CN109288837B - 酰胺化合物及作为治疗预防含rna和/或含dna病毒所致疾病及伴随疾病之药剂的用途 - Google Patents
酰胺化合物及作为治疗预防含rna和/或含dna病毒所致疾病及伴随疾病之药剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
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- C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药领域并且涉及酰胺化合物及作为治疗预防含RNA和/或含DNA病毒所致疾病及伴随疾病之药剂的用途。本发明涉及用于预防或治疗由含RNA病毒和含DNA病毒引起的疾病以及伴随的疾病的方法,其包括使用有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。本发明还涉及用于产生上述化合物的方法、用于预防或治疗由含RNA病毒和含DNA病毒引起的疾病的药物组合物,所述组合物包含有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。
Description
本申请是申请号为201580023692.4的中国专利申请的分案申请,原申请是2015年2月27日提交的PCT国际申请PCT/RU2015/000121于2016年10月27日进入中国国家阶段的申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及医药,特别地涉及通式I的化合物或其可要用盐用于预防和/或治疗由含RNA病毒和含DNA病毒引起的疾病,以及伴随的疾病的用途。
背景技术
病毒感染是严重的健康问题。针对最危机和危险的病毒感染的抗病毒药物尚未被开发,并且现有药物常对人有毒性或有效性不足。大多数现有的或正在开发的药物通过与某些病毒蛋白质的特异性相互作用起作用。这样的药物具有有限的活性谱并且促使抗性病毒变体的迅速出现。根据巴尔的摩病毒分类系统,I类包括其基因组由双链DNA构成的病毒,且IV类和V类包括含有单链(+)或(-)RNA的病毒。属于I类的一个科是腺病毒科,其包含哺乳动物腺病毒属,该属已知包含A至G的7组。人腺病毒导致多种疾病,包括结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎、心肌炎和肺炎。5岁以下的儿童对于腺病毒感染最为易感。全世界中所有儿童呼吸系统感染的5%至7%由腺病毒引起。一些血清型(例如,14)引发严重的、潜在致死性肺炎。亚组A的病毒引起胃肠道疾病,而B和C亚组的病毒与呼吸道感染有关。B(3型)、D和E亚组的病毒引发结膜炎。亚组E病毒也与呼吸道感染有关。F和G亚组的病毒引发胃肠炎。
I类的另一科为疱疹病毒科,其包含单纯病毒属,该属包括单纯疱疹病毒1型或2型(HSV-1)和(HSV-2)。在原发性感染后,这些病毒导致持续终生之有周期性激活的潜伏性感染。在儿童中,感染可为无症状并且严重的,其涉及中枢神经系统。在分娩前或分娩期间,在婴儿中的HSV感染可引起眼、皮肤、中枢神经系统的疾病或甚至导致播散性感染,这尤其危险。小于3个月年龄的儿童的中枢神经系统感染导致疱疹性脑炎,其在多数病例中是由HSV-1引起的。HSV-2引起生殖器感染,其一般为性传播。在2012年,经计算,全世界的4亿1千700万年龄在15岁至49岁的人群受到HSV-2病毒的感染,其为11.3%;其中2亿6千700万为女性。另外,感染的人的总数中的1千920万为在2012年感染,其为0.5%。HSV-2感染的特征在于周期性症状或无症状的病毒脱落,以及在于疼痛的生殖器溃疡。另外,HSV-2表现出使人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的几率提高三倍并加速疾病进展。
IV类包括代表性的小核糖核酸病毒科的肠道病毒属和冠状病毒科,并且V类包括呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和副粘病毒科的偏肺病毒。
所列举的病毒的组已发展出有效的抑制细胞抗病毒程序的策略。该抑制细胞抗病毒防卫系统的侵略性策略导致这些病毒组的高接触感染性和致病性。
由人冠状病毒(CoV)(冠状病毒科)引起的感染通常具有下呼吸道和上呼吸道感染的低的年百分比。在儿童和免疫弱化的老年人中观察到更严重的疾病进程。HCoV-OC43(OC43)和HCoV-229E(229E)病毒是首次记录的人冠状病毒。近年来,另两种病毒,HCoV-NL63(NL63)和HCoV-HKU1(HKU1)已被登记。这四种病毒通常引起急性上呼吸道感染并且很少与上呼吸道病症相关。严重疾病稀有,并且通常与伴随的疾病和/或免疫抑制病症相关。
目前,在肠道病毒属的病毒中,人鼻病毒是最大的问题。在鼻咽粘膜细胞中复制的鼻病毒引起人上呼吸道疾病。鼻病毒是至少80%的感冒相关疾病的病原体。除了大量的经济损失(在美国每年2千万人/小时),鼻病毒感染引起大量的并发症,如鼻窦炎和中耳炎,并且在患有肺炎的儿童的病毒学检查中频繁地检测到。在哮喘的儿童中,鼻病毒感染也是80%病例恶化的原因。在成人中,鼻病毒可导致哮喘的加重以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性支气管炎和粘液粘稠病从患有免疫缺陷性病症的肺炎患者分离鼻病毒。
因为有超过100种鼻病毒的抗原类型,开发有效的疫苗是不可能的(Palmenberg,A.C;Spiro,D;Kuzmickas,R;Wang,S;Djikeng,A;Rathe,JA;Fraser-Liggett,CM;Liggett,SB(2009).″Sequencing and Analyses of All Known Human rhinovirus GenomesReveals Structure and Evolution″.Science 324(5923):55-9.doi:10.1126/science.1165557.PMID 19213880)。另外,没有对于鼻病毒感染的治疗有效的化疗药剂。
肠道病毒71型(EV71)为在1970年至1972年在加利福尼亚的患有无菌性脑膜炎的患者和患有脑炎的患者中首次分离。应注意的是,在严重病例中该病毒引起神经病症的发生,如脑膜炎、麻痹和脑炎。该病毒在不卫生的条件下传播。在用病毒EV71感染后,温度升高,皮疹出现于手和脚、手掌和脚底上,肢体变得肿胀,并在口中出现溃疡。在其严重形式中,肠道病毒可致命。肠道病毒71被报道为所有的人肠道病毒中最“严重”的病毒。该病毒可引起大范围的爆发并具有致命的后果。没有针对肠道病毒71的疫苗,并且尚未开发出非特异性疗法。
柯萨奇病毒感染(HCXV)为一大类疾病,其特征为显著的临床多态性。柯萨奇病毒感染可表现为脑膜炎、麻痹、急性呼吸系统疾病、肺炎、出血性结膜炎、心肌炎、肝炎、糖尿病和其他综合征。根据现代病毒分类,属于肠道病毒属的人肠道病毒被分为5个物种(14):1)脊髓灰质炎病毒;2)人肠道病毒A;3)人肠道病毒B;4)人肠道病毒C;以及5)人肠道病毒D。柯萨奇病毒的多种血清型属于下述肠道病毒物种:人肠道病毒A(柯萨奇病毒A2-8、10、12、14和16);人肠道病毒B(柯萨奇病毒A9、B1-6);人肠道病毒C(柯萨奇病毒A1、11、13、15、17-22和24)。
柯萨奇病毒像其他人肠道病毒一样广泛分布于世界。在温带国家,其最大流行是在夏-秋季节中。该病毒的特征为高侵袭性,其导致它们在人群中迅速传播。柯萨奇病毒经常是在有组织的儿童组和医院中“突然”爆发的原因;也记录了感染的家庭内传播。该病毒基因组的高度可变性在柯萨奇病毒和其他肠道病毒感染的流行病学中起到重要作用。其结果就是多种血清型在特定环境下引发不同病理的能力。另一方面,相同的临床综合征可由不同血清型和不同肠道病毒物种引起。遗传可变性、选择和经修饰的病毒的迅速扩散导致主要疾病的爆发,在其病因中先前并未涉及这些病毒,或者在长时间内并未发现它们的流行。
柯萨奇病毒的原发性复制发生于鼻咽和内脏相关的淋巴组织中。该病毒引起表达于ARD、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽炎等的症状中的局部病变。在咽喉中,该病毒直到第7天检测到,并且其经3周至4周在粪便中排出(在免疫缺陷中经若干年)。病毒血症随其原发性复制之后产生,其中该病毒渗透进靶器官中。对于柯萨奇病毒,这样的靶器官可为脑和脊髓、脑膜、上呼吸道、肺、心脏、肝、皮肤等。柯萨奇B病毒可引起新生儿中严重的一般性病理过程,导致心脏、脑和脊髓、肝和肾中的坏死。该病毒引起以下临床综合征:无菌性脑膜炎(柯萨奇病毒A2、3、4、6、7、9、10和B1-6);患有心肌炎和脑膜脑炎的儿童中的急性全身性疾病(柯萨奇病毒D1-5);麻痹(柯萨奇病毒A 1、2、5、7、8、9、21、和B2-5);疱疹性咽峡炎(柯萨奇病毒A 2、3、4、5、6、8和10);急性咽炎(柯萨奇病毒A10、21);感染性鼻炎(柯萨奇病毒A21、24);上呼吸道损伤(柯萨奇病毒A9、16和B2-5)(16);心包炎、心肌炎(柯萨奇病毒B1-5);肝炎(柯萨奇病毒A4、9、20和B5);新生儿和婴儿的腹泻(柯萨奇病毒A18、20、21、24);急性出血性结膜炎(柯萨奇病毒A24);口蹄疫样疾病(柯萨奇病毒A5、10、16);疹(柯萨奇病毒A4、5、6、9、16);胸膜痛(柯萨奇病毒B3、5);皮疹(柯萨奇病毒B5);和发热(病毒柯萨奇B1-5)。没有用于柯萨奇病毒感染的治疗的化疗药剂。依据该疾病的临床形式,使用发病或对症治疗。
小核糖核酸病毒科包括代表性的呼吸道病毒属(人副流感病毒1型、2型、3型、4型和5型)、肺病毒属(呼吸道合胞病毒)和偏肺病毒属(人偏肺病毒)。
副粘病毒是一类重要的病毒,其与呼吸系统疾病相关。呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)已知为全世界下呼吸道的主要病原体。
RSV是在新生儿和婴儿中的重要病原体,并且是至少70%的严重的病毒性支气管炎和/或肺炎的病原体,其中大部分的特征为气喘和呼吸困难。该细支气管炎是在儿童生命的第一年冬季最常见的住院原因。RSV也导致所有年龄段的人中的支气管炎、肺炎和慢性阻塞性呼吸道疾病,并对在冬季的过量死亡率有显著的贡献。
RSV在病毒感染中的死亡病例的数量上处于领先地位。仅美国在儿童下呼吸道病毒疾病的治疗花费为24亿美元。50%至65%的一岁以下儿童感染了这种病毒,并且几乎100%的二岁儿童被感染。除了早产儿和老年人,高风险组包括患有心血管、呼吸和免疫系统疾病的人。基于公布的和未公布的数据,经计算RSV在世界上造成了3千3百8十万的偶发急性下呼吸道感染(LRTI)的病例,其中3百4十万的严重LRTI病例需住院治疗,而且在5岁以下的儿童中有66,000-99,000的死亡病例(Nair H,Nokes DJ,Gessner BD,Dherani M,Madhi SA,Singleton RJ,O′Brien KL,Roca A,Wright PF,Bruce N,Chandran A,Theodoratou E,Sutanto A,Sedyaningsih ER,Ngama M,Munywoki PK,Kartasasmita C,Simoes EA,Rudan I,Weber MW,Campbell H.Global burden of acute lowerrespiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children:asystematic review and meta-analysis。Lancet;375:1545-55)。每年仅在美国就有90,000早产儿、125,000住院新生儿、超过350万的2岁以下儿童,以及175,000住院的成年人需要治疗(Storey S.Respiratory syncytial virus market.Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010;9:15-6)。约三分之一的在生命中的第一年由于急性支气管炎而住院的儿童具有偶发呼吸困难和常见的过敏原的敏感性增加(Schauer U,Hoffjan S,Bittscheidt J,Kochling A,Hemmis S,Bongartz S,Stephan V.RSV bronchiolitis and risk of wheeze andallergic sensitisation in the first year of life.Eur Respir J 2002;20:1277-83)。这些症状可在随后的数年内复发(Sigurs N,Gustafsson PM,Bjarnason R,LundbergF,Schmidt S,Sigurbergsson F,Kjellman B.Severe respiratory syncytial virusbronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13.Am J Respir CritCare Med 2005;171:137-41)。细支气管炎可通过呼肠孤病毒、冠状病毒、流感和副流感病毒以及腺病毒引起。然而,在所有列举的病毒中,RSV为由于细支气管炎而住院的最频繁原因。作为在儿童(具有未成熟的免疫系统)和在成人二者中的过去的RSV感染的结果而形成的适应性免疫为短期的并且不提供完全的抗病毒保护。这一事实导致了在一生中所记录到的再感染。在生命的最初几个月,新生儿的血液中包含母体抗RSV抗体。
人偏肺病毒(HMPV)最接近呼吸道合胞病毒。这种病毒首次于2001年在荷兰从患有细支气管炎的儿童中分离。HMPV也包含基因组(-)ssRNA并属于肺病毒属。HMPV在全身中循环并在儿童中引起几乎普遍的感染。如同流感和呼吸道合胞病毒,HMPV的活性在温和气候的冬季周期最高。关于HMPV感染的临床表现的多数现有数据表明,病毒引起上呼吸道感染,细支气管炎和肺炎。HMPV的再感染发生于整个成年期。该疾病是温和的并且在成人中经常是无症状的。高风险组包括老人,患有肺疾病和有缺陷免疫系统的成年人。HMPV的爆发在医院出现,并且在脆弱的老年人中,死亡率为50%。此外,对于慢性阻塞性肺病发生的恶化为6%至12%。在造血干细胞移植的接受者中,HMPV与严重特发性肺炎相关。
