CN109411470A - 反向导通igbt - Google Patents
反向导通igbt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109411470A CN109411470A CN201810934187.0A CN201810934187A CN109411470A CN 109411470 A CN109411470 A CN 109411470A CN 201810934187 A CN201810934187 A CN 201810934187A CN 109411470 A CN109411470 A CN 109411470A
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- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- conduction type
- power semiconductor
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- face terminals
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 193
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/08—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
- H01L27/082—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including bipolar components only
- H01L27/0823—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including bipolar components only including vertical bipolar transistors only
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Abstract
本发明涉及反向导通IGBT。一种功率半导体器件,其包括半导体主体、被布置在半导体主体的前侧的第一负载端子结构、以及被布置在半导体主体的后侧的第二负载端子结构,并且被配置用于借助于至少一个晶体管单元来控制在第一负载端子结构和第二负载端子结构之间的负载电流。所述晶体管单元至少部分地被包括在半导体主体中并且在一侧被电气连接到第一负载端子结构并且在另一侧被电气连接到半导体主体的漂移区,该漂移区具有第一导电类型。所述半导体主体还包括:具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区,其中在该晶体管短区和第一负载端子结构之间的过渡形成肖特基接触;以及分离区,其将该晶体管短区与漂移区分离并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型。
Description
技术领域
本说明书涉及功率半导体器件以及处理功率半导体器件的方法的实施例。特别地,本说明书涉及具有反向电流能力的功率半导体器件的实施例,诸如反向导通IGBT。
背景技术
汽车、消费者和工业应用中的现代设备的许多功能,诸如转换电能以及驱动电动机或电机,依赖于功率半导体器件。例如,仅举几例,绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)以及二极管,已经用于各种应用,包括但不限于电源和功率转换器中的开关。
功率半导体器件通常包括半导体主体,所述半导体主体被配置成在所述器件的两个负载端子之间传导负载电流。进一步地,负载电流借助于晶体管单元被控制,所述晶体管单元至少部分地被包括在半导体主体中。例如,晶体管单元包括绝缘电极,所述绝缘电极可以在从例如驱动器单元接收到对应的控制信号时将功率半导体器件设置在正向导通状态和阻断状态之一中。
偶尔,这样的功率半导体器件进一步被配置用于在所述两个负载端子之间传导反向电流。例如,可以经由所述器件的主体二极管来传导反向电流。在一些情况中,可以提供专用二极管区以便使能所述器件的这样的反向导通状态。一般合期望的是减少在这样的器件的正向导通状态和反向导通状态二者中的导通损耗。
发明内容
根据实施例,一种功率半导体器件包括半导体主体、被布置在所述半导体主体的前侧的第一负载端子结构、以及被布置在所述半导体主体的后侧的第二负载端子结构。所述功率半导体器件被配置用于借助于至少一个晶体管单元来控制在第一负载端子结构和第二负载端子结构之间的负载电流,所述晶体管单元至少部分地被包括在半导体主体中并且在一侧被电气连接到第一负载端子结构并且在另一侧被电气连接到半导体主体的漂移区,所述漂移区具有第一导电类型。所述半导体主体进一步包括:具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区,其中在所述晶体管短区和第一负载端子结构之间的过渡形成肖特基接触;以及分离区,所述分离区将所述晶体管短区与漂移区分离并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型。
根据另外的实施例,反向导通IGBT具有半导体主体以及至少部分地被实现在其中的多个晶体管单元。所述反向导通IGBT进一步在半导体主体内以及在晶体管单元外部包括:具有第一导电类型并且与反向导通IGBT的发射极端子对接的晶体管短区,其中在所述晶体管短区和发射极端子之间的过渡形成肖特基接触;以及将所述晶体管短区与反向导通IGBT的漂移区分离的分离区,所述分离区具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型,并且所述漂移区具有第一导电类型。
