CN114989084A - 马齿苋中一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱的提取分离方法及其应用 - Google Patents
马齿苋中一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱的提取分离方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋中提取、分离和鉴别出一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱及其提取分离方法。所述的四氢异喹啉类生物碱,分子式为C10H12N2O3,命名为1‑methyl‑2‑nitroso‑1,2,3,4‑tetrahydroisoquinoline‑6,7‑diol。还提供上述四氢异喹啉类生物碱的提取分离方法,依次采用水煎煮提取、硅胶柱层析、乙酸乙酯萃取、ODS中压柱、SI中压柱、葡聚糖凝胶柱及液相分离制备。其结构采用1H‑NMR、13C‑NMR及二维核磁波谱解析的方法确定为四氢异喹啉类生物碱化合物。该化合物具有潜在的抗炎和抗癌的活性,并提供制备方法,为开发新药和开发新成分提供先导物和理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋药材中提取、分离和鉴别出的四氢异喹啉类生物碱化合物及其提取分离方法。
背景技术
马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.),又名长命菜、马苋菜、五行草,为马齿苋科一年生肉质草本植物。马齿苋耐旱耐涝,且耐光耐阴,分布广泛,资源丰富。大多为野生,很少有人种植,是我国卫生部规定的78种药食同源的野生植物之一。2020版《中华人民共和国药典》中收载马齿苋的干燥地上部分入药,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痢等功效,用于热毒血痢、痈肿疔疮、湿疹、丹毒、蛇虫咬伤、便血、痔血、崩漏下血等。
马齿苋现代药理学研究表明,其具有抗炎止痛、抗菌、抗病毒、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗癌、松弛骨骼肌和平滑肌、调节免疫功能等作用。研究表明马齿苋众多化学成分为其多样的药理作用提供了物质基础,马齿苋主要化学成分包括黄酮类、香豆素类、萜类、甾类、有机酸类、挥发油、生物碱类、氨基酸类、各种色素类和矿物质类等。其中有机酸类是马齿苋中一类主要的化学成分,目前已报道的有机酸类成分有4-羟基-5-甲基呋喃-3-羧酸、5-羟甲基糠酸、L-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等。
目前从马齿苋中分离出的化学成分大多数是已知的,且结构新颖性较低,因此,对马齿苋中新化合物的开发和分离是亟待需要的。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供从马齿苋中提取一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱化合物,经研究发现本发明的生物碱具有抗炎及抗癌的作用,同时提供一种针对本发明新生物碱化合物的简便、快速、环保、纯度高的提取分离方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案。
本发明提供的四氢异喹啉类生物碱,分子式为C10H12N2O3,命名为1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol。化学结构式为:
为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明还提供一种马齿苋中四氢异喹啉类生物碱化合物的提取分离方法,具体步骤为:
步骤1、取马齿苋干燥药材,采用50%乙醇回流提取,减压回收乙醇,放凉至室温,得到药液备用;
步骤2、将步骤1中浓缩液上硅胶柱,用乙酸乙酯:乙醇洗脱,合并减压回收溶液至浸膏,得到提取物;
步骤3、将步骤2中所得提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用水、乙醇-水洗脱,将乙醇-水洗脱的显色部分合并蒸干后上ODS柱,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱检测,显色,将50%甲醇部位部分合并,减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤4、将步骤3中所得物再经SI中压柱层析分离,以乙酸乙酯等度洗脱,得到6个部位,即洗脱得6个瓶,每瓶200mL,经薄层色谱进行检测,将第一个部位50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤5、将步骤4中所得浓缩物经预处理的Sephadex LH-20,以甲醇洗脱,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得浓缩物备用;
步骤6、将步骤4中所得物经HPLC分离制备,以乙腈-水-0.1%甲酸作为流动相,检测波长为210 nm,280nm,制备得到生物碱类化合物,归一法测定纯度均为90~99%。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果。
本发明中所述马齿苋中四氢异喹啉类生物碱的分离和药理活性研究未被现有论文期刊所报道;本发明提供来源于马齿苋的四氢异喹啉类生物碱及一种针对本发明新化合物的提取分离方法,依次采用50%乙醇回流提取、硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱层析、ODS中压柱、SI中压柱、葡聚糖凝胶柱、HPLC进行分离纯化与制备成功提取分离出一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱化合物,该方法操作步骤仅为六步操作方法简便及快速,提取分离过程主要采用50%乙醇提取,工艺方法环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高大于90%,此外经研究表明该化合物具有抗炎和抗癌作用,因此本发明的一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱及其盐和衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药开发和药理活性研究的原料,亦可用于制备抗炎、抗癌的药物或的应用于保健品中。