在急性上呼吸道感染的总数中,副流感病毒在成人中为约20%而在年轻的儿童中为30%至40%,在频率上仅次于呼吸道合胞病毒。现今有4种已知类型的副流感病毒(1、2、3、4a和4b)从人类分离。其特征不在于抗原结构的可变性,该可变性是流感病毒所固有的。在大多数患者中,副流感进程为短期(不超过3-6天)疾病,无明显的一般性中毒。然而,缺氧、下呼吸道感染以及神经学表现在儿童中频繁并需要住院治疗。此外,该疾病可以表现为哮吼、细支气管炎和肺炎的形式。副流感病毒的1型和2型最通常与哮吼相关,而3型和4型副流感病毒被认为是最致病的,它们比其他病毒更常引起支气管炎、细支气管炎和肺炎(Frost HM,Robinson CC,Dominguez SR Epidemiology and clinical presentation ofparainfiuenza type 4 in children:a 3-year comparative study to parainfiuenzatypes 1-3.J Infect Dis.2014年3月1日;209(5):695-702.doi:10.1093/infdis/jit552.Epub 2013年10月16日)。一岁以下的儿童尤其敏感。在此关联下,应当注意的是,副流感感染是幼儿和免疫抑制的成人中显著死亡率的原因,因为副流感涉及细菌的感染,是这些群体中25%至30%下呼吸道感染致死的原因。副流感的再感染在一生中都有可能。
上呼吸道的卡他性炎症的最常见的原因是细菌或病毒感染(例如,鼻咽炎、咽炎、喉炎、鼻炎);因此,鼻咽粘膜的炎症是最经常由感染引起的。这种疾病还包括急性感染性鼻炎和鼻漏(急性鼻炎)。
鼻咽炎是与活动受限关联的急性呼吸道感染的最常见的表现,并且需要医疗建议。所有急性鼻咽炎的82%是由鼻病毒引起的。
过去的十年中,决定急性呼吸道疾病与气道阻塞的严重程度的病毒已被确定,尤其是在幼龄的儿童中。特别注意的是呼吸道合胞病毒、偏肺病毒、冠状病毒、博卡病毒、鼻病毒和副流感病毒在气道阻塞综合征的发生中的作用。它们在儿童呼吸道急性阻塞综合征的发生中的作用是不可否认的;同时,有其在遗传易感性个体的哮喘的发生中起作用的证据。
呼吸道合胞病毒,偏肺病毒,鼻病毒,副流感病毒,冠状病毒,腺病毒和疱疹病毒可引起原发性肺炎,支气管炎和细支气管炎。病毒性呼吸道疾病通常伴有细菌感染。呼吸系统细菌病原体经常存在于健康人的鼻咽部。由病毒感染引起的气道损伤可导致受感染呼吸道的细菌粘附的增加,并导致继发性细菌性肺炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎或扁桃体炎,其为严重的并发症。
在大多数情况下,喉气管炎是感染性的,它是由病毒(腺病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒)或细菌(葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌、支原体等)引起的。喉气管炎可以作为一个独立的疾病或作为在呼吸道的其他部分中炎性过程的并发症发生(鼻炎、扁桃体炎、鼻窦炎等)。
感染因素在疾病发生中重要。当病毒影响不成熟的组织结构时,在儿童早期,支气管中的慢性炎症可能已经存在。急性呼吸道病毒感染促使继发性细菌性炎症。微生物的繁殖导致炎症的进展,这是支气管结构的自毁和炎性细胞的酶的活化的结果。这些过程的后果是受损的粘膜纤毛清除,其导致泛支气管炎和支气管周炎,并介导支气管炎畸形的形成。
应当注意的是,对于由(+)和(-)RNA病毒引起的感染施加一些有益的效果的唯一的化疗剂是利巴韦林。然而,利巴韦林为相对毒性药物,常引起贫血。其主要特征是在红细胞中长期沉积。其结果是,即使治疗结束6个月后也会检测到利巴韦林的痕迹。还参考利巴韦林的致畸效果。尚没有腺病毒感染的治疗的有效药物。用阿昔洛韦(批准药物)和核苷类似物的其它衍生物治疗HSV,但存在着对于新的、更有效的抗病毒剂的迫切需要。
呼吸道感染经常由混合感染引起,即,由在两个或更多个病原体的同时联合作用下体内发生的感染过程引起,如病毒联合,这表明有必要开发同时有效对抗所有这些感染的药物。
混合感染的病原体可以是同一科或更大分类单元和界中的微生物,以如病毒-病毒,病毒-细菌等的组合。
最近,由特别是鼻病毒、柯萨奇病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人偏肺病毒、副流感病毒、冠状病毒、人腺病毒、单纯疱疹病毒1型或2型引起的混合呼吸道病毒感染变得频繁。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于预防和治疗由含RNA病毒和/或含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的通式I的新化合物或其可药用盐,其中所述通式I为:
其中
R1为
m为整数0、1或2;
n为整数0、1或2;
R2为H或C1-C6烷基;
R3和R4各自独立地为H、O、C1-C6烷基、-NH2、-NHC(=O)CH3、OH和-NHC(O)CH2COOH;
其中R5可任选地由选自苄基、苄基-OC(O)-、C1-C6烷基、OH和-NH2的取代基取代;
o为整数0或2;
p为整数0至3;
R6和R7各自独立地为H、C1-C6烷基、-C(O)NH2、-COOH、-CH2OH或C1-C6烷基-NH2;
其中R6和R7可任选地由一个或二个以下基团取代:C1-C6烷基、-CH(CH(OH)CH3)(C(O)OC2H5)、-CH(CH(OH)CH3)(COOH)、-CH(CH(CH3)2)(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(CH(CH3)2)(C(O)NH2)、-CH(CH3)C(O)OCH3、-CH(CH3)C(O)NH2、-CH(CH2CH(CH3)2)(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(CH2CH(CH3)2)(C(O)ONH2)、-CH(CH2OH)(COOH)、-CH(CH(OH)CH3)(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(CH2(OH))(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(C(O)NH2)(CH2OH)、-CH2CH(OH)CH3、-(CH2)2OH、-(CH2)3OH、-CH2C(O)NH2、-CH2C(O)OCH3、-CH2COOH、-C(O)OCH3或-CH(C(O)NH2)(CH(OH)CH3);
其中R8可任选地由选自以下的一个或更多个取代基取代:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤素、-COOH、-OH、吡啶基、-O-苄基和苯基;
或者选自以下结构式的化合物:
条件是所述化合物不选自以下化合物:
此外,本发明涉及一些先前公开的并由公开于已公布的国际申请WO 99/01103中的化合物通式所涵盖的通式I的化合物之用于新预期目的的用途。特别地,本发明人出人意料地发现通式I的化合物可用作针对由属于肠病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属或冠状病毒科(不限于所列举的病毒)的病毒所引起的感染的无毒性抗病毒剂。特别地,这些化合物为以下化合物:
鉴于上述,本发明涉及用于治疗和/或预防由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的药剂,其中所述药剂为通式I的化合物。
本发明还涉及用于制备通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的方法;涉及用于预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的方法;涉及预防或治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎、心肌炎的方法;涉及预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症的方法;涉及用于预防和治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征的方法,其中所述方法包括对患者施用有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。
另外,本发明涉及用于治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的药物组合物;涉及用于预防或治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎、心肌炎的药物组合物;涉及用于预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症的药物组合物;涉及用于预防或治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包含有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。
本发明还涉及用于治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的药盒;涉及用于预防或治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎或心肌炎的药盒;涉及用于预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症的药盒;涉及用于预防和治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征的药盒,其中所述药盒包含根据本发明的组合物及其使用说明。
此外,本发明涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明还涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于预防和治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎或心肌炎之药物中的用途。
此外,本发明涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症之药物中的用途。
本发明也涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于预防和治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征之药物中的用途。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及通式I的化合物,其对应于下式或其可药用盐:
其中
R1为
m为整数0、1或2;
n为整数0、1或2;
R2为H或C1-C6烷基;
R3和R4各自独立地为H、O、C1-C6烷基、-NH2、-NHC(=O)CH3、OH和-NHC(O)CH2COOH;
其中R5可任选地由选自苄基、苄基-OC(O)-、C1-C6烷基、OH和-NH2的取代基取代;
o为整数0或2;
p为整数0至3;
R6和R7各自独立地为H、C1-C6烷基、-C(O)NH2、-COOH、-CH2OH或C1-C6烷基-NH2;
其中R6和R7可任选地由一个或二个以下基团取代:C1-C6烷基、-CH(CH(OH)CH3)(C(O)OC2H5)、-CH(CH(OH)CH3)(COOH)、-CH(CH(CH3)2)(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(CH(CH3)2)(C(O)NH2)、-CH(CH3)C(O)OCH3、-CH(CH3)C(O)NH2、-CH(CH2CH(CH3)2)(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(CH2CH(CH3)2)(C(O)ONH2)、-CH(CH2OH)(COOH)、-CH(CH(OH)CH3)(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(CH2(OH))(C(O)OCH3)、-CH(C(O)NH2)(CH2OH)、-CH2CH(OH)CH3、-(CH2)2OH、-(CH2)3OH、-CH2C(O)NH2、-CH2C(O)OCH3、-CH2COOH、-C(O)OCH3或-CH(C(O)NH2)(CH(OH)CH3);
其中R8可任选地由选自以下的一个或更多个取代基取代:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤素、-COOH、-OH、吡啶基、-O-苄基和苯基;
或者选自以下结构式的化合物:
条件是所述化合物不选自以下化合物:
本发明最优选的化合物为表1中所给出的化合物。
表1
根据本发明的通式I的化合物以固体剂型施用。
本发明也涉及用于制备通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的方法。
特别地,本发明涉及用于制备为二羧酸酰胺的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的方法,所述方法包括在合适的有机溶剂中,任选地在有机碱的存在下,将适当的酸酐与胺或肽反应。
本发明涉及用于制备为C1-C6烷基酰胺的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的方法,所述方法包括在有机溶剂中,将在氨基基团处包含C1-C6烷基取代基的适当的胺与戊二酸酐反应。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为在戊二酰基部分中包含C1-C6烷基取代的羧基基团的二羧酸酰胺,或其可药用盐,所述方法包括:
