CN113264886A - 马齿苋中一种哒嗪类化合物的提取分离方法及其应用 - Google Patents
马齿苋中一种哒嗪类化合物的提取分离方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113264886A CN113264886A CN202110642640.2A CN202110642640A CN113264886A CN 113264886 A CN113264886 A CN 113264886A CN 202110642640 A CN202110642640 A CN 202110642640A CN 113264886 A CN113264886 A CN 113264886A
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋中提取、分离和鉴别出的新化合物及其提取分离方法。所述的新化合物,分子式为C13H10N2O2,命名为(Z)‑2‑(4‑hydroxyphenyl)‑3‑(pyridazin‑3‑yl)acrylaldehyde。还提供上述新化合物的提取分离方法,依次采用40%‑60%乙醇回流提取、聚酰胺柱层析、硅胶柱层析、ODS中压柱及Sephadex LH‑20以及HPLC分离制备,成功的提取分离出一种新的哒嗪类化合物。其结构由质谱,碳谱,氢谱及二维核磁波谱解析的方法鉴定为一种新的哒嗪类化合物。新化合物具有抗炎、抗胆碱酯酶作用,本发明新化合物及其盐或衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药开发和药理活性研究的原料,用于制备抗胆碱酯酶、抗炎的药物或保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋药材中提取、分离和鉴别出的新化合物及其提取分离方法。
背景技术
马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.),又名马苋菜、长命菜、蚂蚁菜,为马齿苋科一年生草本植物。马齿苋分布广泛,资源丰富,是我国卫生部规定的78种药食同源的野生植物之一。马齿苋收载于2020版《中华人民共和国药典》,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痢等功效,用于热毒血痢、痈肿疔疮、湿疹、丹毒、蛇虫咬伤、便血、痔血、崩漏下血等。
马齿苋现代药理学研究表明,其具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗癌、抗肿瘤、松弛骨骼肌和平滑肌、调节免疫功能等作用。马齿苋主要化学成分包括黄酮类、香豆素、萜类、甾类、生物碱、氨基酸、木脂素类、挥发油、多糖、各种色素类和矿物质类等为其多样的药理作用提供了物质基础。其中生物碱是马齿苋中一类主要的化学成分,目前已报道的生物碱类成分有去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、少量多巴、腺苷、尿嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N,N-二环己基脲、尿囊素、N-反式-阿魏酰基酪胺;还有环二肽生物碱和生物碱:马齿苋酰胺A-I、K、L、N-S。
目前从马齿苋中分离出的化学成分大多数是已知的,且结构新颖性较低,因此,对马齿苋中新化合物的开发和分离是亟待需要的。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供从马齿苋中提取分离的新化合物,经研究发现本发明的化合物具有抗炎、抗胆碱酯酶的作用,同时提供一种针对本发明化合物的简便、快速、环保、纯度高的提取分离方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案。
本发明提了一种从马齿苋药材中分离出的哒嗪类化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的分子式为C13H10N2O2,并且根据结构命名为(Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridazin-3-yl)acrylaldehyde,其化学结构式如下:
本发明还提供了一种从马齿苋药材中分离出的哒嗪类化合物提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述提取分离方法的具体步骤包括:
步骤1:取马齿苋干燥药材,采用乙醇提取,醇提液滤过,合并滤液直接加热浓缩,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2:将步骤1中提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水梯度洗脱,乙醇蒸干后上硅胶柱,依次用乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得物经预处理的ODS柱层析分离,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将各显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得到浓缩物备用;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得物再经预处理的Sephadex LH-20柱层析分离,用甲醇洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤5:将步骤4中所得化合物通过HPLC分离制备,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相进行等度洗脱,最终得到的化合物。
进一步地,所述步骤1中40%-60%乙醇回流每次提取,每次回流2小时,乙醇量为药材的8倍~16倍。
进一步地,所述ODS与Sephadex LH-20的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
进一步地,所述步骤2中用水和乙醇梯度洗脱为冷水、热水、纯乙醇。
进一步地,所述步骤3中用甲醇和水的体积比为60∶40、70∶30、80∶20、90∶10和100∶0梯度洗脱。
进一步地,所述步骤4中用甲醇洗脱程序为等度洗脱。
进一步地,所述步骤5中所用乙腈-0.1%甲酸体积比为36∶64,该化合物保留时间为12.98min。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的哒嗪类化合物的用途,其特征在于,所述用途可用于制备抗胆碱酯酶、抗炎的药物或保健品。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果。
