CN1092064A - 三取代的苯基衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

三取代的苯基衍生物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1092064A
CN1092064A CN93112879A CN93112879A CN1092064A CN 1092064 A CN1092064 A CN 1092064A CN 93112879 A CN93112879 A CN 93112879A CN 93112879 A CN93112879 A CN 93112879A CN 1092064 A CN1092064 A CN 1092064A
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phenyl
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CN1054603C (zh
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格雷厄姆·约翰·沃尔洛
赖基·彼得·亚历山大
尤恩·坎贝尔·博伊德
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CELTIC
UCB Celltech Ltd
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Abstract

本发明描述了通式(I)化合物及其盐,溶剂化物, 水合物和N-氧化物。

Description

本发明涉及一系列新的三取代的苯基衍生物、制备它们的方法、含有它们的药物组合物以及它们在药物中的应用。
许多激素和神经传递质通过提高3′,5′-环-磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的细胞内水平调节细胞组织功能。cAMP的细胞水平由控制其合成和断裂的机理来调节。cAMP的合成受到腺苷酰基环化酶的控制,该环化酶可直接被如二萜衍生物的试剂活化,或者可通过将特异性激动剂(agonists)结合到细胞表面受体上而被间接活化,细胞表面受体与腺苷酰基环化酶偶联。cAMP的断裂受一族磷酸二酯酶(PDE)同工酶的控制,其也控制3′,5′-环一磷酸乌苷(cGMP)的断裂。到目前为止,已公开了该族的7个成员(PDEⅠ-Ⅶ),其分布因细胞组织而异。其建议PDE同工酶的特异性抑制剂能够使cAMP在不同的细胞组织内达到局部的提高[关于PDE的分布、结构、功能和调整参见Beavo  &  Reifsnyder(1990)TIPS,11:150-155和Nicholson等(1991)TIPS,12:19-27]。
有证据清楚地说明炎性白细胞中cAMP的提高抑制了它们的活化作用。此外,导气管平滑肌内cAMP的提高具有解痉作用。在这些组织中,PDEⅣ在cAMP的水解过程中起了主要作用。因此,可以预期选择性的PDEⅣ抑制剂会对炎性疾病如哮喘具有治疗作用,达到抗炎和抗支气管扩张药的效果。
到目前为止,PDEⅣ抑制剂的研究已取得了有限的成功,其中已被合成的多种潜在PDEⅣ抑制剂缺少效力和/或能以非选择性方式抑制多于一种的PDE同工酶。选择性作用的缺乏是体内cAMP的广泛分布作用带来的特殊问题,所需要的是对PDEⅣ具有抑制作用而对其它的PDE同工酶具有小的或没有作用的高效选择性PDEⅣ抑制剂。
现在我们发现了一系列新的三取代苯基衍生物,其成员较之已知结构的类似化合物在它们对其它的PDE同工酶具有小的或没有抑制作用这样的浓度下是高效的PDEⅣ抑制剂,这些化合物抑制离析的PDEⅣ酶,也提高离析的白细胞中的cAMP。某些化合物可防止角叉藻聚糖,血小板活化因子(PAF),白细胞介素-5(IL-5)或抗原攻击而引起的肺部炎症。这些化合物还抑制从发炎肺中观察到的导气管平滑肌的过强应答性。有利的是,根据本发明的化合物,其具有良好的口服活性,在口服的有效剂量下显示了小的或没有与已知PDEⅣ抑制剂如环戊苯吡酮相关的副作用。因此,本发明化合物可用于医药,尤其用于对哮喘的预防和治疗。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了式(1)化合物;及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物:
其中:
Y是卤素原子或基团-OR1,其中的R1是取代或未取代的烷基;
X是-O-,-S-或-N(R8)-,其中的R8是氢原子或烷基;
R2是取代或未取代的烷基、环烷基或环链烯基;
R3是氢原子或-OR9基团,其中的R9是氢原子或取代或未取代的烷基,烷氧基烷基,甲酰基,链烷酰基,羧氨基,或硫代羧氨基;
R4和R5,它们可以相同或不同,各自为基团-(CH2nAr,其中Ar是不含或含有一个或多个选自氧、硫或氮的杂原子的单环或二环芳基,n是0或整数1或2;
R6是氢原子或烷基;
R7是氢原子或烷基;
式(1)化合物可具有一个或多个手性中心,这取决于基团R3,R4,R5,R6和R7的性质。当存在一个或多个手性中心时,可以有对映体或非对映体,应理解本发明包括所有这样的对映体,非对映体及其混合物,包括外消旋体。
在式(1)化合物中,当Y是卤素原子时,它可以是例如氟、氯、溴或碘原子。
当式(1)化合物中的Y是基团-OR1时,R1可以是,例如,取代或未取代的直链或支链的烷基,例如,取代或未取代的C1-6烷基,如甲基,乙基,正丙基或异丙基。可以存在于R1基团上的任意取代基包括一个或多个卤素原子,如氟或氯原子。特殊的取代的烷基包括,例如-CH2F,-CH2Cl,-CHF2,-CHCl2,-CF3或-CCl3基团。
式(1)化合物中用R2,R6或R7表示的烷基包括取代或未取代的直链或支链的C1-6烷基,例如C1-3烷基,如甲基或乙基。这些基团上的任意取代基包括一个、两个或三个选自下列的取代基:卤素原子,如氟、氯、溴、碘原子,或羟基,或C1-6烷氧基,例如C1-3烷氧基,如甲氧基或乙氧基。
当式(1)化合物中的R2是取代或未取代的环烷基或环链烯基时,它可以是,例如C3-8环烷基,如环丁基、环戊基或环己基,或含有例如一个或两个双键的C3-8环链烯基,如2-环丁烯-1-基,2-环戊烯-1-基,3-环戊烯-1-基,2,4-环戊二烯-1-基,2-环己烯-1-基,3-环己烯-1-基,2,4-环己二烯-1-基或3、5-环己二烯-1-基,每个环烷基或环链烯基被一个、两个或三个选自下列的取代基取代或未被取代:卤素原子,如氟、氯、溴或碘原子,直链或支链的C1-6烷基,例如C1-3烷基,如甲基或乙基,羟基或C1-6烷氧基,例如C1-3烷氧基,如甲氧基或乙氧基。
式(1)化合物中用R8表示的烷基包括直链或支链的C1-6烷基,例如C1-3烷基,如甲基或乙基。
当式(1)化合物中的基团R3是-OR9基团时,它可以是例如羟基;或基团-OR9,其中的R9是取代或未取代的直链或支链的C1-6烷基,例如C1-3烷基,如甲基或乙基,C1-3烷氧基C1-3烷基,如甲氧基甲基,乙氧基甲基或乙氧基乙基,甲酰基[HC(O)-],或C1-6链烷酰基,例如C1-3链烷酰基,如乙酰基,或羧氨基(CONR11R12)或硫代羧氨基(CSNR11R12),其中每种情况下的R11和R12可以相同或不同,各自是氢原子或取代或未取代的直链或支链的C1-6烷基,例如C1-3烷基,如甲基或乙基。可以存在于该R9基团上的任意取代基包括上述那些关于基团R2,R6和R7的基团。
式(1)化合物中的基团R4和R5各自可以是基团-Ar,-CH2Ar或-(CH22Ar。
式(1)化合物中用基团Ar表示的单环或二环芳基包括,例如取代或未取代的C6-12芳基,例如取代或未取代的苯基,1-或2-萘基,茚基或异茚基。
当单环或二环芳基Ar含有一个或多个杂原子时,它可以是,例如含有例如一个、两个、三个或四个选自氧、硫或氮原子的杂原子的C1-9取代或未取代的杂芳基。一般,Ar杂芳基可以是,例如单环或二环杂芳基。单环杂芳基包括,例如含有一个、两个、三个或四个选自氧、硫或氮原子的杂原子的5-或6-元杂芳基。
用Ar表示的杂芳基的例子包括吡咯基,呋喃基,噻吩基,咪唑基,N-甲基咪唑基,N-乙基咪唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,吡唑基,1,2,3-三唑基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,2,3-噁二唑基,1,2,4-噁二唑基,1,2,5-噁二唑基,1,3,4-噁二唑基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,1,3,5-三嗪基,1,2,4-三嗪基,1,2,3-三嗪基,苯并呋喃基,异苯并呋喃基,苯并噻吩基,异苯并噻吩基,吲哚基,异吲哚基,苯并咪唑基,苯并噻唑基,苯并噁唑基,喹唑啉基,1,5-二氮杂萘基,吡啶并[3,4-b]吡啶基,吡啶并[3,2-b]吡啶基,吡啶并[4,3-b]吡啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,四唑基,5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉基和5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉基。
用Ar表示的杂芳基可通过任一合适的环碳或杂原子连接到式(1)分子的其余部分上。例如,当基团Ar是吡啶基时,它可以是2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基。
式(1)化合物中用Ar表示的芳基或杂芳基各自可以是未取代的或可被一个、两个、三个或多个选自下列的取代基[R10]取代:卤素原子,例如氟、氯、溴或碘原子,或C1-6烷基,例如甲基或乙基,C1-6烷基氨基,例如甲基氨基或乙基氨基,C1-6羟基烷基,例如羟基甲基或羟基乙基,C1-6烷基硫醇,例如甲基硫醇或乙基硫醇,C1-6烷氧基,例如甲氧基或乙氧基,C2-6亚烷基二氧基,例如亚乙二氧基,C5-7环烷氧基,例如环戊氧基,卤代C1-6烷基,例如三氟甲基,C1-6烷基氨基,例如甲基氨基或乙基氨基,氨基(-NH2),氨基C1-6烷基,例如氨基甲基或氨基乙基,C1-6二烷基氨基,例如二甲基氨基或二乙基氨基,硝基,氰基,羟基(-OH),甲酰基[HC(O)-],羧基(-CO2H),-CO2R13[其中的R13是C1-6烷基,例如甲基或乙基,C6-12芳基C1-3烷基,例如苄基或苯乙基,或C6-12芳基,例如苯基],C1-6链烷酰基,例如乙酰基,巯基(-SH),硫代C1-6烷基(thio C1-6alkyl),例如硫代甲基或硫代乙基,磺酰基(-SO3H),C1-6烷基磺酰基,例如甲基磺酰基,氨基磺酰基(-SO2NH2),C1-6烷基氨基磺酰基,例如甲基氨基磺酰基或乙基氨基磺酰基,C1-6二烷基氨基磺酰基,例如二甲基氨基磺酰基或二乙基氨基磺酰基,羧氨基(-CONH2),C1-6烷基氨基羰基,例如甲基氨基羰基或乙基氨基羰基,C1-6二烷基氨基羰基,例如二甲基氨基羰基或二乙基氨基羰基,磺酰基氨基(-NHSO2H),C1-6烷基磺酰基氨基,例如甲基磺酰氧基氨基或乙基磺酰基氨基,C1-6二烷基磺酰基氨基,例如二甲基磺酰基氨基或二乙基磺酰基氨基,氨基磺酰基氨基(-NHSO2NH2),C1-6烷基氨基磺酰基氨基,例如甲基氨基磺酰基氨基或乙基氨基磺酰基氨基,C1-6二烷基氨基磺酰基氨基,例如二甲基氨基磺酰基氨基或二乙基氨基磺酰基氨基,C1-6链烷酰基氨基,例如乙酰基氨基,C1-6链烷酰基氨基C1-6烷基,例如乙酰基氨基甲基或C1-6烷氧基羰基氨基,例如甲氧基羰基氨基,乙氧基羰基氨基或叔丁氧基羰基氨基。
当存在两个或多个R10取代基时,它们未必是相同的原子和/或基团。R10取代基可存在于任何远离连接式(1)分子其余部分的原子的环碳原子上。例如,在用Ar表示的苯基中,任何取代基可存在于相对于连接分子余下部分的环碳原子的2-,3-,4-,5-或6-位上。
式(1)化合物中存在某些取代基能够形成化合物的盐,合适的盐包括药学上可接受的盐,例如由无机或有机酸衍生的酸加成盐,和由无机和有机碱衍生的盐。
酸加成盐包括氢氯化物,氢溴化物,氢碘化物,烷基磺酸盐,例如甲磺酸盐,乙磺酸盐,或羟乙基磺酸盐,芳基磺酸盐,例如对甲苯磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐或奈磺酸盐(napsylates),磷酸盐,硫酸盐,乙酸盐,三氟乙酸盐,丙酸盐,柠檬酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,丙二酸盐,琥珀酸盐,乳酸盐,草酸盐,酒石酸盐和苯甲酸盐。
由无机或有机碱衍生的盐包括碱金属盐,如钠或钾盐,碱土金属盐,如镁或钙盐,和有机胺盐,如吗啉,哌啶,二甲基胺或二乙基胺盐。
根据本发明的化合物的特别有用的盐包括药学上可接受的盐,尤其是酸加成盐。
式(1)化合物中,基团Y优选是-OR1基团,尤其是其中的R1是取代或未取代的乙基,或取代或未取代的甲基。可存在于R1基团上的特别有用的取代基包括一个、二个或三个氟或氯原子。
式(1)化合物中的基团X优选是-O-。
一组特别有用的式(1)化合物及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物具有式(2)结构:
其中R2是取代或未取代的环烷基;R3,R4,R5,R6和R7定义如式(1)。
式(1)或(2)的化合物中,R2优选是取代或未取代的环戊基,特别是R2为环戊基。
式(1)或(2)的化合物中的基团R3优选是氢原子。
式(1)或(2)的化合物中,基团R6优选是氢原子。
式(1)或(2)的化合物中的基团R7优选是氢原子。
式(1)或(2)的化合物中的基团R4和R5各自优选是-CH2Ar,或者尤其是-Ar基团。
