized in that:
1) the mass ratio of the daily ration used in 15-30kg weight stage is as follows:
8 to 11 percent of corn, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of molasses, 8 to 10 percent of cottonseed meal, 6 to 9 percent of palm meal, 9 to 11 percent of fresh soybean curd residue, 55 to 65 percent of micro-storage straw and 1.5 to 2.0 percent of premix.
2) The weight ratio of the daily ration used for 31-45kg weight stage is as follows:
8 to 11 percent of corn, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of molasses, 9 to 12 percent of cottonseed meal, 7 to 10 percent of palm meal, 11 to 14 percent of fresh soybean curd residue, 45 to 60 percent of micro-storage straw and 1.5 to 2.0 percent of premix.
The mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on the micro straw silage is characterized in that:
premixing: the main components and the mass ratio are as follows: 70-80% of attapulgite, 8-10% of salt, 2-3% of compound amino acid, 1-2% of compound vitamin, 8-10% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.1-0.3% of monensin.
The mutton sheep fattening fermented total mixed ration based on the micro-storage straws is characterized by comprising the following main raw materials in parts by weight:
micro-storage of straws: dry matter content 45% -55%, crude protein 4% -7%, crude fiber 30% -40%, crude fat 1% -2%, ash content less than 15%;
fresh soybean curd residue: dry matter content 15-25%, crude protein 10-15%, crude fiber 20-25%, crude fat 1-2%, calcium 0.4-0.7%, and phosphorus 0.2-0.4%.
The mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on the micro straw silage is characterized in that: the daily ration comprises 40% < moisture <50%, 13% < crude protein <16%, 20% < crude fiber <25%, 0.7% < calcium <0.8%, and 0.3% < phosphorus <0.4% by mass.
The preparation method of the FTMR for fattening mutton sheep based on the micro straw comprises the following steps:
1) the processing method of the micro-storage straw comprises the following steps: harvesting rice when the rice is in a mature period and 1/3 leaves are green leaves, additionally arranging a straw chopping device on the harvester, adjusting the interval of cutters to enable the length of chopped and thrown grass to be about 1/3 of the length of the whole plant, airing the chopped straw in the field for 24 hours, gathering the straw by a raking machine, bundling and wrapping the straw by a straw wrapping machine, spraying lactobacillus plantarum while bundling, and coating 5-6 layers. The prepared wrapped micro-straw is transported to a processing plant to be vertically stacked and stored for more than 15 days.
2) The processing method of the premix comprises the following steps: weighing the attapulgite as a diffusant according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed attapulgite into a premixer, adding the calcium hydrophosphate, the compound amino acid, the compound vitamin and the salt into the premixer at intervals of 2-3 minutes along with stirring, and finally stirring for 8-10 minutes.
3) The processing method of the concentrated material mixture comprises the following steps: then mixing according to the formula proportion, and adding the raw materials with large proportion amount in the feeding sequence firstly and adding the raw materials with small amount later; adding the materials with small specific gravity first and adding the materials with large specific gravity later, wherein the mixing time is 10 minutes, and bagging the materials for later use after the materials are mixed.
4) The processing method of the fermented total mixed ration comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pulverizing semen Maydis by conventional method, and bagging, wherein the aperture of the sieve plate of the pulverizer is 2-3 mm.
Step two: unpacking and putting the micro-storage straws into a TMR crushing and stirring all-in-one machine, wherein the crushing time is 30-40 minutes, and the crushing length of the straws is 2.5-3.5 cm.
Step three: weighing the raw materials according to the formula proportion, sequentially adding all the raw materials into a TMR crushing and stirring integrated machine for mixing, simultaneously uniformly stirring and adding the composite fermentation inoculant, wherein the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: corn flour, cottonseed meal, palm meal, raw bean dregs, premix and molasses, and mixing for 5-10 minutes after feeding;
step four: conveying the mixed TMR to a bundling and wrapping integrated machine for bundling and wrapping, wherein the number of coating layers is 5-6;
step five: conveying the prepared wrapped TMR to a finished product warehouse, stacking according to the date sequence, sticking a production date label, stacking the layers not more than 2, and fermenting the wrapped TMR in the finished product warehouse for more than 14 days.