本发明中所述马齿苋哒嗪类化合物的、分离和药理活性研究未被发现有论文期刊所报道;本发明提供来源于马齿苋的哒嗪类化合物及一种针对本发明化合物的提取分离方法,依次采用乙醇提取、聚酰胺柱、硅胶柱层析、ODS中压柱、Sephadex LH-20及HPLC进行分离纯化与制备,成功提取分离出新化合物,该方法操作步骤仅为五步,操作方法简便及快速,提取分离过程主要采用乙醇提取及乙酸乙酯洗脱,工艺方法环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高大于98%,此外经研究表明此化合物具有抗炎、抗胆碱酯酶作用,因此本发明化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药开发和药理活性研究的原料,亦可用于制备抗炎、抗胆碱酯酶的药物。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物的红外光谱图。
图2为本发明化合物的紫外光谱图。
图3为本发明化合物的高分辨质谱图。
图4为本发明化合物的1H-NMR光谱图。
图5为本发明化合物的13C-NMR光谱图。
图6为本发明化合物的DEPT光谱图。
图7为本发明化合物的HSQC光谱图。
图8为本发明化合物的1H-1H COSY光谱图。
图9为本发明化合物的HMBC光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细的说明。
实施例1。
本发明提供化合物,分子式为C13H10N2O2,并且根据结构命名为(Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridazin-3-yl)acrylaldehyde,其化学结构式如下 :
所述化合物根据结构命名为(Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridazin-3-yl)acrylaldehyde,表1为该化合物的1H-NMR与13C-NMR(DMSO-d 6)。
表1:本发明化合物的1H-NMR与13C-NMR数
实施例2 本发明一种哒嗪化合物的结构鉴定与推导。
(Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridazin-3-yl)acrylaldehyde:红棕色油状,易溶于甲醇。点样于硅胶薄层板后,点样于硅胶薄层板后,喷稀碘化铋钾试液斑点显橘黄色,提示该化合物为生物碱成分。UV(MeOH)λmax:323nm。IR(KBr)νmax:2921、1745、1637、1565和1243cm-1。HR-ESI(+)TOF-MS给出m/z:227.0804[M+H]+的准分子离子峰,分子量为226.0742。结合1H-NMR,13C-NMR以及DEPT数据,推测该化合物可能的分子式为C13H10N2O2,不饱和度为10。13C-NMR谱和DEPT谱显示13个碳信号,分别为1个醛基碳(δ:193.6)、8个烯碳(δ:113.0、115.2、116.6、130.4、135.7、146.4;其中115.2和130.4为重叠峰)、4个双键季碳(δ:123.5、137.9、150.5、157.3)。
1H-NMR谱显示1个醛基氢信号为δ9.64(1H,s);9个烯氢信号分别为δ 6.38(1H,d,J=3.5)、δ6.57(1H,dd,J=3.5,1.6)、δ6.83(2H,d,J=8.5)、δ6.99(2H,d,J=8.5)、δ7.44(1H,s)、δ7.83(1H,d,J=1.5)、δ9.64(1H,s)。1H-NMR谱信号δ9.64(1H,s,H-1′)对应13C-NMR谱信号δC193.6确定了一个醛基的存在。此外,根据1H-NMR谱信号δ7.44(1H,s,H-3′),以及HMBC谱显示,H-1′与C-2′相关,H-3′与C-1′相关,证明2′,3′-二取代丙烯醛的存在。1H-NMR谱信号δ6.83(2H,d,J=8.5,H-3,H-5),δ6.99(2H,d,J=8.5,H-2,H-6)以及13C-NMR谱信号δC115.2(C-3、C-5重叠),δC130.4(C-2、C-6信号重叠),显示一个AA′BB′系统的存在。C-4化学位移值位于低场区,故应该与羟基相连。此外HMBC谱显示,H-2和H-6与C-2′相关,H-1′和H-3′均与C-1相关,故C-1应与C-2′相连。根据1H-1H COSY谱相关信息可知,烯氢中δH6.38、δH6.57与δH7.83相关。同时,C-3′′与C-6′′位于低场区是典型与N相连的C,确定了3′′-单取代哒嗪环的存在。根据HMBC谱中,H-3′与C-3′′和C-4′′相关,H-4′′与C-3′相关,可以确定C-3′′与C-3′相连。根据以上信息,可确定该化合物为上述结构。
本发明还提供上述化合物的提取分离方法,具体步骤为:
步骤1称取马齿苋干燥药材250kg,采用40%-60%乙醇回流提取,用量为药材的8倍~16倍,回流提取两次,每次2h,减压回收乙醇,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2:将步骤1中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用冷水,热水,乙醇梯度洗脱,乙醇部位蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,其中硅胶为200目~300目,依次用乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯-甲醇(5∶1、2∶1,v/v)梯度洗脱,共得到20个部位(即共得到20个瓶,每瓶300mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的1~13洗脱部位,将合并后的1~13部位经40℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得物再经预处理的ODS中压柱层析分离,其中填料粒度为20μm~40μm,用甲醇-水(60∶40、70∶30、80∶20、90∶10和100∶0,v/v)梯度洗脱(加压,使流速为1mL/min,温度为室温),得到17个部位(即梯度洗脱得17个瓶,每瓶100mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的4~6部位保留,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得物再经预处理的Sephadex LH-20柱层析分离,用甲醇洗脱,得到32洗脱部位(即共得到32个瓶,每瓶50mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的12~14部位保留,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用,得到化合物。所述ODS与Sephadex LH-20的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24h,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡;
