CN109094352B - 具有cvt的混合动力系统 - Google Patents

具有cvt的混合动力系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109094352B
CN109094352B CN201710470132.4A CN201710470132A CN109094352B CN 109094352 B CN109094352 B CN 109094352B CN 201710470132 A CN201710470132 A CN 201710470132A CN 109094352 B CN109094352 B CN 109094352B
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Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
cvt
hybrid system
synchronizer
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CN201710470132.4A
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CN109094352A (zh
Inventor
张鸿喜
董辰飞
陈映杰
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Priority to CN201710470132.4A priority Critical patent/CN109094352B/zh
Priority to DE112018003137.3T priority patent/DE112018003137T5/de
Priority to PCT/CN2018/090672 priority patent/WO2018233507A1/zh
Priority to US16/623,737 priority patent/US11198354B2/en
Publication of CN109094352A publication Critical patent/CN109094352A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有CVT的混合动力系统，其中，所述混合动力系统还具有内燃机，电动机和设在内燃机与CVT之间的离合器，其特征在于，所述混合动力系统还具有设在内燃机与电动机之间的同步装置，借助所述同步装置和离合器能够将所述混合动力系统在如下状态之间切换：将内燃机的输出轴经由CVT与电动机轴相连接的状态，和将内燃机的输出轴在不经由CVT的情况下与电动机轴相连接的状态。

Description

具有CVT的混合动力系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有CVT的混合动力系统，其中，所述混合动力系统还具有内燃机，电动机和设在内燃机与CVT之间的离合器。
现有技术
节能和环保是当今汽车技术发展的两大主题，所以更省油和更环保的无极变速器(CVT)和混合动力系统得到了广泛的应用，并在产业化进程上发展迅速。
混合动力系统通常包括内燃机(ICE)和电动机(E-Motor)两种驱动装置，在这两种驱动装置之间可以实现平顺地切换。在现有技术中，其模式切换通常由电磁离合器实现，但该装置结构复杂、制造成本较高。在专利文献CN 106143105A中描述了一种借助同步器实现混合动力系统的驱动模式切换的方法，使得内燃机和电动机都能在高效率区间工作。
CVT变速箱可以根据内燃机工况合理选择最适当的传动比，让车辆在各个车速时都能达到极好的燃油经济性，而且CVT由于没有自动变速箱较复杂的行星齿轮等结构，使得其整体构造简单，体积更小。但是，CVT机械效率较低，由于采用链条(或皮带等)传动，所以能承受的最大扭矩偏小。因此，在现有技术中，为解决这个问题会使用一种“转接装置”，在内燃机输出较大扭矩时(比如转速较大时)，该“转接装置”使得内燃机的输出功率不通过CVT直接向混合动力系统输出。目前所使用的“转接装置”结构都很复杂，而且也不适合应用在混合动力系统中。
发明内容
因此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种具有CVT的混合动力系统，该系统能够实现混合动力车辆的所有功能并且在各个运行模式之间进行简单的切换，同时能够简单地和平顺地将CVT系统停用，从而提高系统效率。
所述技术问题通过一种具有CVT的混合动力系统所解决，其中，所述混合动力系统具有设在内燃机与电动机之间的同步装置，借助所述同步装置和设在内燃机与CVT之间的离合器能够将所述混合动力系统在如下状态之间切换：将内燃机的输出轴经由CVT与电动机轴相连接的状态，和将内燃机的输出轴在不经由CVT的情况下与电动机轴相连接的状态。
根据本发明，只通过离合器和同步装置就能够在需要时简单地将CVT停用，同时只需要借助同步装置和离合器的开关就能够在纯内燃机驱动模式，纯电动机驱动模式，混合动力模式，内燃机启停模式，充电模式和能量回收模式之间进行切换。这种混合动力系统的结构简单，大大降低了制造成本，并且提高了系统效率。