式(1)或(2)化合物中的特别有用的R4或R5基团包括其中的Ar是不含或含有一个或多个选自氧、硫、或尤其是氮原子的杂原子,并且被一个、二个、三个或多个R10取代基取代或未被取代的单环芳基的R4或R5基团。在这些化合物中,当用Ar表示的基团是杂芳基时,它优选是含氮的单环杂芳基,尤其是六元含氮的杂芳基。因此,在一个优选的实施例中,基团R4和R5各自可为六元含氮杂芳基。在另一个优选的实施例中,R4可以是单环芳基,R5可以是六元含氮杂芳基。在这些实施例中,六元含氮杂芳基可以是取代或未取代的吡啶基,哒嗪基,嘧啶基或吡嗪基。具体的例子包括取代或未取代的2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基,或尤其是4-吡啶基,3-哒嗪基,4-哒嗪基,5-哒嗪基,2-嘧啶基,4-嘧啶基,5-嘧啶基,2-吡嗪基或3-吡嗪基。单环芳基可以是苯基或取代的苯基。
一组特别有用的式(1)或(2)化合物为其中的R4和R5各自是吡啶基或取代的吡啶基,或R4是苯基或取代的苯基,R5是吡啶基或取代的吡啶基的化合物。
在这个特殊的一组化合物中,以及一般在式(1)或(2)的化合物中,当R4和/或R5是取代的苯基时,它可以是,例如单、二或三取代的苯基,其中的取代基是如上文所定义的原子或基团R10。当R4和/或R5基团是单取代的苯基时,该取代基可位于相对于连接分子其余部分的环碳原子的2-,或优选3-,或尤其4-位上。
当式(1)或(2)化合物中的R4和/或R5是取代的吡啶基时,它可以是,例如,-或二取代的吡啶基,例如-或二取代的2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基或尤其是4-吡啶基,其被一个或两个如上文所定义的原子或基团R10取代,特别是一个或两个卤素原子如氟或氯原子,或甲基,甲氧基,羟基或硝基。
本发明的一组特别有用的化合物及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物具有式(2)结构,其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子,R2,R4和R5定义如式(1)。该类型的化合物,其中R2是环烷基或取代的环烷基,尤其是取代的环戊基,或更优选的环戊基是特别有用的。在这组化合物中,R4优选是单环芳基,特别是苯基或取代的苯基,或R4是六元含氮单环杂芳基,特别是吡啶基或取代的吡啶基,R5是六元含氮的单环杂芳基,尤其是吡啶基或取代的吡啶基,特别是4-吡啶基或取代的4-吡啶基。
根据本发明特别有用的化合物是:
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-氟苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(3-甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]-3,5-二氯吡啶;
(±)-6-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶;或
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-氨基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
其拆解的对映体;及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物。
上文特别提到的化合物以两种对映体形式存在。每一种对映体都是有用的,如两种对映体的混合物。
本发明的化合物是选择性的高效PDEⅣ抑制剂。化合物在这方面作用的能力可以简单地由下文实施例中描述的试验来确定。
因此,本发明化合物特别适用于预防和治疗人体的有害的炎性应答或肌肉痉挛的疾病,以及通过提高cAMP水平能预防或减轻炎症及放松肌肉的疾病。
本发明化合物的具体用途包括预防和治疗哮喘,尤其是哮喘性肺炎,或治疗炎性导气管疾病,慢性支气管炎,嗜酸性肉芽瘤,牛皮癣及其它良性和恶性增生性皮肤疾病,内毒素性休克,败血症性休克,溃疡性结肠炎,克罗恩氏(Crohn)病,心肌和大脑的倒流性(reperfusion)损伤,炎性关节炎,慢性肾小球性肾炎,特应性皮炎,荨麻疹,变应性鼻炎,成人呼吸窘迫综合症,尿崩症,过敏性结膜炎和春季结膜炎。
本发明化合物也可以提高淋巴细胞中的cAMP,因此可抑制基于免疫系统疾病有害淋巴细胞活性,这些疾病是如类风湿性关节炎,类风湿性脊椎炎,移植排斥和移植物抗宿主病(graft  versus  host  disease)。
为了预防或治疗疾病,本发明化合物可以以药物组合物形式给药,根据本发明另一个方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包括式(1)化合物和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
本发明药物组合物可以是适于口服,面颊,胃肠外,鼻内,局部或直肠用药的形式,或者适于通过吸入法或吹入法用药的形式。
对于口服用药,药物组合物可以是例如片剂、锭剂或胶囊形式,通过常规手段,用药学上可接受的赋形剂如粘合剂(例如预先胶化的玉米淀粉,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或羟丙基甲基纤维素);填充剂(例如乳糖、微晶纤维素或磷酸氢钙);润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁、滑石或硅石);崩解剂(disintegrants)(例如土豆淀粉或乙醇酸钠);或湿润剂(例如十二烷基硫酸钠)制备这些制剂。片剂可以用本领域熟知的方法包衣。口服用药的液体制剂可以是,例如,溶液,糖浆或悬浮液形式,或者它们可以是干制品,使用前用水或其它赋形剂进行配制。这种液体制剂可以用常规手段,与药学上可以接受的添加剂如悬浮剂,乳化剂,非水赋形剂及防腐剂一起制备。适当时制剂也可含有缓冲盐,调味剂,着色剂和甜味剂。
口服用药的制剂可适当地配制以便能有控制地释放活性化合物。
预防或治疗特定炎性症状所需的本发明化合物的量将随所选择的化合物和待治疗的病人情况而改变。但是,一般来说,日剂量范围对于口服和面颊用药来说可以是大约100ng/kg至100mg/kg,例如大约0.01mg/kg至40mg/kg体重,对于肠胃外用药用以是大约10ng/kg至50mg/kg体重,对于鼻内用药或吸入法或吹入法用药可以是大约0.5mg至大约1000mg。
本发明化合物可以用下列方法制备,当下文的通式中使用符号Y,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7和X时,应理解为代表上文关于式(1)所描述的那些基团,除非另有说明。下文描述的反应中,有必要保护活性官能基团,例如羟基,氨基或巯基,这些基团在最终产物中是需要的,要防止它们在反应中发生不希望的参与。根据标准惯例可以使用常规的保护基团[参见,例如Green,T.W.in"Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis"John Wiley and Sons,1981]。
这样,根据本发明的再一个方面,其中R3和R7各自是氢原子的式(1)化合物可以通过式(3)化合物的氢化反应来制备。
Figure 93112879X_IMG12
该氢化反应可以使用例如氢,在有催化剂的存在下进行。合适的催化剂包括金属如铂或钯,可以载在(但非必须)惰性载体如碳或碳酸钙上;镍,例如Raney镍或铑。该反应可在合适的溶剂中,例如醇,如甲醇或乙醇,醚,如四氢呋喃或二噁烷,或酯,如乙酸乙酯,无碱或有碱存在下,例如有机叔碱,如三乙胺,在例如室温下进行。
或者,该反可使用有机氢供体和转移剂通过转移氢化作用来完成。合适的氢供体包括例如酸,如甲酸,醇,如苯甲醇或1,2-亚乙基二醇,肼,和环链烯烃,如环己烯或环己二烯。转移剂可以是,例如,过渡金属,如钯或铂,可以载在(但非必须)如上文所讨论过的惰性载体上,镍,例如Raney镍,钌,例如三(三苯基膦氯化钌,或铜。该反应一般可以在室温或升高的温度下,无溶剂或有溶剂如醇,如乙醇,或酸如乙酸的存在下进行。
式(3)中间体可以使用Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons方法,通过式(6)的酮(将在下文中描述)与膦酸酯R5CH2PO(OAlk)2,其中Alk是C1-4烷基如甲基,在有碱如氢化钠的存在下进行反应来制备。用于该反应的膦酸酯可用常规方法,例如化合物R5CH2L,其中L是离去基团如氯原子与膦R(OAlk)3进行反应来制备。
在另一个式(3)中间体的制备方法中,式(4)的链烯烃
Figure 93112879X_IMG13
可通过Heck反应,与由化合物R5Hal[其中Hal是卤素原子,如溴原子]和钯盐如乙酸钯衍生的有机钯化合物偶联,该反应在有膦,如三-邻-甲苯基膦和碱,如三乙胺的存在下,在升高的温度和压力下进行。
中间体式(4)的链烯烃可通过相应的式(6)酮(将在下文描述)进行Wittig反应来得到,使用磷盐如甲基三苯基溴化磷,在有碱如正丁基锂和惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃的存在下,在例如,0℃至室温的温度下进行反应。
式(3)中间体也可以通过式(5)的醇脱水作用来制备,
Figure 93112879X_IMG14
使用酸,在升高的温度下进行反应。
合适的酸包括,例如磷酸或磺酸,如4-甲苯磺酸。该反应可在惰性有机溶剂中,例如烃如甲苯,在升高的温度下,如回流温度下进行。
在某些情况下,使用的反应条件也可以裂解式(4)起始物料中的基团R2,得到其中的R2是氢原子的式(3)中间体。该化合物可通过与卤化物R2Hal(其中Hal是卤素原子如溴或氯原子)进行反应转化成所需的式(3)化合物,如下文所述的由其中R2是氢原子的相应化合物制备式(1)化合物。
式(5)的醇是其中基团R3为羟基的本发明化合物。这样,根据本发明的另一个方面,其中R3是羟基,R7是氢原子的式(1)化合物可以通过式(6)的酮
Figure 93112879X_IMG15
与有机金属试剂R5R6CHZ,其中Z是金属原子,进行反应来制备。
Z表示的金属原子包括,例如锂原子。
该反应可在溶剂如醚,例如环醚,如四氢呋喃中,在低温,例如大约-70℃至室温的温度下进行。该反应特别适于制备其中R5是缺电子基团,如2-或4-吡啶基的式(1)化合物。
试剂R5R6CHZ或者是已知化合物,或者可被制备,优选在上述反应过程中就地制备,即通过化合物AlkCH2Z[其中的Alk是烷基如正丙基]与化合物R5R6CH2,必要时有碱如胺,例如二异丙基胺的存在下,使用上述条件进行反应制备。
式(6)的酮可以通过相应的式(7)醇的氧化来制备:
Figure 93112879X_IMG16
使用氧化剂如二氧化锰,在溶剂如二氯甲烷中,在室温下进行反应。
或者,式(6)的酮可以如下制备:使式(8)的卤化物
Figure 93112879X_IMG17
[其中Hal是卤素原子如溴或氯原子]与碱如正丁基锂进行卤素-金属交换,然后与腈R4CN,酰氯R4COCl或酯R4CO2Alk(其中的Alk是烷基例如甲基)在溶剂如四氢呋喃中,在低温,例如大约-70℃下进行反应,接着用酸如盐酸,在例如-20℃至室温的温度下进行处理。
式(7)的醇可以通过使式(9)的醛:
Figure 93112879X_IMG18
与有机金属化合物,如有机锂化合物R4Li,或格利雅(Grignard)试剂R4MgBr,在溶剂如四氢呋喃中,在低温如大约-55℃下进行反应来制备。
式(9)醛可通过相应的式(10)化合物烷基化来制备,
使用化合物R2Hal[其中的Hal如上文所定义],并使用下文描述的式(18)的中间体烷基化的试剂和条件。
式(10)的中间体或者是已知化合物,或者可由已知起始物料通过制备已知化合物所使用的类似方法来制备。
式(8)的卤化物可通过式(11)的化合物的烷基化制备,
Figure 93112879X_IMG20
使用上文所讨论的与式(10)的醛烷基化有关的试剂和条件。
其中的X是-O-的式(11)卤化物可以通过式(12)醛的氧化来制备,
Figure 93112879X_IMG21
使用氧化剂如3-氯过氧苯甲酸,在卤化烃如氯仿中,在大约0℃至室温的温度下进行反应。
其中的X是-S-或-N(R8)-的式(12)醛和式(11)卤化物或者是已知化合物,或者可以由已知的起始物料通过类似于制备已知化合物所用的方法来制备。
在本发明的另一个方法中,其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子的式(1)化合物可以通过式(13)酯的脱羧反应来制备:
Figure 93112879X_IMG22
其中Alk是C1-4烷基,如乙基。
该反应可如下进行:用碱,例如无机碱如氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠,在溶剂如醇,例如乙醇中,在升高的温度,例如回流温度下处理酯,然后用酸如无酸,例如盐酸,在升高的温度,例如回流温度下将反应混合物酸化至pH值为大约4至6。
式(13)中间体可以通过式(14)化合物:
与格利雅试剂R4MgBr,在有配位剂,例如溴化铜(Ⅰ)-甲硫醚络合物(dimethyl sulphide complex)的存在下,或与有机锂化合物,例如R4Li,在溶剂,例如四氢呋喃中,在低温,例如大约-40℃下进行反应来制备。格利雅和锂试剂或者是已知化合物,或者可以用类似于合成已知化合物的方法来制备。
式(14)化合物可以通过式(9)醛与酯R5CH2CO2Alk在酸性溶剂,如乙酸中,在升高的温度,例如回流温度下,在有碱,例如乙酸铵的存在下进行反应来得到。
