CN109104930A - A kind of regulation method of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface liquid manure - Google Patents
A kind of regulation method of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface liquid manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109104930A CN109104930A CN201810899704.5A CN201810899704A CN109104930A CN 109104930 A CN109104930 A CN 109104930A CN 201810899704 A CN201810899704 A CN 201810899704A CN 109104930 A CN109104930 A CN 109104930A
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- earth
- ridge
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- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface water-fertilizer conditioning methods, belong to orchard management technical field.Utilize impervious barrier technology artificial in the micro- conflux technology of earth's surface ridging, the dual coverage technology of mulch-stalk and earth, moisture is regulated and controled, specifically, first site preparation, then centered on every fruit tree, in trunk outer periphery ridging, short straw and mulch are covered on the platform of ridge, on the outside of the platform of ridge or artificial impervious barrier is dug in two sides.The regulating effect of water-fertilizer conditioning method combination ridging, covering and the impervious barrier technology to moisture, limited rainfall is put together, with water tune fertilizer, the local microenvironment of one " high water high fertile " is createed to root growth, effectively improve water use efficiency, it prevents the deep layer of nitrate nitrogen to accumulate, also improves the quality of apple while volume increase.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of regulation method of orchard earth's surface liquid manure.
Background technique
With the adjustment of economic development and the industrial structure, orchard production is further concentrated to eugenic area.Arid, half-dried nonirrigated farmland
Area possesses sufficient natural sunlight-heat reaources, and day and night temperature is big, is conducive to various crop growth, has advantageous condition, raw
Production have a high potential (dew etc., Wei and Lo river the research of orchard soil water regime [D] Yangling Shaanxi: Xibei Univ. of Agricultural & Forest Science & Technology,
2012:1-3).But drought-hit area water resource critical shortage, rainfall spatial and temporal distributions are uneven, and agricultural guarantor's filling rate is low, and most of orchards and nothing
Irrigation conditions keeps the yield and quality of crop all largely influenced.With the increase in planting fruit trees time and chemical fertilizer and agriculture
Medicine etc. largely uses, and the aggravation of orchard ecosystem drying kinetics, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen deep layer cause orchard ecosystem regulation occur
The problems such as ability declines (Suo Gai etc., the non-irrigated plateau technical research of orchard ecosystem water-fertilizer conditioning [D] Yangling Shaanxi in Weihe north: northwest
Agriculture and forestry science and technology university, 2014:1-6).
Traditional orchard clearly plough technology can destroy the good ecological balance in orchard, such as reduce some beneficial organisms quantity,
Destroy root system of plant, soil texture destruction, physical property deterioration, soil organic matter content and fertility decline etc..And it ploughs for a long time
Work reduces fruit dry matter, acidity increases, Storage decline；Slope garden causes earth's surface exposed using clean tillage, easily causes
Soil erosion；Clear plough of cold district aggravates orchard freeze injury, and the stripping rate of treelet is caused to get higher；Orchard hoe is also increased simultaneously
The investment of careless labour and chemical fertilizer, increasing cost, (system is ploughed clearly in the peak etc. of Zhao, reform orchard, is promoted orchard ground cover, is covered careless technology
[J] " economic forest research " 2000,18(2)).
It devotes exclusive attention to output in conclusion technology is ploughed clearly in traditional orchard due to extensive management, merely, causes the ecology in orchard
The problems such as environment is gradually fragile, and fruit industry production biennial bearing is obvious, fruit tree resistance decline, pest and disease damage aggravates, so that orchard ecology system
The health of system is affected with sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of regulation methods of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface liquid manure, using the micro- conflux skill of earth's surface ridging
Impervious barrier technology in the dual coverage technology of art, mulch-stalk and earth, regulates and controls moisture, limited rainfall is concentrated, with
Water tune fertilizer, the local microenvironment of one " high water high fertile " is built to root growth, effectively improves water use efficiency, is prevented
The only deep layer accumulation of nitrate nitrogen, improves the quality of fruit while volume increase, suitable for arid, the orchard of semiarid zone.