根据又另外的实施例,一种处理功率半导体器件的方法包括:提供具有前侧和后侧的半导体主体;在所述半导体主体内提供具有第一导电类型的漂移区;在所述前侧创建至少一个晶体管单元,其中所述晶体管单元至少部分地被包括在半导体主体中并且电气连接到漂移区;在所述半导体主体内创建:被布置在所述前侧并且具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区,以及分离所述晶体管短区与漂移区并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型的分离区;以及在所述前侧创建第一负载端子结构,使得所述第一负载端子结构电气连接到所述至少一个晶体管单元,并且在晶体管短区和第一负载端子结构之间的过渡处形成肖特基接触。
本领域技术人员在阅读以下详细描述时并且在查看附图时将认识到附加的特征和优点。
附图说明
各图中的各部分不一定是按比例的,代替地把重点放在说明本发明的原理上。此外,在各图中,同样的参考标号指明对应的部分。在附图中:
图1示意性并且示例性地图示了根据一个或多个实施例的功率半导体器件的竖直横截面的区段;
图2示意性并且示例性地图示了根据一个或多个实施例的功率半导体器件的竖直横截面的区段;
图3示意性并且示例性地图示了根据一个或多个实施例的功率半导体器件的竖直横截面的区段;
图4示意性并且示例性地图示了根据一个或多个实施例的功率半导体器件的竖直横截面的区段;以及
图5示意性并且示例性地图示了根据一个或多个实施例的功率半导体器件的竖直横截面的区段。
具体实施方式
在以下详细描述中,参考了附图,所述附图形成本文的一部分,并且在其中通过图示的方式示出了在其中可以实践本发明的特定实施例。
在这个方面,方向性术语、诸如“顶部”、“底部”、“下方”、“前方”、“后方”、“背部”、“领先”、“拖尾”、“以下”、“以上”等等可以参考正被描述的图的定向而使用。由于实施例的各部分可以以许多不同的定向而被定位,所以方向性术语用于说明的目的,并且决不是限制性的。要理解的是,可以利用其他实施例,并且可以做出结构或逻辑改变而不偏离本发明的范围。因此,以下详细描述不要以限制性意义来理解,并且本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。
现在将详细参考各种实施例,其一个或多个示例在图中被图示。每个示例通过解释的方式被提供,并且不意味着作为对本发明的限制。例如,作为一个实施例的部分所图示或描述的特征可以被使用在其他实施例上或结合其他实施例被使用以产生又另外的实施例。所意图的是本发明包括这样的修改和变化。通过使用特定的语言来描述示例,所述特定语言不应当被解释为限制所附权利要求的范围。附图不是按比例的,并且仅仅用于说明性目的。为了清楚,如果没有另行声明,则已在不同附图中通过相同的参考标记指明了相同的元件或制造步骤。
如在本说明书中所使用的术语“水平的”意图描述与半导体衬底或半导体结构的水平表面大体上平行的定向。这可以例如是半导体晶片或管芯的表面。例如,以下提及的第一横向方向X和第二横向方向Y二者可以是水平方向,其中所述第一横向方向X和第二横向方向Y可以垂直于彼此。
如本说明书中所使用的术语“竖直的”意图描述这样的定向:所述定向大体上被布置成垂直于水平表面,即平行于半导体晶片的表面的法线方向。例如,以下提及的延伸方向Z可以是垂直于第一横向方向X和第二横向方向Y二者的延伸方向。
在本说明书中,n掺杂被称为“第一导电类型”,而p掺杂被称为“第二导电类型”。可替换地,可以采用相反的掺杂关系,使得第一导电类型可以是p掺杂,并且第二导电类型可以是n掺杂。
进一步地,在本说明书中,可以用于表征特定半导体区的表述“具有第一(第二)导电类型”意图描述:相应的半导体区具有第一(第二)导电类型的净掺杂剂浓度。这一般不排除互补第二(第一)导电性的掺杂剂与第一(第二)导电类型相比以较低掺杂剂浓度的存在。
在本说明书的上下文中,术语“处于欧姆接触”、“处于电接触”、“处于欧姆连接”和“电连接的”意图描述在半导体器件的两个区、区段、区域、部分或部件之间、或者在一个或多个器件的不同端子之间、或者在半导体器件的端子或金属化部或电极与一部分或部件之间存在低欧姆电连接或低欧姆电流路径。进一步地,在本说明书的上下文中,术语“处于接触”意图描述在相应半导体器件的两个元件之间存在直接物理连接;例如,在彼此接触的两个元件之间的过渡可能不包括另外的中间元件等等。
另外,在本说明书的上下文中,如果不另行声明,则术语“电绝缘”在其一般合理理解的上下文中被使用,并且因而意图描述两个或更多组件与彼此分离地定位并且不存在连接那些组件的欧姆连接。然而,与彼此电绝缘的组件不过可以耦合到彼此,例如机械地耦合和/或电容地耦合和/或电感地耦合。为了给出示例,电容器的两个电极可以与彼此电绝缘,并且同时机械地且电容地耦合到彼此,例如借助于绝缘部,例如电介质。
在本说明书中描述的特定实施例关于可以在功率转换器或电源内使用的展现有条带单元配置的功率半导体器件(诸如功率半导体晶体管),而不被限制于此。因而,在实施例中,半导体器件被配置成承载负载电流,所述负载电流将被馈送到负载和/或相应地由功率源所提供。例如,半导体器件可以包括一个或多个有源功率半导体单元,诸如单片集成的二极管单元,和/或单片集成的晶体管单元,和/或单片集成的IGBT单元,和/或单片集成的RC-IGBT单元和/或其衍生物。这样的二极管单元和/或这样的晶体管单元可以被集成在功率半导体模块中。多个这样的单元可以构成单元场,所述单元场与功率半导体器件的有源极区布置在一起。
