CN109315252B - Seedling and transplanting method for winter-planting potatoes - Google Patents
Seedling and transplanting method for winter-planting potatoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of winter potatoes, in particular to a seedling raising and transplanting method for winter potatoes, which comprises the following steps of treating potato blocks by integrating related technical means such as seed selection, seed drying, slicing, pretreatment, germination acceleration and the like, and can effectively promote the germination of potatoes; in the seed potato dicing step, the top is obliquely cut spirally according to the order of the bud eyes, so that the bud eyes have top advantages, and the growth of buds can be effectively promoted; when accelerating germination, potato and sandy loam are piled up in an interval accumulation mode, a layer of turf is covered on the surface of the sandy loam layer to serve as a water retention layer, the effects of heat preservation and moisture retention are achieved in the sprouting process of the potato layer, and sprouting of the potatoes can be promoted rapidly.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of winter potatoes, in particular to a seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes.
[ background of the invention ]
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), Solanum of the solanaceae family, annual herbaceous plants, also known as potatoes, ground eggs, potatoes, and the like. The potato is one of five staple foods in China, has high nutritive value, strong adaptability and high yield, is the fourth most important grain crop in the world, and is second to wheat, rice and corn. The winter potato seeds are mainly cultivated in a potato seed cutting and direct seeding mode in China, the mode is easily influenced by weather conditions and natural factors, the potato seeds are easily sown late due to continuous rainfall, the illumination, temperature and rainfall conditions at the time are very unfavorable for the sprouting and seedling emergence and seedling growth of the potatoes, and the phenomena of low emergence rate, irregular seedling emergence, low plant disease resistance and the like easily occur; or the seeds are rotten and do not emerge in rainy season after sowing; and the rainy season comes gradually in 2-3 months every year, the rainfall is increased, and the late blight is easy to occur. In recent years, due to seedling rotten seed, non-emergence and late blight caused by rainfall, the yield of potatoes is reduced seriously or even the potatoes are dead, the income of growers is influenced, the winter potato seedling transplanting mode is used for cultivation, the seedling temperature, humidity and illumination conditions can be controlled artificially, the possibility of yield reduction caused by reduction of emergence rate due to drought, low-temperature freeze damage, rainfall and the like in the seedling emergence period is reduced, meanwhile, the field growth period can be shortened, the potatoes can be harvested in advance to be listed, and the economic benefit is improved. Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the current winter potato seedling raising is how to break the dormancy of potatoes, improve the germination rate of winter potatoes, improve the field emergence rate of the potatoes and reduce the infection rate of diseases and insect pests of the potatoes caused by low temperature, rainfall and the like in winter.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need for a seedling transplanting method that breaks dormancy of potatoes, increases germination rate of winter potatoes, increases emergence rate of potato fields, reduces infection rate of potato diseases and insect pests due to low temperature and rainfall in winter, and increases potato yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting potato blocks which are free of diseases and freezing injury, have smooth skins and are 50-100g in size as seed potatoes;
(2) sun-drying seeds: placing potato seeds on a seed drying rack for drying seeds in the sun at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, wherein the seed drying time is 2-3 days;
(3) seed potato dicing: disinfecting the potato dice cutting tool by using a disinfectant, wherein at least 1 bud eye is reserved in each potato dice cutting process, and the weight of each potato dice is 25-30 g;
(4) pregermination pretreatment: soaking the potato blocks in 200 times of 100-;
(5) accelerating germination: putting the potato blocks wrapped with the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) in a ventilated and cool indoor environment for accelerating germination, and growing seedlings of the germinated potato blocks after accelerating germination for 7 days;
(6) seedling culture: placing the potato blocks germinated in the step (5) on a seedling raising tray for seed arrangement and seedling raising, firstly placing 1cm of sandy loam on the tray, selecting to place the potato blocks in the morning on a sunny day with upward bud eyes and 2-3cm of distance, and covering soil for 3-4cm after seed arrangement; then placing the seedling tray on a three-layer wooden frame, carrying out light treatment, keeping the temperature at 16-18 ℃, and keeping the water content of the soil at 5% -7%; when the seedlings grow to 2cm, placing the tray under the sunlight for hardening and drying so as to ensure that the seedlings of the potatoes turn green and thick;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the potato seeds which become coarse and green and have the seedling length of 2cm into a field.
