CN105916717A - Cvt驱动系和用于其运行的方法 - Google Patents

Cvt驱动系和用于其运行的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105916717A
CN105916717A CN201480073632.9A CN201480073632A CN105916717A CN 105916717 A CN105916717 A CN 105916717A CN 201480073632 A CN201480073632 A CN 201480073632A CN 105916717 A CN105916717 A CN 105916717A
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Prior art keywords
clutch
cvt
drivetrain
secondary drive
gear
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Granted
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CN201480073632.9A
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CN105916717B (zh
Inventor
B·瓦尔特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H37/022—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing the toothed gearing having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种CVT驱动系，其具有能无级式调整的变换器(10)并且具有布置在初级驱动侧上的变速器输入轴(27)，起动装置(5)和次级驱动装置(32)相对于所述变速器输入轴共轴地布置，特别地一个电机(36)代表次级驱动装置(32)。本发明的特征在于第一附加离合器(29)和第二附加离合器(35)，所述第一附加离合器用于使所述次级驱动装置(32)与直接挡传动级(30)耦合，所述第二附加离合器用于与变换器输入部耦合。

Description

CVT驱动系和用于其运行的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CVT驱动系，其具有能无级式调整的变换器和具有布置在初级驱动侧上的变速器输入轴，起动装置和次级驱动装置(特别地一个电机代表次级驱动装置)相对于所述变速器输入轴共轴地布置。此外，本发明涉及一种用于运行这类CVT驱动系的方法。
背景技术
从国际公开文献WO 2011/127892 A1已知一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的混合动力车辆，具有电机和锥盘带式变速器，其中，起动离合器和电机布置在转矩感测器径向外部。由欧洲专利文献EP 0 908 343 B1已知不同的实施方式的混合动力系统，其具有内燃机和马达/发电机以及无限可变的变速器。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，简化或者改进CVT驱动系的结构和/或运行，所述CVT驱动系具有能无级式调整的变换器和具有布置在初级驱动侧上的变速器输入轴，起动装置和次级驱动装置相对于所述变速器输入轴共轴地布置。
在一种CVT驱动系中，其具有能无级式调整的变换器和具有布置在初级驱动侧上的变速器输入轴，起动装置和次级驱动装置(特别地一个电机代表次级驱动装置)相对于所述变速器输入轴共轴地布置，该任务通过第一附加离合器和第二附加离合器解决，所述第一附加离合器用于使次级驱动装置与直接挡传动级耦合，所述第二附加离合器用于与变换器输入部耦合。优选地，起动装置涉及起动离合器。例如起动离合器实施为多片式离合器。根据本发明的CVT驱动系尤其提供这样的优点：次级驱动装置的力流根据转速可与初级驱动装置的力流并行地被引导到配备有该CVT驱动系的机动车的驱动车轮上。优选地，初级驱动装置涉及内燃机，所述内燃机也被称为内燃发动机。优选地，次级驱动装置涉及电机、例如电动机和/或发电机。根据本发明的另一个方面，该CVT驱动系借助分开的变换器分支可用于车辆或者说驱动车轮的驱动。根据本发明的另一方面，配备有该CVT驱动系的混合动力车辆的混合动力电池可在混合动力车辆站停的情况下用初级驱动装置通过次级驱动装置充电。根据本发明的另一方面，制动力矩或者说滑移力矩在回收运行时不通过变换器引导。
该CVT驱动系的一个优选实施例的特征在于，这两个附加离合器布置在变换器输入侧上。在前部-横向布置的情况下，这尤其被证明是有利的。在纵向布置的情况下，可为有利的是，第一附加离合器布置在变换器输出侧上，而第二附加离合器布置在变速器输入侧上。
该CVT驱动系的另一个优选实施例的特征在于，这两个附加离合器实施为形锁合的离合器。例如这两个附加离合器可实施为爪齿离合器。
