CN108925330B - Leaf mulberry cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN108925330B CN108925330B CN201810415687.3A CN201810415687A CN108925330B CN 108925330 B CN108925330 B CN 108925330B CN 201810415687 A CN201810415687 A CN 201810415687A CN 108925330 B CN108925330 B CN 108925330B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a leaf mulberry cultivation method, wherein ridges are formed in a mulberry field, the ridge body structure is kept, the ridge width is 0.5m, the ridge height is 0.2m, and mulberry seedlings are planted on the ridges; planting mulberry seedlings at the following intervals: the width of the wide row is 1.5m, the width of the narrow row is 0.4m, and the plant spacing in the row is 0.5 m. 1. Experiments prove that the yield of leaves per mu of mulberry leaves reaches more than 2600kg by adopting the cultivation mode, and the yield is improved by 20-40 percent by taking a cultivation mode of peripheral 6215 plus conventional fertilization as a contrast. The drainage capacity of the mulberry field in rainy seasons is remarkably improved, the growth of mulberry seedlings is facilitated, and the growth vigor of the mulberry seedlings is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation, relates to a mulberry cultivation method, and particularly relates to a leaf mulberry cultivation method.
Background
The mulberry is a perennial plant, has the characteristic of strong branching, and needs to increase yield quickly and increase yield stably for a long time when the planting density is determined.
The mulberry plantation and reasonable interplanting management are one of important conditions for establishing a high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency mulberry garden, mulberry is a perennial woody leaf plant, and the problem of long-term research on how to improve the economic benefit of the mulberry garden in unit land area becomes the subject of silkworm practitioners, which is related to the sustainable development of the silkworm industry. The planting mode and interplanting research of 6215 mulberry field in Ningnan county begins in 2006, and a large effect is achieved through multiple experimental comparison researches. The prior art considers that the 6215 mode leads the development of the Chinese sericulture industry to the new future.
The "6215" cultivation method is as follows.
1.1 planting Specifications
The mulberry field with wide and narrow rows adopts a 6215 planting method, namely a triangular dislocation planting mode with 6 feet (2 meters) of wide rows, 2 feet (0.67 meter) of narrow rows and 1.5 feet (0.5 meter) of plant spacing, and 800 plus 1000 plants are planted per mu.
1.2 grafting period and variety selection
The winter skin-cutting bud grafting method is adopted, and grafting is preferably performed about 10 days before and after beginning spring. The mulberry variety is selected from Yunsha No. 1, Jialing No. 20, Toyota No. 5 and other excellent varieties with high leaf yield, good leaf quality, late aging and upright branches.
1.3 Mulberry cultivation
Adopts 663 cultivation method to cultivate the seeds in the form of medium-low trees. When the diameter of the young tree is about 2.5cm, bud grafting is carried out at a position 20cm away from the ground, good mulberry scions are cut off at a position 20cm high in winter in the first year to form a first-level branch, and annual branches are cut off at a position 10cm high in the second year to form a second-level branch, and the tree type is cultivated. And then, cutting 2-3 buds each year when pruning is carried out, cutting off branches by reserving a reverse slope of 0.5-0.7 cm above terminal buds, cutting off the waist at the top of the secondary branch when the tree shape is deviated and high, and cutting off 2-3 buds each year.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the existing '6215' mode has at least the following disadvantages:
1. the mulberry field has poor drainage effect in rainy seasons, soil moisture is excessive in rainy seasons, the underground water level is high, and soil water saturated regions invade and dense root systems, so that the roots are anoxic for a long time, and the mulberry grows badly and reduces yield;
2. under the climate condition of Sichuan basin, the mulberry grows weakly in spring and autumn, and the pest and disease damage is serious;
3. narrow rows have no value in utilization and waste space.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the first technical problem to be solved by the invention is the problem of poor drainage capacity in the rainy season of the mulberry field.
Accordingly, the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the problem of low utilization value of the mulberry field space.
