CN109089692A - A kind of mango implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of mango implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089692A CN109089692A CN201810841462.4A CN201810841462A CN109089692A CN 109089692 A CN109089692 A CN 109089692A CN 201810841462 A CN201810841462 A CN 201810841462A CN 109089692 A CN109089692 A CN 109089692A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of mango implantation methods specifically include (1) selection of land；(2) it grafts；(3) planting seedlings；(4) trimming and finishing；(5) orchard management；(6) it harvests: starting within 20 days after bagging to receive fruit.This method can apply the reasonable self-prepared organic fertilizer of fertility, meet the growth demand of mango, comprehensively utilize agricultural waste material, reduce the pollution probability of environment, guarantee that Mango Fruit environmental protection without hormone, promotes the quality of Mango Fruit.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of mango implantation methods.
[background technique]
Mango cultivation history is long, and it is one of mango source area that 4000 Nian Qian India, which have cultivation China, the hundred of our province
The cultivated area in color city is big.Mango is full of nutrition, sugar content and heat are high, and vitamin A and C are extremely abundant, and pulp fragrance sweet tea is sliding, wind
Taste is original in style, has the honor of " tropical fruit king ", at home and abroad market is all popular.It, can also fruit juice processed, fruit in addition to making fresh fruit
Sauce, can, pickling, sour and hot pickles and mango milk powder, preserved fruit etc..
But there are also many shortcomings for the implantation methods of mango now, mainly have and apply fertilizer unreasonable, orchard management not
Until the problems such as pest and disease damage or rotten fruit Geological Problems occurs in picking after, result.
Current old wood furniture is mostly to be transformed into new wood furniture after being recovered or be processed into compression plate, is processed into compression
One processing mode of plate, wood surface mopping mask is toxic before existing, and will affect the quality of compression plate, toxic detecting
, also there is the method for first removing lacquer painting in the problem of off analysis, or directly cuts away lacquer painting, cuts the processing of panel still
There is an environmentally friendly solution to appear.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mango implantation methods, this method can apply the reasonable self-prepared organic fertilizer of fertility,
The growth demand for meeting mango, can comprehensively utilize agricultural waste material, reduce the pollution probability of environment, guarantee Mango Fruit ring
It protects without hormone, promotes the quality of Mango Fruit.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of mango implantation methods, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection of land: select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is sufficient, soil property is not easy to harden, temperature on 25-30 DEG C of gentle slope into
Row plantation, weeding before planting are leveled land, and ditching, ridging digs kind of a plant hole, the wide 80-100cm in cave, deep 50-60cm, bottom on ridge
Wide 70-80cm, hill spacing 3-5m；The bottom application base fertilizer in each cave, base fertilizer application 15kg decomposed farmyard manure, 3kg calcium magnesium phosphate,
And 4-5cm thickness soil is covered on base fertilizer, it is colonized again after 2 months；
(2) it grafts: seedling age being used to cut as stock using through tying the mango of fruit for 11-12 months mango seedlings
It takes the healthy and strong, branch with simple bud or polygerm to carry out graft seedling growth as scion, starts to be grafted in 3-5 month, stock is thick
Strong branch rives several openings into graft union using cutter in the position apart from 50-60 centimetres high of bottom surface, then transfers scion
It connects in graft union, healing liquid is then sprayed in graft union, then graft union is wrapped up using gauze；
(3) planting seedlings: being the seedling survived in 2 months backsights of grafting survival, and seedling band mass of soil is planted in kind of a plant hole
Interior, banket the tree disk for being made into that diameter is 100-120cm, and lid grass simultaneously drenches sufficient root water, and daily water drenching is answered when being air-dried after field planting,
Until surviving；
(4) trimming and finishing: in the current year of field planting, the trunk of treelet it is long to 80-90cm high when, carry out pinching and inspire branch,
Three branches are left after branch rudiment and grow up to major branch, and after major branch complete ripeness, every allows the strong budding of its pumping again, through the 1-2 year
Branch number is inside gradually expanded, tree canopy product is increased, removes sick branch, the branch on the sagging ground that withers；Annual 6-7 is carried out in seedling stage
The secondary pumping tip, bearing-age tree take out the tip 3-4 times every year, take out the tip 1-2 times every year at tree；
(5) orchard management:
A, start to impose top dressing when mango starts and takes out the 1-2 tip, apply a top dressing, 1-3 raw mango the every two moon
Tree applies 30-40Kg for every plant every time, and 3-6 raw mango applies 50-60Kg for every plant every time；
B, after mango, which is thanked, spends, every plant is applied 150 grams of urea；
C, the humidity in management mountainous region, holding soil moisture carry out drainage position when humidity is higher than 40% 30% in time in time
Reason；
D, the pest and disease damage phenomenon having for seedling mango carries out conventional prevention and treatment in time；
E, when first 20 days of fruit preparation harvesting, fruit is subjected to bagging processing using two-layer compound paper bag；
The top dressing is self-prepared organic fertilizer, and self-prepared organic fertilizer is specifically to be obtained by following operate: 1) raw material weighs: according to
Parts by weight weigh following raw material: 20-35 parts of waste wood, 20-30 parts of planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium bag material, fresh paddy rice stalk 20-
35 parts, sisal hemp 10-20 parts fresh, 20-30 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 15-25 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10-15 parts of phosphorus tailing, blast furnace gas mud
10-20 parts, 8-12 parts of borax, 20-30 parts of maize alcohol stillage, 10-15 parts of fresh beans shell, 8-16 parts of rape cake, 10-15 parts of EM bacterium,
8-12 parts of cellulase；
2) waste wood is handled: waste and old wood furniture is recycled, the furniture that outer surface is yellow and white is then picked out,
Furniture outer is cut using cutting machine, 1-1.5cm behind the surface layer of cutting obtains surface layer plank, and plank clast is broken to 1cm
After obtain plank clast, according to 1 kilogram plank clast be added mass concentration be 20-30% 10 kilograms of acetic acid of ratio locating
Reason is impregnated 10-20 hours in pond, and vulcanized sodium is then added, and the amount that vulcanized sodium is added is the 1/10 of acetic acid gross mass, is then sprinkled into
Pulverized limestone, the additional amount of pulverized limestone account for the 0.06 of acetic acid gross mass, and the adding manner of pulverized limestone is to be slowly added into place while stirring
It manages in pond, adds pulverized limestone and keep and stir 10-20 minutes, plank clast is then salvaged, using clear water constantly to wood
Plate clast is rinsed, until the lime removal being attached on plank chip surface is clean, is then contained the holding of plank clast
Discarded molasses are added in 10-15% in water rate, and the additional amount for discarding molasses is the 1/6 of plank clast total weight, after mixing,
Fermentation Mixed Microbes are added, the amount of the fermentation Mixed Microbes of addition is the 0.07% of plank clast total weight, is built after being followed by stirring for uniformly
Heap ferments 60-70 days, then filters out fermentation Mixed Microbes, the waste wood that can be obtained that treated；
The fermentation Mixed Microbes include 1.2-3.8 parts of bacillus, germ oligotrophy unit cell in parts by weight
2.5-3.5 parts, green 1.2-2.3 parts of sickle mycete；
3) after being crushed fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, fresh sisal hemp, cellulase is added and mixes, accumulation 8-12 is small
When；
4) warm water being added in EM bacterium, the ratio of EM bacterium and warm water is 1g:150ml, it is subsequently added into sucrose, sucrose and EM bacterium
Weight ratio is 1:8-10；
5) feces of livestock and poultry is put into process tank and carries out the anaerobic expanded explosion of high pressure, pressure 110-130MPa, explosion
Time is 30-35S, after explosion, continues to be placed in process tank Anaerobic Treatment 10-15 minutes；
6) carry out the phosphorus tailing to be crushed 10 meshes and obtain phosphorus tailing powder, then carry out being preheated to 35-45 DEG C, then plus
Enter organic acid and carry out grinding 45-65S, the weight ratio of organic acid and phosphorus tailing powder is 1:10-15；
7) by step 2) -6) treated, and raw material takes out, with maize alcohol stillage, blast furnace gas mud, borax, rape cake, apricot Bao
The entrance of screw conveyor is put into after mushroom cultivating bacteria bag material, Chinese medicine slag mixing, mixture is delivered to fermentation vat by screw conveyor
It is interior, the lid of fermentation vat is covered, is reserved with venthole on lid, oxygen was passed through into fermentation vat at interval of 3 days, is passed through oxygen every time
The amount of gas reaches until the oxygen content in fermentation vat reaches 5-8%, and after fermentation 40-50 days, fermentation material can be obtained；
8) by fermentation material 200-250 parts by weight and calcium superphosphate 8.5-10.5 parts by weight, powdery magnesium sulfate monohydrate 10.5-
Self-prepared organic fertilizer can be obtained after the mixing of 13.5 parts by weight；
(6) it harvests: starting within 20 days after bagging to receive fruit.