该CVT驱动系的另一个优选实施例的特征在于，起动装置在初级驱动侧上布置在第二附加离合器和旋转振动减振器之间。在初级驱动侧上的旋转振动减振器有利地用于使在尤其内燃机或者说内燃发动机的初级驱动装置运行时出现的不期望的旋转振动与CVT驱动系脱耦。由此防止由于转动不均匀性引起的在CVT驱动系中的不期望的损害。
该CVT驱动系的另一个优选实施例的特征在于，第二附加离合器布置在次级驱动装置的径向内部。第二附加离合器有利地与起动离合器一起布置在次级驱动装置的径向内部。在此，第二附加离合器特别有利地在轴向方向上与次级驱动装置重叠地布置。特别有利地，不仅起动离合器而且第二附加离合器在轴向方向上与次级驱动装置完全重叠地布置。
该CVT驱动系的另一个优选实施例的特征在于，第三附加离合器在输出侧上配属给变换器输出部。优选地，第三附加离合器也实施为形锁合的离合器、例如实施为爪齿离合器。第三附加离合器可配属给一个子离合器，该子离合器用于实现所谓的多范围CVT变速器。根据本发明的另一方面，该子离合器在无需机械式转动方向反转装置的情况下实施。
该CVT驱动系的另一个优选实施例的特征在于，直接挡传动级实施为用于两范围CVT的转换挡位和/或实施为纯电动的行驶挡位。特别有利地，直接挡传动级不仅实施为用于两范围CVT的转换挡位而且实施为纯电动的行驶挡位。
该CVT驱动系的另一个优选实施例的特征在于，次级驱动装置直接与辅助从动装置耦合。这尤其提供这样的优点：例如在商用车的情况下，在车辆站停的情况下可通过次级驱动装置来运行辅助单元。替代地或者附加地，辅助单元可通过初级驱动装置运行。辅助单元例如涉及液压泵或者压缩机。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于运行之前所述的CVT驱动系的方法。在本发明的框架下，用CVT来表示无级变速器，其中，字母CVT代表Continuously Variable Transmission(无级变速器)。在此，例如涉及一种能无级式调整的锥盘带式变速器。
所述方法的一个优选实施例的特征在于，在多范围CVT变速器的运行范围(低/高)之间转换的情况下通过直接挡传动级以驱动方式使用次级驱动装置，以便减小或者消除不希望的牵引力中断。由此可以提高在配备有该CVT驱动系的混合动力车辆运行时的行驶舒适性。
附图说明
从以下的说明得出本发明的其他优点、特征和细节，在所述说明中参照附图详细地说明不同的实施例。附图示出：
图1根据第一实施例的、在前部-横向布置中的CVT驱动系的简化示图；
图2与图1中类似的、在纵向布置中的CVT驱动系，以及
图3按照本发明的方法的一个实施例的、根据本发明的CVT驱动系的传动比特征线。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中简化地示出在不同的实施例中的、根据本发明的CVT驱动系1；41。以下首先探讨不同的实施例的共同点。接下来和在其间阐释两个实施例之间的区别。
CVT驱动系1；41包括初级驱动装置3；43。初级驱动装置3；43涉及例如内燃机，在使用在机动车中时所述内燃机也被称为内燃发动机。
此外，CVT驱动系1；41包括次级驱动装置32；72。配备有CVT驱动系1；41和这两个驱动装置3；43和32；72的机动车也被称为混合动力车辆。所述混合动力车辆涉及例如商用车。
混合动力车辆的起动由起动装置5；45实现。通过起动装置5；45将转矩从初级驱动装置3；43传递到起动输出件6；46。起动输出件6；46与变换器10；50的变换器输入部驱动式连接或者说能驱动式连接。
变换器10；50包括驱动侧锥盘组11；51和输出侧锥盘组12；52。这两个锥盘组11；51，12；52通过仅仅暗示的带式传动件13；53相互耦合。所述带式传动件13；53涉及例如专门的链。
通过这两个锥盘组11；51和12；52可无级地调整在初级驱动装置和从动装置15；55之间的传动比。从动装置15；55包括至少一个驱动车轮(未示出)。
通常，从动装置15；55包括至少两个驱动车轮。在图1中，差速器16用于将所提供的转矩分配到这两个驱动车轮上，所述差速器也被称为补偿变速器。在图1中的差速器16包括正齿轮18。
差速器16的正齿轮18处于与子变速器20的子变速器输出部齿轮19的啮合中，如在图1中见到的，子变速器20配属给从动侧的锥盘组12上的变换器输出部。
旋转振动减振器22；62配属给CVT驱动系1；41的初级驱动装置3；43。旋转振动减振器22；62布置在初级驱动装置3；43和起动装置5；45之间。在图1和2中，起动装置5；45实施为起动离合器24；64。所述起动离合器24；64涉及湿式运行的多片式离合器。
旋转振动减振器22；62的输入件25；65与初级驱动装置3；43的曲轴抗扭转地连接。一方面，旋转振动减振器22；62的输出件26；66为起动离合器24；64的输入部。另一方面，旋转振动减振器22；62的输出件26；66与变速器输入轴27；67抗扭转地连接。即，在旋转振动减振器22；62连接其间的情况下，变速器输入轴27；67以驱动方式与初级驱动装置3；43的曲轴连接。
直接切换级或者直接挡传动级30；70的切换装置29；69为根据本发明的CVT驱动系1；41的第一附加离合器。通过箭头31；71表明，直接切换级30；70用于跨接变换器10；50。直接切换级30；70附接在次级驱动装置32；72上。