Further, the method for cutting the potato seeds in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the potato chips are obliquely cut from the tail parts of the potato chips to the top parts in a spiral manner according to the bud eye sequence, each chip is cut with 1-2 bud eyes, and finally the top buds are divided into two parts.
Further, the germination accelerating method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: placing a wood board on the ground, and stacking potatoes and sandy loam in an interval stacking mode of 'sandy soil layer-potato layer-sandy soil layer', wherein 2-3 potato layers are stacked at intervals; finally covering a water-retaining layer on the surface of the sandy loam layer, and keeping the temperature at 16-18 ℃; the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 2cm-4cm, and the water content is 5% -9%.
Furthermore, the water-retaining layer is green turf, and the grass planted on the turf is ophiopogon japonicus.
Further, the disinfectant in the step (3) is composed of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and water according to the weight ratio of 2-5:1-3: 15-20.
Further, the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) is composed of plant ash, naphthylacetic acid, salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin according to the weight ratio of 15-20:3-7:1-3: 2-5.
Further, the light processing of the step (6) is as follows: performing a program of 'dark treatment for 120 min-red light irradiation for 60 min-blue light irradiation for 70 min-green light irradiation for 30 min-orange light irradiation for 30 min-white light irradiation for 60 min-dark treatment for 120 min'; the illumination intensity of the red light is 1000Lx-1200 Lx; the illumination intensity of the blue light is 800Lx-1000 Lx; the illumination intensity of the green light is 1200Lx-1500 Lx; the illumination intensity of orange light is 500Lx-1000 Lx; the illumination intensity of the white light is 800Lx-1000 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment is 3-4 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the seedling raising method, potato blocks are treated by integrating related technical means such as seed selection, seed sunning, slicing, pretreatment and germination acceleration, so that the germination of potatoes can be effectively promoted; in the seed potato dicing step, the top is obliquely cut spirally according to the order of the bud eyes, so that the bud eyes have top advantages, and the growth of buds can be effectively promoted; when vernalization, potato and sandy loam are piled up according to the interval accumulation mode of "sandy loam layer-potato layer-sandy loam layer" in this application, and simultaneously, cover one deck turf again on sandy loam layer surface as guarantor's water layer again, this is because, pile up potato layer and sandy loam layer through the mode of piling up at intervals, for the potato layer is at the in-process that sprouts, it produces certain heat, can be kept warm by sandy loam layer, and simultaneously, cover behind the turf, the moisture content on sandy loam layer is difficult for being evaporated, can provide suitable humidity for the potato layer, under the condition that temperature, humidity are suitable, can promote the sprouting of potato fast.
2. The germination accelerating powder is self-made by an applicant, the main effective components of the germination accelerating powder are plant ash, naphthylacetic acid, salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharins, and the plant ash is a substrate commonly used for accelerating germination among the components, but the potato of the application is cut into pieces and has a cut, so that the growth of potato stem blocks is influenced to a certain extent, and therefore, the applicant researches and discovers that the cell differentiation can be effectively promoted after the potato stem blocks are cooperated with the naphthylacetic acid, and the dormant period of the winter potatoes is further broken; salicylic acid can reduce the content of phenolic substances in tubers and improve PPO activity; the germination of the buds is promoted, however, in the germination process, the wound incision which can lead to the wound is infected unavoidably due to the influence of external conditions, and the amino-oligosaccharin are cooperated to promote the germination and also effectively play a role in bacteriostasis.