(1)(a)任选地在合适的有机溶剂中并在煮沸下,将合适的酸酐与胺反应;
(b)将所得酰胺混悬于C1-C6醇中,并在室温下逐滴添加三甲基氯硅烷;
(2)(a)在无水有机溶剂中,通过活化的N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯的方法从戊二酸酐和适当的C1-C6醇合成戊二酸的单C1-C6酯;并且
(b)在有机溶剂中,在缩合剂优选为1,1′-羰基二咪唑的存在下,将所得的戊二酸C1-C6酯与适当的胺反应。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为在戊二酰基部分中包含单或二甲基取代基的二羧酸酰胺,或其可药用盐,所述方法包括:
(a)通过在室温下在甲醇中搅拌单或二甲基取代的戊二酸酐24小时后将其打开从而获得适当的戊二酸单或二甲基取代的单甲基酯;
(b)在有机溶剂优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在缩合剂优选1,1′-羰基二咪唑的存在下,将戊二酸单或二甲基取代的单甲基酯与适当的胺反应。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为在戊二酰基部分的α位中包含羟基基团作为取代基的二羧酸酰胺,或其可药用盐,所述方法包括:
(a)通过在冷却下在有机溶剂中与草酰氯反应,从5-氧代四氢呋喃-2-羧酸制备5-氧代四氢呋喃-2-羰酰氯;
(b)在有机溶剂中,在钾碱的存在下将5-氧代四氢呋喃-2-羰酰氯与适当的胺反应,随后在碱的存在下进行内酯的水解,以获得目标酰胺。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为根据权利要求1的二肽的戊二酰基衍生物,或其可药用盐,所述方法包括:
(a)通过在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的活化的对硝基苯酯方法从(二-Boc)保护的组氨酸和适当的氨基酸合成二肽;
(b)通过用三氟乙酸处理受保护的二肽除去Boc保护;并且
(c)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中在2当量N-甲基吗啉的存在下向所述二肽的三氟乙酸衍生物添加戊二酸酐。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为γ-氨基丁酸和适当的胺的衍生物,或其可药用盐,所述方法包括:
(a)通过在无水有机溶剂中将N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸与1,1′-羰基二咪唑反应以制备N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸的咪唑;并且
(b)在无水有机溶剂中,在加热下将所述N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸的咪唑与适当的胺反应。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为焦谷氨酸、N-乙酰谷氨酸在γ-羧基基团处或谷氨酸在γ-羧基基团处、3-氨基磺酰基丙酸与适当的胺的衍生物,或其可药用盐,
(1)通过活化的N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯方法,其包括:在室温下,在无水有机溶剂中将适当的酸的N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯与适当的胺反应;
(2)通过由以下所组成的方法:在有机溶剂中,在有机碱的存在下,使用适当的缩合剂优选N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(苯并三唑-1-基)脲四氟硼酸盐。
(3)通过由以下所组成的方法:在有机醇中的适当的胺和焦谷氨酸的长效陈化,优选一周。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为用3-(4-咪唑基)丙烯酸和3-(4-咪唑基)丙酸与适当的氨基酸:2-氨基戊酸、4-氨基丁酸和6-氨基己酸形成的酰胺,或其可药用盐
(1)通过氯酐的方法,其包括:
(a)通过使用优选的亚硫酰氯制备适当的酸的氯酐,
(b)在室温下,在无水有机溶剂中将所得的未经额外纯化的氯酐与适当的氨基酸反应;
(2)通过由以下所组成的方法:使用缩合剂,优选1,1′-羰基二咪唑。该反应在优选至80℃的加热下,在有机溶剂中且在有机碱的存在下进行。
本发明涉及用于制备通式I的化合物的方法,所述化合物为包含-C-O-C(=O)-键的衍生物,或其可药用盐,所述方法包括:通过三信反应从适当的醇或酸制备适当的酯。
如果对于根据本发明的化合物的合成是必要的,则通过使用例如氨基甲酸酯型保护基如叔丁氧基羰基(BOC),和苯甲酰保护基,保护在杂环中的氮原子。
本发明还涉及用于预防和治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的方法,其包括对患者施用有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。
属于肠道病毒属的病毒可选自鼻病毒,柯萨奇病毒和肠道病毒71型。属于肺病毒属的病毒为呼吸道合胞病毒,并且属于偏肺病毒属的病毒为人偏肺病毒。属于呼吸道病毒属的病毒为副流感病毒。属于α冠状病毒属的病毒为冠状病毒。所述腺病毒科包括人腺病毒所属于的哺乳动物腺病毒属。所述疱疹病毒科包括单纯疱疹病毒属,单纯疱疹病毒1型和2型(HSV-1和HSV-2)属于该属。
本发明还涉及用于制备通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的方法;涉及用于预防和治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的方法;涉及预防或治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎或心肌炎的方法;涉及预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症的方法;涉及用于预防和治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征的方法,其中所述方法包括对患者施用有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。
所述通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的剂量可为约0.1mg/kg患者体重至30mg/kg患者体重,优选0.1mg/kg患者体重至10mg/kg患者体重。通式I的化合物的单剂量可为约2mg至300mg。通式I的化合物的施用持续3天至14天。
此外,本发明涉及用于治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的药物组合物,其包含有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐以及可药用载体和赋形剂。通式I的化合物或其可药用盐的有效量优选为0.1mg/kg体重至30mg/kg体重。通式I的化合物的剂量可为每日一次施用2mg至300mg。
此外,本发明涉及用于预防或治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎或心肌炎的药物组合物;涉及用于预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症的药物组合物;涉及用于预防或治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包含有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐。
本发明也涉及用于治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病的药盒,其包含根据本发明的组合物及其使用说明。
本发明还涉及用于预防或治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎或心肌炎的药盒;涉及用于预防或治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症的药盒;涉及用于预防和治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征的药盒,其中所述药盒包含根据本发明的组合物及其使用说明。
此外,本发明涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于治疗由属于肠道病毒属、偏肺病毒属、肺病毒属、呼吸道病毒属或α冠状病毒属之含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的疾病之药物组合物中的用途。本发明还涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于预防和治疗哮喘加重、慢性阻塞性肺病、粘液粘稠病、结膜炎、胃肠炎、肝炎或心肌炎之药物中的用途。
本发明还涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于预防和治疗由属于肠道病毒属于、偏肺病毒属于、肺病毒属于、呼吸道病毒属于或α冠状病毒属之的含RNA病毒和/或属于腺病毒科和/或疱疹病毒科之含DNA病毒所引起的感染性疾病的并发症之药物中的用途。
本发明还涉及通式I的化合物或其可药用盐在制造用于预防和治疗鼻漏、急性和感染性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎或气道阻塞综合征之药物中的用途。
根据本发明的通式I的化合物的可药用盐可为其碱或碱土金属的盐,优选钠盐、钾盐或锂盐。
另外,根据本发明的化合物的可药用盐可为有机酸加成盐(例如,甲酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐等)、无机酸加成盐(例如,盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等),以及和氨基酸的盐(例如,天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐等),优选盐酸盐和乙酸盐。
所述通式I的化合物或其盐以有效量施用,以提供所需的治疗结果。
所述通式I的化合物或其盐可对患者以0.1mg/kg人体重至30mg/kg人体重的剂量施用,优选为0.3mg/kg至1.5mg/kg的剂量,每日一次或更多次。
然而,应当注意的是,对于特定患者的特定剂量取决于许多因素,如患者的年龄、体重、性别、一般健康状况以及饮食;药剂施用的时间表和途径、其从身体排出的速率;以及所治疗个体的疾病的严重程度。
根据本发明的药物组合物包含提供所需结果的有效量的通式I的化合物或其可药用盐,并且可制备为单位剂型(例如,以固体、半固体或液体形式),其包含与载体或赋形剂形成的混合物中作为活性剂的通式I的化合物或其盐,,适用于肌内、静脉内、经口、舌下、吸入、鼻内、直肠内或经皮施用。活性成分可与传统的无毒性可药用载体在组合物中,其适用于制造溶液、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、包衣丸剂、栓剂、乳剂、混悬剂、软膏、凝胶、贴剂和其他剂型。
多种化合物适于作为赋形剂,例如,如糖,例如葡萄糖、乳糖或蔗糖;甘露醇或山梨醇;纤维素衍生物;和/或磷酸钙,例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙。化合物,如淀粉糊(例如,玉米、小麦、水稻或马铃薯淀粉)、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮可用作粘合剂。如有必要,可添加崩解剂,如上文提到的淀粉和羧甲基淀粉、交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂或者藻酸或其盐如藻酸钠。
可任选地使用为流动性控制剂和润滑剂的添加剂,如二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸和其盐,例如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙,和/或丙二醇。
也可添加这样的添加剂,如稳定剂、增稠剂、着色剂和芳香剂。
所使用的软膏基质包括烃类软膏基质,如白凡士林和黄凡士林(分别为凡士林白色物和凡士林黄色物)、凡士林油(液状石蜡)和白软膏与液体软膏(分别为油膏白色物和油膏黄色物),其中固体石蜡或蜡可用作提供更坚实质地的添加剂;吸收性软膏基质,如亲水凡士林(Vaselinum hydrophylicum),羊毛脂(Lanolinum)和冷霜(Unguentum leniens);除水软膏基质,如亲水性软膏(Unguentum hydrophylum);水溶性软膏基质,如聚乙二醇软膏(Unguentum Glycolis polyaethyleni);膨润土基质;等。
用于凝胶的基质可选自甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、氧基丙基纤维素、聚乙二醇或聚环氧乙烷和卡波姆。
用于栓剂的基质可为水不溶性基质如可可脂;水溶性或水混溶性基质如明胶-甘油或聚环氧乙烷;或组合的基质,如肥皂甘油基质。
在单位剂型中,与载体组合使用的活性剂的量可根据治疗的接受者并根据治疗剂的特定施用方法而变化。