A kind of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface water-fertilizer conditioning method proposed by the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, site preparation: clear plough is carried out to orchard earth's surface and is handled, earth's surface weeds are removed；
Step 2, earth's surface ridging: after site preparation, centered on every fruit tree, in trunk outer periphery ridging squarely, the high 10-20 in ridge
Cm, the long 250-300 cm in ridge, fruit tree in the ranks stay the workspace of 2-3m, and ridge face is domed to be kept at an angle with ground, ridging
When first press line-spacing scribing line, then along raise soil, do ridge；
Step 3, covering mulch stalk: by the short improving straw mulching of 4-5cm long on the platform of ridge, thickness 3-5 cm, overlay capacity 2-2.5
kg·m-2, it is compacted stalk after completing, mulch is covered on stalk, ground membrane edge is buried in the earth；
Impervious barrier in step 4, earth: on the outside of abutting ridge platform or opposite sides digs 100-200cm long, 40-50cm wide, 40-50cm
Deep pit slot, flat bottom are simultaneously tamped, soil, compacting in bottom paving 5 cm thickness, repave soil, compacting (the as antiseepage of 5 cm thickness
Layer), soil is dug out in backfill；
Wherein, fertilizer can be applied in pit slot when each top dressing, or the rich water dissolved is directly injected into pit slot；In defoliation of fruit trees
The mulch on the platform of ridge is removed when suspend mode, stalk is turned over into soil, again repeatedly step 3.
Test proves by contrast, and the present invention carries out hydro-thermal regulation to the growth of fruit tree using ground mulching technology, reduces soil
The evaporation of earth surface moisture, winter improve 1-3 DEG C of ground temperature, and summer reduces 1-2 DEG C of ground temperature, reach good soil moisture conservation suppression and steam effect,
Straw-returning increases soil organic matter content, increases soil fertility；Utilize the micro- conflux technology of earth's surface ridging and impervious barrier phase in earth
In conjunction with come the spatial distribution that regulates and controls soil moisture, limited rainfall is concentrated on to the soil layer range of 20 ~ 40cm, effectively increases shallow-layer
Soil moisture content 10%, water use efficiency increases above 18%；With water tune fertilizer, it is in local root system under high water high fertile environment,
The chemical fertilizer utilization efficiency of fruit tree is improved, and improves fruit yield and quality.Through calculating, the present invention can improve output of the fruit tree 17%, list
Fruit quality 10%, percent rate of high quality fruit 8%, branch and Leaf nutrient contents also increase, and help to promote orchard worker's economic benefit, reach high
High-quality and efficient target is produced, the harmony that production of fruit trees technology, orchard worker's income and orchard environment may be implemented is sustainable
Development.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of the method for the present invention.In figure, 1- impervious barrier, 2- pit slot, 3- mulch, 4- stalk, the ridge 5-
Platform.
Specific embodiment
A drought-hit area orchard use water-fertilizer conditioning method of the invention, by specific embodiment to embodiment of the present invention into
Row detailed description, Fig. 1 are to implement schematic diagram of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, site preparation: clear plough is carried out to orchard earth's surface and is handled, earth's surface weeds are removed；
Step 2, earth's surface ridging: after site preparation, centered on each tree, the surrounding ridging squarely on the outside of trunk, high 20 cm in ridge,
Long 300 cm, fruit tree in the ranks stay the workspace of 2m, and ridge face is domed, are kept at an angle with ground, and when ridging first presses line-spacing
Scribing line, then along raise soil, do ridge；
Step 3, covering mulch straw: the straw of 4-5cm long covers on ridge platform 5, cladding thickness 4-5cm, dosage about 2.5
kg·m-2, it is compacted straw after completing, mulch 3 is covered on straw, mulch selects the colourless polyethylene modeling of 0.015 mm of thickness
Expect water-permeable membrane, ground membrane edge is buried in the earth；
Impervious barrier in step 4, earth: it is being close to dig the deep pit slot of 200cm long, 50cm wide, 50cm on the outside of the platform of ridge, flat bottom is simultaneously rammed
Real, in order to avoid earth material is dried and influences filled soils, soil layer, compacting in bottom paving 5 cm thickness repave the soil of 5 cm thickness, ram
It is real, become impervious barrier 1, soil is dug out in backfill；
Wherein, fertilizer can be applied in pit slot when each top dressing, or the rich water dissolved is directly injected into；In defoliation of fruit trees suspend mode
The mulch on the platform of ridge is removed when the phase, stalk is turned over to soil, again repeatedly step 3.
After tested, winter ground temperature improves 2.1 DEG C, and summer ground temperature reduces by 1.3 DEG C, and water use efficiency increases by 23.9%, improves
Output of the fruit tree 24.8%, fruit mass 14.3%, percent rate of high quality fruit 12.2%.