在本发明的另一个方法中,其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子、R5是杂芳基的式(1)化合物,一般可以通过使式(15)的化合物:
Figure 93112879X_IMG24
其中R是羧酸[-CO2H]基团或其活性衍生物;或腈[-CN],或亚胺盐,与双官能试剂W1R5aW2和化合物R5bW3(必要时)[其中W1,W2和W3它们可以相同或不同,各自是活性官能基团或其被保护的衍生物,R5a和R5b是杂芳基R5的组份,这样当与W1,W2和W3一起加到式(15)化合物的基团R上时,得到的基团-RW1R5aW2或-RW1R5aW2R5bW3构成杂芳基R5]一起进行成环烷化反应来制备。
用于该反应的羧酸活性衍生物包括酰卤化物,例如酰氯化物,酰胺,包括硫代酰胺,或酯,包括硫代酯。亚胺盐包括例如式[例如-C(OAlk)=NH+2A-,其中Alk是C1-4烷基,A-是抗衡离子,例如氯离子]的盐。
在这个一般反应中用W1,W2或W3表示的活性官能基团可以是任何合适的碳,氮、硫或氧亲核试剂。具体的例子包括简单的亲核试剂如负碳离子[例如通过烷基与有机金属化合物偶联生成的],氨基,巯基和羟基。
一般来说,成环烷化反应最初是在溶剂,例如惰性溶剂如卤化碳,例如二氯甲烷,醚,例如环醚如四氢呋喃,或烃类,例如芳香烃如甲苯中,在低温,例如大约-70℃至大约回流温度的温度下,必要时有碱或硫杂化试剂,例如Lawesson试剂存在下进行,如果必要,接着在升高的温度,例如回流温度下进行加热。
这样,在一个特定的实例中,其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子,R是苯并噻唑基,苯并恶唑基或苯并咪唑基的式(1)化合物可以通过式(15)化合物,其中的R是羰基卤化物,例如氯化物(-COCl),与试剂W1R5aW2,其分别是2-氨基硫代苯酚,2-羟基苯酚或1,2-二氨基苯,在有碱,例如,有机胺如吡啶的存在下,在溶剂,例如卤代碳如二氯甲烷中,在大约-70℃至回流温度的温度下进行反应来制备。
在另一个一般成环烷化方法的实例中,其中的R是如上所述的羰基卤化物的式(15)化合物可以与化合物W1R5aW2,其是单烷基丙二酸酯,例如丙二酸乙氢酯进行反应,接着与化合物R5bW3,其是肼,进行反应,得到其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子,R5是5-羟基吡唑基的式(1)化合物。
在另一个改变的成环烷化方法中,式(15)卤化物可以与化合物W1R5aW2,其是BrMg(CH23[-O(CH22O-]进行反应,接着在酸溶液中与化合物R5bW3,其是甲胺进行反应,得到其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子,R5是N-甲基吡咯基的式(1)化合物。
在另一个成环烷化方法的实例中,式(15)卤化物可以与化合物W1R5aW2,其是H2NNHCSNH2,在芳香烃如甲苯中,在升高的温度,例如大约150℃下进行反应,接着用碱,例如无机碱如碳酸氢钠处理,得到其中的R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子,R5是1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫醇盐(thiolate)基的式(1)化合物。
中间体式(15)化合物特别有用,构成本发明的另一个方面。式(15)酸的活性衍生物和其中R是腈或亚胺盐的其它式(15)化合物可以从相应的酸[其中的R是-CO2H],用例如在下文实施例中描述的常规的将羧酸转化成这类化合物的步骤来制备。
式(15)酸[其中的R是-CO2H]可以通过将式(16)的二酯
Figure 93112879X_IMG25
其中的Alk是C1-4烷基,例如乙基,使用碱,例如氢氧化钠,在溶剂,例如二噁烷中,在升高的温度,例如回流温度下,进行水解,接着在升高的温度下酸化来制备。
式(16)的二酯可以通过式(17)的二酯与有机金属试剂,如格利雅试剂进行反应来制备,使用上述制备式(1)醇的条件。
Figure 93112879X_IMG26
在本发明另一个方法中,式(1)化合物可以通过式(18)化合物的烷基化来制备:
使用试剂R2L,其中的L是离去基团。
L表示的离去基团包括卤素原子如碘或氯或溴原子,或磺酰氧基如芳基磺酰氧基,例如对甲苯磺酰氧基。
烷基化反应可以在有碱,例如无机碱如碳酸盐,例如碳酸铯或碳酸钾,醇盐,例如叔丁醇钾,或氢化物,例如氢化钠的存在下,在偶极性非质子传递溶剂如酰胺,例如取代的酰胺如二甲基甲酰胺中,在室温或高于室温,例如大约40℃至50℃下进行。
式(18)的中间体可以从相应的其中的X是被保护的羟基,巯基或氨基的被保护化合物,用常规方法得到(参见Green,T.W.ibid)。例如,X是叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基时,所需的羟基可以通过用四丁基氟化铵处理被保护的中间体而得到。被保护的式(18)中间体可以用类似于式(1)化合物的方法,使用本文中描述的反应和适当地保护的中间体来制备。
式(17)的化合物可以通过式(9)的醛与丙二酸酯,例如丙二酸二乙酯,如果必要,在有催化剂,例如哌啶和乙酸的存在,在惰性溶剂,例如甲苯中,在升高的温度,例如回流温度下进行缩合及反应来制备。
式(1)化合物也可以通过其它式(1)化合物的互变来制备。例如,式(1)化合物中R4或R5表示的基团可以在芳基或杂芳基部位被任意的基团R10取代,即通过适当的取代反应,使用相应的未取代的式(1)化合物和含有R10的亲核试剂或亲电子试剂。
在另一个互变方法的实例中,其中的R4或R5中的芳基或杂芳基含有-CH2NH2取代基的式(1)化合物可以通过还原相应的其中的R5含有腈基团的化合物来制备,使用例如金属氢化物络合物如氢化铝锂,在溶剂如醚,例如乙醚中进行该反应。
在另一个实例中,其中的R4或R5中的芳基或杂芳基含有链烷酰基氨基或链烷酰基氨基烷基取代基的式(1)化合物可以通过酰化相应的其中的R4或R5含有-NH2或烷基氨基的化合物来制备,即使相应的化合物与酰卤化物在有碱,例如叔胺,如三乙胺的存在下,在溶剂如二氯甲烷中进行反应。
在另一个互变方法的实例中,其中的R7是烷基的式(1)化合物可以通过其中R7是氢原子的式(1)化合物的互变来制备,即使其与化合物R7L,其中L是离去基团,如卤素原子,例如氯,在有碱,例如二异丙基氨化锂的存在下,在溶剂如四氢呋喃中,在低温0℃下进行反应。
在另一个互变方法的实例中,其中的R3是OR9基团,其中R9是烷基,烷氧基烷基,甲酰基或链烷酰基的式(1)化合物可以通过使其中R3是-OH基的式(1)化合物与化合物R9L(其中R9如上述所定义,L是上文描述的离去基团),在溶剂,如二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中,在有碱,例如三乙胺或叔丁醇钾的存在下,在室温下进行反应来制备。
在另一个互变方法中,其中的R9是羧氨基(-CONHR11)或硫代羧氨基(-CSNHR11)的式(1)化合物可以通过使其中R3是羟基的式(1)化合物与异氰酸酯R11NCO或硫代异氰酸酯R11NCS,在溶剂,例如氯仿中,在有碱,例如二异丙基乙基胺存在下,在室温下进行反应来制备。异氰酸酯R11NCO和硫代异氰酸酯R11NCS是已知化合物或者可以用常规方法来制备。
在又一个实例中,其中的R9是CONR11R12的式(1)化合物可以通过使其中R9是CONHR11的式(1)化合物与试剂R12L(其中L是上文所描述的离去基团),在有碱,例如氢化钠的存在下,在溶剂,例如四氢呋喃中,在低温度,例如0℃下进行反应来制备。
在另一个实例中,其中R9是-CSNR11R12的式(1)的硫代异氰酸酯可以通过使其中R9是(-CONR11R12)的式(1)化合物与硫杂化试剂,如Lawesson试剂,在无水溶剂,例如甲苯中,在升高的温度,如回流温度下进行反应来制备。
式(1)化合物的N-氧化物可以通过例如使用氧化剂如过氧化氢,在有酸如乙酸的存在下,在升高的温度,例如大约70℃至80℃下氧化相应的氮碱来制备,或者使相应的氮碱与过酸如过乙酸,在溶剂,例如二氯甲烷中,在升高的温度下进行反应来制备。
式(1)化合物的盐可以通过使式(1)化合物与适当的酸或碱,在合适的溶剂,例如有机溶剂如醚中,用常规步骤进行反应来制备。
当需要得到式(1)化合物的特定对映体时,可以从相应的对映体混合物中,用任一拆分对映体的合适的常规步骤来生产。
例如,非对映的衍生物,例如盐,可以通过式(1)的外消旋体与适当的手性化合物,例如手性酸或碱进行反应来制备。合适的手性酸包括,例如酒石酸或其它的酒石酸酯例如二苯甲酰基酒石酸酯和二甲苯酰基酒石酸酯,磺酸酯如樟脑磺酸酯,扁桃酸及其它扁桃酸酯和磷酸酯如1,1′-二萘-2,2′-二基磷酸氢酯。然后用任一方便的手段,例如通过结晶分离非对映体,并回收所需的对映体,例如当非对映体是盐时;用酸或碱进行处理回收。
在另一个拆分方法中,式(1)的外消旋体可以用手性高效液体色谱来分离,例如如下文实施例中所描述的。
或者,如果需要,可以在上述的一个反应中使用适当的手性中间体得到特定的对映体。手性中间体一般可用任一合适的不对称合成来得到。
下列实施例说明了本发明。使用了下列缩写词:DMF-二甲基甲酰胺;THF-四氢呋喃;DME-二甲氧基乙烷;EtOAc-乙酸乙酯;Et2O-乙醚;Et3N-三乙胺;BuLi-丁基锂;LDA-二异丙基氨化锂;EtOH-乙醇;RT-室温。
所有1Hnmr谱均是在300MHz处得到的,除非另有说明。
中间体1
3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛
将Cs2CO3(214g,0.66mol)加到3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(100g,0.66mol)和环戊基溴(98g,0.66mol)于无水DMF(500ml)中的混合物中,RT下将反应混合物搅拌16小时,然后用另一份环戊基溴(98g,0.66mol)和Cs2CO3(214g,0.66mol)处理。RT下再经6小时后,将混合物过滤并真空浓缩。剩余物溶于CH2Cl2(300ml)中并用NaOH溶液(10%,2×150ml)洗涤。将有机层干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩并蒸馏(150℃,10-2mbar),得到标题化合物(130g),该化合物是粘性无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,CH24),3.87(3H,s,OMe),4.80(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.90(1H,d,J8.7Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),7.30-7.45(2H,m,2xArH 间-OMe),及9.77(1H,s,ArCHO).
中间体2
(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)苯酰苯
在大约-55℃下,将苯基锂(1.5M的乙醚-环己烷溶液,33.5ml,50mmol)滴加到中间体1(10.0g,45.4mmol)的THF(50ml)溶液中,使反应混合物温热至RT过夜,然后用水(100ml)稀释,用Et2O(3×50ml)萃取。将有机萃取物用HCl水溶液(1%,70ml),盐水(100ml)洗涤,然后干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩,得到1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基甲醇(13.4g),该产物是白色固体。m.p.82.5-83℃;
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br,m,(CH24),2.30(1H,br,s,OH),3.77(3H,s,OMe),4.68(1H,br,m,OCHCH2),5.77(1H,s,CHOH),6.75-6.85(3H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe),及7.15-7.4(5H,m,C6H5);m/z298(M+20%),230(50),151(30),125(100),124(33),105(38),及92(22)。
将上述制备的醇(13.4g,44.8mmol)溶于CH2Cl2(150ml)中,并用MnO2(22g)处理。RT下将反应混合物剧烈搅拌18小时,然后用另一份MnO2(20g)处理。10小时后加入更多的MnO2(20g),将混合物搅拌18小时,然后通过Celite
Figure 93112879X_IMG28
过滤并真空浓缩。剩余物用EtOH重结晶,得到标题化合物(11.27g;两批产物),该化合物是白色晶状固体。m.p.59-75℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.1(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.88(3H,s,OMe),4.80(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.83(1H,d,J8.5Hz,ArH.邻-OMe),及7.25-7.8(7H,m,2xArH.间-OMe+C6H5);m/z296(M+11%),229(17),228(95),152(12),151(100),105(30),77(21),及41(10).