It further illustrates, two-layer compound paper bag is immersed in desinsection before carrying out bagging processing by the two-layer compound paper bag
10-15 minutes in mixed liquor, then takes out and dry, with spare.
It further illustrates, the desinsection mixed liquor is prepared by following raw material, and concrete operations are as follows: taking 80-130g
1000 milliliters of water is added after Java brucea, 50-100g solid carbon dioxide fennel grass, 50-80g tobacco stems, the mixing of 30-50g capsicum to be stirred
It is slurried, then carries out fermentation 30-50 days, desinsection mixed liquor can be obtained after taking supernatant liquid to be watered 300-500 times of dilution.
It further illustrates, the screw pitch of the helical blade of front half section and the helical blade of second half section in the screw conveyor
Screw pitch ratio is 2:1.
It further illustrates, the viable count of the bacillus is hundred million CFU/mL of 1.21-1.38, germ oligotrophy unit cell
Viable count is hundred million CFU/mL of 1.28-1.69, the viable count of green sickle mycete is hundred million CFU/mL of 1.34-1.85.
It further illustrates, C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme and β glucosidase accounting are 15:4:1 in the cellulase, and enzyme activity is
9000-10000 unit/mL；The organic acid be lactic acid, oxalic acid, caffeic acid according to weight ratio be 3-5:1-3:3-5 mixing and
?.
It further illustrates, the temperature of the warm water is 38-42 DEG C；Discarded molasses first pass through before being added as raw material
It is preheated to 40 DEG C.
It further illustrates, the maize alcohol stillage is that He Prefecture China Resources group prepares the maize alcohol stillage generated after Snowflake Beer, beautiful
Neutral detergent fiber 36.12%, acid detergent fiber 24.21%, lignin 5.81%, soluble protein in rice wine grain
5.01%, crude fibre 21.64%.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the research that the self-prepared organic fertilizer in the application have passed through the applicant finds oneself being prepared using the technology
Organic fertilizer processed, aproll ability is strong, so that being easy thoroughly, to exist compared to more existing self-prepared organic fertilizer for self-prepared organic fertilizer after watering
Everywhere it is all aqueous and largely water, discovery is using the technical solution of the application compared to the cultivation of more existing self-prepared organic fertilizer
10% or more can be saved to sprinkle profoundly water.
2. the self-prepared organic fertilizer nutrient compatibility of the application is rationally scientific, the weight such as a great number of elements such as N P and K, calcium and magnesium
The microelements such as element, copper zinc-manganese boron element, big, middle and trace element content ratio are suitble to Growth of Mango demand, by agricultural, work
Industry comprehensive utilization of waste can discharge the advantageous elements among them, and cooperate garlic juice, cassia bark soak and middle sand
So that it is organic matter 14.59-18.01%, carbon 6.25-8.21%, nitrogen that the nutritional ingredient of self-prepared organic fertilizer, which reaches nutrient content,
0.86-1.34%, phosphorus 0.70-0.95%, potassium 1.28-1.45%, calcium constituent 0.13-0.26%, magnesium elements 0.20-0.31%,
Boron element 10.34-15.84mg/kg.
3. the operating technology of the application improves disease resistance since seedling, and by being grown after stringent management
The mango of gesture health, and by carrying out bagging processing, the appearance when mode of bagging processing can be avoided the infringement of pest, result
Perishable phenomenon, to improve yield.