如本说明书中所使用的术语“功率半导体器件”意图描述具有高电压阻断和/或高电流承载能力的单个芯片上的半导体器件。换言之,这样的功率半导体器件意图用于高电流和/或高电压,所述高电流典型地在安培范围中,例如高达数十或数百安培,所述高电压典型地在100V以上,更典型地为600V及以上,例如高达至少6500V。例如,以下描述的经处理的半导体器件可以是展现有条带单元配置或者方形或多边形单元配置的半导体器件,并且可以被配置成作为低、中和/或高压应用中的功率组件而被采用。
例如,如本说明书中所使用的术语“功率半导体器件”不涉及用于例如存储数据、计算数据和/或其他类型的基于半导体的数据处理的逻辑半导体器件。
图1至5中每一个示意性并且示例性地图示了根据一些实施例的功率半导体器件1的竖直横截面的区段。以下描述一般地参考图1至5中的全部。示例性实施例的某些特征将显式地参考图1至5中的一个或多个而被更详细地解释。
所图示的横截面平行于由第一横向方向X和竖直方向Z所限定的平面。功率半导体器件1的所图示的组件中的每一个可以沿着第二横向方向Y(未图示)而延伸。
功率半导体器件1包括半导体主体10,例如基于硅或碳化硅。进一步在以下提及其他可能的半导体材料。半导体主体10耦合到功率半导体器件1的第一负载端子结构11和第二负载端子结构12中的每一个。例如,功率半导体器件1是IGBT,诸如反向导通的IGBT(RC-IGBT),并且所述第一负载端子结构11是或包括IGBT的发射极端子。第二负载端子结构12可以构成或包括例如IGBT的集电极端子。例如,第一负载端子结构11包括至少一个第一金属化部110、111、112,并且第二负载端子结构12可以包括至少一个第二金属化部。
功率半导体器件1可以展现竖直装配,根据所述竖直装配,半导体主体10被夹在第一负载端子结构11和第二负载端子结构12之间。第一负载端子结构11可以被布置在半导体主体10的前侧10-1,并且第二负载端子结构12可以被布置在半导体主体10的后侧10-2。相应地,第一负载端子结构11的所述至少一个第一金属化部110、111、112可以是前侧金属化部,并且第二负载端子结构12的所述至少一个第二金属化部可以是后侧金属化部。例如,借助于这些端子结构11和12,功率半导体器件1接收并且输出负载电流。相应地,这些端子结构11和12中的至少一个,例如第一负载端子结构11可以包括一个或多个接合衬垫(未被图示)使得例如与多个接合线对接。
半导体主体10包括漂移区100,所述漂移区100具有第一导电类型的掺杂剂。例如,漂移区100是n-掺杂区。进一步地,掺杂剂浓度以及漂移区100沿着竖直方向Z的总延伸可以基本上确定阻断能力,即功率半导体器件1的最大阻断电压。例如,阻断电压大于500V、大于1kV、或甚至大于3kV。
进一步地,一个或多个晶体管单元130被布置在前侧10-1。所述至少一个晶体管单元130可以至少部分地被包括在半导体主体10中,并且可以在一侧电气连接到第一负载端子结构11并且在另一侧电气连接到漂移区100。功率半导体器件1可以被配置用于借助于所述至少一个晶体管单元130来控制在第一负载端子结构11和第二负载端子结构12之间的电流流动。例如,第一单元130可以包括用于控制电流流动的MOS控制头。
如在图2至5中示例性地描绘的,每个晶体管单元130可以包括至少一个源极区104,所述源极区104与第一负载端子结构11电气连接。源极区104可以被包括在半导体主体10中,并且可以具有第一导电类型(例如n型)的净掺杂剂浓度。例如,源极区104包括以比漂移区100更高的掺杂剂浓度的第一导电类型(诸如n型)的掺杂剂。在其他实施例中,源极区104可以例如借助于与半导体主体10接触的金属来被形成,诸如通过在从第一负载端子结构11的一部分和半导体主体10的过渡处形成的金属到半导体过渡。半导体主体10可以被配置用于经由源极区104从和/或向第一负载端子结构11接收和/或输出负载电流。
进一步地,每个晶体管单元130可以包括沟道区101(还被称为主体区101),所述沟道区101被包括在半导体主体10中。沟道区101可以具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型的净掺杂剂浓度。例如,如果漂移区100和源极区104各自具有n型掺杂剂,则沟道区101具有p型掺杂剂。沟道区101可以被布置使得将源极区104与漂移区100隔离。晶体管单元130可以被配置用于在沟道区101内感生针对第一导电类型的掺杂剂的传输沟道。
在实施例中,沟道区101与第一负载端子结构11电气连接(参见图2至5)。例如,沟道区101可以包括具有第二导电类型的第一端口区1010,所述第一端口区1010处于比沟道区101的其余部分更高的掺杂剂浓度,其中所述第一端口区与第一负载端子结构11的第一部分110接触。例如,在第一端口区1010与第一负载端子结构11的第一部分110之间建立欧姆接触。
例如,在沟道区101与漂移区100之间的过渡处形成pn结。所述pn结可以被配置用于在功率半导体器件1的阻断状态中对阻断电压进行阻断。
为了控制在第一负载端子结构11和第二负载端子结构12之间通过功率半导体器件1的负载电流流动,每个晶体管单元130可以进一步包括控制电极1310(还被称为栅极电极),所述控制电极1310与功率半导体器件1的控制端子(还被称为栅极端子;未被图示)电气连接。控制电极1310可以被布置并且配置用于在沟道区101内感生所述传输沟道,使得所述传输沟道在沟道区101内部从源极区104延伸到漂移区100。例如,控制电极1310被配置用于取决于从功率半导体器件1的外部被提供到控制电极1310的控制信号(诸如电压信号)来感生传输沟道。例如,可以经由功率半导体器件1的栅极端子(未被图示)来提供控制信号。