中间体3
5-溴-2-甲氧基苯酚
将5-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲醛(100g,0.46mol)的CHCl3(250ml)溶液用冰浴冷却并加入3-氯过氧苯甲酸(纯度50-60%)(146g,0.51mol)的CHCL3(1000ml)溶液。使反应混合物慢慢温热至室温并搅拌72小时。滤掉白色固体,滤液被真空浓缩。将剩余物溶于Et2O(200ml)并用1M亚硫酸钠溶液(2×200ml)洗涤,然后用NaCO3[半饱和](3×200ml)洗涤。醚层用10%的NaOH水溶液(3×100ml)洗涤,用浓盐酸将合并的碱性萃取物酸化,并用Et2O(3×100ml)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物干燥(MgSO4),用硅酸镁载体(10g)过滤,减压下除去溶剂,得到标题化合物(90g),该化合物是浅褐色固体。
中间体4
4-溴-2-环戊氧基苯甲醚
将中间体3(90g)溶于DMF(300ml)中,并用Cs2CO3(158g,490mmol)和环戊基溴(73g,52.5ml,490mmol)处理。搅拌过滤后,再加入Cs2CO3(35g,107mmol)和环戊基溴(12ml,16.7g,112mmol),并继续搅拌2小时。然后加入另一份环戊基溴(10ml)和Cs2CO3(14g)。搅拌1小时后,真空蒸发掉DMF,剩余物用水(200ml)稀释,用Et2O(3×100ml)萃取。合并的有机萃取物用NaOH溶液(5%,2×100ml),水(100ml)洗涤,然后干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸发掉溶剂,得到红色油状物,将其蒸馏(140℃,0.3mbar)得到标题化合物(101g),该化合物是无色油状物。
(C12H15BrO2元素分析:实验值:C,53.11;H,5.53理论值:C,53.15;H 5.58%)。
中间体5
(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)(4-吡啶基)甲酮
在-70℃下,将正丁基锂(1.45M的己烷液,19.6ml,28.4mmol)滴加到中间体4(7.0g,25.8mmol)的THF(50ml)溶液中。搅拌0.25小时后,加入4-氰基吡啶(3.08g,29.7mmol)的THF(15ml)溶液,并保持在-70℃下0.75小时。然后使反应混合物温热至-10℃,并用HCl水溶液(10%,60ml)停止反应。将混合物搅拌0.5小时,用NaOH水溶液(10%,70ml)碱化,并用Et2O(3×70ml)萃取,萃取物用盐水(100ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱分离纯化(SiO2;EtOAc/乙烷,4∶1),得到标题化合物(6.34g),该化合物为白色粉末。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.90(3H,s,OMe),4.82(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.84(1H,d,J8.4Hz,ArH)邻-OMe)7.29(1H,dd,J8.4,2.0Hz,ArH对-环戊氧基),7.4-7.55(3H,m,ArH 对-环戊氧基+吡啶H3,Hz),及8.73(2H,dd,J4.4Hz,1.5Hz,吡啶H2,H6).
中间体6
4-[1-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基]吡啶的(E)和(Z)异构体
将实施例2的醇(0.72g,1.85mmol)于含有4-苯磺酸(0.88g,4.6mmol)的甲苯(120ml)中的溶液在迪安-斯达克装置中加热回流18小时。用NaOH水溶液(10%)处理冷却的反应混合物,然后用浓盐酸调至pH7。用CH2Cl2(3×40ml)萃取混合物,萃取物用饱和NaHCO3(100ml)和Na2CO3(10%,2×60ml)洗涤,然后干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(0.4g),该化合物是黄色泡沫体。
δH(CDCl3)(主要的异构体)3.88(3H,s,OMe),6.6-6.9(6H,m,ArH! 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe+C=CH+吡啶 H3,H5),7.08(2H,dd,J4.6H,1.6Hz,吡啶 H3,H5),8.30(2H,dd,J4.5,1.6Hz,吡啶 H2,H6),及8.51(2H,dd,J4.4,1.6Hz,吡啶 H2,H6),〔次要的异构体在3.90(3H,s,OMe)处有一个信号〕
中间体7
a)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]吡啶的(E)和(Z)异构体
将实施例1a的醇(3.13g,8.05mmol)溶于含有4-甲苯磺酸-水合物(1.91g,10.05mmol)的甲苯(70ml)中,并将混合物加热回流1小时。将反应混合物倾入NaOH水溶液(10%,100ml)中并搅拌5分钟。用Et2O(3×70ml)萃取混合物,有机萃取物用水(80ml)和盐水(80ml)洗涤,然后干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,得到标题化合物的混合物(3.0g),该化合物是粘性浅黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.1(8H,br m,(CH24),3.82(主要的)及3.84(次要的)(3H,s,OMe),4.8(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.6-7.4(11H,m,ArH 邻-to OMe+2xArH 间-OMe+C6H5+ 吡啶 H3,H5),及8.2-8.35(2H,m,吡啶 H2,H6);m/z372(M++1.12%),371(M+,40),3.04(21),303(100),302(72)及274(22).
用类似步骤制备下列化合物:
b)2-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]吡嗪的(E)和(Z)异构体
由实施例1b的醇(570mg,1.5mmol)和4-甲苯磺酸(大约20mg)开始,反应完成后,将反应混合物真空浓缩,然后进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2;Et2O),得到标题化合物(520mg),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.84及3.86(3H,s,OMe),4.58及4.72(1H,br m,OCH),6.65-7.5(9H,m,C6H5+C=CH+ArH. 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe),7.90及8.04(1H,d,J1.5Hz,吡嗪 H3),8.18及8.21(1H,d,J2.5Hz,| 吡嗪 H6),及8.45及8.48(1H,m,吡嗪 H5).
C)3-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]-2-甲氧基吡嗪
如中间体7b所述,由实施例7的化合物(2.94g,7.0mmol)和4-甲苯磺酸(大约20mg)得到标题化合物(2.67g),该化合物是黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.80,3.81,3.83,3.86(2x3H,s,2xOMe),4.50,4.70(1H,br m,OCH),6.60-7.5(9H,m,C6H5+C=CH+ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe)及7.7-7.95(2H,m,吡嗪 H5,H6).
d)(ⅰ)(E)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]-3.5-二氯吡啶
(ⅱ)(Z)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基)-3.5-二氯吡啶
由实施例1c的化合物(1.60g,3.58mmol)和4-甲苯磺酸(0.85g)开始。用柱色谱提纯(SiO2,CH2Cl2),得到:
ⅰ)(E)标题化合物(960mg),该化合物是灰白色固体,m.p.138.5-140℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.88(3H,s,OMe),4.72(1H,br m,OCH),6.59(1H,s,C=CH),6.85(1H,d,J8.4Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.90(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.95(1H,dd,J8.4,2.0Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),7.0-7.1(2H,m,H2,H6of C6H5),7.15-7.3(3H,m,H3,H4,H5of C6H5),及8.35(2H,s,吡啶 H2,H6).
和ⅱ)(Z)标题化合物(240mg),该化合物是灰白色固体,m.p.155-156.5℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.4-1.8(8H,br m(CH24),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.42(1H,br m OCH),6.52(1H,d,J2.0 OHz,m,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.56(1H,s,C=CH),6.57(1H,dd,J8.4,2.0Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),6.68(1H,d,J8.4Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),7.3-7.45(5H,m,C6H5),及8.37(2H,s,吡啶 H2,H6).
中间体8
4-[(1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基]吡啶
将中间体6(0.48g,1.58mmol),Cs2CO3(0.56g,1.73mmol)和环戊基溴(0.26g,1.743mmol)在DMF(20ml)中的混合物于RT下搅拌过夜。加入另一份(Cs2CO3(0.20g,0.61mmol)和环戊基溴(0.28g,1.86mmol),将混合物搅拌1.5小时,然后真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2;EtOAc/CH3OH/Et3N,100∶1∶0.4),得到标题化合物(0.42g),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.136~138℃(环己烷)。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m(CH24),3.84(3H,s,OMe),4.65(1H,br m OCHCH2),6.7-6.9(6H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH.间-OMe+C=CH+吡啶H3,H5),7.08(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz,吡啶 吡啶 H3′,H5′),8.32(2H,dm,J5.0Hz 吡啶 H2,H6),及8.55(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz,吡啶 H2,H6);m/z372(M+28%),305(37),304(100),303(95),275(18),及41(18)
中间体9
1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基乙烯
氮气氛下,向冷的甲基三苯基溴化磷(53.6g,0.15mol)的THF(500ml)悬浮液中滴加正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷液,94ml,0.15mol),并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时。滴加中间体2(29.6g,0.1mol)的THF(100ml)溶液,并在3小时内将搅拌的反应混合物温热至RT。将混合物倾入10%NH4Cl溶液(600ml)中,并用CH2Cl2(2×500ml)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空浓缩。剩余的浆液用热己烷(500ml)研制,滤掉沉淀的膦氧化物,并将滤液真空蒸发,得到标题化合物(28.85g),该化合物是黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.85(3H,s,OMe),4.71(1H,br m,OCH),5.38(2H,dd,J 10.5,1.3Hz,C=CH2),6.75-6.9(3H,m,C6H3),及7.3-7.5(5H,m,C6H5).
中间体10
a)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]苯酚的(E)和(Z)异构体
将中间体9(2.94g,10mmol),4-溴苯酚(2.16g,12.5mmol),Et3N(2.52g,25mmol),三-邻-甲苯基膦(0.06g,0.2mmol)和乙酸钯(0.022g,0.1mmol)的混合物在高压气体贮罐(bomb)中于140℃加热16小时。冷却后,反应混合物用NH4Cl(10%,50ml)和CH2Cl2(50ml)稀释,分离有机层,水层用CH2Cl2(50ml)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,用柱色谱提纯(SiO2;己烷/Et2O,1∶1)得到标题化合物(异构体1∶1的混合物)(0.8g),该化合物是黄色泡沫体。
δH(CDCl3)1.2-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.81,3.83(3H,s,OMe),4.59,4.69(1H,br m,OCH),5.5,5.63(1H,br s,OH),6.55-7.0(8H,m,C6H3+C6H4+C=CH),及7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5)[N.B.1Hn.m.r.表明大约1∶1E/Z 异构体混合物);m/z(ESI)410(M++1+Na,18%),409(M+Na,100)387(M++1,62),319(38),318(22),301(19),236(22),及135(20).
用类似的步骤制备下列化合物:
b)3-[2-(3-环戊基基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]苯甲酸的(E)和(Z)异构体
由中间体9(2.94g,10mmol)和3-溴苯甲酸(5.03g,25mmol)开始,用柱色谱提纯(SiO2,10%,CH3OH/CH2Cl2],得到标题化合物(2g),该化合物是粘性黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.45-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.86,3.87(3H,s,OMe),4.55,4.7(1H,br m,OCH),6.65-8.25(13H,m,C6H5+C6H4+C6H3+C=CH),(CO2H未观查到)[N.B.1Hn.m.r.表明大约1∶1E/Z:异构体混合物];m/z(ESl)437(M++23,60%),301(67),281(100),及259(52).
c)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]苯甲醚的(E)和(Z)异构体
由中间体9(1.19g,4.04mmol)和4-溴苯甲醚(0.757g,4.05mmol)开始,用柱色谱提纯[SiO2,己烷/Et2O,4∶1],得到标题化合物(0.78g),该化合物是黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.72,3.73(3H,s,OMe),3.82,3.86(3H,s,OMe),4.58,4.67(1H,br m,OCH),6.6-6.9(6H,m,C6H3+2xArH 邻-)OMe+C=CH),6.93,7.00(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,2xArH 间-OMe)及7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5)[N.B.1Hn.m.r.表明大约 1∶1E/Z 异构体混合物];m/z(ESl)424(M++1+Na,20%),423(M++Na,100%),374(12),281(20),198(12),132(12)及86(12).
d)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]苯甲酸甲酯的(E)和(Z)异构体
由中间体9(2.94g,10mmol)和4-溴苯甲酸甲酯(2.69g,12.5mmol)得到标题化合物(3.35g),该化合物是黄色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.4-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.86,3.87(6H,s,OMe+CO2Me),4.54,4.67(1H,br,m,OCH),6.6-7.4(11H,m,C6H5+C6H3+C=CH+2xArH 间-CO2Me),及7.75-7.85(2H,m,2xArH 邻-CO2Me)[N.B.1Hn.m.r.表明大约 1∶1E/Z 异构体混合物];m/z(ESl)429(M++1+Na,28%),362(18),361(28),330(70),及329(68).
中间体11
4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]乙酰氧基苯的(E)和(Z)异构体
氮气氛下,向搅拌的中间体10a(0.2g,0.52mmol)的CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液加入Et3N(0.01g,0.14ml,1mmol),接着加入乙酰氯(0.0785g,0.071ml,1mmol)。将反应混合物在RT下搅拌4小时,然后倾入饱和的NaHCO3(10ml)中。分离有机层,水层用CH2Cl2萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤,真空下除去溶剂,得到标题化合物(0.22g),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),2.23,2.24(3H,s,OCOMe),3.83,3.86(3H,s,OMe),4.56,4.67(1H,br m,OCH),及6.7-7.4(13H,m,C6H5+C6H4+C6H3+C=CH)[N.B.1Hn.m.r.表明大约1∶1E/Z 异构体混合物];m/z(ESl)(M++Na,100%),319(20),281(29),191(48),127(50)及55(54).
中间体12
3-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙烯基]苯甲酸甲酯
向冷的(0℃)中间体10b(0.25g,0.6mmol)的CH3OH溶液中滴加SOCl2(0.357g,0.22ml,3mmol),并将反应混合物RT下搅拌3小时。真空下蒸发溶剂,将剩余物溶于CH2Cl2(20ml)中,并用饱和的NaHCO3(20ml)洗涤。分离有机相,水相用CH2Cl2(20ml)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤,真空下蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物(0.215g),该化合物是黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.4-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.82,3.83,3.84,3.85(6H,s,OMe+CO2Me),4.54,4.69(1H,br m,OCH),及6.65-7.85(13H,m,C6H5+C6H4+C6H3+C=CH)[N.B.1Hn.m.r.表明大约 1∶1E/Z 异构体混合物];m/z(ESl)429(M++1.25%),361(22),329(100),159(12),102(15),及60(75).