3. This application adopts the mode of light processing in turn to sprout the potato to grow seedlings, and different light qualities have different influences to the potato, carries out illumination processing in turn and can effectively promote the dry matter accumulation of potato that sprouts to promote the growth of seedling. The content of soluble sugar in winter potatoes can be adjusted through different light irradiation, so that the soluble sugar can induce the growth of potato seedlings, however, the influence of different light irradiation on the dry matter and the content of the soluble sugar in potato bodies is different, so that the light irradiation program and combination are very important, and the inventor finds that the growth of the potato seedlings can be accelerated by 1-2 days through the light irradiation program.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) is merely an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless explicitly described as such.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting potato blocks which are free of diseases and freezing injury, smooth in surface and 50g in size as seed potatoes;
(2) sun-drying seeds: placing potato seeds on a seed drying rack for drying seeds in the sun at the temperature of 15 ℃, wherein the seed drying time is 2 days;
(3) seed potato dicing: disinfecting the potato dice cutting tool by using a disinfectant (wherein the disinfectant consists of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and water according to the weight ratio of 2:1: 15), and at least 1 bud eye is reserved in each potato dice cutting process, and the weight of each potato dice is 25 g; the dicing method comprises the following specific steps: spirally beveling the potato blocks to the top in the bud eye sequence from the tail parts of the potato blocks, cutting each potato block with 1 bud eye, and finally dividing the top bud into two parts;
(4) pregermination pretreatment: soaking the potato blocks in 100 times of carbendazim solution for 8min after cutting, taking out and drying, and then throwing germination accelerating powder (wherein the germination accelerating powder consists of plant ash, naphthylacetic acid, salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin in a weight ratio of 15:3:1: 2) onto the surfaces of the potato blocks so that the germination accelerating powder is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the potato blocks;
(5) accelerating germination: and (3) placing the potato blocks wrapped with the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) in a ventilated and cool indoor environment for accelerating germination, wherein the germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: placing a wood board on the ground, stacking potatoes and sandy loam according to a spaced stacking mode of 'sandy soil layer-potato layer-sandy soil layer', and stacking 2 potato layers at intervals; covering a water-retaining layer on the surface of the sandy loam layer, wherein the water-retaining layer is green turf, the grass planted on the turf is ophiopogon japonicus, and the temperature is kept at 16 ℃; the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 2cm, the water content is 5%, and the germinated potato blocks are subjected to seedling culture after germination acceleration for 7 days;
(6) seedling culture: placing the potato blocks germinated in the step (5) on a seedling raising tray for seed arrangement and seedling raising, firstly placing 1cm of sandy loam on the tray, selecting to place the potato blocks in the morning on a sunny day with upward bud eyes and 2cm intervals, and covering soil for 3cm after seed arrangement; then placing the seedling tray on a three-layer wooden frame, carrying out light treatment, keeping the temperature at 16 ℃, and keeping the water content of the soil at 5%; when the seedlings grow to 2cm, placing the tray under the sunlight for hardening and drying so as to ensure that the seedlings of the potatoes turn green and thick; wherein the light treatment is as follows: performing a program of 'dark treatment for 120 min-red light irradiation for 60 min-blue light irradiation for 70 min-green light irradiation for 30 min-orange light irradiation for 30 min-white light irradiation for 60 min-dark treatment for 120 min'; the illumination intensity of the red light is 1000 Lx; the blue light illumination intensity is 800 Lx; the green light illumination intensity is 1200 Lx; the illumination intensity of orange light is 500 Lx; the illumination intensity of white light is 800 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment is 3 days;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the potato seeds which become coarse and green and have the seedling length of 2cm into a field.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting potato blocks which are free of diseases and freezing injury, smooth in surface and 100g in size as seed potatoes;
(2) sun-drying seeds: placing potato seeds on a seed drying rack for drying seeds in the sun at the temperature of 20 ℃, wherein the seed drying time is 3 days;
(3) seed potato dicing: disinfecting the potato dice cutting tool by using a disinfectant (wherein the disinfectant consists of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and water according to a weight ratio of 5:3: 20), and at least 1 bud eye is reserved in each potato dice cutting process, and the weight of each potato dice is 30 g; the dicing method comprises the following specific steps: spirally beveling the potato blocks to the top in the bud eye sequence from the tail parts of the potato blocks, cutting each potato block with 2 bud eyes, and finally dividing the top buds into two parts;
(4) pregermination pretreatment: soaking the potato blocks in 200 times of carbendazim solution for 10min after cutting, taking out and drying, and then throwing germination accelerating powder (wherein the germination accelerating powder consists of plant ash, naphthylacetic acid, salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin in a weight ratio of 20:7:3: 5) onto the surfaces of the potato blocks so that the germination accelerating powder is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the potato blocks;