[specific embodiment]
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention.But the present invention can be with
Much it is different from other way described herein to implement, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice to intension of the present invention the case where
Under do similar improvement, therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
1. raw material preparation applies these raw materials on Plant plane: maize alcohol stillage is that He Prefecture China Resources group prepares snowflake beer
The maize alcohol stillage generated after drinking, neutral detergent fiber 36.12%, acid detergent fiber 24.21%, lignin in maize alcohol stillage
5.81%, soluble protein 5.01%, crude fibre 21.64%.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of mango implantation methods, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection of land: select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is sufficient, soil property is not easy to harden, temperature is planted on 28 DEG C of gentle slope
It plants, weeding before planting is leveled land, and ditching, ridging digs kind of a plant hole, the wide 90cm in cave, deep 55cm, bottom width 75cm, hill spacing on ridge
4m；The bottom in each cave applies base fertilizer, and base fertilizer applies the decomposed farmyard manure of 15kg, 3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, and covers on base fertilizer
4.5cm thickness soil, is colonized again after 2 months；
(2) graft: using seedling age is 11 months mango seedlings as stock, using through tying the mango of fruit, clip
The healthy and strong, branch with simple bud or polygerm carries out graft seedling growth as scion, starts to be grafted in April, and stock is sturdy
Branch is riving several openings into graft union using cutter apart from the high position in 55 centimetres of bottom surface, is then grafting scion grafting
In mouthful, healing liquid is then sprayed in graft union, then graft union is wrapped up using gauze；
(3) planting seedlings: being the seedling survived in 2 months backsights of grafting survival, and seedling band mass of soil is planted in kind of a plant hole
Interior, banket the tree disk for being made into that diameter is 110cm, and lid grass simultaneously drenches sufficient root water, and daily water drenching is answered when being air-dried after field planting, until
It survives；
(4) trimming and finishing: in the current year of field planting, the trunk of treelet it is long to 85cm high when, carry out pinching and inspire branch, branch
Leave three branches after rudiment and grow up to major branch, after major branch complete ripeness, every allows the strong budding of its pumping again, within the 1-2 year by
Flaring increases branch number, increases tree canopy product, removes sick branch, the branch on the sagging ground that withers；Annual 6 pumpings are carried out in seedling stage
The tip, bearing-age tree take out the tip 4 times every year, take out the tip 1 time every year at tree；
(5) orchard management:
A, start to impose top dressing when mango starts and takes out 1 tip, apply a top dressing, 1-3 raw mango the every two moon
Apply 35Kg for every plant every time, 3-6 raw mango applies 55Kg for every plant every time；
B, after mango, which is thanked, spends, every plant is applied 150 grams of urea；
C, the humidity in management mountainous region, holding soil moisture carry out drainage position when humidity is higher than 40% 30% in time in time
Reason；
D, the pest and disease damage phenomenon having for seedling mango carries out conventional prevention and treatment in time；
E, when first 20 days of fruit preparation harvesting, fruit is subjected to bagging processing using two-layer compound paper bag；Two-layer compound
Two-layer compound paper bag is immersed in desinsection mixed liquor 12 minutes before carrying out bagging processing, then takes out and dry by paper bag, with
It is spare；Wherein, desinsection mixed liquor is prepared by following raw material, and concrete operations are as follows: taking 105g Java brucea, 85g solid carbon dioxide fennel
The water of 1000 milliliters of addition, which is stirred, after grass, 60g tobacco stems, the mixing of 40g capsicum is slurried, and then carries out fermentation 40 days, takes
Desinsection mixed liquor can be obtained after being watered 400 times of dilution in layer liquid；
The top dressing is self-prepared organic fertilizer, and self-prepared organic fertilizer is specifically to be obtained by following operate: 1) raw material weighs: according to
Parts by weight weigh following raw material: 28 parts of waste wood, 27 parts of planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium bag material, 28 parts of fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh
16 parts of sisal hemp, 27 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 21 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 13 parts of phosphorus tailing, 18 parts of blast furnace gas mud, 10 parts of borax, maize alcohol stillage
25 parts, 12 parts of fresh beans shell, 10 parts of rape cake, 12 parts of EM bacterium, 10 parts of cellulase；
2) waste wood is handled: waste and old wood furniture is recycled, the furniture that outer surface is yellow and white is then picked out,
Furniture outer is cut using cutting machine, 1.2cm behind the surface layer of cutting obtains surface layer plank, after plank clast is broken to 1cm
Plank clast is obtained, 10 kilograms of acetic acid of the ratio that the plank clast addition mass concentration according to 1 kilogram is 25% is in processing pond
It is middle to impregnate 14 hours, vulcanized sodium is then added, the amount that vulcanized sodium is added is the 1/10 of acetic acid gross mass, it is then sprinkled into pulverized limestone,
The additional amount of pulverized limestone accounts for the 0.06 of acetic acid gross mass, and the adding manner of pulverized limestone is to be slowly added into processing pond while stirring,
Add pulverized limestone to keep stirring 13 minutes, then salvage plank clast, using clear water constantly to plank clast into
Row rinses, until the lime removal being attached on plank chip surface is clean, then keeps moisture content 12% plank clast,
Addition is preheated to 40 DEG C of discarded molasses, and the additional amount for discarding molasses is the 1/6 of plank clast total weight, after mixing, adds
Enter Mixed Microbes of fermenting, the amount of the fermentation Mixed Microbes of addition is the 0.07% of plank clast total weight, builds heap after being followed by stirring for uniformly
Fermentation 65 days, then filters out fermentation Mixed Microbes, the waste wood that can be obtained that treated；
It is described fermentation Mixed Microbes include in parts by weight viable count be 1.28 hundred million CFU/mL 2.4 parts of bacillus,
The green sickle mycete 1.8 that 3 parts of germ oligotrophy unit cell that viable count is 1.43 hundred million CFU/mL, viable count are 1.57 hundred million CFU/mL
Part；
3) after being crushed fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, fresh sisal hemp, C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme and the Portugal β in cellulase is added
Glycosidase accounting is 15:4:1, and enzyme activity is the mixing of 9505 units/mL cellulase, is accumulated 10 hours；
4) EM bacterium is added 40 DEG C of warm water, the ratio of EM bacterium and warm water is 1g:150ml, be subsequently added into sucrose, sucrose with
The weight ratio of EM bacterium is 1:9；
5) feces of livestock and poultry is put into the progress anaerobic expanded explosion of high pressure, pressure 120MPa, the time of explosion in process tank
For 32S, after explosion, continue to be placed on Anaerobic Treatment 12 minutes in process tank；
6) it carries out the phosphorus tailing to be crushed 10 meshes and obtains phosphorus tailing powder, then carry out being preheated to 40 DEG C, then be added
Grinding 52S, organic acid and phosphorus tailing are carried out for the organic acid that 3:2:4 is obtained by mixing according to weight ratio by lactic acid, oxalic acid, caffeic acid
The weight ratio of powder is 1:13；
7) by step 2) -6) treated, and raw material takes out, with maize alcohol stillage, blast furnace gas mud, borax, rape cake, apricot Bao
The screw pitch and the spiral of second half section of the helical blade of front half section in screw conveyor are put into after mushroom cultivating bacteria bag material, Chinese medicine slag mixing
Than the entrance of the screw conveyor for 2:1, mixture is delivered in fermentation vat the screw pitch of blade by screw conveyor, covers fermentation
The lid in pond is reserved with venthole on lid, was passed through oxygen into fermentation vat at interval of 3 days, the amount for being passed through oxygen every time reaches
Until oxygen content in fermentation vat reaches 7%, after fermentation 45 days, fermentation material can be obtained；
