CN108778489B - 二氧化碳吸附剂及其制造方法、以及二氧化碳处理系统 - Google Patents

二氧化碳吸附剂及其制造方法、以及二氧化碳处理系统 Download PDF

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CN108778489B
CN108778489B CN201780016986.3A CN201780016986A CN108778489B CN 108778489 B CN108778489 B CN 108778489B CN 201780016986 A CN201780016986 A CN 201780016986A CN 108778489 B CN108778489 B CN 108778489B
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carbon dioxide
adsorbent
silica gel
dioxide adsorbent
tank
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CN108778489A (zh
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奥村雄志
根上将大
吉泽克浩
川野明人
野村嘉道
岩崎英和
西部祥平
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

一种二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法,包括:配制胺化合物的浓度为5%以上且70%以下、且温度为10℃以上且100℃以下的胺水溶液的工序;使硅凝胶含浸于所述胺水溶液的工序;和对负载了所述胺化合物的所述硅凝胶进行通风干燥的工序。所述硅凝胶的粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下,平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下,而且细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下。

Description

二氧化碳吸附剂及其制造方法、以及二氧化碳处理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及可逆地吸附包含于被处理气体中的二氧化碳的二氧化碳吸附剂及其制造方法、以及使用该二氧化碳吸附剂的系统。
以往,公知的是使用固体二氧化碳吸附剂从由锅炉等燃烧设备排出的工艺气体等包括二氧化碳在内的被处理气体中分离去除二氧化碳的系统。专利文献1以及专利文献2公开了这种二氧化碳分离系统。
专利文献1中记载的二氧化碳分离系统(二氧化碳去除系统)具备容纳二氧化碳吸附剂的容器,并且二氧化碳吸附剂从导入至容器内的被处理气体中可逆地吸附二氧化碳。该二氧化碳吸附剂含有胺、二氧化碳活化催化剂以及支撑胺和催化剂的多孔性物质。
专利文献1的系统是以“批处理方式”进行处理,所述“批处理方式”重复执行包含“吸附工序”和“脱附工序”的一个循环的处理工序,所述“吸附工序”中二氧化碳吸附剂从被处理气体中吸附去除二氧化碳,所述“脱附工序”中将被吸附的二氧化碳从二氧化碳吸附剂进行脱附。另一方面,在接下来所示的专利文献2的系统是以吸附工序和脱附工序并列地连续执行的“连续处理方式”进行处理。
专利文献2中记载的二氧化碳分离系统具备:在上下方向上朝下方依次排列的料斗、执行吸附工序的吸附塔、执行脱附工序的脱附塔(再生塔)、对吸附剂进行干燥的干燥塔、以及冷却吸附剂的冷却塔、和从冷却塔向料斗转移吸附剂的输送机。容纳于料斗中的二氧化碳吸附剂通过自身重力以吸附塔、脱附塔、干燥塔、冷却塔的顺序依次移动,并且通过输送机从冷却塔向料斗搬运。吸附塔和脱附塔中,通过在塔内下降的二氧化碳吸附剂和在各塔内上升的气体,形成移动层。在专利文献2的系统中,二氧化碳吸附剂是负载了胺化合物的多孔性物质,作为多孔性物质,例示活性炭、活性氧化铝等。
现有技术文献:
专利文献:
专利文献1:日本特表2012-501831号公报;
专利文献2:日本特开2013-121562号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题:
在上述专利文献1的系统中,二氧化碳吸附剂相对于容器静止。另一方面,在上述专利文献2的系统中,二氧化碳吸附剂相对容器移动,二氧化碳吸附剂与容器间以及二氧化碳吸附剂彼此间发生摩擦或碰撞等。因此,尤其在连续处理方式中,相比于批处理方式,要求所使用的二氧化碳吸附剂具有更高的强度(特别是耐磨损性)。
本发明是鉴于以上情况而形成,其目的是提供具备优异的吸附性且具备连续处理方式中耐用的强度的二氧化碳吸附剂及其制造方法、以及利用二氧化碳吸附剂的系统。
解决问题的手段:
根据本发明的二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法包括:
配制胺化合物的浓度为5%以上且70%以下、且温度为10℃以上且100℃以下的胺水溶液的工序;
使硅凝胶含浸于所述胺水溶液的工序;和
对负载了所述胺化合物的所述硅凝胶进行通风干燥的工序;
所述硅凝胶的粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下,平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下,而且细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下。然而,上述粒径、细孔容积以及平均细孔径中任意一个都是未负载胺化合物的状态下的硅凝胶中的值。