The preparation method of the FTMR for fattening mutton sheep based on the micro straw comprises the following steps: the composite fermentation inoculant is prepared from lactobacillus SKL-2385, saccharomycetes SKL-2388 and bacillus subtilis SKL-0063 according to the weight ratio of 2: 2: 1, when in use, the composite microbial inoculum and the diluent corn flour are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 100, stirring uniformly, and then mixing with the mixed raw materials according to the proportion of 1: 1000 and stirred uniformly.
Advantageous effects
1. The FTMR is prepared by taking micro-straw as main coarse feed, matching with concentrated feed and premix, fully mixing to obtain nutritionally balanced complete ration, and performing microbial fermentation according to nutritional requirements of various lamb fattening stages, so that the fine-coarse ratio of the ration is ensured, the feed waste and rumen dysfunction caused by picky feeding are avoided, and the genetic potential of lamb growth can be fully exerted.
2. The FTMR is used for generating and accumulating a large amount of microbial strain cells with rich nutrition and metabolic products such as amino acid, organic acid, vitamins, activated trace elements, special carbohydrate and the like beneficial to organisms in the fermentation process, softening and perfuming the feed, and increasing the nutrition, thereby changing the physicochemical properties of the feed and improving the palatability, the digestibility, the absorptivity and the nutritional value of the feed. The mycotoxin possibly existing in the feed raw materials is also degraded in the fermentation process, the use of pharmaceutical additives such as antibiotics and the like is reduced, and the health level of fattening lambs is improved, so that the safety of mutton products is improved.
3. The lamb fattening FTMR has rich raw material sources, simple processing technology and low production cost, and is beneficial to large-scale and commercial production. After the application, the production of the fattening sheep is not limited by natural feed and pasture resource conditions, and the production scale of the fattening sheep can be adjusted in time according to market demands. Meanwhile, as only one daily ration is used in a fattening stage, the nutritional indexes required by weight increase can be met, the production flow is simplified and scientific, the fattening effect is reliable, the production efficiency is high, and the comprehensive cost is low. The two types of daily rations respectively correspond to two fattening stages, provide different nutrition levels along with weight increase, and are more scientific and reasonable.
4. The fattening FTMR is used for fattening the Boer hybrid lambs of 4-6 months after weaning, the average daily gain reaches over 190g, and the fattening FTMR has good fattening effect. The daily average hair income can reach 4.81 yuan, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1: apparent change of FTMR
FIG. 2: yield change condition of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid of FTMR (microbial Fleminginess) treated by different composite strains
FIG. 3: treatment of NH with different complex species3Changes in N and lactic acid production
FIG. 4: the weight increase of the fattening sheep fed with the feed of the invention
Fifth, detailed description of the invention
(I) preparation of raw materials
Micro-storage of straws: in the agricultural region of south of the Yangtze river, when the rice plant has 1/3 leaves which are green leaves in the mature period, the rice is harvested and threshed, and the threshed straw is made up through the processes of drying in the sun, bundling, spraying bacteria, wrapping and fermenting. According to the test, the dry matter content of the micro-storage straws is 45-55%, the crude protein is 4-7%, the crude fiber is 30-40%, the crude fat is 1-2%, and the ash content is less than 15%. The yield of the straws in the agricultural region of the south of the Yangtze river is high, and the micro-storage straws are applied in a large area as an effective mode for straw forage making, so the supply is sufficient.
Palm meal: the palm kernel oil has the advantages of low price, no anti-nutritional factors, no aflatoxin pollution, antioxidation and the like, and can be used as a protein feed for ruminants and an energy feed due to high content of crude protein and crude fat. The dry matter content of the palm meal is 87.0%, the crude protein is 16.4%, the crude fiber is 19.4%, the crude fat is 7.9%, the calcium is 0.1%, the phosphorus is 0.4%, and the ash content is 6.6%. The production place of the raw material is tropical area where oil palm is widely planted, and in recent years, the raw material is widely imported from southeast Asia and sold in various places.