例如,当通式I的化合物或其盐以溶液的形式用于注射时,活性剂的量为0.1%至5%。稀释剂可选自0.9%的氯化钠溶液、蒸馏水、用于注射的奴佛卡因溶液、林格氏溶液和葡萄糖溶液,其可包含特定的增溶助剂。当通式I的化合物或其盐以片剂或栓剂的形式施用时,其量为每单位剂型10mg至300mg。
本发明的剂型为通过传统方法制造的,如掺和、造粒、丸剂成型、溶解和冷冻干燥。
定义
如本文中所使用的术语“烷基”意指饱和的直链或支链烃。在一些实施方案中,烷基基团包含1个至6个碳原子。在另一些实施方案中,烷基基团包含1个至5个碳原子。在另一些实施方案中,烷基基团包含1个至4个碳原子,并且在另一些实施方案中,烷基基团包含1个至3个碳原子。
如本文中所使用的术语“烷氧基”意指如上文所限定的这样的烷基基团,其通过氧原子连接于分子(“烷氧基”,例如-O-烷基)。
实验部分
合成方法
通过在“Kieselgel 60 F254”板(Merck,德国)上的薄层色谱(TLC)法确认所获得的化合物的身份。用氯四甲基苯试剂和保利试剂对色谱染色。
多组分混合物分析的UPLC/MS Shimadzu 2020 LC/MS系统包含:CBM-20A分析型HPLC色谱、LC-30AD泵、SIL-30AC自动进样器、SPD-M20A检测器、ELSD-LTII(蒸发性光散射检测器)和LCMS-20质谱仪。
将Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱,1.7μm,2.1x50mm,与溶剂系统用于梯度洗脱:溶剂A-含0.1%HCOOH的水,溶剂B-含0.1%HCOOH的乙腈(条件A)。
将YMC-UltraHT Hydrosphere C18柱,2.0μm,50x2.0mm,与溶剂系统用于梯度洗脱:溶剂A-含0.1%HCOOH的水,溶剂B-含0.1%HCOOH的乙腈(条件B)。
将Shim-pack XR-ODS II柱,75x3mm,与溶剂系统用于梯度洗脱:溶剂A-含0.1%HCOOH的水,溶剂B-含0.1%HCOOH的乙腈(条件D)。
将Syncrgi 2u Hydro-RP Mercury柱,20x2.0mm,与溶剂系统用于梯度洗脱:溶剂A-含0.05%TFAA的水,溶剂B-含0.05%TFAA的乙腈(条件E)。
多组分混合物分析的UPLC/MS Shimadzu 2020 LC/MS系统包含:Surveyor MSQ色谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、LC泵(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、PAL系统自动进样器(CTC analytics),Surveyor PDA Plus探测器(Thermo Fisher),和Surveyor MSQ质谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific)。
将SunFire C18柱,3.5μm,2.1x30mm(Waters)与溶剂系统用于梯度洗脱:溶剂A-0.1%的甲酸水性溶液,溶剂B-95%的乙腈、5%的水、0.1%的甲酸(条件F)。
通过使用用于有机多组分混合物分析的HPLC Shimadzu系统进行分析性反相HPLC,其包含分析型HPLC CBM-20A色谱仪、LC-20AD泵、SIL-20A自动进样器和SPD-20A UA检测器。
将Symmetry C18柱,150x4.6mm,5μm,与梯度洗脱系统一起使用:溶剂A-0.0025M的1-己基磺酸钠水性溶液,pH=3;溶剂B-乙腈(条件1)。
将Luna C18(2)100A柱,250x4.6mm(No.599779-23),与梯度洗脱系统一起使用:磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 3.0)-甲醇(条件2)。
将X-Bridge C 18柱,150x4.6mm(3.5μm),与梯度洗脱系统一起使用:溶剂A-0.0025M的1-己基磺酸钠水性溶液,pH=3;溶剂B-乙腈(条件3)。
将Symmetry C18柱,150x4.6mm,5μm,与梯度洗脱系统一起使用:磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 3.0)-甲醇(条件4)。
将MerkLiChroCART柱,250×4mm,5μm,LiChrospher 100RP-8E 5μm.C8.序列号1.50837.0001,与梯度洗脱系统一起使用:乙酸铵缓冲液(pH7.5)-乙腈(条件5)。
通过使用用于有机多组分混合物分析的系统进行分析型反相HPLC,其包含:色谱仪(Agilent 1100)、泵(Hewlett-Packard系列1100,仓式泵G1312A)和UV探测器(DADG1315B Agilent 1100)。
将ELSICO ReproSil-PurC18-AO柱,5μm,250x4.6mm,与溶剂系统用于梯度洗脱:溶剂A-水性磷酸铵缓冲液,pH=8.6;溶剂B-乙腈(条件6)。
在Bruker DPX-400光谱仪(德国)中记录1H NMR谱。
通过不同温度模式下在有机溶剂中在存在或不存在有机碱的情况下将适当的酸酐与胺或二肽反应制备二羧酸单酰胺。在一些情况下,保护在所使用的胺衍生物中杂环的NH基团。优选为Boc-保护。用于缩合反应的优选的有机溶剂包括四氢呋喃、氯仿、亚甲基氯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、乙腈,以及二烷与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺以3∶1的比例的混合物。该反应优选地在冷却至0℃或3-5℃、在室温下或在加热至45℃或至60℃,以及在溶剂的沸点下进行。
通过在有机溶剂(优选异丙醇)中将以在胺基团处包含C1-C6烷基取代基的适当的胺与戊二酸酐反应制备二羧酸C1-C6烷基酰胺,在冷却下进行。
在戊二酰基部分中包含C1-C6烷基取代的羧基的二羧酸酰胺为通过将适当的酸酐与胺,任选地在适当的溶剂中在煮沸下反应而制备。之后,将所得的酰胺混悬于C1-C6醇中,并在室温下向其滴加三甲基氯硅烷。
通过在无水有机溶剂中,使用戊二酸酐和适当的C1-C6醇,通过活化的N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯的方法进行戊二酸单C1-C6酯的合成。此后,在有机溶剂中,在缩合剂优选1,1′-羰基二咪唑的存在下,使所得到的戊二酸C1-C6酯进入与适当的胺的反应。
在戊二酰基部分中包含单或二甲基取代基的二羧酸酰胺为通过在室温下在甲醇中搅拌单或二甲基取代的戊二酸酐24小时以将其打开从而制备得到。然后,在有机溶剂优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在缩合剂优选1,1′-羰基二咪唑的存在下,使该戊二酸单或二甲基取代的单甲基酯进入与适当的胺的反应。
如下制备在戊二酰基部分的α位中包含羟基作为取代基的二羧酸酰胺:通过使用经由在冷却下在有机溶剂中与草酰氯反应从5-氧代四氢呋喃-2-羧酸制备的5-氧代四氢呋喃-2-羰酰氯,并且之后通过在有机溶剂中,在钾碱的存在下将5-氧代四氢呋喃-2-羰酰氯与适当的胺反应,随后在碱的存在下进行内酯的水解,以获得目标酰胺。
在制备二肽的戊二基衍生物的过程中,通过在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中活化的对硝基苯酯的方法从二-Boc保护的组氨酸和适当的氨基酸合成二肽。通过用三氟乙酸处理受保护的二肽除去Boc保护。在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中在2当量N-甲基吗啉的的存在下向所述二肽的三氟乙酸衍生物添加戊二酸酐以获得二肽戊二基衍生物。
使用缩合剂优选1,1′-羰基二咪唑合成γ-氨基丁酸与适当的胺的衍生物。起始的化合物为受保护的γ-氨基丁酸的衍生物,优选为N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸。N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸与1,1′-羰基二咪唑的反应提供了活化的衍生物,N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸的咪唑,使其进入与适当的胺的反应。两个反应均在有机溶剂优选无水乙腈中进行。缩合反应在加热下优选为在45℃下进行。
焦谷氨酸、N-乙酰谷氨酸在α-羧基基团处、谷氨酸在γ-羧基基团处、3-氨基磺酰基丙酸与适当的胺的衍生物如下制备:
通过活化的N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯的方法,其包括在室温下,在无水有机溶剂中,将适当的酸的N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯与适当的胺反应;
通过由以下所组成的方法:在有机溶剂中,在有机碱的存在下,使用缩合剂,优选N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(苯并三唑-1-基)脲四氟硼酸盐。
通过由以下所组成的方法:在有机醇,优选为甲醇或异丙醇中的适当的胺和焦谷氨酸的长效陈化,优选为一周。
如下进行3-(4-咪唑基)丙烯酸和3-(4-咪唑基)丙酸优选地与2-氨基戊酸、4-氨基丁酸和6-氨基己酸之酰胺或其可药用盐的合成:
(1)通过氯酐的方法。通过使用优选的亚硫酰氯制备适当的酸的氯酐,在室温下,在无水有机溶剂中,使所得的未经额外纯化的氯酐进入与适当的氨基酸反应;
(2)通过由以下所组成的方法:使用缩合剂,优选1,1′-羰基二咪唑。该反应在优选为至80℃的加热下,在有机溶剂中且在有机碱的存在下进行。
由适当的酯制备包含-C-O-C(=O)-键的衍生物,该适当的酯为通过三信反应从适当的醇或酸制备。
其余的化合物为通过有机化学的标准方法合成。
1.通过化合物196的合成举例说明二羧酸单酰胺衍生物的合成
在室温搅拌下,将在二氯甲烷(25mL)中的戊二酸酐(2)(2.850g,25mmol)的溶液逐滴添加到在二氯甲烷(50mL)中的N-[1-(2-氨基乙基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]乙酰胺二盐酸盐(1)(3.588g,15mmol)与三乙胺(3.440g,4.8mL,34mmol)的溶液。将所得的混合物在室温下搅拌6小时直至起始的胺完全消失(通过TLC、LCMS控制)。将三乙胺的沉淀残留物滤出。将滤液在减压下浓缩。将所得的残留物用丙酮处理。将所形成的沉淀物滤出,用丙酮和乙醚洗涤,并在空气中在减压下干燥。化合物3以白色固体(1.101g,26%)的形式得到。Rf(3)0.52(DCM/异丙醇,5∶1+2滴乙酸)。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为1.06分钟,[M+H]+=265(条件A)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为1分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.81(五重峰,2H,CH2 CH2 CH2,J=6.5Hz),1.97(s,3H,Me),2.55(t,4H,CH2 CH 2 CH 2,J=6.5Hz),3.96(t,2H,CH2 NCO,J=6.3Hz),4.05(t,2H,CH2 Pyr,J=6.3Hz),6.38(s,1H,CH),7.52(s,1H,CH=N),10.35(s,1H,NH)。
2.通过化合物94的合成举例说明二肽的戊二酰基衍生物的合成
将4ml的25%氨水溶液添加至20mL的二甲基甲酰胺中的10g(28.4mmol)Boc-亮氨酸对硝基苯酯溶液;将反应混合物在室温下陈化3小时并蒸干,并将残留物用醚研制,滤出,并用醚洗涤以获得2.5g(10.87mmol)的Boc-亮氨酸酰胺(Rf-0.6:氯仿∶甲醇∶32%乙酸(15∶4∶1))。将残留物溶解于25mL的三氟乙酸中,陈化1小时,并蒸发;将残留物用醚研制,滤出,并溶解于50mL的二甲基甲酰胺中,之后添加NMM至pH 8.5,此后向溶液添加5.14g(10.8mmol)的二-Boc-L-组氨酸对硝基苯酯,使反应混合物在室温下静置过夜,蒸发二甲基甲酰胺,并且将残留物溶解于10mL的乙酸乙酯-己烷(8+2mL)混合物中并通过用在相同混合物中的硅胶混悬液装填的柱(3×17cm)。将产物用乙酸乙酯洗脱,并将包含目标化合物的级分组合并蒸干。产物的产量为3.95g(9.6mmol),其Rf-0.8(氯仿∶甲醇∶32%乙酸(15∶4∶1))。将二肽酰胺溶解于25mL的三氟乙酸中,在室温下陈化1小时,并蒸发;将残留物用醚研制,滤出,并溶解于25mL的二甲基甲酰胺中,之后添加NMM至pH 8.5,此后向溶液经3份以15分钟至20分钟的间隔添加1.14g(10mmol)的戊二酸酐,将反应混合物在室温下陈化2小时,并蒸发,向残留物添加100mL的乙酸乙酯并使其静置过夜,将沉淀滤出,溶解于100mL的水中,用50mL的乙酸乙酯提取,并将水层蒸发至其体积的一半,用活性炭处理,蒸发,溶解于100mL的2%乙酸中,并冷冻干燥。目标产物的产量为3.5g(91%),其Rf-0.75(氯仿∶甲醇∶32%乙酸(5∶3∶1))。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.2分钟,[M+H]+=382(条件A)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为11.8分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):0.82,0.87(d,6H,CH2CH(CH 3)2,J=6.1Hz);1.51(m,3H,CH 2CH(CH3)2);1.67(五重峰,2H,CH2CH2 CH2,J=7.5Hz);2.15(m,4H,CH 2CH 2 CH 2);2.86,2.98(m,2H,CCH 2CH);4.19(m,1H,NCH);4.52(m,1H,CCH2CH);7.02,7.51(br s,2H,NH2 );7.07(s,1H,CCH);7.90(d,1H,NH,J=8.2Hz);8.08(d,1H,NH,J=7.9Hz);8.23(s,1H,NCHN)。