在实施例中,所述至少一个控制电极1310至少部分地在沟槽131内延伸,所述沟槽131被形成在半导体主体10中。例如,沟槽131包括绝缘结构1311,所述绝缘结构1311使控制电极1310与沟道区101绝缘。所述绝缘结构1311可以包括栅极电介质,诸如氧化物,例如二氧化硅。例如,这样的沟槽131基本上沿着竖直方向Z从前侧10-1延伸到半导体主体10中,如图2至5中所描绘的。
与被布置在前侧10-1的所述至少一个晶体管单元130相反,至少一个第一后侧发射极区105在后侧10-2被提供在半导体主体10中。第一后侧发射极区105与第二负载端子结构12(例如后侧金属化部12)电气连接,并且包括第二导电类型的掺杂剂。例如,如果漂移区100是n掺杂的,诸如在n沟道IGBT 1的情况中,则第一后侧发射极区105可以被实现为p+掺杂的半导体区。第一后侧发射极区105可以被配置用于在功率半导体器件1的正向导通状态中将第二导电类型的电荷载流子注入到漂移区100中。因而,可以实现双极性正向导通模式,如从IGBT众所周知的。
在实施例中,第一后侧发射极区105的横向延伸共计半导体主体10的竖直延伸(即沿着竖直方向Z所测量的总芯片厚度)的至少20%,诸如至少50%、或甚至100%。
第一后侧发射极区105与所述至少一个晶体管单元130展现沿着第一横向方向X的第一共同横向延伸范围LX1。换言之,在被布置在半导体主体10的前侧10-1的晶体管单元130与被布置在后侧10-2的第一后侧发射极区105之间存在沿着第一横向方向X的有限横向重叠LX1。例如,所述第一共同横向延伸范围LX1共计晶体管单元130沿着第一横向方向X的横向延伸的至少10%、至少30%、至少50%、或甚至100%。例如,在存在被提供在半导体器件1中的多个晶体管单元130(参见图2-5)和/或多个第一后侧发射极区105的情况中,每个晶体管单元130与第一后侧发射极区105的相应第一共同横向延伸范围LX1的总和可共计所有晶体管单元130沿着第一横向方向X的总横向延伸的总和的至少10%、至少30%或甚至至少50%。
进一步地,除了所述至少一个第一后侧发射极区105之外,至少一个第二后侧发射极区106可以被提供在半导体主体10中。所述第二后侧发射极区106与第二负载端子结构12电气连接,并且具有第一导电类型的净掺杂剂浓度。例如,第二后侧发射极区106可以允许功率半导体器件1的反向电流能力。在实施例中,功率半导体器件1是反向导通IGBT(RC-IGBT),其中所述至少一个第二后侧发射极区106是被布置在后侧10-2的短区,诸如n短区,以便允许RC-IGBT 1的反向导通二极管操作。
例如,半导体主体10的后侧10-2展现有充当“IGBT区”的一个或多个第一后侧发射极区105以及充当“二极管区”的一个或多个第二后侧发射极区106,使得允许功率半导体器件1在正向导通状态中的IGBT操作以及在反向导通状态中的二极管操作二者。
如图1至5的每一个中所图示的,半导体主体10进一步包括具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区107,其中在所述晶体管短区107与第一负载端子结构11之间的过渡形成肖特基接触108。例如,晶体管短区107与第一负载端子结构11的第二部分112接触,其可以包括金属,诸如以下各项中的至少一个:铝(Al)、银(Ag)、金(Au)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)、镍(Ni)、钼(Mo)、钛(Ti)、钨(W)或硅化物,诸如例如硅化铂(PtSi)、硅化钴(CoSi)、硅化镍(NiSi)、硅化钛(TiSi)、硅化钼(MoSi)或硅化锰(MnSi)。在第一负载端子结构11的第二部分112的附近,晶体管短区107可以包括例如以在从1013cm-3到1017cm-3的范围中的掺杂剂浓度的n型掺杂剂。肖特基接触108因而可以被形成为在所述第二部分112和晶体管短区107之间的金属到半导体过渡。
肖特基接触108可以被配置用于在功率半导体器件1的反向导通操作期间降低沟道区101的发射极效率,这通过提供以下可能性来完成:第一导电类型的电荷载流子流动到第一负载端子结构11而不引起第二导电类型的电荷载流子从沟道区101到漂移区100中的注入。
在根据图2至5的实施例中,功率半导体器件1包括至少两个晶体管单元130,其中所述晶体管短区107被布置在所述至少两个晶体管单元130外部并且横向地在所述至少两个晶体管单元130中间。
例如,晶体管短区107被布置成横向地邻近于所述至少一个晶体管单元130的沟槽131并且与所述沟槽131接触。晶体管短区107还可以被布置成横向地邻近于两个近邻晶体管单元130中每一个的一个沟槽131并且与所述一个沟槽131接触(参见图2至5)。
在实施例中,晶体管短区107可以由至少两个沟槽131横向地限定,其中沟槽131的横向距离小于沟槽131中至少一个的深度。
半导体主体10进一步包括分离区109,所述分离区109使晶体管短区107与漂移区100分离并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型。例如,分离区109包括以从1015cm-3至1018cm-3的范围中的掺杂剂浓度的第二导电类型的掺杂剂。
在分离区109与漂移区100之间的过渡可以形成pn结103-1。例如,由于该pn结103-1,可以确保功率半导体器件1的相对高的阻断能力。
在实施例中,分离区109的至少一部分被布置成横向地邻近于沟槽131并且与所述沟槽131接触,所述沟槽131诸如功率半导体器件1的栅极沟槽131。例如,分离区109在半导体主体10内(沿着竖直方向Z)延伸得至少如所述沟槽131的深度的½那么深,诸如至少如沟槽131的深度那么深,或甚至至少如沟槽131的深度的4/3倍那么深。