Fresh soybean curd residue: the soybean is used as a raw material to process bean curd, soybean milk or byproducts generated by the soybean milk, contains rich fibers, proteins, fat, isoflavone, vitamins and the like, and has good nutritional value. According to the test, the dry matter content of the fresh bean curd residue is 15-25%, the crude protein is 10-15%, the crude fiber is 20-25%, the crude fat is 1-2%, the calcium is 0.4-0.7%, and the phosphorus is 0.2-0.4%. The raw material is supplied in large quantities in all regions of Jiangsu.
Premixing: the self-prepared finished product comprises the following main components in proportion: 70-80% of attapulgite, 8-10% of salt, 2-3% of beneficial bacteria, 1-2% of vitamin complex, 8-10% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.1-0.3% of monensin.
Other raw materials are all derived from common varieties in the market.
(II) formulation design
According to NY/T816-2004-Chinese lamb fattening nutritional requirement (according to expected daily gain of 200g), three factors of raw material source, cost and nutritional components are systematically optimized to form a TMR formula for two weight growth stages of 15-30kg and 31-45kg in lamb fattening period.
1. The formula for daily ration of 15-30kg body weight stage is as follows:
9.49 percent of corn, 0.76 percent of molasses, 9.00 percent of cottonseed meal, 7.79 percent of palm meal, 10.7 percent of fresh soybean curd residue 5 percent, 60.49 percent of micro-storage straw and 1.72 percent of premix.
2. Formula for 31-45kg weight stage ration:
9.60 percent of corn, 0.76 percent of molasses, 10.66 percent of cottonseed meal, 8.66 percent of palm meal, 12.67 percent of fresh soybean curd residue, 55.92 percent of micro-storage straw and 1.74 percent of premix.
The premix in the formula comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 77% of attapulgite, 9.2% of salt, 2.8% of compound amino acid, 1.8% of compound vitamin, 9% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.2% of monensin.
(III) processing method
1. The processing method of the micro-storage straw comprises the following steps: the rice is harvested and threshed when the rice is in the mature period and has 1/3 green leaves, a rice straw cutting device is additionally arranged on the harvester, the interval between cutters is adjusted, the length of the cut and thrown grass is about 1/3 of the length of the whole plant, the cut rice straw is gathered by a raking machine (CLAAS LINER 27OORC) after being aired in the field for 24 hours, then a straw wrapping machine (ROLLANT 375 RC) is used for bundling and wrapping, and lactobacillus plantarum S102 (Jiangsu Sanyu bioengineering Co., Ltd., 100g of the product is added with 80kg of water and uniformly stirred) is sprayed while bundling, and the number of the coating layers is 5-6. The prepared wrapped micro-straw is transported to a processing plant to be vertically stacked and stored for more than 15 days.
2. The processing method of the premix comprises the following steps: weighing the attapulgite as a diffusant according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed attapulgite into a premixer (GHJ-180V type mixer, Jiangyin Fuzhong), adding the calcium hydrophosphate, the compound amino acid, the compound vitamin and the salt into the premixer at intervals of 2-3 minutes with stirring, and finally stirring for 8-10 minutes.
3. The processing method of the concentrated material mixture comprises the following steps: then mixing according to the formula proportion, and adding the raw materials with large proportion amount in the feeding sequence firstly and adding the raw materials with small amount later; adding the materials with small specific gravity first and adding the materials with large specific gravity later, wherein the mixing time is 10 minutes, and bagging the materials for later use after the materials are mixed.
4. The processing method of the fermented total mixed ration comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pulverizing semen Maydis by conventional method, and bagging, wherein the aperture of the sieve plate of the pulverizer is 2-3 mm.
Step two: unpacking and putting the micro-storage straws into a TMR crushing and stirring all-in-one machine, wherein the crushing time is 30-40 minutes, and the crushing length of the straws is about 3 cm.
Step three: weighing the raw materials according to the formula proportion, sequentially adding all the raw materials into a TMR (triple hybrid record) crushing and stirring all-in-one machine (9JSG-9 type, Shijiazhuang Xianghang agriculture machinery Co., Ltd.) for mixing, and simultaneously uniformly mixing with a composite fermentation microbial inoculum, wherein the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: corn flour, cottonseed meal, palm meal, raw bean dregs, premix and molasses are mixed for 5-10 minutes after feeding is finished.