附图说明
图1为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的高分辨质谱图。
图2为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的1H-NMR光谱图。
图3为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的13C-NMR光谱图。
图4为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的核磁共振碳谱(DEPT)光谱图。
图5为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的核磁共振1H-1H COSY光谱图。
图6为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的核磁共振HMBC光谱图。
图7为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的核磁共振HSQC光谱图。
图8为本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的核磁共振ROESY光谱图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将有助于对本发明的了解,但这些实施例仅为了对本发明加以说明,本发明并不限于这些内容。在实施例中的操作方法均为本技术领域常规操作方法。
实施例1。
本发明提供一种四氢异喹啉类生物碱类化合物,分子式为C10H12N2O3,命名为1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol。化学结构式为:
所述四氢异喹啉类生物碱类化合物根据结构命名为1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol,表1为该生物碱的核磁数据:1H-NMR与13C-NMR在MeOD-d 4中。
表1:本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的核磁数据
本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol的结构鉴定与推导。
得到的化合物为淡黄色粉末状物质,易溶于甲醇。HRESI(-)TOFMS给出m/z:209.0921 [M-H]-的准分子离子峰,分子量为209.0921。点样于硅胶薄层板后,喷稀碘化铋钾试液斑点显橘黄。从1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱来看,每处的信号都是成对存在的,这种现象可能由于该单体化合物的结构特性,发生旋转振动导致的,先以其中一组信号为准来解析此化合物,结合1H-NMR,13C-NMR以及DEPT数据,推测该化合物可能的分子式为C10H12N2O3,不饱和度为6。
根据13C-NMR谱、DEPT谱以HMBC相关谱分析可知,该化合物具有10个碳信号,分别为2个CH2(δC40.4、27.3),1个CH3(δC24.0),3个CH(δC40.4、116.2、δC114.5),4个季碳(δC126.0、129.4、145.8、146.0)。根据1H NMR、13C-NMR和HMQC光谱,化合物具有6个芳香或烯烃碳和2个单峰的氢信号,结合H-5与C-7/C-8a和H-8与C-6/C-4a的HMBC关联,证明了1,3,4,6-四取代苯环的存在。同时,HMBC光谱显示了从H-4到C-5/C-8a、H-1到C-8/C-4a、H-3到C-4/C-1的相关性,表明有一个六元环通过共享相同的碳原子(C-4a和C-8a)与苯环相连接。根据H-1ʹ与C-8a的强相关信号,证明甲基取代基存在于C-1的位置上。根据C-6(δC 146.0)和C-7(δC145.8)的低场化学位移推测分别位于C-6和C-7存在两个羟基。根据C-1(δC 59.5)和C-3(δC40.4)的低场化学位移以及UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS,推测C-1和C-3之间以N连接,根据以上信息,可以确定此四氢异喹啉类生物碱1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol的结构。
本发明还提供上述该四氢异喹啉类生物碱的提取分离方法,具体步骤为。
步骤1:称取马齿苋干燥药材150kg,采用50%乙醇回流提取,50%乙醇用量为药材的8~16倍,回流提取两次,每次2h,减压回收乙醇,放凉至室温,得药液备用。
步骤2:将步骤1中浓缩液经硅胶柱层析分离,其中硅胶为100~200目,依次用乙酸乙酯-乙醇(5/1, 4/1, 3/1, 2/1,v/v)梯度洗脱,共得到4个部位,将其合并蒸干得到2.6kg提取物。
步骤3:将步骤2中所得提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水(1/100,50/50,70/30,90/10,v/v)梯度洗脱,将70%乙醇部分蒸干。再经预处理的ODS中压柱层析分离,其中填料粒度为20~40μm,用甲醇-水(50/50,70/30,90/10v/v)洗脱(加压,使流速为1mL/min,温度为室温),将50/50部分在40℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。所述ODS的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24h,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
步骤4:将步骤3中所得物再经SI中压柱层析分离,以乙酸乙酯等度洗脱,得到6个部位(即洗脱得6个瓶,每瓶200mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,将第一个部位50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。所述SI的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24h,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