中间体13
(E)-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)丙烯酸乙酯
氮气氛下,120℃时,将中间体1(26.26g,0.12mol),4-吡啶基乙酸乙酯(19.92g,0.12mol,1eq)和乙酸铵(18.63g,0.24g,2eq)的混合物在冰乙酸(200ml)中搅拌20小时。将溶液冷却至RT,真空除去酸。将橙/褐色剩余物在饱和的NaHCO3溶液中调至pH8.5,水层用EtOAc萃取几次。将合并的有机层洗涤(盐水),干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发至干,得到黄色固体。用甲苯/己烷(第一批),然后用甲苯(第二批)重结晶,接着用柱色谱提纯(己烷-EtOAc/己烷,7∶3),得到标题化合物,该化合物是白色晶状固体。m.p.109-110℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.27(3H,t,J 7.1Hz,CH2CH3),1.45-1.8(8H,br m,环戊基 H1s),3.81(3H,s,OMe),4.16(1H,br m,OCH),4.25(2H,q,J7.1Hz,CH2CH3),6.43(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.73(1H,d,J8.4Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.80(1H,dd,J2.0,8.4Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),7.22(2H,dd,J1.6,4.5Hz,吡啶H3,H5),7.83(1H,s,HC=C)及8.64(2H,dd,J1.6,4.5Hz,吡啶H2,H6).
中间体14
3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)丙酸乙酯
在-40℃时,用20分钟将4-氟苯基溴化镁(2M的Et2O溶液,20.4ml,40.8mmol)滴加到溴化铜(Ⅰ)-甲硫醚络合物(4.17g,20.4mmol)的THF(50ml)悬浮液中。将反应混合物在15分钟内温热至-10℃,并在15分钟内滴加中间体13(5g,13.6mmol)的THF(25ml)溶液。使反应混合物慢慢(大约2小时)温热至RT,并用饱和的NH4Cl水溶液(30ml)停止反应。将有机相萃取并蒸发。使浓缩物在EtOAc(150ml)和水(50ml)之间分配,并通过Celite
Figure 93112879X_IMG29
过滤。有机萃取物用10%的NH4OH(2×100ml)和盐水(100ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发,得到浅黄色粘性固体。用热Et2O研制得到白色固体,将其滤出,用冷Et2O洗涤。经柱色谱提纯(SiO2,EtOAc/己烷,1∶1)得到标题化合物(2.2g),该化合物是单一异构体。
δH(CDCl3)1.05(3H,t,COCH2CH3),1.6-2.0(8H,br m(CH24),3.80(3H,s,OCH3),4.0(2H,m,COCH2),4.30(1H,d,CHAr),4.60(1H,d,CHCO2Et),4.80(1H,m,OCHCH2),6.75-7.0(7H,m,Ar),7.25(2H,d,Ar),8.45(2H,d,Ar).
中间体15
3,5-二氯-4-甲基吡啶
在-70℃下,将3.5-二氯吡啶(2.04g,13.5mmol)的THF(5ml)液滴加入到LDA[由二异丙基胺(1.9ml,13.5mmol)和正丁基锂(1.6M,8.4ml,13.5mmol)制备]的THF(25ml)溶液中。在此温度下搅拌5分钟后,加入碘甲烷(0.85ml,13.5mmol),并在-70℃下将反应混合物再搅拌1.5小时。加入饱和的NaHCO3(20ml)和CH2Cl2(20ml),分离有机相,干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩。剩余物用色谱提纯(SiO2,Et2O/己烷,1∶3)得到标题化合物(1.16g),该化合物是浅黄色固体。
δH(CDCl3)2.46(3H,s,Me),及8.36(2H,s,吡啶H2,H6).
中间体16
3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-乙氧基羰基丙烯酸乙酯
在迪安-斯达克装置中将中间体1(109.8g,499.1mmol),丙二酸二乙酯(79.96g,499.1mmol),哌啶(2.5ml)和CH3CO2H(12ml)的混合物在甲苯(700ml)中加热回流20小时。加入另一份丙二酸二乙酯(9.6g,59.9mmol),哌啶(2.5ml)和CH3CO2H(12ml),并继续像以前一样加热15小时。将反应混合物真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(217g),该化合物是褐色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.33(6H,t,J7.1Hz,2xCO2CH2Me),1.5-2.05(8H,br m,(CH24,3.88(3H,s,OMe),4.30(2H,q,J7.1Hz,CO2CH2Me),4.36(2H,q,J7.1Hz,CO2CH2Me),4.73(1H,br m,OCH),6.85(1H,d,J8.1Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),7.0-7.1(2H,m,2xArH 间-OMe),及7.63(1H,s,HC=CCO2Et).
中间体17
2-[(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]丙-1,3-二酸二乙酯
在-60℃下,在1.5小时内将苯基溴化镁(1.0M的THF溶液,340ml,340mmol,1.2eq)加入到中间体16(95.6g,264mmol)的THF(200ml)溶液中,并在此温度下再搅拌5小时。使反应混合物温热至-20℃,用10%的NH4Cl水溶液(200ml)停止反应,然后用EtOAc(3×100ml)萃取。将萃取物干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩,将剩余的褐色油状物溶于EtOH中,并使其结晶过夜,得到标题化合物(74.9g),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.97-98℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.01(6H,t,J7.1Hz,CO2CH2Me),1.05(3H,t,J7.1Hz,CO2CH2Me),1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.77(3H,s,OMe),3.9-4.1(4H,m,2xCO2CH2Me),4.26(1H,d,J12.1Hz,CHCHCO2Et),4.67(1H,d,J 12.1Hz,CHCHCO2Et),4.71(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.85(3H,m,C6H3),及7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5).
中间体18
3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基丙酸
将机械搅拌的中间体17(70.3g,0.160mol)于NaOH溶液(8M,600ml)和二噁烷(600ml)中的溶液加热回流7小时。将反应混合物冷却,滴加浓盐酸(大约400ml)至pH4,并加热过夜,得到一均相溶液。真空下除去二噁烷,使混合物在CH2Cl2(500ml)和水(500ml)之间分配。分离有机层并与进一步的CH2Cl2萃取物(3×150ml)合并。将萃取物干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(55g),该化合物是黄色固体。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.04(2H,d,J7.9Hz,CHCH2CO2H),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.45(1H,t,J7.9Hz CHCH2CO2H),4.70(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.8(3H,m,C6H3),及7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5)(N.B.CO2H未观查到).
中间体19
3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基丙酰氯
将SOCl2(14.8ml,42.1g,3eq)加到中间体18(23.0g,67.5mmol)的CH2Cl2(250ml)溶液中,然后加热回流6小时。使反应混合物在RT搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(23.7g),该化合物是深褐色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.62(2H,d,J8.0Hz,CHCH2COCl),3.82(3H,s,OMe),4.56(1H,t,J8.0Hz,CHCH2COCl),4.73(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.85(3H,m,C6H3),及7.15-7.4(5H,m,C6H5).
中间体20
5-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-1-[2-(1,3-二氧戊烯环基)]-5-苯基-3-戊酮
在-70℃下,将格利雅试剂的溶液(1.0M的THF溶液,29ml,29.0mmol,1.2eq)[由2-(2-溴乙基)-1,3-二氧戊环(5.25g,29.0mmol)和镁(10.8g,33mmol)制备]滴加到中间体19(8.7g,24.3mmol)的THF(200ml)溶液中。将反应混合在-70℃下搅拌0.5小时,使其在1.75小时内温热至RT,然后在Et2O(200ml)和NaOH水溶液(1M,100ml)之间分配。分离有机层,并与进一步的Et2O萃取物(150ml)合并。萃取物用盐水(50ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩。用柱色谱提纯(SiO2,20% EtOAc/己烷),得到标题化合物(3.95g),该化合物是灰白色蜡状固体。m.p.60~62℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(10H,br m,(CH24)+CH2CH2CO),2.46(2H,t,J7.5Hz,CH2CO),3.13(2H,d,J7.6Hz,CHCH2CO),3.7-4.0(4H,m,O(CH22O),3.78(3H,s,OMe),4.53(1H,t,J7.6Hz,CHCH2CO),4.68(1H,m,ArOCH),4.80(1H,t,J4.3Hz,OCHO),6.65-6.8(3H,m,C6H3),及7.1-7.3(5H,m,C6H5).
中间体21
6-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-氧代-6-苯基-1-己醛
将中间体20(800mg)于HCl水溶液(2M,5ml)和THF(15ml)的混合物中的溶液在大约45℃下加热1.5小时。将反应混合物浓缩至小体积(大约5ml)并在Et2O(50ml)和水(10ml)之间分配。分离有机层并与进一步的Et2O萃取物(30ml)合并。萃取物用饱和的NaHCO3(40ml)和盐水(10ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩。将剩余物橙色油状物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,Et2O-己烷),得到标题化合物(450mg),该化合物是浅黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),2.6-2.7(4H,m,CH2CH2CHO),3.19(2H,d,J7.6Hz,CHCH2CO),3.79(3H,s,OMe),4.52(1H,t,J7.6Hz,CHCH2CO),4.70(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.8(3H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH.间-OMe),7.1-7.3(5H,m,C6H5),及9.71(1H,s,CH2CHO).
中间体22
5-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-氧代-5-苯基戊酸乙酯
在-50℃下,将正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷液,29.3ml,46.9mmol,4.2eq)滴加到丙二酸乙酯钾(2.95g,22.3mmol,2.1eq)的THF(60ml)溶液中。使反应混合物温热至-10℃,搅拌10分钟,然后再冷却到-65℃,并逐滴用预冷的中间体19(4.0g,11.1mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液处理。将反应混合物在-65℃搅拌20分钟,然后倾入到搅拌的Et2O(100ml)和HCl水溶液(1M,150ml)的混合物中。经0.5小时后,分离有机相并与进一步的Et2O萃取物(2×75ml)合并。将萃取物干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,剩余的油状物进行色谱分离(SiO2,40% Et2O-己烷),得到无色油状物(3.4g),将其放置结晶得到标题化合物,该化合物是白色固体。m.p.56~58℃(EtOH)。
δH(CDCl3)1.24(3H,t,J7Hz,CO2CH2Me),1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.27(2H.d,J7.5Hz,CHCH2CO),3.33(2H,s,CH2CO2Et),3.79(3H,s,OMe),4.14(2H,q,J7Hz,CO2CH2Me),4.52(1H,t,J7.5Hz,CHCH2CO),4.69(1H,m,OCH),6.7-6.8(3H,m,C6H3),及7.1-7.35(5H,m,C6H5).
中间体23
(±)4-[2-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶
在90℃下,将实施例3a的化合物(430mg)于含有浓H2SO4(10ml)的二噁烷/水(20ml∶10ml)中加热1小时。将反应混合物冷却,用NaHCO3水溶液中和,然后真空浓缩。剩余物在EtOAc(25ml)和水(15ml)之间分配,并分离有机物。萃取物用盐水(25ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩。将剩余物重结晶(EtOH),得到标题化合物(240mg),该化合物是灰白色晶状固体。m.p.195-197℃。
C20H19NO2元素分析:
实验值:C,78.66;H,6.27;N,4.59
理论值:C,78.64;H,6.18;N,4.42%。
δH(CDCl3)3.30(2H,d,J8Hz,CHCH2),3.86(3H,s,OMe),4.13(1H,t,J8Hz,CHCH2),5.7(1H,br s,OH),6.63(1H,dd,J8.3Hz,ArH 对-OH),6.71(1H,d,J8.3Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.80(1H,d,J2.2Hz,ArH 邻-OH),6.93(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz,吡啶 H3,H5),7.1-7.3(5H,m,C6H5),及8.37(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz,吡啶H2,H6).
中间体24
(2S,3S)和(2S,3R)3-(3-环戊氧基)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-[4-(1,3-二氧戊环基)苯基]-2-(4-吡啶基)丙酸乙酯
在40-45℃下,将2-(4-溴苯基)-1,3-二氧戊环(3.25g,14.2mml)的THF(10ml)液滴加到搅拌的旋转的镁(358mg,14.8mmol)于THF(5ml)中的悬浮液中。使生成的绿色溶液冷至RT,并加入氯化铜(Ⅰ)(28mg,0.28mmol)。将反应混合冷至-30℃,在-25℃至-30℃下加入中间体13(4.34g,11.8mmol)的THF(15ml)溶液,然后在-20℃搅拌1小时,并在2小时内温热至RT。加入饱和的NH4Cl水溶液(20ml),真空除去THF,并使浓缩物在Et2O(50ml)和水(50ml)之间分配。分离有机层,用盐水(20ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩。剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,Et2O:EtO-EtOAc,1∶1),得到ⅰ)(2S,3R)-标题化合物(1.45g),该化合物是无色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.02(3H,t,J7.1Hz,CO2CH2Me),1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.70(3H,s,OMe),3.8-4.2(6H,络合物m,O(CH2)O+CO2CH2Me),4.35(1H,d,J8.0Hz,CHCHCO2Et),4.55(1H,br m,OCH),4.60(1H,d,J8.0Hz,CHCHCO2Et),5.78(1H,s,OCHO),6.5-6.65(3H,m,C6H3),7.22(2H,d,J6.0Hz,吡啶H3,H5),7.35-7.5(4H,m,C6H4),及8.45(2H,d,J6.0Hz,吡啶H2,H6)及
ⅱ)(2S,3S)-标题化合物(1.45g),该化合物是白色固体。
δH(CDCl3)1.03(3H,t,J7.1Hz,CO2CH2Me),1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.80(3H,s,OMe),3.9-4.1(6H,络合物m,O(CH2)O+CO2CH2Me),4.36(1H,d,J8.0Hz,CHCHCO2Et),4.60(1H,d,J8.0Hz,CHCHCO2Et),4.78(1H,br m,OCH),5.66(1H,s,OCHO),6.78(1H,d,J8.2Hz,C6H3的ArH),6.85-6.95(2H,m,C6H3的2xArH),7.08(2H,d,J6.0Hz,C6H4的2xArH),7.15-7.3(4H,m,C6H4的2xArH+吡啶H3,H5),及8.42(2H,ca.d,J6.0Hz,吡啶H2,H6).