Step four: and (3) conveying the mixed TMR to a bundling and wrapping integrated machine (Orkel MP2000) for bundling and wrapping, wherein the number of the coating layers is 5-6.
Step five: conveying the prepared wrapped TMR to a finished product warehouse, stacking according to the date sequence, sticking a production date label, stacking the layers not more than 2, and fermenting the wrapped TMR in the finished product warehouse for more than 14 days.
(IV) Experimental study
According to the nutrition requirement of mutton sheep in the fattening period, an FTMR formula is designed, different combined strain fermentation tests are carried out by taking the FTMR formula as a substrate, a simulated rumen in-vitro digestion test of the FTMR is carried out, and an FTMR composite microbial agent (composite strain 1) taking lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus), saccharomycetes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Bacillus subtilis (northern agricultural science and technology group) as main strains is screened out, wherein the FTMR composite microbial agent is saccharomycetes (SKL-2388, northern agricultural science and technology group), Bacillus subtilis (SKL-0063, northern agricultural science and technology group), lactic acid bacteria (SKL-2385, northern agricultural science and technology group) is prepared by the following steps of: 2: 1, when in use, the composite microbial inoculum and a diluent (corn flour) are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 100, stirring uniformly, and then mixing with the mixed raw materials according to the proportion of 1: 1000, mixing and stirring evenly, sealing and stacking for fermentation for 2 weeks. The prepared FTMR is used for feeding the 4-6 month-old Boer miscellaneous lambs after weaning, and the effect of the FTMR on the weight increase of the mutton sheep is analyzed.
(V) test results
As can be seen from FIG. 1, with increasing fermentation time, the apparent color of FTMR is improved, and gradually changes from brown mixed raw materials to golden yellow.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, with the increase of fermentation time, the yields of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid of FTMR are increased continuously, wherein the yield of the compound strain 1(T1) is the highest and is better than that of the compound strain 2 (lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis 1: 2: 2) (T2) and single lactic acid bacteria (SKL-2385, North China agricultural Biotechnology group) (L). Therefore, the compound strain 1 is selected as a fermentation microbial inoculum of the fattening FTMR of the mutton sheep.
NH3N and lactic acid are fermented metabolites which can be directly absorbed and utilized by rumen, and the effect is good when the amount of the metabolites is larger. As can be seen from FIG. 3, NH3-N and lactic acidThe yield increases significantly with the fermentation time, NH3N content at day 2, week 2 and week 3, compound inoculum 1(T1) experimental group was significantly higher than each of the other groups; the lactic acid content is highest in a lactic acid bacteria test group, and the test group of the compound strain 1(T1) is higher than that of the compound microbial inoculum 2 (T2).