In view of this, the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the weak growth of mulberry in spring and autumn.
The invention provides a leaf mulberry cultivation method, which comprises the steps of ridging in a mulberry field and keeping a ridge body structure, wherein the ridge width is 0.5m, the ridge height is 0.2m, and mulberry seedlings are planted on the ridge; planting mulberry seedlings at the following intervals: the width of the wide row is 1.5m, the width of the narrow row is 0.4m, and the plant spacing in the row is 0.5 m.
According to one embodiment of the leaf mulberry cultivation method, a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is installed in the mulberry field, the drip irrigation system comprises a plurality of drip irrigation pipes for supplying water/fertilizer to mulberry seedlings, and a plurality of water droppers are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation pipes; the drip irrigation pipes are arranged at the two inner side edges of the narrow row, and the distance between two adjacent drippers on the same drip irrigation pipe is 0.9 m; the drippers of the two drip irrigation pipes in the same narrow line are arranged in a staggered way.
According to one embodiment of the leaf mulberry cultivation method, the mulberry seedlings are fertilized 4-5 times per year, a fertilizer and water integrated irrigation system is adopted for fertilization, and the fertilization proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10: 6: 6. preferably, mulberry seedlings are fertilized 5 times a year.
According to one embodiment of the leaf mulberry cultivation method, the drippers are upward, the flow rate of single drip irrigation is 2L/h, and the irrigation water is 0.5-1h each time; the soil humidity on the ridges is not lower than 30%.
According to one embodiment of the leaf mulberry cultivation method, the white clover is planted in the narrow rows for a long time, and the creeper vegetables and fruits, the root mustard or short-term vegetables are planted in the wide rows.
According to one embodiment of the leaf mulberry cultivation method, the mulberry field is selected from a land which is soft in soil, has a plough layer larger than 25cm, has a water source guaranteed, has good ventilation, is neutral and acid, and is not a saline-alkali land; when a garden is built for the first time, deep ploughing is needed to be carried out for more than 30cm, and ploughing organic fertilizer with the weight of 5000kg per mu into soil; the garden building time is 12 months in winter, and the area of the garden is 30-50 mu.
According to one embodiment of the leaf-use mulberry cultivation method of the present invention, the mulberry seedling is a grafted seedling, the grafted seedling uses Yue Mulberry No. 11 as a stock, and uses a strong Mulberry No. 2 or Nongsang No. 14 mulberry variety as a scion; firstly, fixedly planting the stock in a mulberry field, and grafting after the stock is fixedly planted and survived; shallow planting is adopted for field planting, the planting depth is increased, and the root neck of a mulberry seedling is buried by 5 cm; selecting 1-2 year-old seedlings with the diameter of 0.7-1.2cm for the rootstocks; 2-3 buds are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 20cm, and the rest is cut off.
According to one embodiment of the leaf-mulberry cultivation method of the present invention, the mulberry seedlings are pruned twice a year, divided into winter cutting and summer cutting; the winter cutting is carried out within one week before the winter in the current year, and the summer cutting is carried out in the beginning of the summer in the current year; when cutting, cutting all branches which are 20cm higher than the ridge surface, and reserving 6-8 effective branches; and discarding the branches left after pruning in the narrow rows, and naturally degrading and returning to the field.
According to one embodiment of the leaf mulberry cultivation method of the present invention, a black light lamp or sticky yellow paper is installed in the mulberry field; 3-5 sticky yellow paper or 1 black light lamp per mu on average.
According to one embodiment of the method for cultivating mulberry leaves according to the present invention, the mulberry leaves on the mulberry seedlings are preferentially supplied to the middle and lower leaves, and the upper leaves are retained until 5 years old, not only the top leaves.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:
1. experiments prove that the yield of leaves per mu of mulberry leaves reaches more than 2600kg by adopting the cultivation mode, and the yield is improved by 20-40 percent by taking a cultivation mode of peripheral 6215 plus conventional fertilization as a contrast.