根据本发明的一个实施例，同步装置包括设在内燃机与CVT之间的第一同步器和设在CVT与电动机之间的第二同步器。
根据本发明的实施例，第一同步器能够在将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相连接的闭合状态和将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相断开的断开状态之间切换；第二同步器能够在将CVT输出轴与电动机轴相连接的闭合状态和将CVT输出轴与电动机轴相断开的断开状态之间切换。
因此，通过第一同步器、第二同步器和离合器的切换配合，可以使得该混合动力系统以不同的驱动模式运行。在需要时，能够停用CVT并且将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴连接。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，同步装置还包括：连接在第一同步器与电动机轴之间以帮助将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相连接的第一连接装置，和/或连接在第二同步器与电动机轴之间以帮助将CVT的输出轴与电动机轴相连接的第二连接装置。所述连接装置尤其是齿轮连接装置。
根据本发明的一个实施例，当离合器处于闭合或者滑摩状态，第一同步器处于断开状态并且第二同步器处于闭合状态，内燃机的输出轴与CVT的输入轴相连接，CVT的输出轴与电动机轴相连接，从而使混合动力系统处于将内燃机的输出轴经由CVT与电动机轴相连接的状态，即将CVT接入到了系统中。
在这种连接情况下，如果电动机没有被启动，则系统只靠内燃机通过CVT驱动车辆，从而车辆以纯内燃机驱动模式运行。这种模式比较适合于车辆刚刚被内燃机启动或者处于低速运行时的状态；在这种连接情况下，如果混合动力系统在被内燃机驱动时启动电动机，则混合动力系统随后借助内燃机和电动机通过CVT输出驱动力，从而以混合动力模式工作。在这种混合动力模式下，电动机能够通过CVT调节内燃机的工作点，从而使得内燃机在更高效的区间内工作；在这种连接情况下，如果电动机启动并输出驱动力，则通过这种连接方式能够使得电动机启动内燃机，从而混合动力系统以启停模式工作。在这种模式下，离合器的状态可以为闭合或者滑摩。随后，车辆能够进入到混合动力模式或者纯内燃机驱动模式(关闭电动机)。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，当离合器处于断开状态，第一同步器处于闭合状态并且第二同步器处于断开状态，则CVT被停用，所述混合动力系统处于将内燃机的输出轴在不经由CVT的情况下与电动机轴相连接的状态。
在这种连接情况下，如果电动机没有被启动，则混合动力系统借助内燃机不通过CVT直接输出驱动力，从而以纯内燃机驱动模式工作。这种模式比较适合于车辆处于高速运行中并且内燃机的转速在高效区的情况，由于CVT机械效率较低并且不能承受太大的扭矩，所以内燃机借助同步装置和离合器不经由CVT驱动车辆，从而提高了系统效率；在这种连接情况下，在内燃机运行时启动电动机，使得车辆以混合动力模式运行，由此电动机也能够调节内燃机的工作点；在这种连接情况下，在混合动力系统静止时，例如停车或驻车时，能够使得混合动力系统以启停模式或者以充电模式工作：在启停模式下，电动机轴直接地或者通过连接装置转动内燃机轴，从而启动内燃机；在充电模式下，内燃机的输出轴直接地或者通过连接装置转动电动机轴，从而对电动机进行充电。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，当离合器、第一同步器和第二同步器都处于断开状态时，内燃机和CVT都被停用，即，都没有被接入到混合动力系统中。
在这种连接情况下，电动机轴利用齿轮传动装置、尤其两个齿轮对与差速器相连，从而混合动力系统能够以纯电动机驱动模式和能量回收模式工作。当需要动力时，电动机通过电动机轴驱动车辆运行；当需要减速或制动时，车轮通过差速器和齿轮传动装置驱动电动机轴转动，从而进行发电使得电动机回收多余的动能。
附图说明
根据如下附图对实施例的说明，可以获得本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图为：
图1：根据本发明的混合动力系统的结构简图；
图2：混合动力系统通过CVT以纯内燃机驱动模式运行时的能量流动图；
图3：混合动力系统不通过CVT以纯内燃机驱动模式运行时的能量流动图；
图4：混合动力系统以纯电动机驱动模式运行时的能量流动图；
图5：混合动力系统以混合动力模式运行时的能量流动图；
图6：混合动力系统在静止情况下以启停模式运行时的能量流动图；
图7：混合动力系统在运行情况下以启停模式运行时的能量流动图；
图8：混合动力系统运行充电模式时的能量流动图；
图9：混合动力系统以能量回收模式运行时的能量流动图；
图10：根据本发明的混合动力系统的各个状态之间转换的示意图。