(5) accelerating germination: and (3) placing the potato blocks wrapped with the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) in a ventilated and cool indoor environment for accelerating germination, wherein the germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: placing a wood board on the ground, stacking potatoes and sandy loam according to a spaced stacking mode of 'sandy soil layer-potato layer-sandy soil layer', and stacking 3 potato layers at intervals; covering a water-retaining layer on the surface of the sandy loam layer, wherein the water-retaining layer is green turf, the grass planted on the turf is ophiopogon japonicus, and the temperature is kept at 18 ℃; the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 4cm, the water content is 9%, and the germinated potato blocks are subjected to seedling culture after germination acceleration for 7 days;
(6) seedling culture: placing the potato blocks germinated in the step (5) on a seedling raising tray for seed arrangement and seedling raising, firstly placing 1cm of sandy loam on the tray, selecting to place the potato blocks in the morning on a sunny day with upward bud eyes and 3cm intervals, and covering soil for 4cm after seed arrangement; then placing the seedling tray on a three-layer wooden frame, carrying out light treatment, keeping the temperature at 18 ℃, and keeping the water content of the soil at 7%; when the seedlings grow to 2cm, placing the tray under the sunlight for hardening and drying so as to ensure that the seedlings of the potatoes turn green and thick; wherein the light treatment is as follows: performing a program of 'dark treatment for 120 min-red light irradiation for 60 min-blue light irradiation for 70 min-green light irradiation for 30 min-orange light irradiation for 30 min-white light irradiation for 60 min-dark treatment for 120 min'; the illumination intensity of the red light is 1200 Lx; the blue light illumination intensity is 1000 Lx; the illumination intensity of green light is 1500 Lx; the illumination intensity of orange light is 1000 Lx; the illumination intensity of white light is 1000 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment is 4 days;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the potato seeds which become coarse and green and have the seedling length of 2cm into a field.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting potato blocks which are free of diseases and freezing injury, smooth in surface and 90g in size as seed potatoes;
(2) sun-drying seeds: placing potato seeds on a seed drying rack for drying seeds in the sun at the temperature of 18 ℃, wherein the seed drying time is 3 days;
(3) seed potato dicing: disinfecting the potato dice tool by using a disinfectant (wherein the disinfectant consists of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and water according to the weight ratio of 3:2: 17), and at least 1-2 bud eyes are reserved in each potato dice, and the weight of each potato dice is about 28 g; the dicing method comprises the following specific steps: spirally beveling the potato blocks to the top in the bud eye sequence from the tail parts of the potato blocks, cutting each potato block with 2 bud eyes, and finally dividing the top buds into two parts;
(4) pregermination pretreatment: soaking the potato blocks in 150 times of carbendazim solution for 9min after cutting, taking out and drying, and then throwing germination accelerating powder (wherein the germination accelerating powder consists of plant ash, naphthylacetic acid, salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin in a weight ratio of 18:5:2: 3) onto the surfaces of the potato blocks so that the germination accelerating powder is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the potato blocks;
(5) accelerating germination: and (3) placing the potato blocks wrapped with the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) in a ventilated and cool indoor environment for accelerating germination, wherein the germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: placing a wood board on the ground, stacking potatoes and sandy loam according to a spaced stacking mode of 'sandy soil layer-potato layer-sandy soil layer', and stacking 3 potato layers at intervals; covering a water-retaining layer on the surface of the sandy loam layer, wherein the water-retaining layer is green turf, the grass planted on the turf is ophiopogon japonicus, and the temperature is kept at 17 ℃; the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 3cm, the water content is 8%, and the germinated potato blocks are subjected to seedling culture after germination acceleration for 7 days;
(6) seedling culture: placing the potato blocks germinated in the step (5) on a seedling raising tray for seed arrangement and seedling raising, firstly placing 1cm of sandy loam on the tray, selecting to place the potato blocks in the morning on a sunny day with upward bud eyes and 3cm intervals, and covering soil for 3cm after seed arrangement; then placing the seedling tray on a three-layer wooden frame, carrying out light treatment, keeping the temperature at 16-18 ℃, and keeping the water content of the soil at 5% -7%; when the seedlings grow to 2cm, placing the tray under the sunlight for hardening and drying so as to ensure that the seedlings of the potatoes turn green and thick; wherein the light treatment is as follows: performing a program of 'dark treatment for 120 min-red light irradiation for 60 min-blue light irradiation for 70 min-green light irradiation for 30 min-orange light irradiation for 30 min-white light irradiation for 60 min-dark treatment for 120 min'; the illumination intensity of the red light is 1100 Lx; the blue light illumination intensity is 900 Lx; the green light illumination intensity is 1300 Lx; the illumination intensity of orange light is 800 Lx; the illumination intensity of the white light is 900 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment is 4 days;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the potato seeds which become coarse and green and have the seedling length of 2cm into a field.