分离区109还可以被布置成横向地邻近于两个近邻晶体管单元130中每一个的一个沟槽131并且与所述一个沟槽131接触,如图2至5中所图示的。
在晶体管短区107内,第一导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度沿着从分离区109指向第一负载端子结构11的方向(诸如沿着与竖直方向Z相反的方向)可以至少减少到1/10,诸如至少减少到1/100,或甚至至少减少到1/1000。
例如,晶体管短区107包括与第一负载端子结构11对接的第一部分107-1以及与分离区109对接的第二部分107-2。第一部分107-1内的第一导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度可以是第二部分107-2内的第一导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度的至多1/10,诸如至多1/100,或甚至至多1/1000。
如图3中所图示的,半导体主体10可以进一步包括接触区1014,所述接触区1014具有第二导电类型并且被布置成与第一负载端子结构11以及晶体管短区107中的每一个接触。接触区1014可以展现第二导电类型的掺杂剂在从1017cm-3到1020cm-3的范围中的浓度。例如,接触区1014可以是p+掺杂的半导体区。
在实施例中,接触区1014被布置成与沟槽131接触。进一步地,接触区1014可以通过晶体管短区107而与分离区109分离(参见图3)。
在接触区1014与晶体管短区107之间的过渡可以形成pn结。该pn结可以提供附加的路径(除了肖特基接触108之外)以用于第二导电类型的电荷载流子从半导体主体10流出到第一负载端子结构11中,例如在功率半导体器件1的开关时。
参考图2至5,功率半导体器件1可以进一步包括二极管发射极区102,所述二极管发射极区102被布置在半导体主体10内、所述至少一个晶体管单元130外部并且具有第二导电类型。例如,二极管发射极区102采取被布置在前侧10-1的p阱的形式。二极管发射极区102电气连接到第一负载端子结构11。在二极管发射极区102与漂移区100之间的过渡形成pn结103。
例如,二极管发射极区102可以与沟道区101分离地被布置。在另一实施例中,其中功率半导体器件1可以展现条带单元配置,二极管发射极区102可以被布置在相同的台面内并且与沟道区101接触。
在实施例中,二极管发射极区102展现与第二后侧发射极区106的第二共同横向延伸范围LX2。换言之,在被布置在前侧10-1的二极管发射极区102与被布置在后侧10-2的第二后侧发射极区106之间存在沿着第一横向方向X的有限横向重叠LX2。例如,所述第二共同横向延伸范围LX2共计二极管发射极区102沿着第一横向方向X的横向延伸的至少10%、至少30%、至少50%、或甚至100%。例如,在存在被提供在半导体器件1中的多个二极管发射极区102和/或多个第二后侧发射极区106的情况(未被图示)中,每个二极管发射极区102与第二后侧发射极区106的相应第二共同横向延伸范围LX2的总和可共计所有二极管发射极区102沿着第一横向方向X的总横向延伸的总和的至少10%、至少30%或甚至至少50%。
二极管发射极区102可以被布置和配置用于在功率半导体器件1的反向导通操作期间将第二导电类型的电荷载流子注入到漂移区100中。例如,第二导电类型的电荷载流子的所述注入可以基本上独立于所述至少一个晶体管单元130的开关状态、即独立于控制电极1310是否在沟道区101内感生传输沟道而发生。
在实施例中,如图2至5中所示,二极管发射极区102的至少一部分被布置成横向地邻近于沟槽131并且与所述沟槽131接触。例如,如在图2至4中的竖直横截面中所示,二极管发射极区102可以由至少两个沟槽131在横向上限定范围,类似于晶体管单元130的沟道区101。被布置成邻近于二极管发射极区102的所述一个或多个沟槽131可以包括电极1310。该电极1310可以与功率半导体器件1的栅极端子或与第一负载端子结构11电气连接,如在图2中示意性地图示的。
在图5中所图示的实施例中,二极管发射极区102具有比晶体管单元130中的每一个更大的横向延伸。例如,二极管发射极区102的横向延伸W1共计所述至少一个晶体管单元130的横向延伸W2的至少3倍、诸如至少5倍、或甚至至少10倍。
如图2和3中所描绘的,除了二极管发射极区102之外,具有第二导电类型的浮置区102-1可以被提供在半导体主体10内。例如,浮置区102-1可以通过沟槽131而与二极管发射极区102分离。进一步地,浮置区102-1可以通过绝缘区1112(诸如氧化物层)而与第一负载端子结构11绝缘。
在图4的实施例中,代替于浮置区102-1,提供另外的二极管发射极区102,所述另外的二极管发射极区102与第一负载端子结构11电气连接。
所述二极管发射极区102可以包括被布置成与第一负载端子结构11接触的第二端口区1020,其中第二端口区1020内的第二导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度是二极管发射极区102的其余部分内的第二导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度的至少10倍,诸如至少100倍、或甚至至少1000倍。例如,第二端口区1020与第一负载端子结构11的第三部分111接触(参见图2至5)。例如,在第二端口区1020与负载端子结构11的第三部分111之间的过渡处建立欧姆接触。