在图1中所示出的CVT驱动系1中，齿轮28通过连接件33附接在形成次级驱动装置32的电机36上。形成次级驱动装置32的电机36可以通过连接件33、齿轮28和直接切换级或者直接挡传动级30直接地、即从变换器10旁经过地与差速器16的正齿轮18连接以便传递转矩。
此外，切换装置35的离合器输入件34通过连接件33附接在形成次级驱动装置32的电机36上。切换装置35为第二附加离合器。为传递转矩，起动离合器24的起动输出件6可以通过第二附加离合器35与形成次级驱动装置32的电机36连接。
子变速器20包括行星齿轮变速器和切换装置38。切换装置38实现在第一范围(低)和第二范围(高)之间的转换。通过切换装置38可在变换器输出部上形成两个运行范围。在此，切换装置38为第三附加离合器。
在图1和2中所示出的CVT驱动系1和41中，形成次级驱动装置32；72的电机36；76相对于起动离合器24；64同中心或者说同轴地布置，所述起动离合器也被称为主起动离合器。此外，形成次级驱动装置32；72的电机36；76相对于变速器输入轴27；67同中心或者说同轴地布置。
主起动离合器24；64布置在电机36；76的内部。电机36；76可以通过第一附加离合器29；69和直接挡传动级30；70与驱动车轮连接或者通过第二附加离合器35；75与内燃发动机分支连接，即与初级驱动装置3；43连接。因此，可实现内燃发动机分支和电动机分支朝向混合动力车辆的驱动车轮的并行的并且也彼此独立的力流。
优选地，附加离合器29，35；69，75实施为成本有利的爪齿离合器。借助于附加离合器29，35；69，75，电动机或者说电机36；76可同时以不同的马达转速效率优化地驱动驱动车轮。在回收制动能量时，所述制动能量可在变换器10；50没有附加负载的情况下通过直接级30；70引导至电动机36；76。同样，可借助于电动机36；76附加地通过直接级30；70将转矩引导(推进)到驱动车轮，而不使变换器10；50附加地负载。
由于主起动离合器24；64布置在第二附加离合器35；75和初级驱动装置3；43的旋转振动减振器22；62之间，例如在回收驱动车轮的制动能量时，主起动离合器24；64可用作初级驱动装置3；43的分离离合器(Abtrennkupplung)。因此不需要附加的分离离合器。
由于附加离合器35；75布置在电机36；76的径向内部，实现尤其安装空间有利的总体变速器布置。
由于形成从动侧分离离合器的第三附加离合器38；78，当要仅仅借助于电动机分支通过直接挡传动级30；70行驶时，变换器10；50能以简单的方式在从动侧脱耦。此外变换器10；50则可与驱动侧的附加离合器35；75一起完全被带至停止状态，以便特别成本有利地行驶。如果电机36；76在车辆不动的情况下要通过内燃机分支作为发电机运行，则在变换器10；50之后的从动侧分离离合器38；78根据结构配置也是必需的或者说有利的。
可通过省去可用于形成倒车挡的转动方向反转单元来节省成本。此外，可安装空间更有利且更容易地形成变速器。通过形成第三附加离合器的、从动侧的分离离合器37；38可在混合动力车辆不动的情况下有利地给混合动力车辆的混合动力电池充电。例如，在紧急情况下，当混合动力电池意外地放空并且车辆仅仅能够电动地向后行驶时，这是必需的。
在图2中所示出的CVT驱动系41涉及例如商用车、尤其载重车的驱动系。变速器输出轴56布置在从动侧上。变速器输出轴56通过齿轮级58附接到变换器输出部57上。齿轮级58可通过第三附加离合器78与变速器输出侧56连接，以便传递转矩。
在图2中，不同于在图1中所示出的CVT驱动系1，子变速器60布置变换器50的输入侧上。此外，子变速器60不实施为行星齿轮变速器而实施为固定级变速器。此外，与在图1中所示出的CVT驱动系1相同地，子变速器60用于形成低和高两个运行范围。
在图2中，直接切换级或者直接挡传动级70通过齿轮77和如由箭头63所标明的这样通过附加轴68附接到变速器输出轴56上，如由箭头71标明。齿轮77通过连接件73附接到形成次级驱动装置72的电机76上。此外，直接挡传动级70如在图1中所示出的CVT驱动系1这样起作用。
此外，切换装置75的离合器输入件74通过连接件73附接到形成次级驱动装置72的电机76上。切换装置75为第二附加离合器并且如在图1中所示出的CVT驱动系中的第二附加离合器35这样起作用。
此外，在图2中示出，如例如在商用车的情况下辅助单元驱动装置可通过齿轮77直接耦合在电机76上。辅助单元驱动装置也被称为PTO，其中，字母PTO代表英语术语Power-Take-Off(动力输出装置)。由于在图2中所示出的布置，辅助单元驱动装置PTO在混合动力车辆站停的情况下可以通过电机76运行，或者通过初级驱动装置43或者通过两个分支共同运行。例如辅助单元驱动装置可以是例如液压泵或者压缩机。
在实施为两范围CVT的情况下，直接挡传动级30；70可以这样设计，使得它同时用作在两个CVT行驶范围低和高之间的转换级。此外，直接挡传动级30；70可连同作为电动机工作的电机36；76一起也用于直接行驶级，如在图3中可见。
在图3中以笛卡尔坐标图的形式示出在图1和2中所示出的CVT驱动系1；41的传动比特征线。在图3中所示出的坐标图包括x轴81和y轴82。x轴81表示可变的变换器传动比。y轴82表示子变速器的变速器传动比。