2. The drainage capacity of the mulberry field in rainy seasons is remarkably improved, the growth of mulberry seedlings is facilitated, and the growth vigor of the mulberry seedlings is increased.
3. Through water and fertilizer management and pest control, in spring, when large-scale ring rot of mulberry leaves appears in contrast, few leaves of mulberry trees planted in the mode of the invention show ring rot; in autumn, when large-scale red spider pests appear in contrast, the disease of the red spiders of the mulberry tree is extremely light in the mode of the invention, which is beneficial to ensuring the stable yield of the mulberry leaves.
4. In a 30-mu demonstration park, 50 silkworms are cultivated all year round by farmers in a contrast mode, and 70 silkworms are cultivated all year round by farmers in a mode of the invention. The total income of the whole year is 8000-12000 yuan/mu, the net income is 10-13 ten thousand, 3-4.5 yuan higher than the contrast, and the labor cost is greatly saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a mulberry field in the method for cultivating a mulberry leaf of the present invention.
In the figure: 100 ridges, 200 mulberry seedlings, 300 water pipes, A narrow rows, B wide rows, L1 ridge width, L2 narrow row width and L3 wide row width.
Detailed Description
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The method for cultivating the mulberry leaves described in the embodiment is experimentally set in Qingshen county, Sichuan, and the mulberry field is selected from the land which is soft in soil, has a plough layer larger than 25cm, has water resources guaranteed, has good ventilation, is neutral and acid, and is not a saline-alkali soil; when the garden is built for the first time, deep ploughing is needed to be carried out for more than 30cm, and ploughing the thoroughly decomposed oil cake with the volume of 5000kg per mu into soil; the garden building time is 12 months in winter, and the area of the garden is 30-50 mu. As shown in figure 1, a mulberry field forms a ridge 100 and maintains a ridge body structure, the ridge width L1 is 0.5m, the ridge height is 0.2m, and mulberry seedlings 200 are planted on the ridge 100; planting mulberry seedlings at the following intervals: the width L3 of the wide row B is 1.5m, the width L2 of the narrow row A is 0.4m, and the row spacing is 0.5 m. The mulberry seedling is a grafted seedling, the grafted seedling takes 'Yue Mulberry No. 11' as a stock and takes a strong Mulberry No. 2 or Nongsang No. 14 mulberry variety as a scion; firstly, fixedly planting the stock in a mulberry field, and grafting after the stock is fixedly planted and survived; shallow planting is adopted for field planting, the planting depth is increased, and the root neck of a mulberry seedling is buried by 5 cm; selecting 1-2 year-old seedlings with the diameter of 0.7-1.2cm for the rootstocks; 2-3 buds are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 20cm, and the rest is cut off. Pruning mulberry seedlings twice a year, wherein the pruning is divided into winter pruning and summer pruning; the winter cutting is carried out within one week before the winter in the current year, and the summer cutting is carried out in the beginning of the summer in the current year; when cutting, cutting all branches which are 20cm higher than the ridge surface, and reserving 6-8 effective branches; and discarding the branches left after pruning in the narrow rows, and naturally degrading and returning to the field. White clover is planted in the narrow rows for a long time, and vine-climbing vegetables and fruits, root-mustard or short-term vegetables are planted in the wide rows.
The mulberry leaves on the mulberry seedlings are preferentially supplied to the middle and lower leaves, and the upper leaves are kept before the 5 th instar of silkworms, but only the top leaves can be kept.
Installing a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system in a mulberry field, wherein the drip irrigation system comprises a plurality of drip irrigation pipes 300 for supplying water/fertilizer to mulberry seedlings, and a plurality of water droppers are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation pipes 300; the drip irrigation pipes 300 are arranged on two inner side edges of the narrow row A, and the distance between two adjacent drippers on the same drip irrigation pipe is 0.9 m; the drippers of the two drip irrigation pipes in the same narrow line are arranged in a staggered way.