3.通过化合物103的合成举例说明γ-氨基丁酸酰胺的合成
将在10mL无水乙腈中的从2.23mL(0.011mol)的N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸和1.95g(0.012mol)羰基咪唑得到的N-Boc-γ氨基丁酸咪唑的溶液添加到在25mL无水乙腈中的1.36g(0.01mol)2-(3-氨基丙基)吡啶的溶液。将反应混合物在45℃下搅拌4小时,在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物溶解于300mL醚中,用碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液洗涤(3×100mL)。将有机层通过硫酸钠干燥,在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物在油泵的真空下干燥至恒定重量。将残留物溶解于80mL的无水醚中,并向其添加在无水甲醇中的5%的氯化氢溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌直至起始的化合物消失(根据TLC数据)(经过约4小时),在真空下移除溶剂,将残留物用无水醚研制,将醚倒出,并重复此过程。使在醚中的残留物在0℃静置8小时。将沉淀滤出,用无水醚洗涤(3×10mL),并在真空下干燥。产量为1.62g(63%),Rf(氯仿-甲醇,4/1)为0.48。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.5分钟,[M+H]+=222(条件B)。在条件2下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为4.00分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.78(五重峰,2H,CH2CH2 CH2NH2,J=7.5Hz);1.87(五重峰,2H,CH2CH2 CH2NH,J=7.3Hz);2.20(t,2H,CH 2CONH,J=7.3Hz);2.77(m,2H,CH 2NH2);3.01(t,2H,CH 2-Pyr,J=7.5Hz);3.09(q,2H,CH 2NH,J=7.5Hz);7.80(m,1H,5-Pyr);7.89(d,1H,3-Pyr,J=7.8Hz);8.15(m,1H,4-Pyr);8.39(br t,1H,NH);8.74(d,1H,6-Pyr,J=4.1Hz)。
4.通过化合物178的合成举例说明焦谷氨酸酰胺的合成
将3.4g(29.8mmol)的HONSu和在10mLDMF中的6.4g(29.8mmol)DCC的溶液添加至25mLDMF中的3.5g(27.1mmol)的焦谷氨酸溶液,并冷却至0℃。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌14、时并在室温下搅拌16小时。将残留物通过过滤分离并以用乙酸乙酯洗涤(3×10mL)。将组合的滤液的溶剂在真空下移除直至形成稳定的泡沫。其产量为5.8g(95%)。Rf=0.6(氯仿-甲醇(1∶1))。
将2.35g(9.7mmol)的组氨酸二盐酸盐和2.87mL(19.4mmol)的三乙胺添加至20mLDMF中的2.2g(9.7mmol)的焦谷氨酸N-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物溶解于20mL的乙酸乙酯中并用1%的柠檬酸(3×10mL)和水洗涤至中性反应,并用饱和的氯化钠溶液洗涤。将有机层通过无水硫酸钠干燥。在真空下移除溶剂。产量为2.36g(80%),Rf=0.3(氯仿-甲醇(4∶1))。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.23分钟,[M+H]+=281(条件C)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留持时间为7.0分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.83-2.23(m,4H,CH 2CH2 CH),2.93(m,2H,CH 2CH),3.61(s,3H,OCH3);4.02(m,1H,CH2CH2CH);4.50(m,1H,CH2CH);6.84(s,1H,CCH);7.60(s,1H,NCHN);7.78(s,1H,NH),8.05(d,1H,NH,J=7.8Hz)。
5.通过化合物85的合成举例说明3-(4-咪唑基)丙烯酸和3-(4-咪唑基)丙酸的酰
胺的合成
在剧烈搅拌下,以小份将酸1(1g,0.007mmol)添加至5mL的冷亚硫酰氯。当添加了酸1的全部量时,将反应混合物在加热下搅拌3小时至4小时并且之后冷却至室温。将亚硫酰氯在减压下移除。将所得的产物2小心地在Schott滤器上用无水甲苯洗涤(3×20mL)。技术产物2的产量为1.4g(99%)。将产物未经进一步纯化地用于下一步。
将起始的酸2的氯酐(1.4g,0.009mol)混悬于干DMF中,并在搅拌下添加胺盐酸盐3(1.34g,0.0098mol)和三乙胺(4mL,0.036mol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10小时。当反应完成时,将三乙胺盐酸盐滤出,并在真空下移除溶剂。将残留物通过柱色谱法在硅胶上用以下溶剂系统纯化:亚甲基氯-甲醇(15∶1)。纯的中间产物4的产量为0.65g(35%)。
将起始的醚4(0.65g,0.0026mol)溶解于10mL的50%乙醇中,并在搅拌下添加KOH(0.18g,0.0032mol)。在室温下继续搅拌5小时至6小时。当反应完成时(通过在亚甲基氯-甲醇(10∶1)的系统中通过TLC进行控制),将溶液通过厚层的硅藻土过滤,并在真空下移除溶剂。将所得的钾盐在滤器上用丙酮洗涤并重新溶解于无水乙醇中,并通过添加浓盐酸(1当量)将目标产物5沉淀。产物5的产量为0.55g(90%)。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.2分钟,[M+H]+=238(条件A)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为11.8分钟。
6.通过化合物45的合成举例说明在戊二酰基部分中包含单或二甲基衍生物的二
羧酸酰胺的合成
将化合物1(2.6g,0.018mol)溶解于50mL的甲醇中并在室温下搅拌24小时。在真空下移除溶剂,并将所获得的技术产物2(3.2g,100%)未经进一步纯化地用于下一步。
在室温下,将1,1′-羰基二咪唑(8.3g,0.052mol)添加至50mL的二甲基甲酰胺中的化合物2(6.4g,0.037mol)的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,并且之后向其添加在20mL的二甲基甲酰胺中的组胺(4.1g,0.037mol)溶液,并将混合物在室温下搅拌10小时。在真空下移除溶剂。通过柱色谱法在硅胶PurasilTM 230μm至400μm目(38μm至63μm)(Whatman)(柱:直径=50mm,高度=400mm,洗脱液:氯仿-甲醇(4∶1))上将残留物纯化。产物3的产量为2.6g(26%),其形式为浅黄色油状物。
在室温下,将在25mL水中的氢氧化钾(0.65g,0.052mol)溶液添加至在25mL乙醇中的化合物3(2.6g,0.010mol)溶液,并且之后将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10小时。另外,将该混合物用盐酸(1.2mL,0.052mol)酸化,在真空下移除溶剂,并通过柱色谱法在硅胶PurasilTM 230μm至400μm目(38μm至63μm)(Whatman)(柱:直径=30mm,高度=300mm,洗脱液:氯仿-甲醇(1∶1))上将残留物纯化。产物4的产量为1.1g(44%)。该白色晶体化合物可自由溶解于水中,在氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)系统中Rf=0.23。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.55分钟,[M+H]+=254(条件E)。在条件3下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为11.1分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.05(s.6H.CH 3);1.67(m,2H,CH 2CH2COOH),2.06(m,2H,CH2COOH),2.62(t,2H,CH2CH 2C,J=7.4Hz);3.26(q,2H,CH2CH2NH,J=7.4Hz);6.77(s,1H,CCH);7.51(s,1H,NCH);7.60(br s,1H,NH)。
7.通过化合物67的合成举例说明在戊二酰基部分的α位中包含羟基作为取代基的
二羧酸酰胺的合成
在反应混合物不超过30℃的温度下,将在140mL水中的硝酸钠(10.0g,144.0mmol)溶液和在140mL水中的浓硫酸(7.2g,73.0mmol)溶液逐滴同时地添加至化合物1(18.0g,122.0mmol)的混悬液,并在室温下将该混合物搅拌10小时。在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物用热的乙酸盐(3x100mL)提取。在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物用热的亚甲基氯(2x100mL)提取。在真空下移除溶剂,且无色糖浆形式的产物2的产量为8g(51%)。
将若干滴二甲基甲酰胺添加至150mL的亚甲基氯中的化合物2(10.0g,77.0mmol)的溶液。然后,将反应物质冷却至5℃,并在5℃至10℃下向其添加在30mL亚甲基氯中的草酰氯(9.78g,77.0mmol,6.6mL)溶液。将反应物质在室温下搅拌3小时,并在真空下移除溶剂。将残留物溶解于70mL的四氢呋喃中并在0℃下将其逐滴添加至100mL二甲基甲酰胺中的组胺(5.0g,45.0mmol)和钾碱(12.7g,92.0mmol)的混悬液。将反应物质在室温下搅拌10小时并滤出,并在真空下移除滤液。将油形式中获得的残留物用醚(1x50mL)、热四氢呋喃(2x50mL)并且之后用乙腈(1x50mL)洗涤。倒出溶剂,在真空下移除残留物,并且暗红色油形式的产物4的产量为8g(46%)。
将在1mL水中的氢氧化钠(0.52g,13.0mmol)溶液添加至在乙腈-水(10∶1,40mL)混合物中的化合物4(3.0g,13.4mmol)溶液,并在室温下搅拌10分钟。在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物溶解于10mL的水中并通过离子交换色谱法(Dowex 50WX8-400,滤器:d=60mm,h=35mm;洗脱液-水(250mL),之后5%的氨水(250mL))纯化。通过薄层色谱法(氯仿-甲醇-5%氨水溶液(1∶1∶0.1),Rf=0.7)进行控制。将所获得的级分合并,在真空下移除溶剂,将残留物在乙腈-甲醇(4∶1,70mL)的混合物中煮沸并滤出,并将残留物在干燥器中在70℃下干燥至恒定重量。产物5的产量为1.6(49%)。该白色晶体化合物可自由溶于水,在氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)系统中Rf=0.15。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.5分钟,[M+H]+=242(条件D)。在条件3下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为7.4分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.65,1.87(m,1H+1H,CH2CH 2CH),2.23(m,2H,CH 2CH2CH),2.64(t,2H,CH2CH 2C,J=7.2Hz);3.31(q,2H,CH2CH 2NH,J=6.7Hz);3.85(dd,1H,CH2CH2CH,J=4.2,7.7Hz),6.79(s,1H,CCH);7.52(s,1H,NCHN),7.82(t,1H,NH,J=5.7Hz)。
8.通过化合物68的合成举例说明3-(4-咪唑基)丙烯酸和3-(4-咪唑基)丙酸酰胺
的合成
将10%Pd/C(5.0g)的催化剂添加至在30%甲醇水溶液(1200mL)中的化合物1(21.3g,0.154mol)的溶液,并且将反应混合物通过在1atm下并在50℃下提供氢以进行水合,持续48小时。此后,将混合物冷却至室温,通过在漏斗上的纸滤器滤出催化剂,并在真空下移除溶剂。残留物从乙醚(150mL)结晶。将所获得的残留物滤出并在空气中干燥至恒定重量。产物2的产量为16.5g(76%)。
将1,1′-羰基二咪唑(19.1g,0.118mol)在搅拌下添加至200mL二甲基甲酰胺中的化合物2(16.5g,0.118mol)的溶液。将反应混合物加热至80℃并搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却,并在剧烈的搅拌下以小份向其添加三乙胺(13.1g,0.129mol)和化合物3(19.9g,0.129mol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌12小时并且之后过滤。在真空下移除滤液。将所得的油形式的产物通过柱色谱法(柱:直径=90mm,吸附剂层高=75mm,洗脱液:乙酸乙酯-甲醇(15∶1))纯化。获得淡黄色油形式的产物4;其产量为18g(63%)。