根据实施例,功率半导体器件1是反向导通IGBT(RC-IGBT),其具有晶体管单元场13,所述晶体管单元场13包括多个晶体管单元130以及被布置在晶体管单元场13内并且在晶体管单元130外部的多个晶体管短区107(参见图2至5)。第一负载端子11可以是RC-IGBT1的发射极端子11。反向导通IGBT 1的半导体主体10可以进一步包括多个分离区109,每个分离区109将晶体管短区107与反向导通IGBT 1的漂移区100分离,如以上描述的。进一步地,一个或多个二极管发射极区102可以被提供在半导体主体10内。
参考图2至5,半导体主体10可以进一步包括缓冲层100-1(通常还被称为场停止层),所述缓冲层100-1具有第一导电类型、处于比漂移区100更高的浓度并且将漂移区100与至少第一后侧发射极区105分离。例如,缓冲区100-1的掺杂剂浓度的最大值是漂移区100的掺杂剂浓度的至少10倍,诸如至少100倍,或甚至至少1000倍。进一步地,缓冲层100-1可以被布置和配置用于将漂移区100还与第二后侧发射极区106分离。
在变型中,半导体主体10可以包括中间区(未被图示),所述中间区具有第一导电类型、处于比漂移区100更高的掺杂剂浓度并且在晶体管单元130、二极管发射极区102以及分离区109中至少一个的下方延伸,使得漂移区100的至少一部分在所述中间区下方延伸。例如,中间区的掺杂剂浓度是漂移区100的掺杂剂浓度的至少10倍,诸如至少100倍、或甚至至少1000倍。
进一步地,参考图2至5,一个或多个绝缘块1101、1111、1121可以被提供在半导体主体10的前侧10-1、邻近于沟槽131。例如,绝缘块1101、1111、1121可以包括电介质材料,诸如氧化物,例如氧化硅。绝缘块1101、1111、1121还可以在沟槽131上方延伸并且覆盖电极1310。
根据另一实施例,呈现了一种处理功率半导体器件1的方法。所述方法可以包括以下步骤:提供具有前侧10-1和后侧10-2的半导体主体10;在所述半导体主体10内提供具有第一导电类型的漂移区100;在所述前侧10-1创建至少一个晶体管单元130,其中所述晶体管单元至少部分地被包括在半导体主体10中并且电气连接到漂移区100;在所述半导体主体10内创建:被布置在前侧10-1并且具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区107;以及分离区109,所述分离区109使晶体管短区107与漂移区100分离并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型;以及在所述前侧10-1创建第一负载端子结构11,使得所述第一负载端子结构11电气连接到所述至少一个晶体管单元130,并且在晶体管短区107和第一负载端子结构11之间的过渡处形成肖特基接触108。
实现以上呈现的方法的示例性方式可以对应于以上所描述的并且如在从属权利要求中所展开的功率半导体器件1的实施例。在此范围内,参考前述内容。
以上描述的实施例包括如下认识:在具有反向导通能力的功率半导体器件,诸如RC-IGBT中,反向导通模式中的性能可取决于被提供给晶体管单元的栅极电极的栅极-发射极电压。例如,如果通过栅极电极提供传输沟道,则可降低主体二极管的发射极效率,从而降低电荷载流子密度并且增大反向导通模式中的导通损耗。因而可以合期望的是使得功率半导体器件的反向导通行为独立于当前被提供给栅极电极的栅极-发射极电压。
根据一个或多个实施例,功率半导体器件,诸如RC-IGBT具有多个晶体管单元以及被布置在晶体管单元外部的一个或多个晶体管短区。所述至少一个晶体管短区具有第一导电类型的净掺杂剂浓度,所述第一导电类型是也在所述器件的漂移区中占优势的导电类型。在晶体管短区和第一负载端子结构(诸如在RC-IGBT的情况中的发射极端子)之间的过渡形成肖特基接触。肖特基接触可以被配置用于在功率半导体器件的反向导通操作期间降低沟道区(或主体区)的发射极效率,这通过提供以下可能性来完成:电荷载流子流动到负载端子结构而不引起第二导电类型的电荷载流子从沟道区到漂移区中的注入。
进一步地,提供具有第二导电类型的分离区,所述分离区将晶体管短区与漂移区分离。所述分离区可以被配置用于将阻断pn结构建到漂移区,从而确保功率半导体器件的相对高的阻断能力。
根据一个或多个另外的实施例,功率半导体器件可以包括二极管发射极区,所述二极管发射极区被布置在所述至少一个晶体管单元外部并且具有第二导电类型,其中所述二极管发射极区电气连接到第一负载端子结构。二极管发射极区可以被配置用于在功率半导体器件的反向导通操作期间将第二导电类型的电荷载流子注入到漂移区中。例如,第二导电类型的电荷载流子的所述注入可以基本上独立于所述至少一个晶体管单元的开关状态,即独立于控制电极是否在沟道区内感生传输沟道而发生。
在上文中,解释了关于半导体器件处理方法的实施例。例如,这些半导体器件基于硅(Si)。相应地,单晶半导体区或层,例如示例性实施例的半导体主体10、漂移区100、源极区104、以及沟道区101可以是单晶Si区或Si层。在其他实施例中,可以采用多晶或非晶硅。