步骤5:将步骤4中所得化合物经HPLC分离制备,以乙腈∶0.1%甲酸(36∶64,v/v)作为流动相,检测波长为210nm,280nm,分离制备得到本发明的化合物,归一法测定纯度大于98%。
实施例3 本发明化合物的抗胆碱酯酶作用。
1主要材料。
1.1药品和试剂:实验所用化合物由上述方法制备,纯度大于98%,磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠(国药集团化学试剂有限公司),毒扁豆碱(瀚香生物科技),5,5’-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸),(DTNB,上海金穗生物科技有限公司),乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和碘化硫代乙酰胆碱(Acetylthiocholine iodide,ATCI,大连美仑生物技术有限公司)。
1.2分组:分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组和实验组,各一组。
2实验方法。
2.1 样品准备,分别精密称取样品和毒扁豆碱1mg,分别以甲醇为溶剂,配置成(2.5μM/mL、5μM/mL、10μM/mL、30μM/mL和50μM/mL)的五个梯度浓度。分别精密称取7.095g的磷酸二氢钠和6.003g的磷酸氢二钠,用蒸馏水定容至50ml,取3.40ml的磷酸二氢钠和46.6ml的磷酸氢二钠,配制成50ml的PBS(0.1M pH=8.0);精密称取0.0596g的DTNB,加入10ml的PBS,配制成DTNB溶液(15mmol/L);精密称取0.01g的AChE,加入10mlPBS,配制成AChE溶液(0.2u/mL);精密称取0.042gATCI,用蒸馏水定容至10ml,配制成ATCI溶液(15mmol/L)。
2.2改进的Ellman方法测定抗胆碱酯酶活性,在96孔酶标板中依次加入 140uLPBS(0.1MpH=8.0),10uLDTNB(15mmol/L),15uLAChE(0.2u/mL),20μL样品溶液。阴性对照组实验用甲醇代替样品,阳性对照组实验用毒扁豆碱代替样品。37℃孵育10min后,加10uLATCI(15mmol/L)。20℃孵育10min后,用酶标仪在410nm下测定其吸光度值。根据下式计算抑制率:抑制率(%)=(A空白组-A样品)/A空白组×100%。
3实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明哒嗪化合物有抗胆碱酯酶作用,结果如表2所示。
表2:本发明抗胆碱酯酶抑制活性
实施例4 本发明哒嗪化合物的抗炎作用。
1主要材料。
1.1药品和试剂:实验所用哒嗪化合物由上述方法制备,纯度大于98%,精密称取,用DMSO稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。DMEM高糖培养基、胎牛血清(美国Hyclone公司);青霉素、链霉素(杭州四季青公司);LPS(美国Sigma公司);IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2的ELISA试剂盒(美国Cayman公司);细胞裂解液、Griess试剂(碧云天生物技术有限公司)
1.2 细胞株:RAW264.7巨噬细胞(美国ATCC细胞库)。
1.3 分组:分为对照组、LPS组和实验组,各一组。
2 实验方法。
2.1 细胞培养,DMEM高糖培养基,加入l0%的胎牛血清,l%抗菌素(100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素),置于37.5℃,CO2培养箱中培养。
2.2 MTT比色法测定细胞活力,上述三组分别取对数生长期RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于96孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×104个/mL,每孔100μL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜后,实验组加入不同浓度的本发明哒嗪化合物(10~100μM),孵育1h后向LPS组和实验组分别加入终浓度为1μg/mL的LPS,另设调零组(含DMSO溶媒的培养液),每组设3个复孔,考察加入药物后对细胞的影响。上述各组细胞培养24h后,在各孔细胞中加入20μL浓度为5mg/mL的MTT,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下继续孵育4h后,终止培养,吸弃孔内液体,每孔加入100μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),振荡10min,使细胞内结晶充分溶解,酶标仪570nm波长处测定各孔吸光值。
2.3 利用格里斯(Griess)法测定NO的含量,考察本发明中化合物对LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO产生量的抑制作用。小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7传代后在含10%胎牛血清的高糖细胞培养基DMEM中培养,实验组加入不同浓度的本发明哒嗪化合物(10μM~50μM)在37℃,5%CO2条件下孵育1h后用LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL)诱导炎症反应,24h后收集上清液,每组处理重复3孔。Griess法测定细胞上清液中NO的含量,根据不同浓度本发明化合物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放NO的影响,用以反映NO水平。
