CN109384212B - 一种多孔碳及其在制备金属负载型催化剂中的应用 - Google Patents
一种多孔碳及其在制备金属负载型催化剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多孔碳及其在制备金属负载型催化剂中的应用，所述多孔碳的制备方法包括如下步骤：将干燥的银杏叶置于管式炉中，在氨气存在下，升温至800℃，保温2小时后，降至室温即得所述多孔碳。所述升温速率优选10℃/min，降温速率优选10℃/min。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂领域，具体涉及一种多孔碳及其在制备金属负载型催化剂中的应用。
背景技术
苯环催化加氢反应是工业生产化工、医药中间体的重要反应，例如苯甲酸的苯环加氢产物环己烷甲酸是合成吡喹酮、己内酰胺、安三烯菌素的重要中间体。然而，由于苯环的大π键具有高度稳定性，因此氢化反应需在高温高压、金属催化剂存在的条件下进行，这种苛刻的反应条件极大地限制了其应用，同时造成高能耗与环境污染。本发明提供一种新型多孔碳，并利用该多孔碳负载Ni/Zn得到一种Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂，该催化剂可以在不使用有机溶剂、常压条件下将苯甲酸转化为环己烷甲酸。
发明内容
本发明提供一种多孔碳，其特征在于所述多孔碳的制备方法包括如下步骤：
将干燥的银杏叶置于管式炉中，在氨气存在下，升温至800℃，保温2小时后，降至室温即得所述多孔碳。所述升温速率优选10℃/min，降温速率优选10℃/min。
本发明的另一实施方案提供一种多孔碳的制备方法包括如下步骤：
将干燥的银杏叶置于管式炉中，在氨气存在下，升温至800℃，保温2小时后，降至室温即得所述多孔碳。所述升温速率优选10℃/min，降温速率优选10℃/min。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述多孔碳在制备Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂中的应用。其特征在于包括如下步骤：将上述多孔碳加入去离子水，超声分散5min后，加入硝酸镍溶液、硝酸锌溶液，继续超声10min，加入硼氢化钠溶液，继续超声20min后，过滤、沉淀用水洗涤、真空干燥即得所述Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂。硝酸镍溶液中Ni的浓度为5mg/mL，硝酸锌溶液中Zn的浓度为5mg/mL，硼氢化钠溶液的浓度为2mg/mL，每克多孔碳使用硝酸镍溶液2mL、硝酸锌溶液2mL、硼氢化钠溶液25mL。去离子水的用量以能充分分散多孔碳为宜，优选多孔碳与去离子水的质量比为1:25-30；洗涤沉淀时使用的水优选去离子水或重蒸水；超声频率为20-30KHz。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂在催化芳环加氢中的应用。尤其是在催化苯及苯衍生物加氢中的应用。优选催化苯甲酸加氢转化为环己烷甲酸中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供一种由苯甲酸制备环己烷甲酸的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
将苯甲酸、Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂加入去离子水中，超声分散均匀后，常压下，通入氢气、并升温至80℃-90℃，反应12-16小时后，即可得到环己烷甲酸。
每毫摩尔苯甲酸使用Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂100mg，使用去离子水60mL。
本发明所述的硼氢化钠溶液为现用现配的硼氢化钠水溶液。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：(1)本发明以银杏叶为原料制备得到多孔碳；(2)本发明多孔碳负载Ni/Zn得到新型Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂，该催化剂可以在不使用有机溶剂、常压下，还原苯环氢，避免了高能耗与环境污染，绿色环保。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备多孔碳的电子扫描显微镜图，A：侧面，B：横切面；
图2是本发明实施例1制备多孔碳的氮气吸脱附曲线表征图。
具体实施方式
为了便于对本发明的进一步理解，下面提供的实施例对其做了更详细的说明。但是这些实施例仅供更好的理解发明而并非用来限定本发明的范围或实施原则，本发明的实施方式不限于以下内容。本发明实施例中使用的超声频率优选20-30KHz。
实施例1多孔碳的制备
将干燥的银杏叶(100g)置于管式炉中，在氨气存在下，以10℃/min的速率升温至800℃，保温2小时后，以10℃/min的速率降至室温，即得所述多孔碳。
实施例2