Control group 1:
the control group does not use the interval accumulation mode to accumulate the potatoes and the sandy loam, only uses 1-layer accumulation, namely, the potatoes are subjected to pregermination in the mode of 'sandy loam layer-potato layer-water retention layer', and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 2:
in the comparison group, straw covering is used to replace the green turf of the application as a water retention layer, and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 3:
the disinfectant of the control group only uses potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the cutter, and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 4:
the germination accelerating powder of the control group does not contain plant ash and naphthylacetic acid, namely the germination accelerating powder consists of salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin according to the weight ratio of 1:2, and other embodiments are completely consistent with those of example 1.
Control group 5:
the germination accelerating powder of the control group does not contain salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin, namely the germination accelerating powder consists of plant ash and naphthylacetic acid according to the weight ratio of 15:3, and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 6:
the control group was covered with a sun-shading film without using the light treatment method of the present application, and the other embodiments were completely the same as those of example 1.
Control group 7:
the control group did not adopt the light treatment method of the present application, but the germinated potatoes were placed indoors without covering the sun-shading film to allow the potatoes to naturally grow, and other embodiments were completely the same as those of example 1.
Control group 8:
the comparison group is only carried out by adopting the programs of 'dark treatment for 120 min-red light irradiation for 60 min-white light irradiation for 60 min-dark treatment for 120 min' without adopting the light treatment mode of the application; wherein the illumination intensity of red light is 1000 Lx; the illumination intensity of white light is 800 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment was 3 days, and other embodiments were completely identical to example 1.
Control group 9:
the comparison group is only carried out by adopting the programs of 'blue light irradiation for 70 min-green light irradiation for 30 min-orange light irradiation for 30 min' without adopting the light treatment mode of the application; wherein the illumination intensity of the blue light is 800 Lx; the green light illumination intensity is 1200 Lx; the illumination intensity of orange light is 500 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment was 3 days, and other embodiments were completely identical to example 1.
Test experiment 1: detection of germination efficiency
The germination was performed according to the methods of examples 1-3 and control groups 1-5, and the germination percentage and incidence rate data of the potato pieces after 7 days of germination were counted and calculated as shown in table 1, wherein the germination percentage and incidence rate calculation formulas are as follows:
TABLE 1
| Test item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Control group 3 | Control group 4 | Control group 5 |
| Percentage of germination (%) | 92.04 | 90.88 | 91.11 | 81.45 | 78.04 | 85.30 | 71.33 | 72.45 |
| Incidence (%) | 1.14 | 0.26 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 8.64 | 8.54 | 3.12 | 3.05 |
As can be seen from the above table, the germination rates of examples 1-3 were higher than those of control groups 1-5, indicating that the steps affecting the germination rate of potatoes in this application are the pregermination method, the water-retention layer selection and the pregermination agent selection; the incidence of the examples 1-3 was less than the control groups 2-5, demonstrating that the use of the disinfectant and germinant of the present application significantly reduced the incidence of potatoes.
