CN108812126B - Weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice - Google Patents
Weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812126B CN108812126B CN201810619104.9A CN201810619104A CN108812126B CN 108812126 B CN108812126 B CN 108812126B CN 201810619104 A CN201810619104 A CN 201810619104A CN 108812126 B CN108812126 B CN 108812126B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention relates to a weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The rice direct seeding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: 1) keeping the surface of the field compartment free of open water, and directly sowing rice; 2) when the rice seedling grows to one leaf and one core, irrigating water in the field(ii) a 3) When the rice seedlings grow to 3.5-5 leaves, draining the field water, applying a herbicide, and irrigating the field after 2-3 days; 4) when each 667m2When the population reaches 80 percent of the effective spike number or the seedling number reaches 12 ten thousand, the field is sunned until the field soil is cracked slightly and the field is irrigated with water when white roots of rice appear on the field surface. The method provided by the invention can effectively prevent and remove weeds, reduce the dosage of the herbicide, reduce lodging of direct-seeded rice and effectively improve the yield stability and the quality of the direct-seeded rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice.
Background
Rice is the most important food crop in China, ensures the national food safety, and is the national strategic need of firmly holding a rice bowl in the hands of the user. With the development of the urbanization process, the grain planting cost is increased, and the rice production benefit is in a trend of decreasing. The problem of who came to the field has become increasingly serious. The cost is saved and the income is increased in rice production, the income of grain planting farmers is increased, cost-saving and efficient technology must be popularized, and the planting cost is reduced.
In recent years, direct seeding of rice is gradually accepted by people due to the characteristics of reducing the labor intensity and the complex processes of seedling raising, transplanting, seedling transportation and the like, reducing the cost and improving the efficiency, is popularized and applied in large areas of rice areas in the downstream of Yangtze river and the north, and also carries out standing research and demonstration planting in the southwest area. However, the current paddy direct seeding has the problems of uneven seeding, large seed consumption, difficult control of field weeds, serious lodging and the like, so that the stable yield of the paddy rice is influenced, and the popularization of the direct seeding paddy rice is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice. The method provided by the invention can effectively prevent and remove weeds, reduce the dosage of the herbicide, reduce lodging of direct-seeded rice and effectively improve the yield stability and the quality of the direct-seeded rice.
The invention provides a weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice, which comprises the following steps:
1) keeping the surface of the field compartment free of open water, and directly sowing rice;
2) irrigating water in the field when the rice seedlings grow to one leaf and one core;
3) when the rice seedlings grow to 3.5-5 leaves, draining the field water, applying a herbicide, and irrigating the field after 2-3 days;
4) when each 667m2When the population reaches 80 percent of the effective spike number or the seedling number reaches 12 ten thousand, the field is sunned until the field soil is cracked slightly and the field is irrigated with water when white roots of rice appear on the field surface.
Preferably, 3-5 days before direct seeding in the step 1), field drainage is carried out.
Preferably, the seeding density of the direct seeding in the step 1) is as follows: 1.0-1.25 kg/mu of hybrid rice or 1.5-2.0 kg/mu of conventional rice.
Preferably, before direct seeding, seeds are soaked in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 24-36 hours, and seedlings emerge more regularly.
Preferably, the depth of the water layer for irrigation in the steps 2), 3) and 4) is independently 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the amount of the surfactant is per 667m2The spraying amount of the herbicide is calculated, and the herbicide in the step 3) comprises 20mL of 10% bispyribac-sodium, 15g of 10% pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and 30-40 kg of water; or comprises 60mL of 2.5 percent penoxsulam, 60mL of 10 percent cyhalofop-butyl and 30-40 kg of water.
Preferably, the step 3) is further included in the 8-leaf stage of the rice after irrigation, wherein the 8-leaf stage is every 667m215 duck seedlings were put in.
The invention provides a weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice. The method provided by the invention adopts a dry-wet combined weed control and anti-collapse concept, the field of the direct seeding field keeps a dry and anhydrous state during the period from the direct seeding of rice seedling emergence to the first core of 1 leaf of seedling, the field irrigation is started to control the growth of weeds in the first core of 1 leaf of seedling, the herbicide is applied when the leaves of 3.5-5 seedlings are planted, and each 667m of herbicide is applied2The population reaches 80 percent of the effective spike number or the seedling number reaches 12 ten thousand hours, the drainage and sunning field controls tillering and promotes roots, and the method provided by the invention can effectively control tillering and promote rootsPreventing and killing weeds, reducing the dosage of herbicide, reducing lodging of direct-seeded rice, effectively improving the high yield and stable yield of the direct-seeded rice, improving the quality of paddy rice and protecting the ecological environment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice, which comprises the following steps:
1) keeping the surface of the field compartment free of open water, and directly sowing rice;
2) irrigating water in the field when the rice seedlings grow to one leaf and one core;
3) when the rice seedlings grow to 3.5-5 leaves, draining the field water, applying a herbicide, and irrigating the field after 2-3 days;
4) when each 667m2When the population reaches 80 percent of the effective spike number or the seedling number reaches 12 ten thousand, the field is sunned until the field soil is cracked slightly and the field is irrigated with water when white roots of rice appear on the field surface.