将干的KOH(8.44g,0.15mol)以小份与在200mL水中的产物4(18g,0.075mol)的溶液混合。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌9小时。当反应完成时(通过在氯仿-甲醇(5∶1)系统中的TLC控制起始试剂,Rf=7),在真空下移除溶剂。将所获得的该酸的钾盐在滤器上用丙酮洗涤,重新溶解于水中,并通过添加浓盐酸(15.2mL,2当量)酸化至pH 5-6。在真空下移除水,并将残留物混悬于甲醇(50mL)中并过滤。在真空下移除滤液,将残留物通过柱色谱法在硅胶PurasilTM 230μm至400μm目(38μm至63μm)(Whatman)(柱:直径=60mm,吸附剂层高=80mm,洗脱液:氯仿-甲醇-25%氨水溶液(1∶1∶0.05))上将残留物纯化。将所得的淡黄色油形式的自由溶于水的产物5干燥至恒定重量。产物5的产量为3g(18%)。该淡黄色晶体化合物可自由溶于水,在氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)的系统中Rf=0.2。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.28分钟,[M+H]+=226(条件E)。在条件3下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为9.6分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.59(五重峰2H,CH2CH2 CH2,J=7.2Hz);2.18(t,2H,CH2 COOH,J=7.2Hz);2.34(t,2H,CH2 CONH,J=7.8Hz);2.70(t,2H,CH2 C,J=7.8Hz);3.03(q,2H,CH2 NH,J=6.7Hz);6.70(s,1H,CCH);7.48(s,1H,NCHN);7.86(br t,1H,NH)。
9.通过化合物145的合成举例说明作为3-氨基磺酰基丙酸的衍生物的酰胺的合成
在0-10℃下(反应混合物的温度必须不高于0℃),将硫酰氯(64.8mL,0.8mol)在剧烈搅拌下逐滴添加至精细研磨的硝酸钾(84.14g,0.883mol)和化合物1(36.9mL,0.333mol)的化合物。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时。去掉冷却,并在室温下将混合物另外搅拌16-18小时。添加NaHCO3的饱和水溶液至pH 7-8,用乙酸甲酯(2x200mL)进行提取,将有机相通过硫酸钠干燥,并在真空下移除溶剂。将黄色残留物形式的技术产物未经进一步纯化地用于下一步。技术产物2的产量为46.5g(75%)。
将乙醚(500mL)用氨饱和,同时冷却至0℃,并将其在剧烈搅拌下一次性地添加至500mL乙醚中的化合物2(46.5g,0.249mol)的溶液。将反应物质在室温下搅拌1小时。将沉淀过滤。在真空下移除滤液,向残留物添加30mL的冷醚,并将沉淀滤出,用20mL的冷醚洗涤,并在空气中干燥至恒定重量。所得的白色或微淡黄色晶体产物的产量为24.7g(60%)。
将在50mL水中的氢氧化钾(6.71g,0.120mol)水溶液添加至50mL水中的化合物3(10g,0.066mol)的溶液。将反应物质回流1小时,冷却至室温,并向其添加10%的HCl至pH2-3并在真空下移除至干燥。将丙酮(150mL)添加至所得的残留物并搅拌30分钟,将残留物滤出并用丙酮(100mL)洗涤。将滤液分离并在真空下移除,并将所获得的无色晶体产物4在空气中干燥至恒定重量。
在室温下,将在50mL二烷中的N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺(6.2g,0.030mol)溶液逐滴添加至二烷-丙酮混合物(9∶1,400mL)中的化合物4(4.2g,0.027mol)和羟基琥珀酰亚胺(3.47g,0.030mol)的溶液。将反应物质搅拌12小时。将沉淀滤出,用50mL的二烷洗涤,并在真空下移除有机层。向所得的残留物添加乙酸乙酯(50mL),将沉淀滤出,用30mL的乙酸乙酯洗涤并在空气中干燥至恒定重量。该白色晶体产物5的产量为3.3g(48%)。
将化合物5(3.3g,0.013mol)添加至30mL的二甲基甲酰胺中的化合物6(1.33g,0.012mol)的溶液。将反应物质在室温下搅拌16小时。在真空下移除多余量的溶剂,将所得的残留物通过柱色谱法在硅胶PurasilTM 230μm至400μm目(38μm至63μm)(Whatman)(吸附剂层高=40mm,直径=20mm,洗脱液:甲醇-氯仿(1∶5))上纯化。将所获得的浅黄色油状物溶解于20mL的甲醇中,向其在乙酸乙酯中添加4M HCl(10mL),并使其在室温下静置10小时。将沉淀滤出,用少量的甲醇洗涤并在空气中干燥。可自由溶于水的白色晶体产物的产量为1.88g(82%),在氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)系统中Rf=0.45。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.5分钟,[M+H]+=247(条件D)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为7.9分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):2.53(t,2H,CH2 C,J=7.8Hz),2.79(t,2H,CH2 C=O,J=6.7Hz),3.16(t,2H,CH2 S,J=6.7Hz),3.34(q,2H,CH2 NH,J=6.4Hz),6.84(s,2H,NH2);7.43(s,1H,CCH),8.26(t,1H,NH,J=5.6Hz),9.00(s,1H,NCHN);14.51(br s,1H,NH)。
10.通过化合物63的合成举例说明在戊二酰基部分中包含C1-C6烷基取代的羧基基
团的二羧酸酰胺的合成
将戊二酸酐(10g,87.6mmol),N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(3g,2.1mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(1.07g,8.8mmol),无水叔丁醇(24mL,262mmol),和三乙胺(3.6mL,25.8mmol)在干甲苯中的混合物在室温下混合30分钟,之后煮沸8小时,并使其在室温下静置过夜。将混合物用乙酸乙酯(250mL)稀释,用10%的柠檬酸(3x100mL)溶液洗涤,之后用饱和盐溶液(2x50mL)洗涤,并通过无水硫酸钠干燥,并在真空下移除溶剂。将产物通过快速色谱法在硅胶上用乙酸乙酯-己烷(1∶1)的洗脱混合物分离。无色油形式的醚(1)的产量为4.5g(27%),[M+H]+=187.49。
将1,1′-羰基二咪唑(2.26g,14mmol)添加至50mL的无水四氢呋喃中的单醚(1)(2.2g,11.7mmol)的溶液,并将该混合物煮沸1小时。然后,将该混合物冷却至室温,并向其添加组胺二盐酸盐(2.15g,11.7mmol)和三乙胺(3.28mL,23.4mmol)。将反应物质在室温下搅拌8小时,倒入100mL的10%钾碱溶液中,用二氯甲烷(3x75mL)提取,通过无水硫酸钠干燥,并在真空下移除溶剂。将目标产物通过快速色谱法在硅胶上,用二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶1)的洗脱混合物分离。在重结晶后,白色晶体形式的目标产物的产量为1.1g(33%)。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.93分钟,[M+H]+=282(条件G)。在条件6下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为13.4分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.38(s,9H,CH 3CH),1.68(五重峰,2H,CH2CH 2CH2,J=7.5Hz);2.06(t,2H,CH 2CONH,J=7.4Hz);2.15(t,2H,CH 2COO,J=7.4Hz);2.60(t,2H,CH 2C,J=7.4Hz);3.24(m,2H,CH 2N);6.73(br s,1H,CCH);7.46(d,1H,NCHN,J=1Hz);7.70(br s,1H,NH);11.67(br s,1H,NH)。
11.通过化合物64的合成举例说明在戊二酰基部分中包含C1-C6烷基取代的羧基基
团的二羧酸酰胺的合成
将戊二酸酐(4.8g,42mmol)、组胺二盐酸盐(6g,32.6mmol)和三乙胺(13.7mL,97.8mmol)的混合物在150mL的无水四氢呋喃中煮沸24小时,冷却至室温,并将残留物滤出,用四氢呋喃洗涤,并在70℃干燥10小时。以三乙胺盐形式获得10g的酸(1),其不经进一步纯化地用于下一步。[M+H]+=225.99。
将2.54mL(20mmol)的三甲基氯硅烷逐滴添加至50mL无水正丙醇中的酸(1)(3.26g,10mmol)的混悬液。将反应物质在室温下搅拌4小时,用100mL的乙酸乙酯稀释,用10%的钾碱溶液(2x100mL)洗涤,然后用饱和盐溶液(2x50mL)洗涤,通过无水硫酸钠干燥,并在真空下移除溶剂。将产物通过快速色谱法在硅胶上,用二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶1)的洗脱混合物分离。在从乙酸乙酯重结晶后,白色晶体形式的目标产物的产量为2g(74%)。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.4分钟,[M+H]+=268(条件G)。在条件6下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为11.8分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):0.87(t,3H,CH 3CH2,J=7.4Hz),1.56(t,2H,CH2CH 2CH2,J=7.1Hz),1.73(五重峰,2H,CH2CH 2CH2),2.07(五重峰,2H,CH2CO,J=7.5Hz);2.06(t,2H,CH 2COO,J=7.5Hz);2.60(t,2H,CH 2C,J=7.4Hz);3.25(m,2H,CH 2N);3.95(t,2H,CH 2O,J=6.7Hz);6.73(br s,1H,CCH);7.46(d,1H,NCHN,J=1Hz);7.72(br s,1H,NH);11.7(br s,1H,NH)。
12.通过化合物185的合成举例说明焦谷氨酸酰胺的合成
将在50mL二氯甲烷中的酸(1.55g,12mmol)、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(苯并三唑-1-基)脲四氟硼酸盐(3.85g,12mmol)和三乙胺(1.66mL,12mmol)的混悬液搅拌10分钟,添加胺(1.54g,12mmol),并将混合物另外搅拌1小时。在真空下移除溶剂至干燥,并通过柱色谱法在硅胶上,用二氯甲烷-甲醇-氨水(5∶1∶0.01)的洗脱混合物进行分离。通过石蜡HPLC在吸附剂C18上用水中的0.1%甲酸-乙腈中的0.1甲酸的梯度洗脱系统进行额外的纯化,并在真空下进行干燥。黄色晶体形式的目标产物的产量为1.43g(50%)。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为0.2分钟,[M+H]+=240(条件G)。在条件3下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为8.2分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.43(m,2H,CH2CH2CH2 CH2CH2);1.59(m,4H,CH2CH2 CH2CH2 CH2);1.87(dddd,1H,CH2CH2 CH,J=12.0;9.0;5.6;4.5Hz);2.11(m,2H,CH2CH2 CO);2.24(dddd,1H,CH2CH2 CH,J=12.0;9.8;8.4;6.8Hz);2.62(br s,6H,NCH2 );3.28(m,2H,NHCH2 CH2N);3.96(ddd,1H,NHCHCH2,J=8.6;4.6;1.0Hz);7.68(br s,1H,NH);7.94(br s,1H,NH)。
13.通过化合物72的合成举例说明包含-C-O-C(=O)-键的化合物的合成
将化合物1(25mL,0.32mol)添加至NaOH(13g,0.32mol)的溶液并加热至45℃。将反应物质在60℃下搅拌12小时,并且之后在真空下移除甲醇。将所得的残留物用乙醚(2x250mL)洗涤并在干燥器中在40℃下干燥12小时,且产物2的产量为38g(95%)。
将苄基溴(29mL,0.25mol)添加至100mL的二甲基甲酰胺中的化合物2(38g,0.30mol)的混悬液。将反应物质在搅拌下在60℃陈化2小时。在真空下移除溶剂,并将所得的残留物用10%的水性NaHCO3(200mL)稀释并用CCl4(3x250mL)提取。将有机级分组合。在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物在空气中干燥至恒定重量。产物3的产量为47g(80%)。