取实施例1制备的多孔碳(1.0g)加入去离子水(25mL)，超声分散5min后，加入硝酸镍溶液(2mL，其中Ni的浓度为5mg/mL)、硝酸锌溶液(2mL，其中Zn的浓度为5mg/mL)，继续超声10min，加入硼氢化钠溶液(25mL，2mg/mL，现配)，继续超声20min后，过滤、沉淀用去离子水洗涤、真空干燥即得所述Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂(以下简称产品A)。
实施例3
取实施例1制备的多孔碳(1.0g)加入去离子水(25mL)，超声分散5min后，加入硝酸镍溶液(2mL，其中Ni的浓度为5mg/mL)，继续超声10min，加入硼氢化钠溶液(25mL，2mg/mL，现配)，继续超声20min后，过滤、沉淀用去离子水洗涤、真空干燥即得Ni多孔碳负载型催化剂(以下简称产品B)。
实施例4
取实施例1制备的多孔碳(1.0g)加入去离子水(25mL)，超声分散5min后，加入硝酸锌溶液(2mL，其中Zn的浓度为5mg/mL)，继续超声10min，加入硼氢化钠溶液(25mL，2mg/mL，现配)，继续超声20min后，过滤、沉淀用去离子水洗涤、真空干燥即得Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂(以下简称产品C)。
实施例5
取苯甲酸(0.5mmol)、产品A(50mg)加入去离子水(30mL)中，超声分散均匀后，常压下，通入氢气、并升温至80℃，反应16小时后，用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液，乙酸乙酯相经GC-MS分析，苯甲酸转化为环己烷甲酸的转化率高达96.7％。
实施例6
按照实施例5记载的方法，分别以等质量的产品B、C、市售10％Pd-C、雷尼镍替换产品A，GC-MS分析，苯甲酸转化为环己烷甲酸的转化率见下表。
| 催化剂 | 转化率 |
| 产品B | 18.5％ |
| 产品C | - |
| 10％Pd-C | - |
| 雷尼镍 | - |
“-”表示转化率为0。
Claims (2)
1.Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂在催化苯甲酸加氢转化为环己烷甲酸中的应用，所述Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
多孔碳加入去离子水，超声分散5min后，加入硝酸镍溶液、硝酸锌溶液，继续超声10min，加入硼氢化钠溶液，继续超声20min后，过滤、沉淀用水洗涤、真空干燥即得所述Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂；
硝酸镍溶液中Ni的浓度为5mg/mL，硝酸锌溶液中Zn的浓度为5mg/mL，硼氢化钠溶液的浓度为2mg/mL，每克多孔碳使用硝酸镍溶液2mL、硝酸锌溶液2mL、硼氢化钠溶液25mL；
多孔碳与去离子水的质量比为1:25-30；洗涤沉淀时使用的水选自去离子水或重蒸水；超声频率为20-30KHz；
所述多孔碳的制备方法包括如下步骤：将干燥的银杏叶置于管式炉中，在氨气存在下，升温至800℃，保温2小时后，降至室温即得所述多孔碳。
2.Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
多孔碳加入去离子水，超声分散5min后，加入硝酸镍溶液、硝酸锌溶液，继续超声10min，加入硼氢化钠溶液，继续超声20min后，过滤、沉淀用水洗涤、真空干燥即得所述Ni/Zn多孔碳负载型催化剂；
硝酸镍溶液中Ni的浓度为5mg/mL，硝酸锌溶液中Zn的浓度为5mg/mL，硼氢化钠溶液的浓度为2mg/mL，每克多孔碳使用硝酸镍溶液2mL、硝酸锌溶液2mL、硼氢化钠溶液25mL；
多孔碳与去离子水的质量比为1:25-30；洗涤沉淀时使用的水选自去离子水或重蒸水；超声频率为20-30KHz；
所述多孔碳的制备方法包括如下步骤：将干燥的银杏叶置于管式炉中，在氨气存在下，升温至800℃，保温2小时后，降至室温即得所述多孔碳。
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| CN106496017A (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-15 | 上海迅凯新材料科技有限公司 | 催化氢化连续化生产装置及生产方法 |
| CN107096536A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-29 | 山东师范大学 | 一种非贵金属单原子催化剂的可控制备方法 |
| CN108529621A (zh) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-14 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种氮掺杂多孔碳材料的制备及其应用 |
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| CN107096536A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-29 | 山东师范大学 | 一种非贵金属单原子催化剂的可控制备方法 |
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