实施例1
a)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)-2-羟基-2-苯基乙基]吡啶
在-70℃下,将正丁基锂(1.4M的己烷液,2.7ml,3.7mmol)滴加到4-甲基吡啶(0.35g,3.72mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中。经0.5小时后,于-70℃下,在5分钟内加入中间体2(1.00g,3.38mmol)的THF(4ml)溶液,将混合物在此温度下搅拌1小时,然后在2小时内温热至RT。使反应混合物在Et2O(50ml)和水(50ml)之间分配,并分离有机层。将水层进一步用Et2O(2×40ml)萃取,将合并的有机萃取物干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱提纯(SiO2,EtOAc-己烷),先得到中间体2(300mg),然后得到标题化合物(738mg),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.148-149℃(甲苯-己烷)。
C25H27O3元素分析:
实验值:C,77.32;H,7.04;N,3.50
理论值:C,77.09;H,6.99;N,3.60%。
δH(CDCl3)1.4-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),2.3(1H,v.br.s,OH与D2O互换),3.51(2H,s,CH2吡啶),3.78(3H,s,OMe),4.60(1H,br,m,OCHCH2),6.65-6.9(5H,m)及7.15-7.4(5H,m)(ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe+C6H5+吡啶H3,H5),及8.22(2H,dm,J4.5Hz,吡啶H2,H6):m/z389(M+3%),298(15),297(69),229(27),228(37),151(43),105(100),93(52),77(24),及41(14).
用类似于制备实施例1a化合物的方法制备下列化合物:
b)(±)-2-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-羟基-2-苯基乙基]吡嗪
由2-甲基吡嗪(1.0ml,110mmol)和中间体2(3.24g,110mmol)开始,用Et2O研制得到标题化合物(0.885g),该化合物是白色固体。
δH(CDCl3)1.45-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.73(2H,s,CH2吡嗪),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.68(1H,br,m,OCH),6.22(1H,br s,OH),6.73(1H,d,J8.4Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.89(1H,dd,J8.4,2.0Hz,ArH对-环戊氧基),7.0(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基7.1-7.5(5H,m,C6H5),及8.37(3H,s,吡嗪H3,H5H6).
c)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-羟基苯基乙基]-3,5-二氯吡啶
由中间体15(2.0g,12.3mmol)和中间体2(3.65g,12.3mmol)开始,用柱色谱提纯(SiO2,0-2% MeOH/CH2Cl2),得到标题化合物(1.74g),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.129-130℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),2.65(1H,br s,OH),3.85(3H,s,OMe),3.92(1H,d,J14Hz,CHAHB吡啶),3.98(1H,d,J14Hz,CHAHB吡啶),4.57(1H,br,m,OCH),6.7-6.9(3H,m,ArH 邻-+2xArH 间-OMe),7.2-7.4(5H,m,C6H5),及8.36(2H,s,吡啶H2,H6).
实施例2
(±)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-1-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]吡啶
在-70℃下,将正丁基锂(1.45M的己烷液,5.1ml,7.41mmol)滴加到4-甲基吡啶(0.69g 7.41mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中。经0.5小时后,用5分钟滴加中间体5(2.0g,6.73mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液。将反应混合物在-70℃搅拌0.5小时,然后在RT下搅拌0.5小时。加入水(50ml),并用EtOAc(3×60ml)萃取混合物。萃取物用盐水(80ml)溶液,干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,EtOAc:EtOAc/CH3OH,9∶1),得到标题化合物(2.33g),该化合物是白色非晶形固体,m.p.99-103℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(9H,br,m,(CH24+OH),3.49(2H,d,J2.3Hz,CH2COH),4.65(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.7-6.9(5H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH.间-OMe+吡啶 H3,H5),7.20(2H,dd,J4.6,1.6Hz,吡啶H3,H5),8.22(2H,dd,J4.6,1.6Hz,吡啶H2,H6),及8.40(2H,dd,J4.6,1.6Hz,吡啶H2,H6);m/z390(M+3%),298(21),297(14),230(21),229(91),151(100),106(22),93(27),78(12),及41(23).
实施例3
a)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶
在RT下,用10% Pd/C(大约500mg)处理中间体7a(3.0g,8.09mmol)的THF(50ml)溶液并氢化38小时。使反应混合物通过Celite 过滤,将滤液真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,EtOAc/己烷1∶1),得到标题化合物(1.87g),该化合物是透明的油状物,将其放置慢慢结晶。
C25H27NO2元素分析:
实验值:C,79.87;H,7.26;N,3.69
理论值:C,80.40;H,7.29;N,3.75%。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.1(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.27(2H,d,J8.0Hz,CH2吡啶),3.75(3H,s,OMe),4.12(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.61(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.5-6.7(3H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH. 间-OMe),6.87(2H,dm,J4.5Hz,吡啶 H3,H5),7.05-7.2(5H,m,C6H5)及8.32(2H,dm,J4.5Hz,吡啶 H2,H6);m/z373(M+7%),281(38),214(16),213(100),181(10),及152(11).
用醚化HCl处理Et2O(10ml)中的游离碱(1.08g,2.90mmol),倾析后,得到标题化合物的氢氯化物(1.182g),该化合物是白色固体。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.7(2H,br s,环戊基 H),1.75-1.95(6H,br s,环戊基 H),3.58(2H,d,J7.8Hz,CH2吡啶),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.18(1H,t,J7.8Hz,CHCH2吡啶),4.67(1H,br m,OCH),6.67(2H,br m,ArH),6.76(1H,m,ArH),7.1-7.35(5H,m,C6H5),7.45(2H,d,J6.5Hz 吡啶 H3,H5)及8.50(2H,d,J6.5Hz,吡啶H2,H6).
用类似于制备实施例3a化合物的方法制备下列化合物:
b)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯酚
由中间体10a(0.46g,1.19mmol)的CH3OH(40ml)溶液开始,真空除去溶剂得到标题化合物(0.45g),该化合物是黄色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.4-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.20-3.23(2H,m,PhCHCH2),3.70(3H,s,OMe),4.07(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.64(1H,br m,OCH),5.88(1H,br s,OH),6.59(2H,ca d,J8.6Hz,ArH 邻-OH),6.65-6.75(3H,m,C6H3),6.81(2H,ca d.J8.6Hz,ArH 间-OH),及7.1-7.25(5H,m,C6H5);m/z(ESl)411(M++Na,100%),215(15),及197(50).
c)(±)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯甲醚
由中间体10c(0.47g,1.18mmol)的CH3OH/二噁烷(1∶1,50ml)溶液开始,真空除去溶剂得到标题化合物(0.45g),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.24(2H,ca d,J ca8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),3.68(3H,s;OMe),3.74(3H,s,OMe),4.09(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.63(1H,br m,OCH),6.65-6.75(5H,m,C6H3+2xArH 邻-OMe),6.89(2H,ca d,J8.5Hz,2xArH.间-OMe),及7.1-7.25(5H,m,C6H5);m/z(ESl)426(M++1+Na,25%),425(M++Na,100),279(24),236(48),211(30),183(25),151(36),119(48),87(78),及65(25).
d)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]乙酰氧基苯
由中间体11(0.14g,0.33mmol)的CH3OH/二噁烷(1∶1,40ml)溶液开始,真空除去溶剂得到标题化合物(0.13g),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),2.24(3H,s,COMe),3.30(2H,d,J7.7Hz,PhCHCH2),3.78(3H,s,OMe),4.11(1H,t,J7.7Hz,PhCHCH2),4.65(1H,br m,OCH),6.65-6.8(3H,m,C6H3),6.88(2H,d,J8.5Hz,C6H4的2xArH),6.98(2H,d,J8.5Hz,C6H4的2xArH),及7.1-7.3(5H,m,C6H5);m/z(ESl)453(M++Na,100%).
e)(±)-2-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡嗪
由中间体7b(520mg)的THF/EtOH(12ml,1∶5)溶液开始。用柱色谱提纯(SiO2,Et2O),得到标题化合物(114mg),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.71.5~72℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.4-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.50(2H,d,J8.0Hz,CH2CH),3.78(3H,s,OMe),4.51(1H,t,J8.0Hz,CHCH2),4.66(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.75(3H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe),7.15-7.3(5H,m,C6H5),8.17(1H,d,J1.5Hz,吡嗪 H2),8.31(1H,d,J2.5Hz,吡嗪 H5),及8.47(1H,m,吡嗪 H6).
f)(±)-3-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]-2-甲氧基吡嗪
由中间体7c(2.67g,6.6mmol)的THF/EtOH(21ml,1∶20)溶液开始,用柱色谱提纯(SiO2;CH2Cl2),得到标题化合物(2.55g),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m(CH24),3.42-3.60(2H,m,CHCH2),3.77(3H,s,OMe),3.89(3H,s,OMe),4.67(1H,t,J8.0Hz,CHCH2),4.67(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.8(3H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe),7.1-7.3(5H,m,C6H5),7.85(1H,d,J2.8Hz,吡嗪 H),及7.96(1H,d,J2.8Hz,吡嗪 H).
g)(±)4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯甲酸甲酯
由中间体10d(3.00g,7.0mmol)的CH3OH/THF(1∶1,100ml)溶液得到标题化合物(2.87g),该化合物是无色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m(CH24),3.34-3.37(2H,m,PhCHCH2),3.78(3H,s,OMe),3.87(3H,s,OMe),4.15(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.63(1H,br m,OCH),6.65(1H,dd,J7.8,2.0Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),6.69(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.73(1H,d,J7.8Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),7.05(2H,ca.d,J8.5Hz,2xArH 间-CO2Me),7.15-7.3(5H,m,C6H5),及7.83(2H,ca.d,J8.5Hz 2xArH)邻-CO2Me);m/z(ESl)454(M++1+Na,40%),453(M++Na,100),301(12),239(10),及213(17).
h)(±)3-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯甲酸甲酯
由中间体12(140mg,0.33mmol)的CH3OH/THF(1∶1,20ml)溶液得到标题化合物(137mg),该化合物是无色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.34-3.37(2H,m,PhCHCH2),3.78(3H,s,OMe),3.88(3H,s,OMe),4.17(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.64(1H,br m,OCH),6.65-6.75(3H,m,C6H3),7.1-7.3(7H,m,C6H5+2xArH 间-及 对-CO2Me),及7.75-7.85(2H,m,2xArH 邻-CO2Me);m/z(ESl)453(M++Na,100%).
实施例4
(±)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基乙基]吡啶
将中间体8(0.20g,0.54mmol)的含有Et3N(0.5ml)的EtOH(10ml)溶液在10%Pd/C(54mg)上氢化18小时。使反应混合物通过CetiteR过滤,并真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱提纯(SiO2;EtOAc/CH3OH,19∶1),得到标题化合物(170mg),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.27(2H,d,J8.0Hz,CH2吡啶),3.77(3H,s,OMe),4.10(1H,t,J8.0Hz,CH2CH 吡啶),4.62(1H,br m,OCHCH2),6.5-6.8(3H,m,ArH 邻-OMe+2xArH 间-OMe),6.88(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz,吡啶H3,H5),7.06(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz, 吡啶 H3,H5),8.35(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz, 吡啶H2,H6),及8.43(2H,dd,J4.5,1.5Hz,吡啶H2,H6);m/z374(M+17%),306(32),282(12),215(16),214(100),154(11),129(14),93(12),57(15),及41(18).
用醚化溶液处理标题化合物,得到标题化合物的二氢氯化物。m.p.230-233℃(分解)
实施例5
a)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-氟苯基乙基)吡啶氢氯化物
向中间体14(2.19g,4.72mmol)的EtOH(50ml)溶液中加入NaOH(1.0g,25mmol)的水(20ml)溶液。将反应混合物加热回流直至完全水解(大约1小时),并用浓盐酸(大约2ml)将pH调至pH6。将反应混合物加热回流直至完成脱羧反应(大约7小时)。冷却后,将黄色溶液半浓缩,并在0.5N NaOH(100ml)和Et2O(100ml)之间分配。有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。将剩余的带黄色的胶状物(1.81g)放入Et2O(50ml)中,并加入2.5M的盐酸EtOH溶液(大约2ml)至pH2。蒸去溶剂,将得到的黄色泡沫体再溶于EtOH(20ml)中,加入Et2O直至溶液变得稍微浑浊,并将混合物冷至0℃,得到灰白色固体。将母液滤掉,固体用Et2O洗涤并真空干燥,得到标题化合物(1.85g),该化合物是灰白色固体。m.p.147~150℃。
δH(CD3OD)1.50-1.90(8H,m,(CH24),3.70(2H,d,CH2Ar),3.75(3H,s,OCH3),4.45(1H,t,CHAr),4.75(1H,m,OCHCH2),6.80(3H,m,Ar),7.05(2H,m,Ar),7.35(2H,m,Ar),7.90(2H,d,Ar),8.65(2H,d,Ar);m/z(ESl)393(M++2,12%),392(M++1,38),300(29),及299(100).