The mulberry seedlings are fertilized 4-5 times per year. In the embodiment, decomposed silkworm excrement is used as an organic fertilizer for fertilization, and the fertilizer is fertilized 5 times per year. And ploughing the decomposed silkworm excrement organic fertilizer into soil by using a micro-cultivator after 11 months of winter cutting in winter and 6 months of summer cutting in summer. The amount of faeces Bombycis turned over is 2000 kg. Because the silkworm excrement is not uniform in nutrients after being decomposed, the silkworm is cultivated in spring silkworm (from the middle of 4 months to the upper of 6 months), early autumn silkworm (from the lower of 7 months to the lower of 8 months), mid autumn silkworm (from the lower of 8 months to the lower of 9 months), and late autumn silkworm (Late 9 th to late 10 th) and after summer harvest (late 6 th to late), the mulberry field needs to be topdressed with inorganic fertilizer. The fertilizer and water integrated irrigation system is adopted for fertilization, the applied fertilizer is liquid fertilizer, the application amount of the liquid fertilizer of 30kg per mu is divided into 2-3 groups for application according to the principle of 'a small amount for multiple times' for each fertilization, and the application interval time is about 10 days at intervals according to the weather condition. The fertilization proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the liquid fertilizer is 10: 6: 6. after summer felling, applying microelements with the amount of CaSO per mu each time by using a fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system430g、ZnSO420g、MgSO410g，FeSO45g，CuSO45g。
In the fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system, the drippers are upward, the flow rate of single drip irrigation is 2L/h, and the irrigation water is irrigated for 0.5-1h each time; the soil humidity on the ridges is not lower than 30%, and water-saving irrigation needs to be carried out according to the principle of small quantity and multiple times in case of continuous drought.
Installing a black light lamp or sticky yellow paper in the mulberry field; 3-5 sticky yellow paper or 1 black light lamp per mu on average. The mulberry trunks need to be whitewashed and sprayed with insecticide in narrow rows every year after summer cutting and winter cutting to protect the mulberry trunks and prevent trunk-boring pests. The whitening agent is self-made copper sulfate lime whitening agent (500 g of copper sulfate, 10kg of quicklime and 25kg of water). The pesticide is 50% fenitrothion emulsion diluted by 80 times, and the dosage of the pesticide per mu is about 20 g.
The inventor traces and records soil fertility, mulberry leaf yield and pest control effect data in three years, and compares the data with a contemporary '6215' + conventional fertilization mode, and specific effects are compared as follows.
The soil fertility improvement effect is compared.
Compared with the conventional mode and the mode of the invention, the mulberry field is located in different plots of the same area, the climatic conditions and the geographical conditions are the same, and the total nitrogen content, the organic matter content, the available phosphorus content and the soil quick-acting potassium content of the soil have certain objective differences due to the fact that the mulberry field belongs to different plots. However, compared with the content of the organic matter in the soil N, P, K before and after the mulberry field is built, the method can obviously improve the fertility of the soil, and has very obvious effect compared with the negative increase of N, the organic matter and P in the conventional method. Meanwhile, the content of K is greatly increased. The fertility condition of the soil directly determines the yield of the mulberry leaves.
TABLE II average yield per mu effect of mulberry leaf
Long leaf yield per meter
In the mode of the embodiment, the length of the branch is 50-80 cm longer than that of a control (6215 + conventional fertilization), and the leaf yield per meter of the branch is over 160 g.