8) 225 parts by weight of fermentation material are mixed with 9.5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 11.24 parts by weight of powdery magnesium sulfate monohydrate
After self-prepared organic fertilizer can be obtained；
(6) it harvests: starting within 20 days after bagging to receive fruit.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of mango implantation methods, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection of land: select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is sufficient, soil property is not easy to harden, temperature is planted on 25 DEG C of gentle slope
It plants, weeding before planting is leveled land, and ditching, ridging digs kind of a plant hole, the wide 80cm in cave, deep 50cm, bottom width 70cm, hill spacing on ridge
3m；The bottom in each cave applies base fertilizer, and base fertilizer applies the decomposed farmyard manure of 15kg, 3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, and covers on base fertilizer
4cm thickness soil, is colonized again after 2 months；
(2) graft: using seedling age is 11 months mango seedlings as stock, using through tying the mango of fruit, clip
The healthy and strong, branch with simple bud or polygerm carries out graft seedling growth as scion, starts to be grafted in March, and stock is sturdy
Branch is riving several openings into graft union using cutter apart from the high position in 50 centimetres of bottom surface, is then grafting scion grafting
In mouthful, healing liquid is then sprayed in graft union, then graft union is wrapped up using gauze；
(3) planting seedlings: being the seedling survived in 2 months backsights of grafting survival, and seedling band mass of soil is planted in kind of a plant hole
Interior, banket the tree disk for being made into that diameter is 100cm, and lid grass simultaneously drenches sufficient root water, and daily water drenching is answered when being air-dried after field planting, until
It survives；
(4) trimming and finishing: in the current year of field planting, the trunk of treelet it is long to 80cm high when, carry out pinching and inspire branch, branch
Leave three branches after rudiment and grow up to major branch, after major branch complete ripeness, every allows the strong budding of its pumping again, within the 1-2 year by
Flaring increases branch number, increases tree canopy product, removes sick branch, the branch on the sagging ground that withers；It carries out in seedling stage annual 6-7 times
The tip is taken out, bearing-age tree takes out the tip 3 times every year, annual at tree pumping the tip 1 time；
(5) orchard management:
A, start to impose top dressing when mango starts and takes out 1 tip, apply a top dressing, 1-3 raw mango the every two moon
Apply 3Kg for every plant every time, 3-6 raw mango applies 50Kg for every plant every time；
B, after mango, which is thanked, spends, every plant is applied 150 grams of urea；
C, the humidity in management mountainous region, holding soil moisture carry out drainage position when humidity is higher than 40% 30% in time in time
Reason；
D, the pest and disease damage phenomenon having for seedling mango carries out conventional prevention and treatment in time；
E, when first 20 days of fruit preparation harvesting, fruit is subjected to bagging processing using two-layer compound paper bag；Two-layer compound
Two-layer compound paper bag is immersed in desinsection mixed liquor 10 minutes before carrying out bagging processing, then takes out and dry by paper bag, with
It is spare；Wherein, desinsection mixed liquor is prepared by following raw material, and concrete operations are as follows: taking 80g Java brucea, 50g solid carbon dioxide fennel
The water of 1000 milliliters of addition, which is stirred, after grass, 50g tobacco stems, the mixing of 30g capsicum is slurried, and then carries out fermentation 30 days, takes
Desinsection mixed liquor can be obtained after being watered 300 times of dilution in layer liquid；
The top dressing is self-prepared organic fertilizer, and self-prepared organic fertilizer is specifically to be obtained by following operate: 1) raw material weighs: according to
Parts by weight weigh following raw material: 20 parts of waste wood, 20 parts of planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium bag material, 20 parts of fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh
10 parts of sisal hemp, 20 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 15 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10 parts of phosphorus tailing, 10 parts of blast furnace gas mud, 8 parts of borax, maize alcohol stillage 20
Part, 10 parts of fresh beans shell, 8 parts of rape cake, 10 parts of EM bacterium, 8 parts of cellulase；
2) waste wood is handled: waste and old wood furniture is recycled, the furniture that outer surface is yellow and white is then picked out,
Furniture outer is cut using cutting machine, 1cm behind the surface layer of cutting obtains surface layer plank, obtains after plank clast is broken to 1cm
To plank clast, 10 kilograms of acetic acid of the ratio that the plank clast addition mass concentration according to 1 kilogram is 20% is in processing pond
It impregnates 10 hours, vulcanized sodium is then added, the amount that vulcanized sodium is added is the 1/10 of acetic acid gross mass, is then sprinkled into pulverized limestone, stone
The additional amount of ashes accounts for the 0.06 of acetic acid gross mass, and the adding manner of pulverized limestone is to be slowly added into processing pond while stirring, adds
Complete pulverized limestone, which keeps, to be stirred 10 minutes, plank clast is then salvaged, using clear water constantly to the progress of plank clast
It rinses, until the lime removal being attached on plank chip surface is clean, then keeps moisture content 10% plank clast, add
Enter to be preheated to 40 DEG C of discarded molasses, the additional amount for discarding molasses is the 1/6 of plank clast total weight, after mixing, is added
Fermentation Mixed Microbes, the amount of the fermentation Mixed Microbes of addition are the 0.07% of plank clast total weight, and heap hair is built after being followed by stirring for uniformly
Ferment 70 days, fermentation Mixed Microbes are then filtered out, the waste wood that can be obtained that treated；
It is described fermentation Mixed Microbes include in parts by weight viable count be 1.21 hundred million CFU/mL 1.2 parts of bacillus,
The green sickle mycete that 2.5 parts of germ oligotrophy unit cell that viable count is 1.28 hundred million CFU/mL, viable count are 1.34 hundred million CFU/mL
1.2 part；
3) after being crushed fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, fresh sisal hemp, C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme and the Portugal β in cellulase is added
Glycosidase accounting is 15:4:1, and enzyme activity is the mixing of 9000 units/mL cellulase, is accumulated 8 hours；
4) EM bacterium is added 38 DEG C of warm water, the ratio of EM bacterium and warm water is 1g:150ml, be subsequently added into sucrose, sucrose with
The weight ratio of EM bacterium is 1:8；
5) feces of livestock and poultry is put into the progress anaerobic expanded explosion of high pressure, pressure 110MPa, the time of explosion in process tank
For 35S, after explosion, continue to be placed on Anaerobic Treatment 15 minutes in process tank；
6) it carries out the phosphorus tailing to be crushed 10 meshes and obtains phosphorus tailing powder, then carry out being preheated to 35 DEG C, then be added
Grinding 45S, organic acid and phosphorus tailing are carried out for the organic acid that 3:1:3 is obtained by mixing according to weight ratio by lactic acid, oxalic acid, caffeic acid
The weight ratio of powder is 1:10；
7) by step 2) -6) treated, and raw material takes out, with maize alcohol stillage, blast furnace gas mud, borax, rape cake, apricot Bao
The screw pitch and the spiral of second half section of the helical blade of front half section in screw conveyor are put into after mushroom cultivating bacteria bag material, Chinese medicine slag mixing
Than the entrance of the screw conveyor for 2:1, mixture is delivered in fermentation vat the screw pitch of blade by screw conveyor, covers fermentation
The lid in pond is reserved with venthole on lid, was passed through oxygen into fermentation vat at interval of 3 days, the amount for being passed through oxygen every time reaches
Until oxygen content in fermentation vat reaches 5%, after fermentation 40 days, fermentation material can be obtained；
8) after 200 parts by weight of fermentation material being mixed with 8.5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 10.5 parts by weight of powdery magnesium sulfate monohydrate
Self-prepared organic fertilizer can be obtained；