用类似于制备实施例5a化合物的方法制备下列化合物:
b)(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶氢氯化物
由中间体25(2.05g,3.99mmol)和NaOH(0.80g,20mmol)得到游离碱(1.70g),该碱是浅黄色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.36(2H,d,J7.6,0.8Hz,CHCH2吡啶),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.23(1H,t,J7.6Hz,CHCH2吡啶),4.67(1H,br m,OCH),6.65(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.70(1H,dd,J7.8,2.0Hz,ArH 对-OMe),6.79(1H,d,J7.8Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.94(2H,d,J5.2Hz,吡啶 H3,H5),7.30(2H,d,J8.3Hz,2xArH 间-CF3),7.55(2H,d,J8.3Hz,2xArH 邻-CF3),及8.42(2H,d,J5.2Hz,吡啶H2,H6);m/z(ESl)443(M++2.24%)442(M++1,87),350(22),349(100),281(40),及250(30).
用乙醇HCl(2.5M)处理游离碱(1.65g)的Et2O(50ml)溶液,真空浓缩并重结晶(EtOH-Et2O),得到标题化合物(1.66g),该化合物是灰白色固体。m.p.149-152℃。
δH(d4-MeOH)1.55-1.95(8H,br m,(CH24),3.77(3H,s,OMe),3.78(2H,d,J7.8Hz,CHCH2吡啶),4.60(1H,t,J7.8Hz,CHCH2吡啶),4.75(1H,br m,OCH),6.8-6.9(3H,m,C6H3),7.5-7.65(4H,m,C6H4),7.91(2H,d,J5.2Hz 吡啶 H3,H5),及8.68(2H,d,J5.2Hz,吡啶 H2,H6),(N.B.HCl 未观查到).
实施例6
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶-N-氧化物
将实施例16(ⅰ)的化合物(264mg)在过乙酸(0.5ml)和CH2Cl2(50ml)中的溶液于RT搅拌3小时。加入另外的过乙酸(0.5ml)并将混合物搅拌过夜,然后用饱和的亚硫酸钠水溶液处理5分钟。分离有机相,并与进一步的CH2Cl2萃取物(2×30ml)合并。萃取物用HCl水溶液(10%,30ml),NaHCO3水溶液(2×30ml),盐水(30ml)洗涤,然后干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩。用柱色谱提纯(SiO2,1-5%CH3OH/CH2Cl),得到无色油状物,该油状物用Et2O-己烷进行研制,得到标题化合物(260mg),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.114-116℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.29(2H,d,J8Hz,CHCH2),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.06(1H,t,J8Hz,CHCH2),4.67(1H,br m,OCH),6.65-6.8(3H,m,ArH 邻-to OMe+2xArH 间-OMe),6.84(2H,d,J7Hz,吡啶 H3,H5),7.1-7.35(5H,m,C6H5),及8.00(2H,d,J7Hz,吡啶 H2,H6).
实施例7
(±)-3-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-羟基-2-苯基乙基]-2-甲氧基吡嗪
在4℃下,将正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷液,6ml,12mmol)滴加到N,N-二异丙基胺(1.85ml,13mmol)的THF(40ml)溶液中。经0.5小时后,于-70℃滴加2-甲氧基-3-甲基吡嗪(1.28ml,11mmol),并在此温度下将混合物搅拌2小时。在-70℃下,用10分钟加入中间体2(3.26g,11mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液,并将混合物再搅拌1小时,然后温热至RT。使反应混合物在CH2Cl2(75ml)和饱和的NaHCO3(100ml)之间分配。分离有机层,并与进一步的CH2Cl2萃取物(2×75ml)合并,干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,CH2Cl2),得到标题化合物(2.94g),该化合物是白色泡沫体。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.63(1H,d,J14Hz,CHH吡嗪),3.77(1H,d,J14Hz,CHH 吡嗪),3.79(3H,s,OMe 邻-环戊氧基),3.97(3H,s,吡嗪 OMe),4.67(1H,br m,OCH),6.72(1H,dd,J8.4Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.77(1H,s,OH),6.91(1H,dd,J8.4Hz,2.0Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),7.00(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH. 邻-环戊氧基),7.1-7.5(5H,m,C6H5),及7.85-7.95(2H,m,吡嗪 H5,H6).
实施例8
(±)-2-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]-1-甲基吡咯
在RT下,将CH3NH2(由浓的CH3NH2·HCl水溶液和KOH产生)在搅拌着的含有催化量的CH3NH2·HCl的中间体21(400mg)的甲苯(20ml)溶液中鼓泡0.5小时。加入Et3N(2滴),并将反应混合物真空浓缩。将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2;20% Et2O/己烷),得到标题化合物(290mg),该化合物是无色油状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.23(2H,d,J7.5Hz,CHCH2CO),3.28(3H,s,NMe),3.79(3H,s,OMe),4.19(1H,t,J7.5Hz,CHCH2CO),4.66(1H,m OCH),5.74(1H,m,吡咯 H),5.97(1H,app.t,J3.2Hz,吡咯H),6.44(1H,app.t,J2.2Hz,吡咯 H),6.67(1H,d,J1.8Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.70(1H,dd,J8.1Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),6.76(1H,d,J8Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),及7.13-7.30(5H,m,C6H5).
实施例9
(±)-3-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]-5-羟基-[1H]-吡唑
将中间体22(503mg,1.2mmol)和肼一水合物(73mg,1.5mmol)的EtOH(10ml)溶液加热回流1.5小时,然后在冰浴中冷却。滤出结晶产物,用冷EtOH洗涤并真空干燥,得到标题化合物(3.5mg),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.189-190℃。
δH(CDCl3)(表明为烯醇:酮式的混合物;2∶1)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),2.85(2/3H,s,CH2CO;酮),3.13(4/3H,d,J8Hz,PhCHCH2;酮),3.25(2/3H,d,J8Hz,PhCHCH2;烯醇),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.12(2/3H,t,J8Hz,PhCHCH2;烯醇),4.19(1/3H,t,J8Hz,PhCHCH2;酮),4.68(1H,m,OCH),5.35(2/3H,s,HC=COH;烯醇),6.65-6.8(3H,m,C6H3),及7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5).
(N.B.对HC=COH的2/3H;酮和烯醇形式的NH来观察到)。
实施例10
(±)-2-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]噻吩
在85℃下,将中间体19(4.75mg)和Lawesson试剂(2,4-双(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二硫杂-2,4-二磷(diphosphetane)-2,4-二硫醚)(760mg)的混合物在甲苯(10ml)中搅拌1.5小时。将反应混合物冷却并过滤。将滤液真空浓缩,并将剩余的油状物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2;10% Et2O/己烷),得到标题化合物(380mg),该化合物是无色油状物。
C24H26O2S元素分析:
实验值:C,76.12;H,6.88
理论值:C,76.15;H,6.92%
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.56(2H,d,J7.6Hz,PhCHCH2),3.81(3H,s,OMe),4.21(1H,t,J7.6Hz,PhCHCH2),4.71(1H,br m,OCH),6.63(1H,dd,J3.4,0.9Hz,噻吩 H3),6.75-6.80(3H,m,C6H3),6.82(1H,dd,J5.1,3.4Hz,噻吩 H4),7.05(1H,dd,J5.1,1.2Hz,噻吩 H5),及7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5).
实施例11
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯甲酸一水合物
将NaOH水溶液(10%,50ml)加入到实施例3g的化合物(2.7g,6.28mmol)的,CH3OH(50ml)溶液中,并将混合物加热回流3小时。真空除去CH3OH,剩下的水相用浓盐酸调至pH7,然后用CH2Cl2(2×100ml)萃取,将萃取物干燥(Na2SO4),真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(2.41g),该化合物是白色固体。m.p.187-188.5℃。
C27H28O4·H2O元素分析:
实验值:C,74.44;H,6.40
理论值:C,74.62;H.6.96%
δH(CDCl3)1.2-2.0(~10H,br m,(CH24)+H2O),3.3-3.45(2H,m,PhCHCH2),3.78(3H,s,OMe),4.16(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.63(1H,br m,OCH),6.62(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-环戊氧基),6.69(1H,dd,J8.0,2.0Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),6.74(1H,d,J8.0Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),7.09(2H,d,J8.2Hz,2xArH 间-CO2H),7.15-7.3(5H,m,C6H5);及7.90(2H,d,J8.2Hz,2xArH 邻-CO2H);m/z(ESl)439(M++Na,100%),415(20),331(25),302(28),301(35),及213(70).
实施例12
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯甲酰胺
在RT下,向实施例11的化合物(210mg,0.52mmol)的CH2Cl2(10ml)溶液中加入Et3N(58mg,0.58mmol),接着加入氯甲酸异丁酯(79mg,0.58mmol),并搅拌0.5小时。将氨在混合物中鼓泡10分钟并继续再搅拌0.5小时。将反应混合物倾入NaHCO3水溶液(20ml)中,并用CH2Cl2(2×20ml)萃取。将萃取物干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2;Et2O),得到标题化合物(150mg),该化合物是灰白色固体。m.p.73-75℃。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br m,(CH24),3.35-3.79(2H,m,PhCHCH2),3.79(3H,s,OMe),4.14(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.65(1H,br m,OCH),5.5-6.0(2H,v.br.s,CONH2),6.65(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH.邻-环戊氧基),6.68(1H,dd,J8.1,2.0Hz,ArH 对-环戊氧基),6.74(1H,d,J8.1Hz ArH. 邻-OMe),7.07(2H,d,J8.3Hz,2xArH 间-to CONH2),7.15-7.3(5H,m,C6H5),及7.62(2H,d,J8.3Hz,2xArH 邻-to CONH2);m/z(ESl)439(M++1+Na,25%),及438(M++Na,100).
实施例13
(±)N-{4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯基}氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
向实施例11化合物(1.5g,3.6mmol)的2-甲基丙-2-醇(50ml)溶液中加入Et3N(360mg,3.6mmol),接着加入二苯基磷酰叠氮化物(990mg,3.6mmol),并将混合物加热回流3小时。将冷却的反应混合物倾入NaHCO3水溶液(100ml)中,并用CH2Cl2(2×100ml)萃取。将萃取物干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,己烷/Et2O,2∶1),得标题化合物(510mg),该化合物是白色固体。
δH(CDCl3)1.49,1.50(9H,s,CMe3),1.5-1.95(8H,br m,(CH24)+H2O),3.25(2H,d,J7.5Hz,PhCHCH2),3.782,3.790(3H,s,OMe),4.10(1H,t,J7.5Hz,PhCHCH2),4.65(1H,br m,OCH),6.33(1H,br s,NH),6.65-6.75(3H,m,C6H3),6.91(2H,-d,J8.4Hz,2xArH.邻-NHCOCMe3),及7.1-7.45(7H,m,C6H5+2xArH 间-NHCO2CMe3),[N.B.CONH 由Hn.m.r.观察到CONH构象].
实施例14
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯基-N-乙基氨基甲酸酯
将异氰酸乙酯(71mg,1.0mmol)和催化量的Et3N(10μl)加入到实施例3b化合物(300mg,0.8mmol)的甲苯(20ml)溶液中,并将混合物在60℃加热4小时。将反应混合物倾入NaHCO3水溶液(50ml)中,并用CH2Cl2(2×50ml)萃取。将萃取物干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,Et2O/己烷,1∶1),得到标题化合物(140mg),该化合物是无色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.18(3H,t,J7.2Hz,NHCH2Me),1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.2-3.35(2H,m,NHCH2Me),3.29(2H,d,J7.8Hz,PhCHCH2),3.78(3H,s,OMe),4.11(1H,t,J7.8Hz,PhCHCH2),4.65(1H,br m,OCH),4.98(1H,br s,NH),及6.6-7.3(12H,m,C6H5+C6H4+C6H3);m/z(ESl)483(M++1+Na,38%),482(100),及186(23).
实施例15
(ⅰ)(+)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]吡啶
(ⅱ)(-)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]吡啶
制备60mg ml-1实施例4化合物的EtOH溶液,并通过45μ的滤器预过滤。将样品溶液的每份0.5ml的量(柱载量30mg)注射到制备于手性的OJ制备柱上(流动相∶90∶10,己烷/EtOH,流速6ml min-1)。收集两个对映体的峰,第一个峰的典型保留时间是50至63分钟,第二个峰是70至105分钟。
实施例16
(ⅰ)(+)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶
(ⅱ)(-)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶
制备100mg ml-1实施例3a化合物(500mg)的EtOH溶液,通过45μ的滤石过滤。将样品以每份0.9ml的量注射到制备手性的OJ制备柱上(流动相;80∶20己烷/EtOH,流速6ml min-1)。收集两个对映体的峰,第一个峰的典型保留时间是22至32分钟(旋光度,1%的1M HCl,[α]25=+54°),相应于标题对映体(ⅰ),第二个峰是42至80分钟,相应于标题对映体(ⅱ)。
实施例17
(±)-4-[2-(3,4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶
用己烷(2×20ml)洗涤 NaH(60%的油分散体)(235mg,6.09mmol),加入DMF(10ml),接着加入中间体23(500mg,1.46mmol),并将混合物搅拌0.5小时,然后加入碘甲烷(210mg,3.81mmol)。在RT下,将反应混合物搅拌过夜,并真空浓缩,将剩余物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2),得到标题化合物,该化合物是浅黄色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)3.35(2H,d,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),3.80(3H,s,OMe),3.86(3H,s,OMe),4.20(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),6.67(1H,d,J2.0Hz,ArH 邻-OMe及CH),6.7-6.8(2H,m,ArH 对-OMe+ArH 邻-OMe及 间-CH),6.97(2H,ca d,J ca 5.0Hz 吡啶H3,H5),7.15-7.35(5H,m,C6H5),及8.42(2H,ca d,J ca 5.0Hz,吡啶 H2H6);m/z(ESl)342(M++Na,21%),320(30),228(40),227(100),213(12),及196(12).