2.4 ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和炎症介质PGE2:将对数生长期RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于24孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×105个/mL,每孔1mL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜,实验组加入本发明哒嗪化合物(10μM~50μM),培育1h后,在每孔加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL),共孵育24h,每组处理重复3孔。ELISA法测定处理后的RAW264.7巨噬细胞分泌的IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2的含量。
3实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明哒嗪化合物对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖无影响,安全无毒;并可有效抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7所产生过量炎症细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α和炎症介质NO、PGE2,且呈浓度依赖,细胞相对存活率实验结果如表2所示。
表3:本发明对RAW264.7巨噬细胞相对存活率的影响
注:*P<0.05与对照组比较(高浓度组有显著性差异)。
利用格里斯(Griess)法测定NO的含量实验结果见表4。
表4:本发明对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放NO的影响
注:平均数±标准差,n=3*P<0.05与对照组比较,#P<0.05与LPS组比较。
ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和炎症介质PGE2结果如表5所示。
表5:本发明对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌的IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2含量的影响
注:平均数±标准差,n=3*P<0.05与对照组比较,#P<0.05与LPS组比较。
综上所述,本发明提供特殊化合物及其提取分离方法,依次采用乙醇提取、聚酰胺柱层析、ODS中压柱、Sephadex LH-20层析以及HPLC分离纯化,成功的分离得到一种化合物,该方法简便,快速,环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高,由于所得化合物化学结构独特,从常用中药马齿苋中提取出来,其具有抗胆碱酯酶及抗炎作用,因此本发明特殊化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为天然产物开发中药新药,具有广阔的前景。
Claims (9)
2.一种如权利要求1所述的哒嗪类化合物提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述提取分离方法的具体步骤包括:
步骤1、取马齿苋干燥药材,采用40%-60%乙醇回流提取,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2、将步骤1中提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水梯度洗脱,乙醇部分蒸干后上硅胶柱,依次用乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤3、将步骤2中所得物经预处理的ODS柱层析分离,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将各显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得到浓缩物备用;
步骤4、将步骤3中所得物再经预处理的Sephadex LH-20柱层析分离,用甲醇洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的洗脱部位,将合并后的洗脱部位经减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤5、对步骤4中所得浓缩物进行HPLC分离制备,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸作为流动相,制备得到一种哒嗪类化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中40%-60%乙醇回流每次提取,每次回流2小时,乙醇量为药材的8倍~16倍。
4.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中ODS柱与步骤4中Sephadex LH-20柱的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
5.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中用水和乙醇梯度洗脱为冷水、热水、纯乙醇;用乙酸乙酯,及乙酸乙酯和甲醇的体积比为5∶1、2∶1梯度洗脱。
6.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中用甲醇和水的体积比为60∶40、70∶30、80∶20、90∶10、100∶0梯度洗脱。
7.如权利要求1所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中用甲醇洗脱程序为等度洗脱。
8.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5中所用乙腈-0.1%甲酸体积比为36∶64,该化合物保留时间为12.98min。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的哒嗪类化合物的用途,其特征在于,所述用途可用于制备抗胆碱酯酶、抗炎的药物或保健品。
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