然而,应该理解的是,半导体主体10和组件,例如区100、100-1、102、104、107和109可以由适合用于制造半导体器件的任何半导体材料制成。这样的材料的示例包括但不限于以下各项:元素半导体材料,诸如硅(Si)或锗(Ge);IV族化合物半导体材料,诸如碳化硅(SiC)或硅锗(SiGe);二元、三元或四元III-V半导体材料,诸如氮化镓(GaN)、砷化镓(GaAs)、磷化镓(GaP)、磷化铟(InP)、磷化铟镓(InGaPa)、氮化铝镓(AlGaN)、氮化铝铟(AlInN)、氮化铟镓(InGaN)、氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN)或磷砷化镓铟(InGaAsP);以及二元或三元II-VI半导体材料,仅举几例诸如碲化镉(CdTe)以及碲镉汞(HgCdTe)。先前提及的半导体材料还被称为“同质结半导体材料”。当组合两种不同的半导体材料时,形成异质结半导体材料。异质结半导体材料的示例包括但不限于以下各项:氮化铝镓(AlGaN)-氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN),氮化铟镓(InGaN)-氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN),氮化铟镓(InGaN)-氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铝镓(AlGaN)-氮化镓(GaN),氮化铟镓(InGaN)-氮化铝镓(AlGaN),硅-碳化硅(SixC1-x)以及硅-SiGe异质结半导体材料。对于功率半导体器件应用,当前主要是Si、SiC、GaAs和GaN材料被使用。
为了易于描述而使用空间相对术语,诸如“下面”、“下方”、“下部”、“上方”、“上部”等等来解释一个元件相对于第二元件的定位。这些术语意图包含除了与图中描绘的那些不同的定向之外的相应器件的不同定向。进一步地,诸如“第一”、“第二”等等之类的术语还用于描述各种元件、区、区段等等,并且也不意图是限制性的。贯穿本描述,同样的术语指代同样的元件。
如本文中所使用的,术语“具有”、“含有”、“包含”、“包括”、“展现”等等是开放式术语,其指示所陈述的元件或特征的存在,但是不排除附加的元件或特征。冠词“一”、“一个”和“该”意图包括复数以及单数,除非上下文另行清楚地指示。
考虑变化和应用的以上范围,应该理解的是,本发明不由前述描述限制,也不由附图限制。代替地,本发明仅由所附权利要求及其法律等同物限制。
Claims (21)
1.一种功率半导体器件(1),其具有半导体主体(10)、被布置在半导体主体(10)的前侧(10-1)的第一负载端子结构(11)、以及被布置在半导体主体(10)的后侧(10-2)的第二负载端子结构(12),并且被配置用于借助于至少一个晶体管单元(130)来控制在第一负载端子结构(11)和第二负载端子结构(12)之间的负载电流,所述晶体管单元(130)至少部分地被包括在半导体主体(10)中并且在一侧被电气连接到第一负载端子结构(11)并且在另一侧被电气连接到半导体主体(10)的漂移区(100),所述漂移区(100)具有第一导电类型,
其中所述半导体主体(10)进一步包括:
- 具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区(107),其中在所述晶体管短区(107)与第一负载端子结构(11)之间的过渡形成肖特基接触(108);以及
- 分离区(109),所述分离区(109)使晶体管短区(107)与漂移区(100)分离并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述晶体管短区(107)包括与第一负载端子结构(11)对接的第一部分(107-1)以及与分离区(109)对接的第二部分(107-2),所述第一部分(107-1)内的第一导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度是第二部分(107-2)内的第一导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度的至多1/10。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中,在所述晶体管短区(107)内,第一导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度沿着从分离区(109)指向第一负载端子结构(11)的方向至少减少到1/10。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),包括至少两个晶体管单元(130),其中所述晶体管短区(107)被布置在所述至少两个晶体管单元(130)外部并且横向地在所述至少两个晶体管单元(130)中间。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述半导体主体(10)包括第一后侧发射极区(105),所述第一后侧发射极区(105)被布置成与第二负载端子结构(12)电接触并且具有第二导电类型。
6.根据权利要求5所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述至少一个晶体管单元(130)展现有与第一后侧发射极区(105)的至少第一共同横向延伸范围(LX1)。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述半导体主体(10)包括第二后侧发射极区(106),所述第二后侧发射极区(106)被布置成与第二负载端子结构(12)电接触并且具有第一导电类型。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述半导体主体(10)进一步包括具有第二导电类型的二极管发射极区(102),所述二极管发射极区(102)被布置在所述至少一个晶体管单元(130)的外部并且电气连接到第一负载端子结构(11),其中在二极管发射极区(102)和漂移区(100)之间的过渡形成pn结(103)。