对于本发明的相同的或者功能相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。此外，出于需要清楚显示的原因在单个附图中只示出用于描述相应附图所需的附图标记。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，根据本发明的混合动力系统主要包括CVT 1，离合器2，内燃机4，电动机6，差速器7和同步装置3、5，其中，离合器2设在内燃机和CVT之间，同步装置3、5设在内燃机和电动机之间。
在这个实施例中，同步装置3、5包括两个同步器A、B以及齿轮连接装置8。同步器A被安置在离合器2与内燃机之间，并且同步器A能够在将齿轮连接装置8与电动机轴相连接和相断开之间进行切换；另外的同步器B被安置在CVT与电动机6之间，并且另外的同步器B能够在将CVT输出轴和电动机轴相连接和相断开之间进行切换。
在本实施例中，混合动力系统只需要借助同步装置和离合器的开关就能够简单地和平顺地在纯内燃机驱动模式，纯电动机驱动模式，混合动力模式，内燃机启停模式，充电模式和能量回收模式之间进行切换。
在图2中示出车辆通过CVT以纯内燃机驱动模式运行时的能量流动图。此时，车辆刚启动或者以低速运行。在这种情况下，离合器2被闭合，同步器A断开，因而内燃机的输出轴与CVT的输入轴相连接；同步器B闭合，CVT的输出轴与电动机轴相连接。此时，电动机6没有被启动，系统只靠内燃机通过CVT 1驱动车辆。
在图3中示出车辆不通过CVT以纯内燃机驱动模式运行时的能量流动图，此时，车辆高速运行，内燃机的转速处于高效区。在这种情况下，离合器2被断开，同步器A闭合，因而内燃机的输出轴与齿轮连接装置8相连接；同步器B断开，CVT的输出轴与电动机轴断开连接，而齿轮连接装置8与电动机轴相连接。此时，电动机6没有被启动，系统只靠内燃机不通过CVT直接驱动车辆。
在图4中示出车辆以纯电动机驱动模式运行时的能量流动图，此时，离合器2、同步器A和同步器B都被断开，只靠电动机6驱动车辆。
在图5中示出车辆以混合动力模式运行时的能量流动图。在图5所示的两个附图(左图和右图)中，离合器和同步器A、B的连接方式分别与图2和图3中所示的情况相同。区别在于：在图5中所示的情况，电动机都被启动了。因此，系统无论是否通过CVT、都需要内燃机和电动机共同工作来驱动车辆。因为内燃机的输出轴通过CVT或者不通过CVT都是与电动机轴相连接，所以电动机能够调节内燃机的输出扭矩，即，能够调节内燃机工作点，使得内燃机处于更好的效率区间。
在图6中示出车辆在静止情况下以启停模式运行时的能量流动图。在这种情况下，车辆处于静止状态，内燃机4没有被启动，将离合器2断开，同步器A闭合和另外的同步器B断开，即，电动机轴通过齿轮连接装置8与内燃机轴相连接。电动机启动，随后通过连接、驱动内燃机轴以启动内燃机。因此，在这种模式下，通过电动机可以启动内燃机。
在图7中示出车辆在运行情况下以启停模式运行时的另外一种情况的能量流动图。在这种情况下，例如由电动机启动并在初始阶段驱动机构车的情况，车辆处于运行状态，内燃机4没有工作，此时将离合器处于滑摩或者闭合状态，同步器A断开和另外的同步器B闭合，即，电动机轴通过CVT和离合器与内燃机轴连接，并且电动机轴这时还通过齿轮对与差速器连接。因此，电动机启动内燃机，随后车辆可以进入混合动力模式或者纯内燃机驱动模式(开闭电动机)。
在图8中示出车辆运行充电模式时的能量流动图。在这种情况下，车辆处于静止状态，将离合器断开，同步器A闭合和另外的同步器B断开，即内燃机输出轴通过齿轮连接装置与电动机轴连接。因此，内燃机轴转动电动机轴，从而使得电动机被充电。
在图9中示出车辆以能量回收模式运行时的能量流动图。在这种情况下，车辆处于减速或制动状态，将离合器2、同步器A和另外的同步器B都断开，使得差速器通过齿轮对与电动机轴相连接。车轮通过差速器驱动电动机轴，从而将车辆多余的动能转化为电能，存储在电机中。
在图10中示出根据本发明的混合系统的各个状态之间转换的示意图。在内燃机(ICE)关闭的情况下，车辆从静止状态可以被电动机起动，并且在低速时只由电动机驱动(此时，离合器和同步器都被断开)，随后闭合离合器或者使得离合器处于滑摩状态，断开同步器A和闭合同步器B，电动机可以通过CVT启动内燃机。因此，车辆进入混合动力模式。在该模式下，电动机通过CVT可以调节内燃机的工作点，使得内燃机处于更高效的区间内。当车辆进入高速状态或者转速进入高效区时，通过断开离合器、闭合同步器A并且断开同步器B，使得CVT被停用，从而内燃机通过连接装置与电动机轴连接，车辆借助内燃机和电动机不通过CVT运行。在该模式下，电动机通过连接装置仍可以调节内燃机的工作点。如果这时关闭电动机，则车辆以纯内燃机驱动模式运行。当车辆需要减速或者制动时，将离合器和同步器都断开，车轮通过差速器和齿轮对能够转动电动机轴，从而使得电动机发电，将多余的动能转化为电能，实现能量回收模式。