(6) it harvests: starting within 20 days after bagging to receive fruit.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of mango implantation methods, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection of land: select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is sufficient, soil property is not easy to harden, temperature is planted on 30 DEG C of gentle slope
It plants, weeding before planting is leveled land, and ditching, ridging digs kind of a plant hole, the wide 100cm in cave, deep 60cm, bottom width 80cm, hill spacing on ridge
5m；The bottom in each cave applies base fertilizer, and base fertilizer applies the decomposed farmyard manure of 15kg, 3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, and covers on base fertilizer
5cm thickness soil, is colonized again after 2 months；
(2) graft: using seedling age is 12 months mango seedlings as stock, using through tying the mango of fruit, clip
The healthy and strong, branch with simple bud or polygerm carries out graft seedling growth as scion, starts to be grafted in May, and stock is sturdy
Branch is riving several openings into graft union using cutter apart from the high position in 60 centimetres of bottom surface, is then grafting scion grafting
In mouthful, healing liquid is then sprayed in graft union, then graft union is wrapped up using gauze；
(3) planting seedlings: being the seedling survived in 2 months backsights of grafting survival, and seedling band mass of soil is planted in kind of a plant hole
Interior, banket the tree disk for being made into that diameter is 120cm, and lid grass simultaneously drenches sufficient root water, and daily water drenching is answered when being air-dried after field planting, until
It survives；
(4) trimming and finishing: in the current year of field planting, the trunk of treelet it is long to 90cm high when, carry out pinching and inspire branch, branch
Three branches are left after rudiment and grow up to major branch, and after major branch complete ripeness, every allows the strong budding of its pumping again, within 2 years gradually
Branch number is expanded, tree canopy product is increased, removes sick branch, the branch on the sagging ground that withers；Annual 7 pumpings are carried out in seedling stage
The tip, bearing-age tree take out the tip 4 times every year, take out the tip 2 times every year at tree；
(5) orchard management:
A, start to impose top dressing when mango starts and takes out 2 tips, apply a top dressing, 1-3 raw mango the every two moon
Apply 40Kg for every plant every time, 3-6 raw mango applies 60Kg for every plant every time；
B, after mango, which is thanked, spends, every plant is applied 150 grams of urea；
C, the humidity in management mountainous region, holding soil moisture carry out drainage position when humidity is higher than 40% 30% in time in time
Reason；
D, the pest and disease damage phenomenon having for seedling mango carries out conventional prevention and treatment in time；
E, when first 20 days of fruit preparation harvesting, fruit is subjected to bagging processing using two-layer compound paper bag；Two-layer compound
Two-layer compound paper bag is immersed in desinsection mixed liquor 15 minutes before carrying out bagging processing, then takes out and dry by paper bag, with
It is spare；Wherein, desinsection mixed liquor is prepared by following raw material, and concrete operations are as follows: taking 130g Java brucea, 100g solid carbon dioxide fennel
The water of 1000 milliliters of addition, which is stirred, after grass, 80g tobacco stems, the mixing of 50g capsicum is slurried, and then carries out fermentation 50 days, takes
Desinsection mixed liquor can be obtained after being watered 500 times of dilution in layer liquid；
The top dressing is self-prepared organic fertilizer, and self-prepared organic fertilizer is specifically to be obtained by following operate: 1) raw material weighs: according to
Parts by weight weigh following raw material: 35 parts of waste wood, 30 parts of planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium bag material, 35 parts of fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh
20 parts of sisal hemp, 30 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 25 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 15 parts of phosphorus tailing, 20 parts of blast furnace gas mud, 12 parts of borax, maize alcohol stillage
30 parts, 15 parts of fresh beans shell, 16 parts of rape cake, 15 parts of EM bacterium, 12 parts of cellulase；
2) waste wood is handled: waste and old wood furniture is recycled, the furniture that outer surface is yellow and white is then picked out,
Furniture outer is cut using cutting machine, 1.5cm behind the surface layer of cutting obtains surface layer plank, after plank clast is broken to 1cm
Plank clast is obtained, 10 kilograms of acetic acid of the ratio that the plank clast addition mass concentration according to 1 kilogram is 30% is in processing pond
It is middle to impregnate 20 hours, vulcanized sodium is then added, the amount that vulcanized sodium is added is the 1/10 of acetic acid gross mass, it is then sprinkled into pulverized limestone,
The additional amount of pulverized limestone accounts for the 0.06 of acetic acid gross mass, and the adding manner of pulverized limestone is to be slowly added into processing pond while stirring,
Add pulverized limestone to keep stirring 20 minutes, then salvage plank clast, using clear water constantly to plank clast into
Row rinses, until the lime removal being attached on plank chip surface is clean, then keeps moisture content 15% plank clast,
Addition is preheated to 40 DEG C of discarded molasses, and the additional amount for discarding molasses is the 1/6 of plank clast total weight, after mixing, adds
Enter Mixed Microbes of fermenting, the amount of the fermentation Mixed Microbes of addition is the 0.07% of plank clast total weight, builds heap after being followed by stirring for uniformly
Fermentation 60 days, then filters out fermentation Mixed Microbes, the waste wood that can be obtained that treated；
It is described fermentation Mixed Microbes include in parts by weight viable count be 1.38 hundred million CFU/mL 3.8 parts of bacillus,
The green sickle mycete that 3.5 parts of germ oligotrophy unit cell that viable count is 1.69 hundred million CFU/mL, viable count are 1.85 hundred million CFU/mL
2.3 part；
3) after being crushed fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, fresh sisal hemp, C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme and the Portugal β in cellulase is added
Glycosidase accounting is 15:4:1, and enzyme activity is the mixing of 10000 units/mL cellulase, is accumulated 12 hours；
4) EM bacterium is added 42 DEG C of warm water, the ratio of EM bacterium and warm water is 1g:150ml, be subsequently added into sucrose, sucrose with
The weight ratio of EM bacterium is 1:10；
5) feces of livestock and poultry is put into the progress anaerobic expanded explosion of high pressure, pressure 130MPa, the time of explosion in process tank
For 30S, after explosion, continue to be placed on Anaerobic Treatment 10 minutes in process tank；
6) it carries out the phosphorus tailing to be crushed 10 meshes and obtains phosphorus tailing powder, then carry out being preheated to 45 DEG C, then be added
Grinding 65S, organic acid and phosphorus tailing are carried out for the organic acid that 5:3:5 is obtained by mixing according to weight ratio by lactic acid, oxalic acid, caffeic acid
The weight ratio of powder is 1:15；
7) by step 2) -6) treated, and raw material takes out, with maize alcohol stillage, blast furnace gas mud, borax, rape cake, apricot Bao
The screw pitch and the spiral of second half section of the helical blade of front half section in screw conveyor are put into after mushroom cultivating bacteria bag material, Chinese medicine slag mixing
Than the entrance of the screw conveyor for 2:1, mixture is delivered in fermentation vat the screw pitch of blade by screw conveyor, covers fermentation
The lid in pond is reserved with venthole on lid, was passed through oxygen into fermentation vat at interval of 3 days, the amount for being passed through oxygen every time reaches
Until oxygen content in fermentation vat reaches 8%, after fermentation 50 days, fermentation material can be obtained；
8) 250 parts by weight of fermentation material are mixed with 10.5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 13.5 parts by weight of powdery magnesium sulfate monohydrate
After self-prepared organic fertilizer can be obtained；
(6) it harvests: starting within 20 days after bagging to receive fruit.
Test one: the quality of waste wood in verifying self-prepared organic fertilizer:
Comparative example 1:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is, only will be by waste and old wood furniture in waste wood processing
Then recycling is picked out the furniture that outer surface is yellow and white, is cut furniture outer using cutting machine, the surface layer of cutting
1.5cm afterwards obtains surface layer plank, and plank clast is broken to after 1cm and obtains plank clast.