将化合物4(6.3g,0.046mol)添加至100mL二甲基甲酰胺中的化合物3(9.0g,0.046mol)和三苯基膦(15.0g,0.056mol)的溶液。将所得的混悬液冷却至-5℃,并在不高于+5℃的温度下缓慢地添加偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(11mL,0.056mol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。在真空下移除溶剂,并将残留物通过柱色谱法在硅胶PurasilTM 230μm至400μm目(38μm至63μm)(Whatman)(柱:直径=50mm,吸附剂层高=75mm,己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(300∶150∶1)的系统)上纯化。产物5的产量为6.7g(45%)。
将10%Pd/C(0.5g)添加至四氢呋喃(50mL)中的化合物5(4.9g,0.016mol)的溶液。将反应混合物在80atm下用氢进行水合,持续12小时。当反应完成时,将混合物通过硅藻土层(10mm)。在真空下移除溶剂。将残留物通过柱色谱法在硅胶PurasilTM 230μm至400μm目(38μm至63μm)(Whatman)(柱:直径=20mm,吸附剂层高=40mm,氯仿-甲醇(4∶1)的系统)上纯化。产物6的产量为2.7g(75%)。该产物为无色晶体形式,在氯仿-甲醇(4∶1)的系统中Rf=0.2。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为1.9分钟,[M+H]+=227(条件D)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为13.6分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.78(五重峰,2H,CH2CH2 CH2,J=6.9Hz);2.25(t,2H,CH2COOH,J=7.1Hz);2.58(t,2H,CH 2CO,J=7.5Hz);2.74(t,2H,CH 2C,J=7.5Hz);4.01(t,2H,CH 2O,J=6.5Hz);6.74(s,1H,CCH);7.50(s,1H,NCHN)。
14.通过化合物188的合成举例说明焦谷氨酸酰胺的合成
将在10mL甲醇中的新鲜蒸馏的(或新鲜获得的)胺1(3g,0.0168mol)和焦谷氨酸2(2.4g,0.0168mol)的溶液陈化1周,用10mL的醚稀释,并将沉淀滤出。将产物用补充了10%甲醇的干的醚洗涤。产量为4g(82.2%)。LC/MS,单峰,其保留时间为3.6分钟,[M+H]+=290(条件D)。在条件1下的HPLC,单峰,其保留时间为10.6分钟。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.85-2.23(m,4H,CH 2CH2 CH),3.26(m,2H,CCH2 CH2N);3.55(m,2H,CCH 2 CH 2N);3.95(m,1H,CH2CH2CH);7.41(t,2H,苯并噻唑,J=7.6Hz),7.49(t,2H,苯并噻唑,J=7.6Hz),7.77(s,1H,NH),7.95(d,2H,苯并噻唑,J=8.0Hz),8.06(d,2H,苯并噻唑,J=8.1Hz);8.19(t,1H,NH,J=5.7Hz)。
15.通过化合物141的合成举例说明C1-C6烷基酰胺的合成
将在400mL亚甲基氯中的组胺(12g,0.108mol)、丙酮(6.27g,0.108mol)、乙酸(9.7g,0.162mol)和三乙酰氧基硼氢化物(22.9g,0.108mol)的充分搅拌的混合物在30-35℃下陈化3天。向其添加100mL的20%NaOH。分离层,并用补充了异丙醇(5*50)的亚甲基氯提取。将溶液通过吸湿性棉绒过滤。在真空下移除溶剂。化合物3的产量为2.2g(13.3%),将其未经额外纯化地另外使用。
将戊二酸酐(46g,0.053mol)在搅拌和冷却下添加至异丙醇(20mL)中的化合物3(2.2g,0.014mol)的溶液。添加后,将反应混合物陈化12小时。在真空下移除溶剂。将残留物通过色谱法在高度为30cm且直径为5cm的柱中的硅胶上纯化。洗脱液为氯仿-甲醇(5∶1)。产量为1.5g(39.1%)。[M+H]+=268.17。1H NMR(400.13MHz,DMSO-d6,δ,m.d.,J/Hz):1.12(s,6H,CH 3);1.75(五重峰,2H,CCH2CH 2CH2C,J=7.0Hz);2.17(t,2H,CCH 2CH2CH2C,J=7.0Hz);2.39(t,2H,CCH2CH2CH2C,J=7.1Hz);2.90(t,2H,CCH 2CH2NC,J=7.0Hz);3.37(s,1H,OH);3.60(s,1H,CCH2CH2NCH);3.69(t,2H,CCH2CH 2NC,J=7.0Hz);6.90(s,1H,NCHC);7.49(s,1H,NCHNH);8.24(s,1H,NH)。
在表2中给出的下列化合物(不限制于所列举的化合物)为根据所公开的方法制备。
表2
生物学活性的检测
以下为支持式I化合物在预防和治疗根据本发明的疾病中的效果之实验实施例的详细描述,其中所公开的实施例不意在限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
在体外式I的化合物针对柯萨奇病毒的抗病毒活性
在该研究中使用了胰蛋白酶依赖性毒株HCXV A2,其经预先适应并引起受到柯萨奇病毒感染的小鼠的死亡。
该实验在重量为6至7g的小白鼠中进行。以0.1mL/小鼠的剂量经肌内对动物进行感染。所使用的导致小鼠死亡率的感染剂量为10LD50。
通过在实验组中的HCXV A2病毒感染小鼠相对于未处理动物的组的死亡率确定化合物提供医疗作用的能力。
所研究的化合物和安慰剂为根据治疗方案经口施用。对小鼠施用生理盐水溶液以作为安慰剂。将未处理的动物作为阴性对照并在与实验动物相同的条件下保留于分隔的房间中。
对于该实验,以每组14-15只动物形成组。以30mg/kg体重的剂量施用化合物。所研究的化合物经口每天施用一次,持续7天(第一次施用在感染后24小时进行)。对动物监测15天,期间每天对动物称重并记录死亡率。
通式I的化合物通过减少动物的死亡率并提升其平均寿命期望而表现出针对柯萨奇病毒感染的实验模型的保护性作用。对于一些特定的通式I的化合物的数据(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)示于表3中。
公开于该实施例中的所研究化合物的抗病毒活性表明这些化合物可用作柯萨奇肠道病毒感染中的有效药物。
表3
在鼠模型中通式I的化合物针对柯萨奇A2病毒感染的功效
实施例2
通式I的化合物针对小鼠适应RS病毒的抗病毒活性
化学化合物在体外实验鼠模型中针对RSV的抗病毒有效性为针对人病毒hRSV确定,其先前经适应以在小鼠肺中生长。小鼠在用0.05mL/小鼠的体积的醚短暂麻醉后,以0.5logTCID50的剂量经鼻内感染该病毒。将所研究的化合物根据治疗方案以30mg/kg的剂量,经5天每天一次经口施用。第一次施用在感染后24小时进行。对小鼠施用生理盐水溶液以作为安慰剂。将未处理的动物作为阴性对照并在与实验动物相同的条件下保留于分隔的房间中。每个实验组包含12只动物。将利巴韦林以40mg/kg的剂量用作参照药物。
所研究化合物的抗病毒活性通过其对重量减轻的预防和对小鼠肺中hRSV繁殖的抑制的功效确定,通过测量实验组相对于对照在感染后5天和7天的病毒滴度确定。
对于通式I的一些特定化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)测量动物体重的结果示于表4中。在病毒对照组中,小鼠表现出相对于未处理动物的统计学显著的体重降低。相比于对照动物,通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性在体重增加中是明显的。
表4
用hRSV感染后5天和7天的小鼠平均体重
#-相对于对照动物的统计学显著差异(t-准则,p<0.05)。
另外,通式I的化合物的治疗作用通过其在感染后5天和7天在小鼠肺中对hRSV繁殖的抑制能力确定。通过在Hep-2细胞培养物中的10%肺混悬液的滴定确定病毒滴度。在通过TCID在37℃下孵育后2天记录该结果。在施用所研究的化合物和参照药物后,Hep-2细胞培养物中小鼠肺混悬液中的hRSV感染活性的测定结果在表5中给出。通式I的化合物对动物的施用导致hRSV感染活性的降低。
通式I的化合物在hRSV感染的鼠模型中的抗病毒活性研究表明,所要求保护的化合物阻止了体重降低并减少了病毒在动物肺中的繁殖。
表5
抑制在小鼠肺中的hRSV繁殖
实施例3
通式I的化合物在免疫系统受抑制的鼠模型中针对RS病毒的抗病毒活性
化合物针对人呼吸道合胞病毒(毒株A2,感染滴度为5×106TCID50/mL)的抗病毒活性在病毒性肺炎的Balb/c鼠模型中评估。在短暂的醚麻醉下将病毒以50μL的体积经鼻内接种至动物。通过在感染前5天腹膜内施用100mg/kg剂量的环磷酰胺抑制动物对RS病毒的免疫应答。在感染后24小时开始,将所研究的化合物根据治疗方案以30mg/kg的剂量每天施用一次,持续5天。通过在感染后5天用呼吸道合胞病毒感染的肺水肿相对于对照的减少确定化合物的活性。
示于表6中的对于一些特定通式I的化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)的结果表明,该病毒对动物的感染导致严重的肺水肿形成(从可能的4,评分为3.15-2.05)。所研究的通式I的化合物提供了对肺组织结构的正常化作用。
表6
感染后5天的Balb/c小鼠中RS病毒肺炎的肺水肿程度(M±SD,n=5)
根据t-准则(p<0.05),*标记的值与对照值有差异。
实施例4
通式I的化合物针对鼻病毒的抗病毒活性
在该研究中,使用了作者的hRV毒株。在短暂的醚麻醉下以0.05ml/小鼠的体积用该病毒感染动物。
为了确定化合物在体外实验模型中针对hRV的功效,之前在小鼠中滴定了病毒,之后将小鼠感染,并经口施用所研究的化合物。在感染后第4天通过Hela细胞培养物中的肺混悬液的滴定评估感染滴度。hRV病毒在实验组的肺中的感染滴度通过TCID与对照组相比较地确定。
在感染后12小时开始,将所研究的化合物和安慰剂(生理溶液)每天一次地经口施用于小鼠,持续4天。将化合物以30mg/kg动物体重的剂量施用。将未处理的动物作为阴性对照并在与实验动物相同的条件下留于分隔的房间中。
在感染后第4天通过在Hela细胞培养物中测定的病毒感染活性的降低确定所研究化合物的抗病毒活性。
在病毒对照组中,感染过程的发展与动物体重的降低相关,其中在3天和4天用所研究的通式I的化合物处理的小鼠的体重比对照动物的重量更高。
对肺重量的研究表明,在实验期间感染的小鼠的肺重量超过未处理小鼠的肺部重量,其指示了感染的过程。暴露于所研究的通式I的化合物作用的动物肺的重量显著不同于(低于)在病毒对照组中的重量并且几乎与未处理动物的肺重量相同。
一些特定的通式I的化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)施用后,在Hela细胞培养物中小鼠肺混悬液中的hRV感染活性的测定结果示于表7中。
表7
在小鼠肺中HRV繁殖的抑制
用通式I的化合物的处理导致hRV感染活性的降低。
在hRV-感染的鼠模型中通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性的研究表明,所要求保护的化合物阻止了重量减少和肺重量的增加至在未处理动物组中观测到的值,并减少了在动物肺中的病毒的繁殖。
实施例5
通式I的化合物针对副流感病毒的抗病毒活性
在该研究中,使用了副流感病毒的仙台毒株。在短暂的醚麻醉下用适应小鼠肺的副流感病毒仙台毒株,以0.05ml/小鼠的体积经鼻内感染重量为10-12g的远交小白鼠。引起小鼠70-80%死亡率的该病毒感染剂量为10LD50。用于该实验中的每个组包含20只动物。将未处理的动物作为对照并在与实验动物相同的条件下保留于分隔的房间中。通过在用病毒感染动物后24、48、72、96和120小时,对感染的小鼠以30mg/kg/小鼠的剂量每天一次经口施用化合物而研究通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性。在相同的条件下向对照组的小鼠施用安慰剂(0.2mL的生理溶液)。通过记录在组中小鼠的死亡对动物进行监测,持续感染后14天。
对每只动物进行每天一次的观察。该观察包括动物的一般行为和身体状况的评估。在施用制剂的日子中,在施用制剂之前的特定时间和施用之后约2小时进行观察。根据国际标准处理动物。
通过比较施用了制剂和安慰剂的动物组中的死亡率评估化合物的活性。
施用了通式I的化合物的动物组的死亡率降低了30-60%。对于一些特定的通式I的化合物的数据(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)示于表8中。
表8
动物的实验组中的死亡率
实施例6
在实验性腺病毒模型中通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性
在研究中,使用了人腺病毒5型。为了进行腺病毒感染,使用了新生的叙利亚仓鼠,其中病毒引起具有对肝、肺和心脏损伤的传播性病毒感染,将其用于重现病毒感染。在出生后48小时研究动物。每组包含5只仓鼠。将病毒以0.1mL的体积,以105TCID50的剂量皮下接种。在感染后12、36和60小时,用通式I的化合物以30mg/kg体重的剂量经口进行处理。对安慰剂组的动物施用磷酸盐缓冲盐水。将未处理的动物作为对照并在与实验动物相同的条件下保留于分隔的房间中。在感染后72小时,将各组的动物安乐死、解剖并分离肝。通过电子显微术观察对肝脏中腺病毒感染的形态发生之超微结构特征的作用评估治疗效果。
结果表明,用通式I的化合物的处理降低了肝中的破坏性过程和炎性反应的强度,在组织和肝细胞两者的水平上使其结构正常化。对于一些特定的通式I的化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)之损伤的整体估计结果示于表9中。
表9
评估肝中的破坏性过程强度
实施例7
在实验性疱疹性脑膜脑类的鼠模型中通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性