步骤5:将步骤4中所得部位经预处理的Sephadex LH-20柱层析,以甲醇等度洗脱,得到10个部位(即梯度洗脱得20个瓶,每瓶100mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将第7个部位,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,将其再次经过Sephadex LH-20柱层析,以甲醇等度洗脱,得到10个部位(即梯度洗脱得20个瓶,每瓶100mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将第4个部位,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。所述Sephadex LH-20的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24h,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
步骤6:将步骤5中所得物经HPLC分离制备,以乙腈-水-0.1%甲酸(20/80,v/v)作为流动相,检测波长为210nm,280nm,制备得到本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱类化合物,归一法测定纯度均为90~99%。
实施例2 本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的抗炎作用。
1 主要材料。
1.1 药品和试剂:实验所用新化合物由上述方法制备,纯度为98%以上,精密称取,用DMSO稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。DMEM高糖培养基、胎牛血清(美国Hyclone公司);青霉素、链霉素(杭州四季青公司);LPS(美国Sigma公司);IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE2的ELISA试剂盒(美国Cayman公司);细胞裂解液、Griess试剂(碧云天生物技术有限公司)。
1.2 细胞株:RAW264.7巨噬细胞(美国ATCC细胞库)。
1.3 分组:分为对照组、LPS组和实验组,各一组。
2 实验方法。
2.1 细胞培养,DMEM高糖培养基,加入l0%的胎牛血清,l%抗菌素(100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素),置于37.5℃,CO2培养箱中培养。
2.2 MTT比色法测定细胞活力,上述三组分别取对数生长期RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于96孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×104个/mL,每孔100μL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜后,实验组加入不同浓度的本发明新化合物(1μM~50μM),孵育1h后向LPS组和实验组分别加入终浓度为1μg/mL的LPS,另设调零组(含DMSO溶媒的培养液),每组设3个复孔,考察加入药物后对细胞的影响。上述各组细胞培养24h后,在各孔细胞中加入20μL浓度为5mg/mL的MTT,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下继续孵育4h后,终止培养,吸弃孔内液体,每孔加入100μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),振荡10min,使细胞内结晶充分溶解,酶标仪570nm波长处测定各孔吸光值。
2.3 ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和炎症介质PGE2:将对数生长期RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于24孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×105个/mL,每孔1mL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜,实验组加入本发明新化合物(1μM~20μM),培育1h后,在每孔加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL),共孵育24h,每组处理重复3孔。ELISA法测定马齿苋来源新化合物处理后的RAW264.7巨噬细胞分泌的IL-1β、TNF-α和PGE2的含量。
3 实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明含过氧键新化合物对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖无影响,安全无毒;并可有效抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7所产生过量炎症细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α和炎症介质NO、PGE2,且呈浓度依赖。
细胞相对存活率实验结果如表2所示。
表2∶本发明对RAW264.7巨噬细胞相对存活率的影响
ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和炎症介质PGE2结果如表4所示。
表3:本发明对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌的IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2含量的影响
实施例3 本发明四氢异喹啉类生物碱的抗癌作用。
1 主要材料。
1.1 药品和试剂:实验所用新化合物由上述方法制备,纯度大于98%,精密称取,用DMSO稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。DMEM高糖培养基、胎牛血清(美国Hyclone公司);青霉素、链霉素(杭州四季青公司)。
1.2 细胞株:人结肠癌细胞Caco-2、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人胃癌细胞BGC-823、人肺腺癌细胞SPC-A1、人肝癌细胞BEL-7402、人宫颈癌细胞Hela-229、卵巢癌细胞Ho-8910、人类口腔表皮样癌细胞KB(中科院上海细胞库)。