The invention keeps the surface of the field compartment free of open water and directly broadcasts rice. The method preferably drains water in the field 3-5 days before direct seeding, and more preferably drains water 3 days before direct seeding. The invention preferably applies fertilizer before sowing, and the method and the dosage of the fertilizer are not specially limited, and rice fertilizer applying method known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. The method keeps the surface of the field compartment free of open water during sowing, and the field is sowed until one leaf and one core are dry, so that the rooting of the rice is promoted, and the stress resistance of the rice, such as lodging resistance and the like, is enhanced. The variety of the rice is not specially limited, and the growing period is preferably about 150 days, and the rice is suitable for local excellent varieties through approval. In the invention, the seeding density of the direct seeding is as follows: 1.0-1.25 kg/mu of hybrid rice or 1.5-2.0 kg/mu of conventional rice. The direct seeding method is not specially limited, and the direct seeding method can be realized by mechanically or manually sowing uniformly. In the invention, before direct seeding, seeds are soaked in water at 30-35 ℃ for 24-36 h, preferably 35 ℃ for 36 h.
When the rice seedlings grow to one leaf and one core, irrigating water in the field. In the invention, the thickness of the water layer for irrigation is preferably 2-3 cm, and more preferably 2.5 cm. The method can effectively control the growth of weeds, particularly reduce the germination and growth of weeds in dry lands, and improve the yield of rice by advancing the irrigation time.
And when the rice seedlings grow to 3.5-5 leaves, draining the field water, applying a herbicide, and irrigating the field after 2-3 days. The invention is more preferably used for draining the field water and applying the herbicide when the leaves are 4-5. In the invention, the thickness of the water layer irrigated after herbicide application is preferably 2-3 cm, and more preferably 2.5 cm. In the present invention, the average particle size is calculated per 667m2The herbicide preferably comprises 20mL of 10% bispyribac-sodium, 15g of 10% pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and 30-40 kg of water; or comprises 60mL of 2.5 percent penoxsulam, 60mL of 10 percent cyhalofop-butyl and 30-40 kg of water. The herbicide can effectively prevent and kill weeds in the rice field.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the post-herbicide field irrigation further includes 8-leaf stage of rice per 667m215 duck seedlings were put in. The duck seedlings can be put in to further assist weeding.
The setting of the weeding process can reduce the sealing, weeding and labor force after sowing of the conventionally advocated 'one-sealing two-killing three-preventing and removing' direct seeding rice weeding method, and the herbicide is only sprayed once, so that the use times, the use amount and the labor cost of pesticides can be effectively reduced, and the agricultural ecological environment is protected.
When each 667m2When the population reaches 80 percent of the effective spike number or the seedling number reaches 12 ten thousand, the field is sunned until the field soil is cracked slightly and the field is irrigated with water when white roots of rice appear on the field surface. The sun-cured field can promote root and seedling control. In the invention, the thickness of the water layer for irrigation is preferably 2-3 cm, and more preferably 2.5 cm. The direct-seeded rice obtained by the invention does not have the phenomenon of root fall.
The method for direct seeding of rice with weeding and lodging resistance according to the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, and the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
The Yuxiang 203 is used for direct seeding irrigation and weeding tests in 2017:
the pre-plot of the test is winterSowing sprout and grain in paddy field by direct sowing machine in 13 days in 4 months, treating to remove weed without sealing, and fertilizing per 667m before sowing2The pure N10 kg is applied, and under the condition that the conditions are consistent, the watering time is 1.5 leaves, 2.5 leaves and 3.5 leaves of the seedlings.
The field observation shows that:
grassy weeds such as barnyard grass in the field do not germinate when the seedlings have 1.5 leaves, the barnyard grass in the field is generally germinated when the seedlings have 2.5 leaves, and the barnyard grass and other weeds grow better and exceed the seedlings when the seedlings have 3.5 leaves.
Completely draining water in the field after 5 months and 15 days, wherein the water is drained every 667m when the seedlings are 4 leaves220mL of 10% bispyribac-sodium and 15g of 10% pyrazosulfuron-ethyl are mixed with 30-40 kg of water to be uniformly sprayed (no repeated spraying) and weed is removed at one time; the weeding effect on all weeds in the winter paddy field is good except for the pasture; rehydrating 5 months and 18 days.