Comparative example 2:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is that in waste wood processing, acetic acid is replaced using water.
Comparative example 3:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is in waste wood processing, not carry out basic treatment.
Comparative example 4:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is, in waste wood processing, is not added at vulcanization sodium raw materials
Reason.Comparative example 5:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is, in waste wood processing, without fermentation Mixed Microbes processing
Discarded molasses are not added.
Comparative example 6:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is, in waste wood processing, discarded molasses do not carry out the pre-heat treatment.
Comparative example 7:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is in waste wood processing, to contain only viable count in Mixed Microbes of fermenting
It is 3.8 parts of bacillus of 1.38 hundred million CFU/mL.
Comparative example 8:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is in waste wood processing, only to contain viable bacteria in Mixed Microbes of fermenting
Number is 3.5 parts of germ oligotrophy unit cell of 1.69 hundred million CFU/mL.
Comparative example 9:
Essentially identical with 3 step of embodiment, difference is in waste wood processing, only to contain viable bacteria in Mixed Microbes of fermenting
Number is 2.3 parts of green sickle mycete of 1.85 hundred million CFU/mL.
Test 1:
The detection of lead element ingredient, the knot of detection are carried out to the waste wood that embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-8 are prepared
Fruit is as follows:
Table 1
It is seen by upper table 1, the removal rate using the lead element of only a few scheme treated the first timber of the application reaches
80% or more；In terms of embodiment 3 and comparative example 1-4, use at acidification, vulcanized sodium processing, basic treatment and microorganism
Reason collective effect mutually acts synergistically, if only single use removal rate is without so significant, 1 removal rate of comparative example is almost
Constant, 2 removal rate of comparative example reaches 62.3%, comparative example, 3 removal rate and reaches 63.9%, from comparative example 4, is not added with vulcanized sodium
Processing, removal rate reach 64.6%, do not carry out microbiological treatment in comparative example 5 and be not added with molasses, and removal rate reaches 52.4%,
Microbiological treatment has been used in comparative example 6, and still blackstrap is not handled reasonably, so that removal rate effect is compared to comparison
The removal rate of example 5 is high to reach 63.9%, and except the influence of lead element effect is ordered as vulcanized sodium, to handle > micro- as viewed from 4 factors
Biological treatment > basic treatment > acidification；It is common using three kinds of strains in terms of from the removal rate of comparative example 7-9 and the present embodiment
Effect carries out microbiological treatment, and effect can be more preferable, and 7 removal rate of comparative example reaches 61.0%, comparative example, 8 removal rate and reaches
62.0%, 9 removal rate of comparative example reaches 60.1%, illustrates more aobvious to the influential effect of lead element in microbiological treatment
It writes.Plank clast first carries out to after acidification then biological treatment can have been removed effectively carrying out basic treatment in the application
The content of noxious material lead element；Acidification can soften lead composition, will be disengaged from plank clast, then using vulcanized sodium to the lead of part
Element carries out displacement sedimentation, but lead element content is still higher in the plank clast after applicant detects discovery cleaning,
Because sedimentation it is inefficient, applicants have discovered that by continue add pulverized limestone, the reaction of vulcanized sodium can be enhanced, this with mention
Heating load and chemical bond make reaction environment change caused by, and pulverized limestone encounter acetic acid start generate heat and in acetic acid
With, and the lead element released is wrapped up, under conditions of heat then lead element will be salvaged more towards being adsorbed on lime
Some lime are also speckled on the plank clast to get up, are repeatedly rinsed out using clear water, then mix molasses and plank clast, sugar
Honey has preferably viscosity through excess temperatureization, can possess certain thickness when stirring with plank clast and molasses are slowly inhaled
Plank clast has porous surface, the fermentation Mixed Microbes added in this way when being enclosed in the heat calcination due to passing through pulverized limestone
More uniform it can be distributed growth on plank clast, and be capable of growing in plank chip surface for minimum distance, it can
It is further to remove absorption lead element, the toxic lead element content on plank clast is effectively reduced, until fermentation Mixed Microbes
Enrichment intracellular after, lead content the first timber up to standard can be obtained after filtering out fermentation Mixed Microbes, enable the first timber
Nutritious substance is discharged in subsequent fermentation, has achieved the purpose that utilize bazardous waste environmental protection, and open one
The item road of new recycling.
Test 2: the nutritional ingredient of self-prepared organic fertilizer is verified:
Control group 1: essentially identical with the raw material of embodiment 2, difference is fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, animal dung
Just, phosphorus tailing, fresh sisal hemp do not carry out the additional pre-treatment of embodiment 2, and using directly being mixed with other raw materials after
It puts into screw conveyor.
Control group 2: it is essentially identical with the raw material of embodiment 2, difference be fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh sisal hemp, fresh beans
Shell does not carry out the additional pre-treatment of embodiment 2, and puts into screw conveyor using after directly mixing with other raw materials.
Control group 3: essentially identical with the raw material of embodiment 2, difference is that feces of livestock and poultry does not carry out the additional of embodiment 2
Pretreatment, and put into screw conveyor using after directly being mixed with other raw materials.
Control group 4: essentially identical with the raw material of embodiment 2, difference is that phosphorus tailing does not carry out the additional pre- of embodiment 2
Processing, and put into screw conveyor using after directly being mixed with other raw materials.
