CN108848742B - Low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method for konjak bulbs - Google Patents
Low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method for konjak bulbs Download PDFInfo
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- CN108848742B CN108848742B CN201810659857.2A CN201810659857A CN108848742B CN 108848742 B CN108848742 B CN 108848742B CN 201810659857 A CN201810659857 A CN 201810659857A CN 108848742 B CN108848742 B CN 108848742B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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Abstract
A low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method for konjak bulbs comprises the steps of airing picked konjak bulbs, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs by 2000-2500 times of potassium permanganate or dressing seeds by using a bactericide, placing the konjak bulbs into baskets, placing the konjak bulbs in each basket in a single layer mode, enabling germination nests of the konjak bulbs to face upwards, placing the konjak bulbs into a storage warehouse for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment, controlling the temperature to be 12-14 ℃ at the beginning stage, keeping the temperature to be 9-10 ℃ for 39-41 days, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage warehouse, controlling the relative humidity of air in the storage warehouse to be 55-65% during the whole low-temperature germination accelerating treatment period, and keeping the storage warehouse in a dark condition. By adopting the method, the loss rate of the konjak bulbs is lower than 0.1 percent, the operation is simple and convenient, the processing time is short and is not more than 48 days, the cost is saved, the seedling emergence time is short, 80 percent of seedlings emerge within 10 days, the seedling emergence rate is as high as more than 98.9 percent, the method can be used for low-temperature centralized germination accelerating processing in konjak producing areas in China, and the processed konjak bulbs can be planted in hot areas of Yunnan in 1 month and can also be planted in greenhouses all over the country in the whole year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method for konjak bulbs.
Background
Konjak is an important economic crop, belongs to bulb horticultural plants of the genus konjak of the family of the Araceae, and has the scientific name:Amorphophallus spp. The current cultivated species are mainly amorphophallus konjac, konjac alba and bulbil konjac. Konjak cultivation is mainly focused on countries such as china, japan, korea, and thailand in asia. The konjak is planted in China for a long time, but is mainly planted in front of and behind houses. At present, the large-scale konjak planting region is mainly concentrated in Yunnan province, Hunan province, Shanxi province and the like, and Yunnan province is the province with the largest konjak planting area. But the main mode of the current konjak large-scale planting is 3-month bottom sowing and 11-month bottom harvesting. For konjak bulb breeding enterprises, seed-breeding bulbsStorage time of approximately 4 months is required, and a large amount of warehousing cost is required. The storage of the konjak bulbs for Yunnan production mainly comprises room-temperature stacking storage, cellar storage and open-field overwintering storage. The incidence of the seed balls for production is extremely high during storage due to the large amount of stacked seed balls, and the production cost of seed ball production enterprises is increased. Cellar storage is not suitable for large-scale production, and outdoor overwintering storage can cause the corms to be bitten by underground pests. The day and night temperature difference of the seed ball storage room in the konjak production area is large, the day temperature is about 20 ℃, the night temperature is about 4 ℃, and the low-temperature-high-temperature-low-temperature-high-temperature change is repeated every day, so that the quality of the produced konjak seed balls is reduced, and the seedling emergence in the field is irregular or the seedling emergence rate is low.
According to the method, the dormancy konjak bulbs produced in Yunnan local areas are treated at a constant low temperature, so that the dormancy of the konjak can be quickly broken, the quality of the bulbs is kept, the early planting or annual planting of the konjak is realized, the production cost of the konjak bulbs is reduced, and the germination rate and the uniformity of the konjak bulbs are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method for konjak bulbs, which aims to solve the problems in the existing konjak bulb treatment technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method of the konjac seedballs is characterized in that picked konjac seedballs are aired, then are disinfected by 2000-2500 times of potassium permanganate or are mixed with bactericide for seed dressing, then are placed into baskets, the konjac seedballs are placed in each basket in a single layer mode, the germination nest of each konjac seedball is upward, the baskets with the konjac seedballs are placed into a storage warehouse for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment, and a ventilation fan, refrigeration equipment and an automatic temperature and humidity recorder are installed in the storage warehouse, wherein the low-temperature germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: and in the initial stage, the temperature is controlled to be 12-14 ℃ and kept for 6-7 days, then the temperature is adjusted to be 9-10 ℃ and kept for 39-41 days, and then the seeds are taken out of the storage warehouse, the relative humidity of the air in the storage warehouse is controlled to be 55-65% in the whole low-temperature germination accelerating treatment period, and the storage warehouse is kept in a dark condition. Further, the ventilation fan in the storage warehouse is automatically started every 6 hours, the ventilation fan continuously works for 1 hour, the air in the storage warehouse is updated, and the relative humidity of the air in the storage warehouse is kept to be controlled at 55-65%.
