CN114011468A - 一种卡宾铜催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种卡宾铜催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 9
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2265—Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂领域,具体涉及一种卡宾铜催化剂及其制备方法和应用,尤其是在催化6-胺己腈加氢制备己二胺方面的应用。
技术背景
己二胺(CAS号:124-09-4)是一种重要的化工中间体,其碳链两端的胺基赋予其优异的反应性能而在工业上获得广泛应用,其最主要的应用是作为合成聚酰胺(如尼龙66)的前体。
目前,已知合成己二胺的方法众多。包括己二腈催化加氢合成己二胺(如CN1082947C、CN1191231C、CN1417200A、CN202506390U、CN104001516B、CN104001516A、CN108084035A等专利已报道的方法)、己二醇氨化脱水合成己二胺(如CN111495383A、CN109996781A、CN102233272A等专利已报道的方法)、6-胺己腈催化加氢合成己二胺等。其中,6-胺己腈由于可以直接通过己内酰胺氨化脱水而得,随着己内酰胺价格走低,通过6-胺己腈加氢制备己二胺优势愈发明显。
现有技术中关于6-胺己腈加氢制备己二胺的方法较少:专利CN 112079725A中报道了以二氧化硅或三氧化二铝负载的金属镍为催化剂,催化6-胺己腈加氢合成己二胺,但反应最高需在500℃下进行,过程能耗较大;专利CN 111995526A中报道了在150℃下催化6-胺己腈加氢合成二己胺的方法,虽然此专利的反应温度比CN112079725A的方法获得了大幅下降,但其需使用贵金属Pt/C为催化剂。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有6-胺己腈加氢合成己二胺方法的缺陷,提供一种全新非贵金属催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂基于非贵金属Cu,能够在温和条件下催化6-胺己腈加氢合成己二胺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种卡宾铜催化剂,其具有如下结构:
所述卡宾铜催化剂简写为CAAC(R1)2-Cu-B(R2)2。
优选的,R1为乙基,R2为五氟苯基。
本发明还提供上述卡宾铜催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将式I化合物于有机溶剂中和水反应即得;
所述式I化合物,简写为CAAC(R1)2-Cu-H-B(R2)3的制备方法为现有技术,报道于Nature Catal.2018,1,743-747。
优选的,所述和水反应的时间为2~4h。
优选的,所述和水反应的温度为25~60℃
优选的,所述制备方法还包括过滤去除不溶物、将滤液蒸干、洗涤产品的步骤。
本发明进一步提供上述卡宾铜催化剂在催化6-胺己腈加氢反应制备己二胺中的应用。
优选的,所述加氢反应中,氢气压力为0.5~3.0MPa;更优选为1.0~2.0MPa。
优选的,所述加氢反应的温度为50~150℃;更优选为80~120℃。
优选的,所述加氢反应中,催化剂用量以6-胺己腈计为0.05wt%~5wt%;更优选为0.1wt%~1wt%。
优选的,所述加氢反应在无溶剂或四氢呋喃、异丙醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二氧六环或甲苯溶剂中进行。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明所开发的卡宾铜催化剂,其具有C=Cu-B骨架,对6-胺己腈加氢合成己二胺具有独特的反应效果,其缺电子B和Cu结合使得Cu富有优异的氢气活化能力,同时缺电子B可和6-胺己腈中的-NH2基团通过路易斯酸碱特性增强作用,从而实现底物在催化剂周围的富集。通过以上双重作用,实现非贵金属Cu在温和条件下催化6-胺己腈加氢合成己二胺,且转化率高,选择性好。
以下的实施例将对本发明进行更为全面的描述。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备所得催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)2的核磁共振氢谱。
图2是实施例1制备所得催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)2的核磁共振碳谱。
图3是实施例1制备所得催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)2的核磁共振硼谱。
图4是实施例1制备所得催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)2的核磁共振氟谱。
具体实施方式
实施例1
催化剂的制备:
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C2)2-Cu-H-B(C6F5)3和0.2g水,室温下搅拌反应4小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得0.51g白色固体CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)2。
所得产物的核磁共振氢谱如图1所示。产物的核磁共振碳谱如图2所示。产物的核磁共振硼谱如图3所示。产物的核磁共振氟谱如图4所示。
实施例2
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C4)2-Cu-H-B(C6F3)3和0.2g水,60℃下搅拌反应2小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得白色固体CAAC(C4)2-Cu-B(C6F3)2。
实施例3
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C1)2-Cu-H-B(C6F1)3和0.2g水,30℃下搅拌反应3小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得0.51g白色固体CAAC(C1)2-Cu-B(C6F1)2。
实施例4
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)20.05g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入2.0MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至100℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率98.3%,己二胺选择性95.6%。
实施例5
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)20.01g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入1.0MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,控制温度为80℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率97.7%,己二胺选择性99.2%。