Each 667m2The population reaches about 12 ten thousand seedlings, the field is drained and aired after 5-month 31-day water, the roots and the seedlings are promoted, and the rehydration is carried out when the field is cracked for 6-month 10. No lodging occurs in the field test.
Yield conditions: the yield of the seedling in the irrigation treatment room with 1.5 leaves, 2.5 leaves and 3.5 leaves is respectively as follows: 584.7 kg, 594.8 kg and 576.5 kg.
The water is properly filled in advance, so that the yield is not influenced and can be properly improved.
Example 2
Controlling effect on weeds
The Yuxiang 203 is used for direct seeding weeding test in 2018:
A. and (3) test treatment: the herbicide is sprayed by adopting a large-area test, and the specific application medicament and the operation scheme are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 herbicide application operating Table
B. Field management: sowing in 3 days after 4 months, wherein the sowing specification is 25cm multiplied by 16cm, and 4-5 seeds are sowed in each hole; the nitrogen application amount is 8 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the effective components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is (N)2O:P2O5:K2O) is 2: 1: 2, one-time application is carried out before sowing, sowing is carried out 3 days in 4 months (treatment 1 and application of a closed herbicide), and the types and the quantity of the weeds to be treated are investigated at fixed points in 27 days in 4 months; treatments 1 and 2 applied 4.5-leaf stage herbicide, and treatment 3 (control, artificial weed control).
C. Investigation of herbicide control
Defining 3 points each at 0.5m on 27 days 4-month, 7 days 5-month, 18 days 5-month and 28 days 5-month2And investigating the species and the quantity of the weeds in the field and the control effect.
Effect of herbicide test
The weeds in the field of the Chongqing winter paddy rice are mainly barnyard grass, eclipta prostrata, rhizoma pleionis, cyperus rotundus, paspalum distichum and digitaria sanguinalis.
As can be seen from table 2, the herbicide effect was obtained by applying the herbicide once on the seedling 4.5 leaves on day 27/4: in the investigation field of 5 months and 7 days, the control effect of weeds such as eclipta prostrata, cyperus heterophyllus, paspalum distichum and digitaria sanguinalis reaches 100 percent except for a small amount of barnyard grass and 1 strain of rhizoma pleionis; 1 barnyard grass in the investigation field in 5 months and 18 days, and the control effect of weeds such as eclipta prostrata, rhizoma pleionis, cyperus heterophyllus, paspalum distichum and digitaria sanguinalis reaches 100 percent; after investigation for 28 days in 5 months, the control effect of weeds such as barnyard grass, snakehead intestines, rhizoma pleionis, cyperus heterophyllus, paspalum distichum, large crabgrass and the like reaches 100 percent except 3 snakehead intestines are newly grown in the field; control treatments, although artificial weeding was carried out for each investigation, the number of weeds was still large, especially for barnyard grass, eclipta prostrata, and rhizoma pleionis.
From the test results, the effect of weeding by applying the herbicide for one time in the 4-5 leaf stage 2 on weeds is slightly lower than that of the treatment 1 applying the herbicide for 2 times, but the dosage and the cost of pesticides and labor are greatly reduced, and the two reductions of the state are met.
TABLE 2 herbicidal Effect under different treatment conditions
Remarking: the number of weeds in the table was 1.5 m/strain2
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A weeding and lodging-resistant direct seeding method for rice comprises the following steps:
1) keeping the surface of the field compartment free of open water, and directly sowing rice; sowing till one leaf and one core are in a dry stage in the field; draining water in the field 3-5 days before direct seeding; the direct seeding density is as follows: 1.0-1.25 kg/mu of hybrid rice or 1.5-2.0 kg/mu of conventional rice; before direct seeding, soaking seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 24-36 h, and enabling seedlings to emerge more orderly;
2) irrigating water in the field when the rice seedlings grow to one leaf and one core; the depth of the water layer for irrigation is 2.5 cm;
3) when the rice seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, draining the field water, applying a herbicide, and irrigating the field after 2-3 days; according to each 667m2The spraying amount of the herbicide is calculated, and the herbicide comprises 20mL of 10% bispyribac-sodium, 15g of 10% pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and 40kg of water; the depth of the water layer for irrigation is 2.5 cm; after irrigation, the rice is in 8-leaf stage, every 667m215 duck seedlings are put in;
4) when each 667m2When the number of seedlings reaches 12 ten thousand, drying the field until the soil in the field is slightly cracked, and irrigating the field when white roots of rice appear on the field surface; the depth of the water layer for irrigation is 2.5 cm;
the herbicide is only sprayed once.
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| CN110122231A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-16 | 湖南省农业生物技术研究所 | A kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide |
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| CN101164406A (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-23 | 敖为成 | Drying soil-working direct sowing rice cultivating technique |
| CN101849491A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-10-06 | 唐兴龙 | Method for preventing and treating weeds in direct sowing on dry paddy field |
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