Embodiment 2
250 cm, the workspace 3m of fruit tree in the ranks are grown with the difference of embodiment 1: high 10 cm in ridge, ridge in step 2；Step
Cornstalk is used in 3；It is being close to the deep pit slot of ridge platform opposite sides digging 100cm long, 40cm wide, 40cm in step 4；Remaining processing
It is same as Example 1.
After tested, winter ground temperature improves 1.0 DEG C, and summer ground temperature reduces by 1 DEG C, and water use efficiency increases by 18.3%, improves fruit
Set yield 18.2%, fruit mass 23.4%, percent rate of high quality fruit 8.8%.
Embodiment 3
270 cm, the workspace 2.5m of fruit tree in the ranks are grown with the difference of embodiment 1: high 15 cm in ridge, ridge in step 2；Step
Rapid 4 are being close to dig the deep pit slot of 150cm long, 45cm wide, 45cm on the outside of the platform of ridge；Remaining processing is same as Example 1.
After tested, winter ground temperature improves 1.8 DEG C, and summer ground temperature reduces by 1.2 DEG C, and water use efficiency increases by 23.0%, improves
Output of the fruit tree 17.5%, fruit mass 12.7%, percent rate of high quality fruit 16.7%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface water-fertilizer conditioning method, which is characterized in that first site preparation, the surrounding ridging on the outside of trunk, on ridge
Straw and mulch are covered on platform, and on the outside of the platform of ridge or opposite sides grooving, rammed earth is backfilled in slot as artificial impervious barrier.
2. regulation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
Step 1 site preparation: clear plough is carried out to orchard earth's surface and is handled, earth's surface weeds are removed；
Step 2 earth's surface ridging: after site preparation, the point centered on every fruit tree, the surrounding ridging on the outside of trunk, high 10-20 cm in ridge,
The long 250-300 cm in ridge, orchard in the ranks leave the workspace of 2-3m, and ridge face is domed, and when ridging first presses line-spacing scribing line, then along
Raise soil, do ridge；
Step 3 covers mulch stalk: by the improving straw mulching of 4-5cm long on the platform of ridge, thickness 3-5 cm, overlay capacity 2-2.5 kg
m-2, it is compacted stalk after completing, mulch is covered on stalk, ground membrane edge is buried in the earth；
Artificial impervious barrier in step 4 earth: on the outside of abutting ridge platform or opposite sides digs 100-200cm long, 40-50cm wide, 40-
The pit slot of 50cm depth, flat bottom are simultaneously tamped, and soil, compacting in bottom paving 5 cm thickness repave the soil of 5 cm thickness, compacting becomes
Soil is dug out in impervious barrier, backfill；
Wherein, fertilizer can be applied in the pit slot that artificial impervious barrier is taken when each top dressing, or the rich water dissolved is direct
Inject pit slot；The mulch on alley platform is removed in defoliation of fruit trees dormant period, stalk is turned over into soil, again repeatedly step
3。
3. regulation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the ridge in the step 2 is round, rectangle or pros
Shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810899704.5A CN109104930A (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | A kind of regulation method of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface liquid manure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810899704.5A CN109104930A (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | A kind of regulation method of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface liquid manure |
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| CN109104930A true CN109104930A (en) | 2019-01-01 |
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| CN201810899704.5A Pending CN109104930A (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | A kind of regulation method of drought-hit area orchard earth's surface liquid manure |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109832060A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-04 | 梅州市梅县区农业科学研究所 | Fruit tree hayashishita resists the device of bad climate |
| CN111837557A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Fertilizing method for managing dry land orchard based on ditch fertilizer water storage |
| CN112514774A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 山西省蚕业科学研究院 | Rain-collecting infiltrating irrigation method for fruit trees in dry farming area |
-
2018
- 2018-08-09 CN CN201810899704.5A patent/CN109104930A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109832060A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-04 | 梅州市梅县区农业科学研究所 | Fruit tree hayashishita resists the device of bad climate |
| CN109832060B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2024-05-31 | 梅州市梅县区农业科学研究所 | Device for resisting bad weather under fruit tree forest |
| CN111837557A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Fertilizing method for managing dry land orchard based on ditch fertilizer water storage |
| CN112514774A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 山西省蚕业科学研究院 | Rain-collecting infiltrating irrigation method for fruit trees in dry farming area |
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