As can be seen from the second and third tables, the yield of the mulberry leaves is more stable by adopting the mode, while the yield of the mulberry leaves is low and the yield fluctuation is large by adopting the 6215 planting mode and a conventional fertilizing mode, and is particularly greatly influenced by climatic conditions and plant diseases and insect pests. In 2016, ring spot in spring and brown spot in autumn appear, and influence the output of mulberry leaves.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A leaf mulberry cultivation method is characterized in that ridging is carried out in a mulberry field, the structure of a ridge body is kept, the width of the ridge is 0.5m, the height of the ridge is 0.2m, and mulberry seedlings are planted on the ridge; selecting a soil which is soft in soil quality, has a plough layer larger than 25cm, has a guaranteed water source, has good ventilation, is neutral and acid, and is not a saline-alkali soil; when a garden is built for the first time, deep ploughing is needed to be carried out for more than 30cm, and ploughing organic fertilizer with the weight of 5000kg per mu into soil;
planting mulberry seedlings at the following intervals: the width of the wide row is 1.5m, the width of the narrow row is 0.4m, and the plant spacing in the row is 0.5 m; white clover is planted in the narrow row for a long time, the mulberry seedling is a grafted seedling, the grafted seedling takes Yuehong mulberry No. 11 as a stock, and a strong mulberry No. 2 or Nongsang No. 14 mulberry variety is taken as a scion; firstly, fixedly planting the stock in a mulberry field, and grafting after the stock is fixedly planted and survived; shallow planting is adopted for field planting, the planting depth is increased, and the root neck of a mulberry seedling is buried by 5 cm; pruning the mulberry seedlings twice every year, wherein the pruning is divided into winter cutting and summer cutting; the winter cutting is carried out within one week before the winter in the current year, and the summer cutting is carried out in the beginning of the summer in the current year; when cutting, cutting all branches which are 20cm higher than the ridge surface, and reserving 6-8 effective branches; discarding the branches left after pruning in the narrow rows, and naturally degrading and returning to the field;
a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is installed in the mulberry field, the drip irrigation system comprises a plurality of drip irrigation pipes for supplying water/fertilizer to mulberry seedlings, and a plurality of water droppers are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation pipes; the drip irrigation pipes are arranged at the two inner side edges of the narrow row, and the distance between two adjacent drippers on the same drip irrigation pipe is 0.9 m; the drippers of the two drip irrigation pipes in the same narrow line are arranged in a staggered way;
the mulberry seedlings are fertilized for 4-5 times per year, a fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system is adopted for fertilization, and the fertilization proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10: 6: 6;
the drippers are upward, the flow rate of single drip irrigation is 2L/h, and the irrigation water is 0.5-1h each time; the soil humidity on the ridges is not lower than 30%.
2. The leaf mulberry cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the wide rows are nested with creeper vegetables and fruits, kohlrabi or short-term vegetables.
3. A leaf mulberry cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the mulberry field is built for 12 months in winter, and the area of the field is 30-50 mu.
4. The method for cultivating a mulberry leaf according to claim 1, wherein the stock is selected from 1-2 year old nursery stock with a diameter of 0.7-1.2 cm; 2-3 buds are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 20cm, and the rest is cut off.
5. The cultivation method of mulberry leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein black light lamp or adhesive yellow paper is installed in the mulberry field; 3-5 sticky yellow paper or 1 black light lamp per mu on average.
6. A method of cultivating a leaf mulberry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mulberry leaves on the young mulberry are supplied preferentially to the middle and lower leaves, and the upper leaves are retained until 5 years old, not only the top leaves.
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102939840A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-02-27 | 广西象州华佳蚕种场有限公司 | Cultivation method of mulberries in karst stony desertification mountain |
| CN104145653A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 刘万顺 | Cultivating method for planting low-trunk mulberry trees in two rows on one ridge and interplanting vegetables |
| CN104920148A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | 傅美娜 | Mulberry garden intercropping soybean comprehensive planting pattern |
-
2018
- 2018-05-03 CN CN201810415687.3A patent/CN108925330B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102939840A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-02-27 | 广西象州华佳蚕种场有限公司 | Cultivation method of mulberries in karst stony desertification mountain |
| CN104145653A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 刘万顺 | Cultivating method for planting low-trunk mulberry trees in two rows on one ridge and interplanting vegetables |
| CN104920148A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | 傅美娜 | Mulberry garden intercropping soybean comprehensive planting pattern |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 温室果桑生产管理技术;冯赞成;《农村科技》;20140430(第4期);第54-55页 * |
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