9.根据权利要求7和8所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述二极管发射极区(102)展现有与第二后侧发射极区(106)的至少第二共同横向延伸范围(LX2)。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述二极管发射极区(102)的横向延伸(W1)共计所述至少一个晶体管单元(130)的横向延伸(W2)的至少3倍。
11.根据权利要求8至10之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述二极管发射极区(102)包括被布置成与第一负载端子结构(11)接触的第二端口区(1020),其中所述第二端口区(1020)内的第二导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度是二极管发射极区(102)的其余部分内的第二导电类型的掺杂剂的浓度的至少10倍。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述晶体管短区(107)被布置成横向地邻近于所述至少一个晶体管单元(130)的沟槽(131)并且与所述沟槽(131)接触。
13.根据权利要求12所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述晶体管短区(107)由至少两个沟槽(131)横向地限定,所述沟槽(131)的横向距离小于沟槽(131)中的至少一个的深度。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述分离区(109)的至少一部分被布置成横向地邻近于沟槽(131)并且与所述沟槽(131)接触。
15.根据权利要求14所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述分离区(109)在半导体主体(10)内延伸得至少如沟槽(131)的深度的一半那么深。
16.根据权利要求8至15之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述二极管发射极区(102)的至少一部分被布置成横向地邻近于沟槽(131)并且与所述沟槽(131)接触,所述沟槽(131)包括电极(1310)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述电极(1310)与第一负载端子结构(11)电气地连接。
18.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述半导体主体(10)进一步包括接触区(1014),所述接触区(104)被布置成与第一负载端子结构(11)和晶体管短区(107)中的每一个接触,所述接触区(1014)具有第二导电类型。
19.根据前述权利要求之一所述的功率半导体器件(1),其中所述功率半导体器件(1)具有反向电流能力。
20.一种反向导通IGBT(1),其具有半导体主体(10)以及至少部分地被实现在其中的多个晶体管单元(130),所述反向导通IGBT(1)进一步在半导体主体(10)内并且在晶体管单元(130)外部包括:
- 具有第一导电类型并且与反向导通IGBT(1)的发射极端子(11)对接的晶体管短区(107),其中在所述晶体管短区(107)与发射极端子(11)之间的过渡形成肖特基接触(108);以及
- 分离区(109),所述分离区(109)将晶体管短区(107)与反向导通IGBT(1)的漂移区(100)分离,所述分离区(109)具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型,并且所述漂移区(100)具有第一导电类型。
21.一种处理功率半导体器件(1)的方法,包括:
- 提供具有前侧(10-1)和后侧(10-2)的半导体主体(10);
- 在所述半导体主体(10)内提供具有第一导电类型的漂移区(100);
- 在所述前侧(10-1)创建至少一个晶体管单元(130),其中所述晶体管单元至少部分地被包括在半导体主体(10)中并且电气连接到漂移区(100);
- 在所述半导体主体(10)内创建:
- 被布置在前侧(10-1)并且具有第一导电类型的晶体管短区(107);以及
- 分离区(109),所述分离区(109)使晶体管短区(107)与漂移区(100)分离并且具有与第一导电类型互补的第二导电类型;以及
- 在所述前侧(10-1)创建第一负载端子结构(11),使得所述第一负载端子结构(11)电气连接到所述至少一个晶体管单元(130),并且在晶体管短区(107)和第一负载端子结构(11)之间的过渡处形成肖特基接触(108)。
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JP6053050B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-12-27 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 逆導通igbt |
JP6281548B2 (ja) | 2015-09-17 | 2018-02-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP6304221B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-04-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Igbt |
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