Further, the bactericide is mixed with one of a 50% carbendazim 800-fold liquid, a 75% chlorothalonil 800-fold liquid or a 70% thiophanate methyl 800-fold liquid.
Further, the step of airing the dug konjak bulbs is to air the dug konjak bulbs for 1-2 days.
Further, after the konjac seed balls are classified according to the weight of the konjac seed balls when the konjac seed balls are filled into the baskets, the konjac seed balls filled into each basket are of the same level, and the classification according to the weight of the konjac seed balls is as follows: the weight of the konjak bulbs is divided into 5 grades of less than 50g, 50-100 g, 100-200 g, 200-300 g and 300-500 g.
Furthermore, baskets containing the konjak bulbs in the storage warehouse are arranged in rows, the distance between the edges of two adjacent rows of baskets containing the konjak bulbs is 50-60 cm, and no more than 12 baskets containing the konjak bulbs are stacked from bottom to top in each row.
Further, the basket of dress konjaku seedball is porose basket, and the height of its basket is 15 ~ 17cm, and the upper surface of the konjaku seedball of packing into in the basket is less than 1 ~ 3cm of basket top surface.
Further, the record of the humiture automatic recorder is set to be automatically recorded once every 2 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the loss rate of the konjac seed balls treated by the method is lower than 0.1%, the operation is simple and convenient, the treatment time is as short as 48 days at most, the cost is saved, the seedling emergence time is shortened by more than 50 days, the seedling emergence rate is as high as more than 98.9%, compared with the conventional room-temperature treatment, the loss rate of the konjac seed balls is reduced by 99%, the seedling emergence time is saved by at least 50 days, and the seedling emergence rate is improved by more than 22%.
The method is easy to popularize and can be used for low-temperature centralized germination acceleration treatment in konjak producing areas in China. The treated konjak bulbs can be planted in a Yunnan hot area for 1 month, and can also be planted in greenhouses all over the country in a year.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) digging, grading and sterilizing konjac bulbs: the konjak corm normally grows in summer and naturally falls off in autumn. And (3) digging Yunnan Lincang Gunn four-row mountain natural falling departments, namely, falling bulbil konjak bulbs in 11 months in 2015, removing silt carried by the bulbs, airing the bulbs for 1d on a moisture surface, and dividing the bulbs into 5 grades of 50g, 50-100 g, 100-200 g, 200-300 g and 300-500g according to the weight of the bulbs. The air-dried konjak bulbs are soaked in 2000 times of potassium permanganate solution for 20min for cleaning and disinfection, then the konjak bulbs are placed in perforated plastic black baskets with the length, width and height of 60cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 15cm, the konjak bulbs are placed in each basket in a single layer mode, the bud pits of the konjak bulbs are exposed upwards, and the konjak bulbs with the same grade are placed in each basket.
(2) Warehousing the seed balls for low-temperature germination acceleration treatment, and using 40% formaldehyde 10 ml/warehouse m before warehousing the seed balls3+ Potassium permanganate 5 g/storage m3Fumigating the storage. And (3) stacking 10 plastic black baskets on the baskets containing the konjak bulbs, and putting the baskets into a storage according to rows, wherein the distance between the edges of two adjacent rows of baskets is 50 cm.
(3) Monitoring the temperature and humidity in the corm storage warehouse: a wonderful TH11R type humiture automatic recorder is installed in a storage warehouse and monitors the humiture in the warehouse.
(4) And (3) low-temperature germination accelerating treatment in a storage warehouse: and (3) installing a ventilation fan and refrigeration equipment in the storage warehouse, controlling the temperature of the basket filled with the konjak bulbs in the storage warehouse to be 12-14 ℃ for 7 days at the beginning stage of placing the basket in the storage warehouse, then adjusting the temperature in the storage warehouse to be 9-10 ℃ for 41 days, and taking out the konjak bulbs from the storage warehouse for field planting. The whole low-temperature germination accelerating treatment period from the time when the basket filled with the konjak bulbs are placed into the storage warehouse to the time when the konjak bulbs are taken out of the storage warehouse is 48 days, the relative humidity of air in the storage warehouse is controlled to be 55-65%, the storage warehouse is kept in a dark condition, the ventilating fan in the storage warehouse is automatically started every 6 hours, the work is continued for 1 hour, and the air in the storage warehouse is updated to keep the relative humidity of the air in the storage warehouse to be controlled to be 55-65%.