实施例6
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)20.1g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入0.5MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至50℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率92.1%,己二胺选择性99.3%。
实施例7
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F5)20.005g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入1.0MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至120℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率86.7%,己二胺选择性98.1%。
实施例8
催化剂的制备:
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C4)2-Cu-H-B(C6F5)3和0.2g水,室温下搅拌反应3小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得固体CAAC(C4)-Cu-B(C6F5)。
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C4)2-Cu-B(C6F5)20.5g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入3.0MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至100℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率95.5%,己二胺选择性99.1%。
实施例9
催化剂的制备:
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C6)2-Cu-H-B(C6F5)3和0.2g水,室温下搅拌反应3小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得固体CAAC(C6)2-Cu-B(C6F5)2。
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C6)2-Cu-B(C6F5)20.05g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入1.5MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至90℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率95.3%,己二胺选择性99.3%。
实施例10
催化剂的制备:
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C2)2-Cu-H-B(C6F1)3和0.2g水,室温下搅拌反应3小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得固体CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F1)2。
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F1)20.05g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入2MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至150℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率93.7%,己二胺选择性99.5%。
实施例11
催化剂的制备:
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入50mL四氢呋喃,1.0g CAAC(C2)2-Cu-H-B(C6F3)3和0.2g水,室温下搅拌反应3小时,所得溶液过滤除去不溶物,滤液蒸干。所得固体用10mL己烷洗涤,然后烘干得固体CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F3)2。
在100mL不锈钢高压釜中加入6-胺己腈10.0g,四氢呋喃20mL,催化剂CAAC(C2)2-Cu-B(C6F3)20.05g,在高压釜中通入0.2MPa氢气、然后缓慢放空,重复以上操作使用氢气置换高压釜中的气体二次。然后通入2MPa的氢气,剧烈搅拌下,升温至150℃,并在此温度下反应2小时。停止加热,反应釜冷至室温后,缓慢放空氢气。取反应液进行气相分析,通过面积归一法得:6-胺己腈转化率96.6%,己二胺选择性99.0%。
实施例12-14
采用与实施例4相同的反应条件,仅催化剂用量不同,进行操作所得结果如下表1所示:
表1不同催化剂用量下反应转化率和选择性对比表
实施例 | 催化剂量(g) | 转化率(%) | 选择性(%) |
12 | 0.005 | 81.9 | 99.4 |
13 | 0.1 | 98.6 | 99.1 |
14 | 0.5 | 99.3 | 97.5 |
实施例15-18
采用与实施例4相同的反应条件,仅溶剂不同,进行操作所得结果如下表2所示:
表1不同溶剂条件下反应转化率和选择性对比表
实施例 | 溶剂 | 转化率(%) | 选择性(%) |
15 | 异丙醚 | 97.1 | 99.0 |
16 | 乙二醇二乙醚 | 55.6 | 93.9 |
17 | 二氧六环 | 93.8 | 96.5 |
18 | 甲苯 | 80.9 | 91.4 |
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述和水反应的时间为2~4h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述和水反应的温度为25~60℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括过滤去除不溶物、将滤液蒸干、洗涤产品的步骤。
6.权利要求1所述卡宾铜催化剂在催化6-胺己腈加氢反应制备己二胺中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述加氢反应中,氢气压力为0.5~3.0MPa;更优选为1.0~2.0MPa。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述加氢反应的温度为50~150℃;更优选为80~120℃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述加氢反应中,催化剂用量以6-胺己腈计为0.05wt%~5wt%;更优选为0.1wt%~1wt%。
10.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述加氢反应在无溶剂或四氢呋喃、异丙醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二氧六环或甲苯溶剂中进行。
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