实施例18
(±)-2-[2-[(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]苯并[d]噻唑
在-70℃下,将中间体19(1.26g,3.5mmol)的CH2Cl2(6ml)溶液加入到搅拌的2-氨基苯硫酚(0.44g,3.51mmol)的CH2Cl2(8ml)和吡啶(2ml)的溶液中。将反应混合物在-70℃搅拌20小时,温热至RT,并真空浓缩,将剩余的褐色油状物进行色谱分离提纯(SiO2,EtOAc-己烷,1∶1),得到标题化合物(826mg),该化合物是浅绿色油状物。
C27H27NO2S元素分析:
实验值:C,75.15;H,6.31;N,3.30
理论值:C,75.49;H,6.34;N,3.26%
δH(CDCl3)1.5-1.9(8H,br,m,(CH24),3.78(3H,s,OMe),3.83(2H,ca d,J ca 8Hz,PhCHCH2),4.60(1H,t,J8.0Hz,PhCHCH2),4.63(1H,br m,OCH),6.7-6.85(3H,m,C6H3),7.1-7.45(7H,m,C6H5+ 苯并噻唑 H5,H6),7.74(1H,ca d,J8Hz,苯并噻唑 H4or H7),及7.95(1H,ca d,J ca 8Hz,苯并噻唑 H4or H7).
实施例19
(±)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]甲醛
将NaOH(800mg,20mmol)的水(20ml)溶液加入到中间体24(2.46g,4.87mmol)的EtOH(50ml)溶液中,并将混合物加热回流1.5小时。加入浓盐酸至pH4.5,并将混合物加热回流18小时以完成脱羧反应。将反应混合物浓缩至一半体积,并在NaOH溶液(0.5M,100ml)和Et2O(100ml)之间分配。分离有机层,用盐水(25ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),并真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(1.80g),该化合物是浅橙色胶状物。
δH(CDCl3)1.5-2.0(8H,br m,(CH24),3.35(2H,ca d,J7.8Hz,CHCH2吡啶),3.80(3H,s,OMe),4.25(1H,t,J7.8Hz,CHCH2吡啶),4.65(1H,br m,OCH),6.63(1H,d,J1.8Hz,ArH;邻-环戊氧基),6.70(1H,dd,J7.8,1.8Hz,ArH 对-OMe),6.78(1H,d,J7.8Hz,ArH 邻-OMe),6.92(2H,ca d,J6.7Hz,吡啶 H3,H5),7.35(2H,d,J8.3Hz,2xArH 间-CHO),7.79(2H,d,J8.3Hz,2xArH 邻-CHO),8.40(2H,ca d,J6.7Hz,吡啶 H2,H6),及9.97(1H,s,CHO);m/z(ESl)402(M++1,38%),310(22),及309(100).
用乙醇HCl(2.5M)处理标题化合物(400mg)的Et2O(40ml)溶液,并真空浓缩,得到标题化合物氢氯化物(420mg),该化合物是黄色固体。
下列试验证明了本发明化合物的活性和选择性。
分离的酶
使用下列一组不同的PDE同工酶测定本发明化合的效力和选择性:
ⅰ.PDE  Ⅰ,兔子心脏
ⅱ.PDE  Ⅱ,兔子心脏
ⅲ.PDE  Ⅲ,兔子心脏
ⅳ.PDE  Ⅳ,HL  60细胞
ⅴ.PDE  Ⅴ,HL  60细胞
用标准色谱技术将酶纯化达到动力学均匀性。
磷酸二酯酶活性验定如下:反应在150μl的标准混合物中进行,该混合物含有(最终浓度):50mM2-[[三(羟甲基)甲基]氨基]-1-乙烷-磺酸(TES)-NaOH缓冲剂(pH7.5),10mM MgCl2,0.1μM[3H]-cAMP和赋形剂或各种浓度的试验化合物。反应在加入酶后开始,并在30℃进行5至30分钟。加入50μl 2%含有用于测定产物回收的[14C]-5′AMP的三氟乙酸终止反应。然后将等份的样品加到中性氧化铝柱子中,用10ml 0.1TES-NaOH缓冲剂(pH8)洗脱[3H]-cAMP。用2ml 2M NaOH将[3H]-5′-AMP产物洗脱到含有10ml闪烁鸡尾酒(Scintillation cocktail)的闪烁管中。用[14C]-5′AMP测定[3H]-5′AMP的回收,所有验定均在反应的线性范围内进行。
编码人体PDE  Ⅳ的基团已由人体单核细胞克隆(Livi,等,1990,Molecular  and  Cellular  Biology,10,2678)。采用类似的步骤本发明从多种来源包括嗜曙红细胞,嗜中性白细胞,淋巴细胞,单核细胞,脑和神经细胞组织克隆了人体PDE  Ⅳ基团。用一可诱导的媒介物将这些基团转染到酵母中。各种具有PDE  Ⅳ生物化学特性的重组蛋白质被表达(Beavo  and  Reifsnyder,1990,TIPS,11  150).这些重组酶,特别是人体嗜曙红细胞重组PDE  Ⅳ,被用作高效、选择性PDE  Ⅳ抑制剂掩蔽物的基础。
本发明化合物例如上文中实施例的化合物在0.1-1000nM范围内对重组PDE  Ⅳ产生与浓度有关的抑制,而在高达100μM的浓度下对PDE  Ⅰ  Ⅱ  Ⅲ或Ⅴ没有或有小的活性。

Claims (26)

1、一种式(1)化合物及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物:
Figure 93112879X_IMG2
其中:
Y表示卤素原子或基团OR1,其中的R1是取代或未取代的烷基;
X是-O-,-S-或-N(R8)-,其中的R8是氢原子或烷基;
R2是取代或未取代的烷基,环烷基或环链烯基;
R3是氢原子或-OR9基团,其中的R9是氢原子或取代或未取代的烷基,烷氧基烷基,甲酰基,链烷酰基,羧氨基或硫代羧氨基;
R4和R5,它们可以相同或不同,各自是基团-(CH2)nAr,其中的Ar是不含或含有一个或多个选自氧、硫或氮原子的杂原子的单环或二环芳基,n是0或整数1或2;
R6是氢原子或烷基;
R7是氢原子或烷基。
2、根据权利要求1的化合物,其中X是-O-。
3、根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中Y是基团-OR1,其中的R1是C1-6烷基。
4、根据权利要求3的化合物,其中R1是甲基。
5、根据权利要求1至4中任一权利要求的化合物,其中R2是取代或未取代的环戊基。
6、根据权利要求5的化合物,其中R2是环戊基。
7、根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求的化合物,其中R3,R6或R7各自是氢原子。
8、根据任一前述权利要求的化合物,其中R4和R5各自分别是基团-Ar或-CH2Ar。
9、根据权利要求8的化合物,其中R4和R5各自分别是基团-Ar。
10、根据权利要求9的化合物,其中R4和R5各自分别是基团-Ar,Ar是未取代或取代的不含或含有一个或多个选自氧、硫或氮原子的杂原子的单环芳基。
11、根据权利10的化合物,其中R4和R5各自分别是基团-Ar,Ar是未取代的或取代的单环芳基或单环含氮杂芳基。
12、根据权利要求11的化合物,其中R4是未取代或取代的单环芳基或单环含氮杂芳基,R5是未取代或取代的单环含氮杂芳基。
13、根据权利要求10至12中任一的权利要求的化合物,其中单环芳基是未取代或取代的苯基。
14、根据权利要求13的化合物,其中单环芳基是苯基。
15、根据权利要求11或12的化合物,其中含氮杂芳基是六元含氮杂芳基。
16、根据权利要求15的化合物,其中含氮杂芳基是取代或未取代的吡啶基,哒嗪基,嘧啶基或吡嗪基。
17、根据权利要求16的化合物,其中含氮杂芳基是取代或未取代的吡啶基。
18、根据权利要求12的化合物,其中R4是取代或未取代的苯基或吡啶基,R5是取代或未取代的吡啶基。
19、根据权利要求17或18的化合物,其中吡啶基是4-吡啶基。
20、根据权利要求10至19中任一权利要求的化合物,其中任何取代的单环芳基或杂芳基是被一个、二个、三个或更多个取代基R10取代的单环芳基或杂芳基,其中的R10是卤素原子或C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C2-6亚烷基二氧基,C5-7环烷氧基,卤代C1-6烷基,C1-6烷基氨基,氨基(-NH2),氨基C1-6烷基,C1-6二烷基氨基,硝基,氰基,羟基(-OH),甲酰基[HC(O)-],羟基(-CO2H),-CO2R13[其中R13是C1-6烷基,例如甲基或乙基,C1-6烷基氨基,C1-6羟基烷基,C1-6烷基硫醇,C6-12芳基C1-3烷基,或C6-12芳基],C1-6链烷酰基,巯基(-SH),硫代C1-6烷基,磺酰基(-SO3H),C1-6烷基磺酰基,氨基磺酰基(-SO2NH2),C1-6烷基氨基磺酰基,氨基磺酰基(-SO2NH2),C1-6烷基氨基磺酰基,C1-6二烷基氨基磺酰基,羧氨基(-CONH2),C1-6烷基氨基羰基,C1-6二烷基氨基羰基,磺酰氨基(-NHSO2H),C1-6烷基磺酰氨基,C1-6二烷基磺酰氨基,氨基磺酰氨基(-NHSO2NH2),C1-6烷基氨基磺酰氨基,C1-6二烷基氨基磺酰氨基,C1-6链烷酰基氨基,C1-6链烷酰基氨基C1-6烷基,或C1-6烷氧基羰基氨基。
21、一种选自下列的化合物:
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-氟苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(3-甲基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]-3,5-二氯吡啶;
(±)-6-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶;或
(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-氨基苯基)乙基]吡啶;
其拆解的对映体,及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物。
22、(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物。
23、(±)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基乙基]吡啶及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物。
24、(±)-4-[1-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-吡啶基)乙基]吡啶。
25、一种药物组合物,该组合物包括式(1)化合物及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物,
Figure 93112879X_IMG3
其中Y表示卤素原子或基团-OR1,其中的R1是取代或未取代的烷基;
X是-O-,-S-,或-N(R8)-,其中的R8是氢原子或烷基;
R2是取代或未取代的烷基,环烷基或环链烯基;
R3是氢原子或-OR9基团,其中的R9是氢原子或取代或未取代的烷基,烷氧基烷基,甲酰基,链烷酰基,羧氨基或硫代羧氨基;
R4和R5,它们可以相同或不同,各自是基团-(CH2nAr,其中的Ar是不含或含有一个或多个选自氧、硫或氮原子的杂原子的单环或二环芳基,n是0或整数1或2;
R6是氢原子或烷基;
R7是氢原子或烷基;
及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
26、一种制备式(1)化合物及其盐,溶剂化物,水合物和N-氧化物的方法:
Figure 93112879X_IMG4
其中Y表示卤素原子或基团-OR1,其中的R1是取代或未取代的烷基;
X是-O-,-S-,或-N(R8)-,其中的R8是氢原子或烷基;
R2是取代或未取代的烷基,环烷基或环链烯基;
R3是氢原子或-OR9基团,其中的R9是氢原子或取代或未取代的烷基,烷氧基烷基,甲酰基,链烷酰基,羧氨基或硫代羧氨基;
R4和R5,它们可以相同或不同,各自是基团-(CH2nAr,其中Ar是不含或含有一个或多个选自氧、硫、或氮原子的杂原子的单环或二环芳基,n是0或整数1或2;
R6是氢原子或烷基;
R7是氢原子或烷基;
其包括最终的步骤:
a)式(3)化合物的氢化反应
Figure 93112879X_IMG5
其中Y,X,R2,R4,R5和R6定义如式(1),得到其中R3和R7各自是氢原子的式(1)化合物;或
b)使式(6)的酮
Figure 93112879X_IMG6
其中Y,X,R2和R4定义如式(1),与有机金属试剂R5R6CHZ,其中的R5和R6定义如式(1),Z是金属原子,进行反应,得到其中R3是羟基,R7是氢原子的式(1)化合物;或
c)使式(13)的酯脱羧
Figure 93112879X_IMG7
其中Y,X,R2,R4和R5定义如式(1),Alk是C1-4烷基,得到其中R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子的式(1)化合物;或
d)使式(15)的化合物
Figure 93112879X_IMG8
其中Y,X和R4定义如式(1),R是羧酸[-CO2H]基团或其活性衍生物,氰基[CN]或亚胺盐,与双官能反应试剂W1R5aW2和化合物R5bW3一起进行环烷基化反应,得到其中R3,R6和R7各自是氢原子,R5是杂芳基的式(1)化合物;其中W1,W2和W3,它们可以相同或不同,各自是活性官能基团或其被保护的衍生物,R5a和R5b是杂芳基R5的组分,这样当把W1,W2和W3一起加到式(15)化合物的基团R上时,生成的基团-RW 1 R 5a W 2 或-RW 1 R 5a W 2 R 5b W 3 构成杂芳基R 5 ;或
e)使式(18)化合物
其中Y,X,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7定义如式(1),与试剂R2L,其中R2定义如式(1),L是离去基团,一起进行烷基化反应;或
f)使一种式(1)化合物互变成另一种式(1)化合物;或
g)使式(1)化合物与酸或碱反应生成式(1)化合物的盐;或
h)将式(1)化合物的两种对映体形式的混合物拆解,得到式(1)化合物一种对映体形式。
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