(5) Planting and checking: and (3) planting the bulbil konjac seedballs subjected to low-temperature germination accelerating treatment in the step (4) and the bulbil konjac seedballs stored indoors for 48 days under natural conditions in the same place with Yunnan lincang Meng (with an altitude of 600m and without frost). The emergence results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistics of different storage modes of konjak bulbs
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the prior art, the seed rotting rate of the konjac seedball treated by the method is only 0.1%, namely the loss rate of the konjac seedball is only 0.1%, the loss rate of the konjac seedball is reduced by 99%, the seedling emergence time is shortened by 50 days, the seedling emergence rate of the konjac seedball reaches 80% within 10 days, and the seedlings continuously emerge from the konjac seedball treated at room temperature for about 60 days. The emergence rate of the konjak bulbs of the invention is up to 99%, which is improved to 22.2% compared with the prior art.
Example 2
Example 2 the procedure was the same as in example 1 except for the following specific operations.
(1) Digging, grading and sterilizing konjac bulbs: and (4) digging the bulbil konjac seedballs after seedling dumping in natural falling families of Yunan Lincang Genng Ma Ding Jian in 2016 (12) months. And (5) after drying for 2d, soaking the whole konjak bulbil bulbs in 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl solution, and taking out (seed dressing).
(4) And (3) low-temperature germination accelerating treatment in a storage warehouse: and (3) placing the basket filled with the konjak bulbs into the storage warehouse at the beginning stage, controlling the temperature in the storage warehouse at 12-14 ℃ for 6 days, then adjusting the temperature in the storage warehouse at 9-10 ℃ for 40 days, taking out the konjak bulbs from the storage warehouse, and carrying out field planting (whole low-temperature germination acceleration treatment for 45 days).
(5) Planting and checking: the bulbil konjak bulbs subjected to low-temperature pregermination treatment by the method are planted in the same land with the bulbs stored indoors for 45 days under natural conditions. The emergence results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 statistics of different storage modes of konjak bulbs
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the prior art, the seed rotting rate of the konjak bulbs treated by the method is only 0.1% (namely the seed loss rate of the konjak bulbs is only 0.08%), the seed loss rate of the konjak bulbs is reduced by 99.36%, the seedling emergence time is shortened by 52 days, the seedling emergence rate of the konjak bulbs within 10 days reaches 80%, and the seedlings continuously emerge from the konjak bulbs treated at room temperature for about 62 days. The emergence rate of the konjak bulbs treated by the method is up to 98.9 percent, which is improved by 22.9 percent compared with the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. A low-temperature germination accelerating treatment method for konjak bulbs is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) airing picked konjak bulbs, disinfecting the konjak bulbs with 2000-2500 times of liquid or dressing seeds with a bactericide, then putting the konjak bulbs into baskets, putting the konjak bulbs in each basket in a single layer manner with germination nests upward, putting the baskets with the konjak bulbs into a storehouse for low-temperature germination acceleration, installing an air exchange fan, a refrigerating device and an automatic temperature and humidity recorder in the storehouse, wherein the low-temperature germination acceleration is carried out: the method comprises the following steps of controlling the temperature to be 12-14 ℃ for 6-7 days at the beginning, adjusting the temperature to be 9-10 ℃ for 39-41 days, taking the konjak bulbs out of a storage warehouse, controlling the relative humidity of air in the storage warehouse to be 55% -65% during the whole low-temperature germination accelerating treatment period, keeping the dark condition in the storage warehouse, placing baskets containing the konjak bulbs in the storage warehouse in rows, keeping the distance between the edges of every two adjacent rows of baskets containing the konjak bulbs to be 50-60 cm, piling up no more than 12 baskets containing the konjak bulbs from bottom to top in each row, wherein the baskets containing the konjak bulbs are perforated baskets, the height of each basket is 15-17 cm, and the upper surface of the konjak bulbs filled in the baskets is 1-3 cm lower than the top surface of the basket.
2. The method for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment of konjak bulbs of claim 1, wherein: and automatically starting the ventilation fan in the storage room every 6 hours, continuously working for 1 hour, updating the air in the storage room and keeping the relative humidity of the air in the storage room to be controlled at 55-65%.
3. The method for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment of konjak bulbs of claim 1, wherein: the bactericide is prepared from one of 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times liquid.
4. The method for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment of konjak bulbs of claim 1, wherein: the airing of the picked konjak bulbs is to air the picked konjak bulbs for 1-2 days.
5. The method for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment of konjak bulbs of claim 1, wherein: after the konjac seed balls are graded according to the weight of the konjac seed balls when the konjac seed balls are filled into the baskets, the konjac seed balls filled into each basket are the same grade of konjac seeds, and the grading treatment according to the weight of the konjac seed balls is as follows: the weight of the konjak bulbs is divided into 5 grades of less than 50g, 50-100 g, 100-200 g, 200-300 g and 300-500 g.
6. The method for low-temperature germination accelerating treatment of konjak bulbs of claim 1, wherein: the record of the temperature and humidity automatic recorder is set to be automatically recorded once every 2 hours.
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