As can be seen from figure 4, with the increase of the feeding days, the weight of the fattening lambs is increased continuously from 23.06kg to 31.83kg, the weight is increased by 10.77kg, the average daily gain of 45 days reaches 194.92g, and a good fattening effect is shown. The daily average feed intake in the fattening period is 1.74kg, the direct daily ration cost is 1.43 yuan, the daily average wool income can reach 4.81 yuan according to the recent market price of mutton sheep of 32 yuan/kg, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Claims (3)
1. A mutton sheep fattening FTMR based on micro-stored straws comprises two stages of meeting the requirements of 15-30kg and 31-45kg of body weight in a lamb fattening period and balancing nutrition supply except drinking water, and is characterized in that:
1) the mass ratio of the daily ration used in 15-30kg weight stage is as follows:
8 to 11 percent of corn, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of molasses, 8 to 10 percent of cottonseed meal, 6 to 9 percent of palm meal, 9 to 11 percent of fresh soybean curd residue, 55 to 65 percent of micro-storage straw and 1.5 to 2.0 percent of premix;
2) the weight ratio of the daily ration used for 31-45kg weight stage is as follows:
8 to 11 percent of corn, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of molasses, 9 to 12 percent of cottonseed meal, 7 to 10 percent of palm meal, 11 to 14 percent of fresh soybean curd residue, 45 to 60 percent of micro-storage straw and 1.5 to 2.0 percent of premix;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
premixing: the main components and the mass ratio are as follows: 70-80% of attapulgite, 8-10% of salt, 2-3% of compound amino acid, 1-2% of compound vitamin, 8-10% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.1-0.3% of monensin;
micro-storage of straws: dry matter content 45% -55%, crude protein 4% -7%, crude fiber 30% -40%, crude fat 1% -2%, ash content less than 15%;
fresh soybean curd residue: dry matter content 15-25%, crude protein 10-15%, crude fiber 20-25%, crude fat 1-2%, calcium 0.4-0.7%, phosphorus 0.2-0.4%;
the preparation method of the FTMR for fattening mutton sheep based on the micro-straw comprises the following steps:
1) the processing method of the micro-storage straw comprises the following steps: harvesting rice when the rice is in a mature period and has 1/3 green leaves, additionally arranging a straw chopping device on a harvester, adjusting the interval of cutters to enable the length of chopped and thrown grass to be 1/3 of the length of the whole plant, airing the chopped straw in the field for 24 hours, gathering the straw by a raking machine, bundling and wrapping the straw by a straw wrapping machine, spraying lactobacillus plantarum while bundling, wherein the number of layers of the wrapping film is 5-6, and conveying the prepared wrapped micro-storage straw to a processing plant to be vertically stacked and stored for more than 15 days;
2) the processing method of the premix comprises the following steps: weighing the attapulgite as a diffusant according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed attapulgite into a premixer, adding the calcium hydrophosphate, the compound amino acid, the compound vitamin and the salt into the premixer at intervals of 2-3 minutes along with stirring, and finally stirring for 8-10 minutes;
3) the processing method of the concentrated material mixture comprises the following steps: then mixing according to the formula proportion, and adding the raw materials with large proportion amount in the feeding sequence firstly and adding the raw materials with small amount later; adding the materials with small specific gravity first and adding the materials with large specific gravity later, wherein the mixing time is 10 minutes, and bagging the materials for later use after the materials are mixed;
4) the processing method of the fermented total mixed ration comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing corn by a conventional method and bagging for later use, wherein the aperture of a sieve plate of a crusher is 2-3 mm;
step two: unpacking and putting the micro-storage straws into a TMR crushing and stirring all-in-one machine, wherein the crushing time is 30-40 minutes, and the crushing length of the straws is 2.5-3.5 cm;
step three: weighing the raw materials according to the formula proportion, sequentially adding all the raw materials into a TMR crushing and stirring integrated machine for mixing, simultaneously uniformly stirring and adding the composite fermentation inoculant, wherein the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: corn flour, cottonseed meal, palm meal, fresh soybean curb residue, premix and molasses, and mixing for 5-10 minutes after feeding, wherein the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is lactobacillus SKL-2385, saccharomycete SKL-2388 and bacillus subtilis SKL-0063 according to the ratio of 2: 2: 1, when in use, the composite microbial inoculum and the diluent corn flour are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 100, stirring uniformly, and then mixing with the mixed raw materials according to the proportion of 1: 1000, mixing and stirring uniformly;
step four: conveying the mixed TMR to a bundling and wrapping integrated machine for bundling and wrapping, wherein the number of coating layers is 5-6;
step five: conveying the prepared wrapped TMR to a finished product warehouse, stacking according to the date sequence, sticking a production date label, stacking the layers not more than 2, and fermenting the wrapped TMR in the finished product warehouse for more than 14 days.
2. The micro straw-based mutton sheep fattening FTMR according to the claim 1, characterized in that: the daily ration comprises 40% < moisture <50%, 13% < crude protein <16%, 20% < crude fiber <25%, 0.7% < calcium <0.8%, and 0.3% < phosphorus <0.4% by mass.
3. Use of a micro straw based mutton sheep fattening FTMR according to claim 1 or 2 for fattening Boer hybrid lambs of 4-6 months of age.
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