1.3 分组:分为对照组、实验组和调零组(含DMSO溶媒的培养液)。
2 实验方法。
2.1 细胞培养,DMEM高糖培养基,加入l0%的胎牛血清,l%抗菌素(100U/mL的青霉素和100μg/mL的链霉素),置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养。
2.2 MTI法检测细胞增殖,取对数生长期细胞接种于96孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×104个/mL,每孔100μL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜后,实验组加入不同浓度的本发明新化合物,每组设3个复孔,加药后置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养48h。将含药培养液吸去,加入体积比为4∶1的无血清培养液和MTT(终质量浓度为5mg/mL)共100mL,继续孵育4h,小心吸去上清液后,每孔加入150μL的DMSO,放于震荡器上震荡以使结晶完全溶解(5min),酶标仪在570nm波长下检测各孔的吸光度(A)值。然后,计算各浓度化合物对细胞生长的抑制率,抑制率公式:细胞生长抑制率=(1-A加药孔/A对照孔)×100%,再应用SPSS软件处理数据,将抑制率对药物浓度作曲线,计算IC50值。
3 实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明新化合物对人结肠癌细胞Caco-2、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人胃癌细胞BGC-823、人肺腺癌细胞SPC-A1、人肝癌细胞BEL-7402、人宫颈癌细胞Hela-229、卵巢癌细胞Ho-8910、人类口腔表皮样癌细胞KB、的增殖具有抑制作用,且随药物浓度增大,抑制率也明显升高,即呈浓度依赖。本发明新化合物对上述八种癌细胞IC50值见表5。
表4:本发明对各细胞株作用后的影响
综上所述,本发明提供特殊化合物及其提取分离方法,依次采用50%乙醇回流提取、硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱层析、ODS中压柱、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析、HPLC分离纯化,成功的分离得到,该方法简便,快速,环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高,由于所得化合物化学结构独特,从常用中药马齿苋中提取出来,其具有抗炎及抗癌作用,因此本发明特殊化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为天然产物开发中药新药或保健品,具有广阔的前景。
Claims (10)
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物的提取分离方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
步骤1:取马齿苋干燥药材,采用50%乙醇回流提取,合并滤液直接加热浓缩,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2:将步骤1中浓缩液上硅胶柱,用乙酸乙酯:乙醇洗脱,合并减压回收溶液至浸膏,得到提取物;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用水、乙醇-水洗脱,将乙醇-水洗脱的显色部分合并蒸干后上ODS柱,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱检测,显色,将50%甲醇部位部分合并,减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得物再经SI中压柱层析分离,以乙酸乙酯等度洗脱,得到6个部位,即洗脱得6个瓶,每瓶200mL,经薄层色谱进行检测,将第一个部位50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用;
步骤5:将步骤4中所得浓缩物经预处理的Sephadex LH-20,以甲醇洗脱,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得浓缩物备用;
步骤6:将步骤5中所得物经HPLC分离制备,以乙腈-水-0.1%甲酸作为流动相,检测波长为210 nm,280nm,制备得到生物碱类化合物,归一法测定纯度均为90~99%。
3.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述ODS和SI的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
4.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中硅胶层析分离依次用体积比为5:1,4:1,3:1,2:1的乙酸乙酯-乙醇梯度洗脱。
5.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中聚酰胺柱分离采用体积比为1:100,50:50,70:30,90:10的乙醇-水梯度洗脱。
6.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中所用甲醇∶水梯度洗脱中甲醇和水的体积比为50∶50,70∶30,90∶10;ODS柱的填料粒度为20~40μm。
7.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中洗脱条件为:室温下加压,使流速1mL/min。
8.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中所用乙酸乙酯洗脱程序为等度洗脱,所述步骤5中所用甲醇洗脱程序为等度洗脱。
9.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤6中所用乙腈-0.1%甲酸体积比为20:80,化合物保留时间为5.415min。
10.如权利要求1所述的从马齿苋药材中分离出的四氢异喹啉类生物碱在制备抗炎、抗癌的药物或保健品中的应用。
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