Test run 2: efficiency of emergence of seedlings
After the potato seeds germinate, seedling is grown in the manner of examples 1-3 and control groups 6-9, the time from germination to seedling height of 2cm is counted and calculated, and the time is recorded as the seedling emergence time, which is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Test item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Control group 6 | Control group 7 | Control group 8 | Control group 9 |
| Time of emergence (d) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
As can be seen from the above table, the emergence times for examples 1-3 were significantly shorter than for controls 6-9; it can be up to 6 days or less, thus demonstrating that the light program and light method of the present application can effectively shorten the time of emergence of potatoes.
In conclusion, the treatment method can obviously improve the germination rate of the potato blocks, reduce the morbidity of the potato in the pregermination process and shorten the seedling emergence time of the potatoes.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting potato blocks which are free of diseases and freezing injury, have smooth skins and are 50-100g in size as seed potatoes;
(2) sun-drying seeds: placing potato seeds on a seed drying rack for drying seeds in the sun at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, wherein the seed drying time is 2-3 days;
(3) seed potato dicing: disinfecting the potato dice cutting tool by using a disinfectant, wherein at least 1 bud eye is reserved in each potato dice cutting process, and the weight of each potato dice is 25-30 g;
(4) pregermination pretreatment: soaking the potato blocks in 200 times of 100-;
(5) accelerating germination: putting the potato blocks wrapped with the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) in a ventilated and cool indoor environment for accelerating germination, and growing seedlings of the germinated potato blocks after accelerating germination for 7 days;
(6) seedling culture: placing the potato blocks germinated in the step (5) on a seedling raising tray for seed arrangement and seedling raising, firstly placing 1cm of sandy loam on the tray, selecting to place the potato blocks in the morning on a sunny day with upward bud eyes and 2-3cm of distance, and covering soil for 3-4cm after seed arrangement; then placing the seedling tray on a three-layer wooden frame, carrying out light treatment, keeping the temperature at 16-18 ℃, and keeping the water content of the soil at 5% -7%; when the seedlings grow to 2cm, placing the tray under the sunlight for hardening and drying so as to ensure that the seedlings of the potatoes turn green and thick;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the potato seeds which become coarse and green and have the seedling length of 2cm into a field;
the light treatment of the step (6) is as follows: performing a program of 'dark treatment for 120 min-red light irradiation for 60 min-blue light irradiation for 70 min-green light irradiation for 30 min-orange light irradiation for 30 min-white light irradiation for 60 min-dark treatment for 120 min'; the illumination intensity of the red light is 1000Lx-1200 Lx; the illumination intensity of the blue light is 800Lx-1000 Lx; the illumination intensity of the green light is 1200Lx-1500 Lx; the illumination intensity of orange light is 500Lx-1000 Lx; the total duration of the light treatment is 3-4 days;
the germination accelerating powder in the step (4) is composed of plant ash, naphthylacetic acid, salicylic acid and amino-oligosaccharin according to the weight ratio of 15-20:3-7:1-3: 2-5.
2. The seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for cutting the potatoes in the step (3) into pieces is as follows: the potato chips are obliquely cut from the tail parts of the potato chips to the top parts in a spiral manner according to the bud eye sequence, each chip is cut with 1-2 bud eyes, and finally the top buds are divided into two parts.
3. The seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germination accelerating method in the step (5) is as follows: placing a wood board on the ground, and stacking potatoes and sandy loam in an interval stacking mode of 'sandy soil layer-potato layer-sandy soil layer', wherein 2-3 potato layers are stacked at intervals; finally covering a water-retaining layer on the surface of the sandy loam layer, and keeping the temperature at 16-18 ℃; the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 2cm-4cm, and the water content is 5% -9%.
4. The method for raising and transplanting seedlings of winter potatoes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water-retaining layer is green turf, and the grass planted on the green turf is ophiopogon japonicus.
5. A seedling and transplanting method for winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disinfectant in the step (3) is composed of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and water in a weight ratio of 2-5:1-3: 15-20.
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