在该研究中,使用了属于抗原2型的单纯疱疹病毒。将重量为7-8g的远交小白鼠以包含10LD50剂量的0.05ml/小鼠的体积进行i/c(脑内)感染。在小鼠中引起100%死亡率的病毒的感染剂量为10LD50。每个实验组包含20只小鼠。将未处理的动物作为对照并在与实验动物相同的条件下保留于分隔的房间中。通过在用病毒感染动物后24、48、72、96和120小时,对感染的小鼠以30mg/kg/小鼠的剂量每天一次经口施用化合物而研究通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性。在相同的条件下向对照组的小鼠施用安慰剂(0.2mL的生理溶液)。通过记录在组中的小鼠的死亡对动物进行监测,持续感染后14天。
对每只动物进行每天一次的观察。该观察包括动物的一般行为和身体状况的评估。根据国际标准操作动物。
通过比较施用了制剂和安慰剂的动物组中的死亡率评估化合物的活性。
施用了通式I的化合物的动物组的死亡率减少了25-50%。对于一些特定的通式I的化合物的数据(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)示于表10中。
表10
动物实验组中的死亡率
实施例8
在冠状病毒感染的小鼠模型中通式I的化合物的抗病毒活性
在该研究中,使用了作者的毒株HCoV,鉴定其为与原型毒株OC-43抗原性相似的组2病毒。在C57BL/6小鼠中通过比较在感染后14天经处理的和对照的小鼠的死亡率研究化合物的功效。每个实验组包含20只小鼠。在短暂的醚麻醉下以0.03ml/小鼠的体积经鼻内感染动物。
将所研究的化合物以30mg/kg体重的剂量经口施用于动物。向对照组的动物施用生理溶液。将制剂每天一次地进行施用,持续5天。对动物的处理在感染后24小时开始。
施用了通式I的化合物的动物组的死亡率减少了30-50%。对于一些特定的通式I的化合物的数据(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)示于表11中。
表11
动物实验组中的死亡率
实施例9
在鼻咽炎的大鼠模型中评估化合物的功效
通过对大鼠的每个鼻道经鼻内施用福尔马林以诱发鼻咽炎。
对大鼠的鼻道施用福尔马林导致炎症向相邻组织的传播,从而产生与人中的鼻咽炎症状相似的临床模式。
在环境适应阶段后,形成以下的组:
-未处理的动物,对其胃内施用0.2mL量的生理溶液,不诱发鼻咽炎;
-对照组,由诱发鼻咽炎后胃内施用0.2ml量的生理溶液3天的动物组成;以及
-诱发鼻咽炎后以18mg/kg的剂量施用所研究的化合物3天的动物。
每天至少两次地每天进行每只动物的临床观察。
在通过对鼻道施用福尔马林的Wistar大鼠鼻咽炎的诱发实验中,在对照组动物中观测到病理变化,其特征为在上呼吸道中急性炎症过程的发展。所引起的病理学特征为增生、杯状细胞数目增加、单核细胞和白细胞的明显浸润,以及由粘膜下腺体的黏液过度产生。
在安乐死后,研究每组动物中的鼻道和咽喉中的炎症模式。将鼻道用5mL的生理溶液洗涤并计数1μL中的细胞要素的评分。
表12
鼻道黏膜中宏观特征的变化
组 | n | 无变化 | 从鼻道排出黏液 |
未处理 | 20 | 20 | 0 |
对照 | 20 | 0 | 20 |
化合物2 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
化合物6 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
化合物34 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
化合物115 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
化合物118 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
化合物141 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
化合物197 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
化合物198 | 10 | 7 | 3 |
化合物251 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
化合物275 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
化合物92 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
化合物149 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
化合物193 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
化合物341 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
化合物5 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
化合物7 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
化合物15 | 10 | 7 | 3 |
化合物52 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
化合物68 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
化合物100 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
化合物131 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
化合物44 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
化合物104 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
化合物124 | 10 | 7 | 3 |
化合物126 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
n-动物数量
从表12中可见,通式I的化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)表现出抗炎活性并且在鼻咽炎模型中是治疗有效的。所研究的化合物的药物作用表现于炎性细胞流动和黏液过度产生的减少。多数通式I的化合物使鼻腔灌洗液中的细胞要素的数量相对于对照减少了40-58%。
实施例10
评估在葡萄球菌肺炎的鼠模型中化合物的功效
在用金黄色葡萄球菌(小鼠适应菌株)感染的远交小鼠(雌性)中评估化合物的功效。在感染前5天开始施用化合物,经口以15和30mg/kg的剂量以0.2mL的体积施用。在第5天,在短暂的醚麻醉下通过以109CFU的剂量以0.05mL的体积施用金黄色葡萄球菌经鼻内感染小鼠。感染后1小时,以上述指定的剂量对小鼠继续施用额外2天的化合物。参照药物为以20mg/kg的单剂量静脉内施用的氨苄青霉素。对照为用金黄色葡萄球菌经鼻内感染并用PBS处理的小鼠。2天后将小鼠处死,将胸腔解剖,并在具有Columbia琼脂的皮氏培养皿中进行肺印记。在30℃下孵育24小时后,与对照相比,确定金黄色葡萄球菌细菌生长的存在(或不存在)。将细菌生长的强度以评分估计并表示为%。其结果在表13中给出。
如从表13中可见,通式I的化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)表现出抗细菌活性并在肺炎模型中有效。
表13
在葡萄球菌肺炎的鼠模型中通式I的化合物的功效
0-无生长
25-零星的菌落(多至10个)
50-零星的菌落(多至100个)
75-多个菌落(多于100个)
100-汇合生长
实施例11
评估支气管周炎的大鼠模型中通式I的化合物的功效
将Sephadex G-200通过以5mg/kg的剂量单次吸入向Wistar雄性大鼠施用。将所研究的化合物经胃内向动物施用4次:在施用Sephadex之前24和1小时以及施用Sephadex之后24和45小时。在吸入Sephadex后48小时实施安乐死,并取肺用于组织学分析。将4-μm-厚的切片用苏木精和伊红染色。通过5点标尺对肺中的炎性变化进行评估,其中:
1意指占据0-20%的所研究组织学制备物的面积的炎性浸润;
2意指占据21-40%的所研究组织学制备物的面积的炎性浸润;
3意指占据41-60%的所研究组织学制备物的面积的炎性浸润;
4意指占据61-80%的所研究组织学制备物的面积的炎性浸润;以及
5意指占据81-100%的所研究组织学制备物的面积的炎性浸润;
组中的大鼠数量从7至10只动物变动。
肺的组织学分析表明Sephadex的单次吸入在大鼠中引起明显的炎性浸润细胞(优选淋巴细胞)向细支气管区域的流动(支气管周炎)(表14)。
化合物对大鼠的胃内施用减少了支气管周炎的症状。所有研究的通式I的化合物(无任何对所列举化合物的限制)表现出在所检测的剂量中的活性。
表14
支气管周炎的大鼠模型中肺的组织学分析
实施例12
根据本发明化合物的剂型
根据本发明的化合物可以以包含无毒可药用载体的单位剂型经口、鼻内、肌内或静脉内施用。
化合物可向患者以0.1至10mg/kg体重的日剂量,优选以0.5至5mg/kg的剂量,一天一次或更多次地施用。
然而,应当注意的是,对于特定患者的特定剂量取决于许多因素,如患者的年龄、体重、性别、一般健康状况、饮食模式、药物施用的时间表与途径、药物从身体排出的速率、以及所治疗患者的疾病严重程度。
药物组合物包含用于获得阳性结果的有效量的根据本发明的化合物,并且可以以标准剂型(例如,以固体、半固体或液体形式)施用,其包含与载体或赋形剂形成的混合物中作为活性剂的化合物,适用于经口、肌内或静脉内施用。活性成分可在与传统的无毒可药用载体形成的组合物中,适用于制造溶液、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、包衣丸剂和其他剂型。
多种化合物可用作赋形剂,如糖类,例如葡萄糖、乳糖或蔗糖;甘露醇或山梨醇;纤维素衍生物;和/或磷酸钙,例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙。适用作粘合剂的化合物,包括淀粉糊(例如,玉米、小麦、水稻或马铃薯淀粉)、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。任选地使用的崩解剂包括上述的淀粉和羧甲基淀粉、交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂-琼脂、藻酸和其盐如藻酸钠。
任选的添加剂包括,例如,流动性控制剂和润滑剂,如二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸和其盐如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙,和/或丙二醇。
稳定剂、增稠剂、着色剂和芳香剂也可用作添加剂。
在标准剂型中,与载体组合使用的活性剂的量可根据接受治疗的患者并根据治疗剂的施用途径而变化。
例如,当化合物以溶液的形式用于注射时,该溶液中活性剂的量为0.01至5wt.%。稀释剂可选自0.9%的氯化钠溶液、蒸馏水、用于注射的奴佛卡因溶液、林格氏溶液、葡萄糖溶液,其包含特定的增溶助剂。当化合物以片剂的形式施用时,其量为每单位剂型5.0至500mg。
通过标准方法例如掺和、造粒、包衣丸剂成型、溶解和冷冻干燥的过程制备根据本发明化合物的剂型。
片剂形式
通过使用以下成分制备片剂形式:
将组分混合并压制以形成片剂。
栓剂
栓剂制剂的实施例
根据本发明的化合物或其可药用盐 | 1-100mg |
可可油 | 以栓剂所需的量 |
如有必要,可以用对应的赋形剂制备直肠、阴道和尿道栓剂。
用于注射的溶液
用于注射的溶液制剂的实施例:
根据本发明的化合物或其可药用盐 | 1-50mg |
用于注射的水 | 2mL |
剂型的制备
通过标准方法,例如混合、造粒、包衣丸剂成型、溶解和冷冻干燥的过程制备根据本发明化合物的剂型。
片剂形式
通过使用以下成分制备片剂形式:
通式I的化合物或其可药用盐 | 100mg |
马铃薯淀粉 | 20-50mg |
硬脂酸镁 | 3mg |
气相二氧化硅 | 1mg |
乳糖 | 至300mg |
将成分混合并压制以形成重量为300mg的片剂。
凝胶胶囊
将这些成分混合并造粒,且将所得的颗粒以220mg的量装入固体凝胶胶囊中。
栓剂
栓剂制剂的实施例
通式I的化合物或其可药用盐 | 10-100mg |
可可油 | 以栓剂所需的量 |
如有必要,可以用对应的赋形剂制备直肠、阴道和尿道栓剂。
用干注射的溶液
用于注射的溶液制剂的实施例:
通式I的化合物或其可药用盐 | 10-100mg |
用于注射的水 | 2mL |
用于注射的溶液中的溶剂可为0.9%的氯化钠溶液、蒸馏水、或奴佛卡因溶液。药物形式为安瓿、瓶、注射器管和“插入物”。
用干注射的溶液的制剂1
通式I的化合物或其盐 | 10-100mg |
用于注射的水 | 5mL |
用于注射的溶液中的溶剂可为0.9%的氯化钠溶液或等渗磷酸盐缓冲液。药物的形式为安瓿、瓶、注射器管和“插入物”。
用于注射的制剂可制备为多种剂量单位,如无菌溶液、无菌粉末和片剂。
Claims (8)
2.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述疾病为由单纯疱疹病毒1型或2型引起的疾病。
3.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述疾病为由呼吸道合胞病毒引起的病毒性肺炎。
7.权利要求6所述的用途,其中所述并发症为鼻咽炎或细支气管炎。
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