The detection of nutrient content is carried out to the self-prepared organic fertilizer that embodiment 1-3 and control group 1-4 are prepared -- with routine
Method analysis, testing result are as follows:
Table 2
| Organic matter/% | Carbon/% | Full nitrogen/% | Phosphorus/% | |
| Embodiment 1 | 18.01±0.12 | 8.21±0.20 | 1.34±0.05 | 0.95±0.05 |
| Embodiment 2 | 14.59±0.11 | 6.25±0.14 | 0.86±0.08 | 0.70±0.02 |
| Embodiment 3 | 15.32±0.18 | 7.12±0.15 | 1.12±0.03 | 0.86±0.01 |
| Contrast groups 1 | 10.25±0.14 | 5.01±0.14 | 0.65±0.04 | 0.58±0.00 |
| Contrast groups 2 | 11.24±0.12 | 5.82±0.13 | 0.76±0.04 | 0.62±0.02 |
| Contrast groups 3 | 11.68±0.12 | 5.74±0.18 | 0.71±0.05 | 0.61±0.03 |
| Contrast groups 4 | 15.01±0.13 | 6.31±0.15 | 0.85±0.03 | 0.45±0.02 |
| Potassium/% | Magnesium/% | Calcium/% | Boron/mg/kg | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.45±0.03 | 0.31±0.03 | 0.26±0.01 | 15.84±0.13 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.28-±0.03 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.13±0.02 | 10.34±0.17 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.36±0.11 | 0.26±0.14 | 0.18±0.00 | 12.86±0.11 |
| Contrast groups 1 | 0.91±0.11 | 0.11±0.14 | 0.10±0.01 | 10.10±0.15 |
| Contrast groups 2 | 1.12±0.11 | 0.16±0.14 | 0.11±0.01 | 10.15±0.17 |
| Contrast groups 3 | 1.16±0.11 | 0.18±0.14 | 0.12±0.01 | 10.23±0.25 |
| Contrast groups 4 | 131±0.11 | 0.23±0.14 | 0.12±0.00 | 10.45±0.12 |
Organic matter 14.59-18.01%, carbon 6.25-8.21%, nitrogen 0.86-1.34%, phosphorus 0.70-0.95%, potassium 1.28-
1.45%, calcium constituent 0.13-0.26%, magnesium elements 0.20-0.31%, boron element 10.34-15.84mg/kg
It is seen by upper table, effective magnesium component content difference is little；It is seen on organic matter in the processing step of contrast groups 1-4 and lacks it
Link in as soon as, will affect the release of nutritional ingredient, influences fertility.Relatively see do not have substantially compared with Example 2 from contrast groups 5
Have an impact the component content of self-prepared organic fertilizer, therefore sees that the garlic juice of addition and cassia bark soak are not easy to be decomposed, but protects
It holds original configuration state and plays disease-resistant effect.Rich in there is a large amount of organic matter, inorganic in each raw material in the application
Object but can not be effectively obtained utilizations, and there are the problem of each raw material it is single be only to build heap to ferment, it is organic
Object, the burst size of inorganic matter be not high, and utilization rate is not high, and in order to solve the problems, such as that this is big, the applicant sends out after experimental study
It is existing, by fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, fresh sisal hemp is broken cellulase pre fermentation is added after, cell wall is greatly broken
It is bad, it can be more advantageous to beneficial microorganism during the fermentation and decompose its organic matter, to reach the mesh for improving burst size
, and feces of livestock and poultry has stench, and containing substances such as hydrogen sulfide, the staff for often carrying out processing fermentation needs in Jian Dui
Several layers of mask house incoming call foul smell is worn when processing and observation situation, applicants have discovered that by the anaerobic expanded explosion of high pressure
Processing not only can deodorization, and increase the gap between feces of livestock and poultry organic matter, the activation bacterium of fermentation can more rapidly adequately
Decomposing organic matter element, and the harmful microorganism flora contained in feces of livestock and poultry can be eliminated, it prevents from forming conflict with activation bacterium,
Influence course of fermentation；Plant mango lack phosphorus can serious influence mango growth so that mango limb is very thin, leaf nutrition
Bad, photosynthesis is obstructed, yield degradation, a large amount of P elements is rich in phosphorus tailing, but P elements cannot direct quilt
It utilizes, all exists with certain compound, sequestering properties, powder periphery has electricity after the applicant preheats after crushing phosphorus tailing
Son and energy, can swap the P elements-so that in phosphorus tailing by the hydroxyl in organic acid with the structure in phosphorus tailing
It is converted into active portion phosphoric acid between calcium constituent, the activity of P elements can be greatly improved, has been rich in all raw materials a large amount of
Organic matter, inorganic matter, nutritional need needed for capable of adequately meeting Growth of Mango, and can will be sent out by way of activation
The raw material of ferment pre-treatment activates, and can be improved the activity of fermentation fertilizer after the two superposition, and EM bacterium after activation by having more
Good activity, can give full play to the effect of decomposition during the fermentation；In conclusion the raw material of the application being capable of mutually auxiliary phase
At synergistic effect can have more preferable active fertilizer efficiency after fermentation process.
Test 3:
The fertilizer embodiment 1-3 of the application being prepared is colonized plantation carbuncle awns on Tiandong County mango farm,
Control group 1 is almost the same with the Cultivate administration mode of embodiment 1, and difference is not carry out bagging processing, and control group 2 is to be covered
It bag processing but does not pre-process to two-layer compound paper bag to be immersed in desinsection mixed liquor；Control group 3 uses carbon N:P ratio 15:
15:15 fertilizer replaces self-prepared organic fertilizer；It is respectively divided into 1 mu of ground of each plantation of 6 groups.To embodiment 1-3, control group 1-2, picking
The case where observing pericarp afterwards (point is respectively collected 3 fruits and observed and recorded from all directions five) simultaneously calculates yield, and respectively
Quality nutrient detection is carried out to the fruit of embodiment 1-3,3 planting area of control group, see the table below 3,4:
Table 3
As seen from the above table, using the technical solution of the application, obtained fruit quality is more preferable, and yield is higher, further mentions
Economic benefit caused by high soil.
Table 4
| Soluble solid/% | Vc/(mg/100g) | Soluble sugar/% | Organic acid/% | Sugar-acid ratio | |
| Embodiment 1 | 21.32±0.28 | 31.52±0.13 | 18.36±0.07 | 1.50±0.04 | 12.23±0.06 |
| Embodiment 2 | 19.32±0.23 | 29.34±0.12 | 19.31±0.06 | 1.99±0.06 | 9.69±0.07 |
| Embodiment 3 | 19.89±0.25 | 30.46±0.12 | 17.68±0.05 | 1.62±0.07 | 10.98±0.08 |
| Control group 4 | 18.20±0.20 | 26.35±0.11 | 16.38±0.07 | 8.02±0.08 | 8.02±0.10 |
As seen from the above table, had very using the fruit soluble solids content that the mango special fertilizer material of the application plants out
Big promotion, Vc content are also significantly improved, and sugar-acid ratio increases, so that the mouthfeel of mango entirety is more delicious.