特征线83示出低运行范围。特征线84示出高运行范围。通过平行于x轴81延伸的、点划线85标明低范围83在点A上和高范围84在点B上之间的转换可行性。在点A和点B之间的转换通过双箭头86标明。
在此，直接挡传动级30；70的传动比有利地这样选择，使得出现两个CVT运行范围或者CVT行驶范围低和高的有利的划分。此外，优选地，传动比这样选择，使得混合动力车辆可以仅仅借助于电机36；76效率优化地行驶。
在全负载的情况下起动混合动力车辆时，可通过使用CVT-变换器-减速比并且在无需直接挡的情况下运行电机36；76。在作为轿车变速器使用时，转换级并且同时电动机-直接级的总体驱动系传动比处于四和七之间、优选在五和六之间的范围内。
在两范围CVT中借助于直接级在运行范围之间的转换过程的情况下，也可通过电机36；76减小或者消除不期望的牵引力中断。对于这种电动地支持的转换过程，与机械式地通过燃烧器支持的转换过程相比，有利地，不需要这么多离合器切换。由此也可更快速地执行转换过程。
附图标记列表
1 CVT驱动系
2
3 初级驱动装置
4
5 起动装置
6 起动输出件
7
8
9
10 变换器
11 驱动侧锥盘组
12 从动侧锥盘组
13 带式传动件
14
15 从动部
16 差速器
17
18 正齿轮
19 子变速器输出齿轮
20 子变速器
21
22 旋转振动减振器
23
24 起动离合器
25 输入件
26 输出件
27 变速器输入轴
28 齿轮
29 切换装置
30 直接切换级
31 箭头
32 次级驱动装置
33 连接件
34 离合器输入件
35 切换装置
36 电机
37
38 切换装置
39
40
41 CVT驱动系
42
43 初级驱动装置
44
45 起动装置
46 起动输出件
47
48
49
50 变换器
51 驱动侧锥盘组
52 从动侧锥盘组
53 带式传动件
54
55 从动部
56 变速器输出轴
57 变换器输出部
58 齿轮级
59
60 子变速器
61
62 旋转振动减振器
63 箭头
64 起动离合器
65 输入件
66 输出件
67 变速器输入轴
68 附加轴
69 切换装置
70 直接切换级
71 箭头
72 次级驱动装置
73 连接件
74 离合器输入件
75 切换装置
76 电机
77 齿轮
78 切换装置
79
80
81 x轴
82 y轴
83 特征线
84 特征线
85 点划线
86 双箭头

Claims (10)

1.CVT驱动系，其具有能无级式调整的变换器(10；50)并且具有布置在初级驱动侧上的变速器输入轴(27；67)，起动装置(5；45)和次级驱动装置(32；72)相对于所述变速器输入轴共轴地布置，特别地一个电机(36；76)代表次级驱动装置(32；72)，其特征在于第一附加离合器(29；69)和第二附加离合器(35；75)，所述第一附加离合器用于使所述次级驱动装置(32；72)与直接挡传动级(30；70)耦合，所述第二附加离合器用于与变换器输入部耦合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，这两个附加离合器(29；69，35；75)布置在变换器输入侧上。
3.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，这两个附加离合器(29；69，35；75)实施为形锁合的离合器。
4.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，所述起动装置(5；45)在所述初级驱动侧上布置在所述第二附加离合器(35；75)和旋转振动减振器(22；62)之间。
5.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，所述第二附加离合器(35；75)布置在所述次级驱动装置(32；72)的径向内部。
6.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，第三附加离合器(38；78)在从动侧上配属给变换器输出部。
7.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，所述直接挡传动级(30；70)实施为用于两范围CVT的转换挡位和/或实施为纯电动的行驶挡位。
8.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系，其特征在于，所述次级驱动装置(32；72)直接与辅助从动装置耦合。
9.用于运行根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的CVT驱动系(1；41)的方法。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，在通过所述直接挡传动级(30；70)在多范围CVT变速器(1；41)的运行范围(低/高)之间转换的情况下以驱动方式使用所述次级驱动装置(32；72)，以便减小或者消除不希望的牵引力中断。
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