虽然在上述说明中示例性地描述了可能的实施例，但是应该理解到，仍然通过所有已知的和此外技术人员容易想到的技术特征和实施方式的组合存在大量实施例的变化。此外还应该理解到，示例性的实施方式仅仅作为一个例子，这种实施例绝不以任何形式限制本发明的保护范围、应用和构造。通过前述说明更多地是向技术人员提供一种用于转化至少一个示例性实施方式的技术指导，其中，只要不脱离权利要求书的保护范围，便可以进行各种改变，尤其是关于所述部件的功能和结构方面的改变。例如，在前述实施例中，同步装置由两个同步器和与同步器A连接的连接装置构成，但是，这只是示例，本领域技术人员可以理解的是，只要能实现将CVT接通和停用功能的同步装置都是可以考虑的，比如，同步器B通过连接装置将CVT输出轴与电动机轴相连接，或者同步器A通过第一连接装置将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相连接并且同步器B通过第二连接装置将CVT输出轴与电动机轴相连接，也都在本发明的保护范围之内。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
附图标记列表
1 CVT(无极变速器)
2 离合器
3 同步装置
4 内燃机
5 同步装置
6 电动机
7 差速器
8 齿轮连接装置
A 同步器
B 同步器

Claims (13)

1.一种具有CVT的混合动力系统，其中，所述混合动力系统还具有内燃机，电动机和设在内燃机与CVT之间的离合器，其特征在于，所述混合动力系统还具有设在内燃机与电动机之间的同步装置，借助所述同步装置和离合器能够将所述混合动力系统至少切换至如下状态：将内燃机的输出轴经由CVT与电动机轴相连接的状态，和将内燃机的输出轴在不经由CVT的情况下与电动机轴相连接的状态,所述同步装置包括设在内燃机与CVT之间的第一同步器和设在CVT与电动机之间的第二同步器，所述第一同步器能够在将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相连接的闭合状态和将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相断开的断开状态之间切换,所述第二同步器能够在将CVT输出轴与电动机轴相连接的闭合状态和将CVT输出轴与电动机轴相断开的断开状态之间切换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，将离合器闭合或者处于滑摩状态，第一同步器处于断开状态并且第二同步器处于闭合状态，则内燃机的输出轴与CVT的输入轴相连接，CVT的输出轴与电动机轴相连接，从而使所述混合动力系统处于将内燃机的输出轴经由CVT与电动机轴相连接的状态。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，如果电动机没有被启动，则所述混合动力系统借助于内燃机通过CVT输出驱动力，从而以纯内燃机驱动模式工作。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，如果在内燃机工作时启动电动机，则所述混合动力系统借助内燃机和电动机通过CVT输出驱动力，从而以混合动力模式工作。
5.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，如果电动机启动并输出驱动力，则能够使得电动机启动内燃机，从而以启停模式工作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，将离合器断开，第一同步器处于闭合状态并且第二同步器处于断开状态，则所述混合动力系统处于将内燃机的输出轴在不经由CVT的情况下与电动机轴相连接的状态。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，如果电动机没有被启动，则所述混合动力系统借助于内燃机不通过CVT直接输出驱动力，从而以纯内燃机驱动模式工作。
8.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，如果在内燃机工作时启动电动机，则所述混合动力系统借助内燃机和电动机通过CVT输出驱动力，从而以混合动力模式工作。
9.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，在所述混合动力系统静止时，如果电动机轴转动内燃机的输出轴，则所述混合动力系统以启停模式工作，或者如果内燃机的输出轴转动电动机轴，则所述混合动力系统以充电模式运行。
10.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，将离合器处于断开状态、第一同步器处于断开状态并且第二同步器处于断开状态，则内燃机和CVT都被停用，从而所述混合动力系统能够以纯电动机驱动模式或者能量回收模式工作。
11.根据权利要求4或8所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，电动机在混合动力模式下能够调节内燃机的工作点。
12.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，还包括：连接在第一同步器与电动机轴之间以帮助将内燃机的输出轴与电动机轴相连接的第一连接装置，和/或连接在第二同步器与电动机轴之间以帮助将CVT的输出轴与电动机轴相连接的第二连接装置。
13.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述混合动力系统还具有差速器，其中，电动机轴借助两个齿轮组与所述差速器相连。
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