Only several embodiments of the present invention are expressed for the upper embodiment, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not
Limitation of the scope of the invention therefore can be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art,
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, various modifications and improvements can be made, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of mango implantation methods, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows:
(1) selection of land: select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is sufficient, soil property is not easy to harden, temperature is planted on 25-30 DEG C of gentle slope
It plants, weeding before planting is leveled land, and ditching, ridging digs kind of a plant hole, the wide 80-100cm in cave, deep 50-60cm, bottom width 70- on ridge
80cm, hill spacing 3-5m；The bottom application base fertilizer in each cave, base fertilizer application 15kg decomposed farmyard manure, 3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, and
4-5cm thickness soil is covered on base fertilizer, is colonized again after 2 months；
(2) graft: using seedling age is 11-12 months mango seedlings as stock, and using the mango of fruit was tied, clip is strong
The strong, branch with simple bud or polygerm carries out graft seedling growth as scion, starts to be grafted in 3-5 month, and stock is sturdy
Branch rives several openings into graft union using cutter in the position apart from 50-60 centimetres high of bottom surface, and then scion grafting exists
In graft union, healing liquid is then sprayed in graft union, and then graft union is wrapped up using gauze；
(3) planting seedlings: being the seedling survived in 2 months backsights of grafting survival, and seedling band mass of soil is planted in kind of plant hole, is filled out
Soil is made into the tree disk that diameter is 100-120cm, and lid grass simultaneously drenches sufficient root water, daily water drenching is answered when being air-dried after field planting, until
It survives；
(4) trimming and finishing: in the current year of field planting, the trunk of treelet it is long to 80-90cm high when, carry out pinching and inspire branch, branch
Leave three branches after rudiment and grow up to major branch, after major branch complete ripeness, every allows the strong budding of its pumping again, within the 1-2 year by
Flaring increases branch number, increases tree canopy product, removes sick branch, the branch on the sagging ground that withers；It carries out in seedling stage annual 6-7 times
The tip is taken out, bearing-age tree takes out the tip 3-4 times every year, annual at tree pumping the tip 1-2 times；
(5) orchard management:
A, start to impose top dressing when mango starts and takes out the 1-2 tip, apply a top dressing every two moon, 1-3 raw mango is every
Secondary every plant is applied 30-40Kg, and 3-6 raw mango applies 50-60Kg for every plant every time；
B, after mango, which is thanked, spends, every plant is applied 150 grams of urea；
C, the humidity in management mountainous region, holding soil moisture carry out drainage sunk well when humidity is higher than 40% 30% in time in time；
D, the pest and disease damage phenomenon having for seedling mango carries out conventional prevention and treatment in time；
E, when first 20 days of fruit preparation harvesting, fruit is subjected to bagging processing using two-layer compound paper bag；
The top dressing is self-prepared organic fertilizer, and self-prepared organic fertilizer is specifically to be obtained by following operate: 1) raw material weighs: according to weight
Number weighs following raw material: 20-35 parts of waste wood, 20-30 parts of planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium bag material, 20-35 parts of fresh paddy rice stalk,
Fresh sisal hemp 10-20 parts, 20-30 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 15-25 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10-15 parts of phosphorus tailing, blast furnace gas mud 10-20
Part, 8-12 parts of borax, 20-30 parts of maize alcohol stillage, 10-15 parts of fresh beans shell, 8-16 parts of rape cake, 10-15 parts of EM bacterium, cellulose
8-12 parts of enzyme；
2) waste wood is handled: waste and old wood furniture being recycled, the furniture that outer surface is yellow and white is then picked out, uses
Cutting machine cuts furniture outer, and 1-1.5cm behind the surface layer of cutting obtains surface layer plank, obtains after plank clast is broken to 1cm
It is 10 kilograms of acetic acid of the ratio of 20-30% in processing pond according to 1 kilogram of plank clast addition mass concentration to plank clast
Then vulcanized sodium is added in middle immersion 10-20 hours, the amount that vulcanized sodium is added is the 1/10 of acetic acid gross mass, is then sprinkled into lime
Powder, the additional amount of pulverized limestone account for the 0.06 of acetic acid gross mass, and the adding manner of pulverized limestone is to be slowly added into processing pond while stirring
In, it adds pulverized limestone and keeps and stir 10-20 minutes, then salvage plank clast, it is constantly broken to plank using clear water
Bits are rinsed, until the lime removal being attached on plank chip surface is clean, plank clast is then kept moisture content
In 10-15%, discarded molasses are added, the additional amount for discarding molasses is the 1/6 of plank clast total weight, after mixing, is added
Fermentation Mixed Microbes, the amount of the fermentation Mixed Microbes of addition are the 0.07% of plank clast total weight, and heap hair is built after being followed by stirring for uniformly
Ferment 60-70 days, fermentation Mixed Microbes are then filtered out, the waste wood that can be obtained that treated；
The fermentation Mixed Microbes include 1.2-3.8 parts of bacillus, germ oligotrophy unit cell 2.5-3.5 in parts by weight
Part, green 1.2-2.3 parts of sickle mycete；
3) after being crushed fresh paddy rice stalk, fresh beans shell, fresh sisal hemp, cellulase is added and mixes, accumulates 8-12 hours；
4) warm water is added in EM bacterium, the ratio of EM bacterium and warm water is 1g:150ml, is subsequently added into sucrose, the weight of sucrose and EM bacterium
Ratio is 1:8-10；
5) feces of livestock and poultry is put into the progress anaerobic expanded explosion of high pressure, pressure 110-130MPa, the time of explosion in process tank
For 30-35S, after explosion, continue to be placed in process tank Anaerobic Treatment 10-15 minutes；
6) it carries out the phosphorus tailing to be crushed 10 meshes and obtains phosphorus tailing powder, then carry out being preheated to 35-45 DEG C, being then added has
Machine acid carries out grinding 45-65S, and the weight ratio of organic acid and phosphorus tailing powder is 1:10-15；
7) by step 2) -6) treated, and raw material takes out, it is planted with maize alcohol stillage, blast furnace gas mud, borax, rape cake, Pleurotus eryngii
The entrance of screw conveyor is put into after cultivation Bag Material, Chinese medicine slag mixing, mixture is delivered in fermentation vat, covers by screw conveyor
The lid in top fermentation pond is reserved with venthole on lid, was passed through oxygen into fermentation vat at interval of 3 days, is passed through oxygen every time
Until the oxygen content that amount reaches in fermentation vat reaches 5-8%, after fermentation 40-50 days, fermentation material can be obtained；
8) by fermentation material 200-250 parts by weight and calcium superphosphate 8.5-10.5 parts by weight, powdery magnesium sulfate monohydrate 10.5-13.5 weight
Self-prepared organic fertilizer can be obtained after amount part mixing；
(6) it harvests: starting within 20 days after bagging to receive fruit.
2. a kind of mango implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the two-layer compound paper bag is carrying out bagging
Before processing, two-layer compound paper bag is immersed in desinsection mixed liquor 10-15 minutes, then takes out and dries, with spare.
3. a kind of mango implantation methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the desinsection mixed liquor is by following raw material
It is prepared, concrete operations are as follows: taking 80-130g Java brucea, 50-100g solid carbon dioxide fennel grass, 50-80g tobacco stems, 30-50g capsicum
The water of 1000 milliliters of addition, which is stirred, after mixing is slurried, and then carries out fermentation 30-50 days, and supernatant liquid is taken to be watered dilution 300-
Desinsection mixed liquor can be obtained after 500 times.
4. a kind of mango implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the spiral shell of front half section in the screw conveyor
The screw pitch ratio of the helical blade of the screw pitch and second half section of vane piece is 2:1.
5. a kind of mango implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the viable count of the bacillus is
Hundred million CFU/mL of 1.21-1.38, germ oligotrophy unit cell viable count be the work of hundred million CFU/mL of 1.28-1.69, green sickle mycete
Bacterium number is hundred million CFU/mL of 1.34-1.85.
6. a kind of mango implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme and β in the cellulase
Glucosidase accounting is 15:4:1, and enzyme activity is 9000-10000 unit/mL；The organic acid is lactic acid, oxalic acid, caffeic acid are pressed
It is obtained by mixing according to weight ratio for 3-5:1-3:3-5.
7. a kind of mango implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the temperature of the warm water is 38-42 DEG C；It is useless
Molasses are abandoned before being added as raw material, first passes through and is preheated to 40 DEG C.
8. a kind of mango implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the maize alcohol stillage is He Prefecture China Resources group
The maize alcohol stillage generated after Snowflake Beer is prepared, neutral detergent fiber 36.12%, acid detergent fiber in maize alcohol stillage
24.21%, lignin 5.81%, soluble protein 5.01%, crude fibre 21.64%.
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