而且,根据本发明的二氧化碳吸附剂是在粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下、平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下、而且细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下的硅凝胶上负载胺化合物而形成的。
而且,根据本发明的二氧化碳处理系统具备通过上述二氧化碳吸附剂在内部形成有移动层的吸附槽,在所述吸附槽的下部设置有供给含二氧化碳的被处理气体的被处理气体供给口,在所述吸附槽的上部设置有排出所述二氧化碳已被所述二氧化碳吸附剂吸附去除的排气的排气排出口。
根据上述二氧化碳吸附剂以及其制造方法,可以提供二氧化碳吸附性能优异且具备能够经受利用于连续处理方式的二氧化碳处理系统的耐磨损性的二氧化碳吸附剂。
发明效果:
根据本发明,可以提供具备优异的吸附性且具备能够经受使用于连续处理方式的强度的二氧化碳吸附剂及其制造方法、以及利用二氧化碳吸附剂的系统。
附图说明
图1是示出能使用根据本发明的二氧化碳吸附剂的二氧化碳处理系统的概略结构的图;
图2A是示意性示出硅凝胶粒径的图;
图2B是示意性示出硅凝胶的细孔容积以及细孔径的图;
图3是示出多孔物质内的二氧化碳-空气扩散阻力与细孔径之间关系的图表;
图4是示出使硅凝胶负载二乙醇胺而形成的吸附剂的硅凝胶细孔容积与二氧化碳吸附量之间关系的图表;
图5是示出硅凝胶的旋转磨损试验的结果的图表。
实施发明的形态
根据本发明的二氧化碳吸附剂(以下可能被简称为“吸附剂”)是为了从含有二氧化碳的被处理气体中可逆地吸附去除二氧化碳而进行利用的。该吸附剂具有优异的二氧化碳吸附能力以及耐磨损性,适合利用于通过连续处理方式从被处理气体中吸附去除二氧化碳的系统。
(二氧化碳处理系统)
图1中示出能使用二氧化碳吸附剂的二氧化碳处理系统1的概略结构。图1所示的二氧化碳处理系统1是二氧化碳分离系统1A和二氧化碳回收系统1B复合而成的连续处理方式的系统,所述二氧化碳分离系统1A使用吸附剂选择性分离被处理气体中含有的二氧化碳,所述二氧化碳回收系统1B从吸附剂脱附(脱离)并回收二氧化碳。
二氧化碳处理系统1具备吸附槽11、脱附槽12、干燥槽13、和从干燥槽13出口至吸附槽11的入口搬运吸附剂的输送机15。以使吸附剂通过重力从吸附槽11移动至干燥槽13的形式,从上方以吸附槽11、脱附槽12以及干燥槽13的顺序在上下方向上排列配置。
通过输送机15搬运过来的吸附剂从设置于上部的入口以规定的供给速度供给至吸附槽11。而且,吸附剂以规定的排出速度从设置于吸附槽11下部的出口被排出。
在吸附槽11的下部,通过被处理气体供给管36导入由被处理气体源35产生的被处理气体。被处理气体例如是燃烧排气等含有10~30%二氧化碳的常压附近的气体。被处理气体供给管36中可以设置有至少一个前处理槽37。前处理槽37中,被处理气体冷却至适合二氧化碳吸附反应的温度。另外,对导入至吸附槽11的被处理气体,除了冷却以外,可以实施脱硫、脱尘、减温、除湿等前处理。
吸附槽11中形成有向上流动的被处理气体和向下移动的吸附剂相接触的移动层。与被处理气体接触的吸附剂选择性地吸附包含于被处理气体中的二氧化碳。此时的吸附剂温度例如是40℃。二氧化碳被分离去除的被处理气体(排气)从吸附槽11的上部被排出。另一方面,吸附了二氧化碳的吸附剂从吸附槽11的下部被排出,并且通过自身重力向脱附槽12的入口移动。
在脱附槽12中,从设置于上部的入口供给吸附了二氧化碳的吸附剂,并且从设置于下部的出口以规定的排出速度排出吸附剂,以此使吸附剂在槽内从上向下以规定速度移动。而且,脱附槽12的下部被供给从蒸汽发生器38输送来的脱附用水蒸气。
在脱附槽12中形成有向上流动的脱附用水蒸气与向下移动的吸附剂接触的移动层。当脱附用水蒸气与吸附剂接触时,脱附用水蒸气在吸附剂的表面冷凝,此时释放出冷凝热。将该冷凝热作为脱离能量,并且使二氧化碳从吸附剂脱离。
脱附槽12的上部通过二氧化碳回收管31与二氧化碳保持器17连接。在二氧化碳回收管31上设置有将脱附槽12的气体向二氧化碳保持器17送出的泵16。脱附槽12内的气体(即二氧化碳)向二氧化碳回收管31强制排气,通过泵16压缩后贮留于二氧化碳保持器17中。另一方面,二氧化碳脱附后的含有冷凝水的吸附剂从脱附槽12的下部排出,并且通过自身重力向干燥槽13的入口移动。
在干燥槽13中,从设置于上部的入口供给含有冷凝水的吸附剂,从设置于下部的出口以规定的排出速度排出吸附剂,以此使吸附剂在槽内从上向下以规定速度移动。吸附剂在干燥槽13中移动的期间被干燥。在本实施形态中,吸附剂的干燥是通过从干燥用气体源39向干燥槽13下部被供给且在槽内向上流动的干燥用气体与在槽内向下移动的吸附剂相接触以此进行。利用于吸附剂的干燥的干燥用气体(干燥排气)是从干燥槽13的上部排出。
干燥后的吸附剂从干燥槽13的下部排出,落到输送机15,并且通过输送机15进行冷却的同时向吸附槽11输送,作为二氧化碳的吸附剂被再利用。
(二氧化碳吸附剂)
上述二氧化碳处理系统1中使用的吸附剂(二氧化碳吸附剂)是使硅凝胶负载胺化合物而形成的。
上述胺化合物是从由具备至少一个羟基的胺类以及聚胺类组成的组中选择的至少一种。即,上述胺化合物中可以含有胺类和聚胺类的混合物。已知这样的胺类以及聚胺类可逆地脱附二氧化碳,即吸附以及脱附二氧化碳。作为包含具有至少一个羟基的胺类的胺化合物,举例示出单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺以及三乙醇胺。又,作为包含聚胺类的胺化合物,举例示出聚乙烯亚胺、乙烯二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺以及五乙烯六胺。
上述硅凝胶的粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下。而且,硅凝胶的细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下。此外,硅凝胶的平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下。另外,上述粒径、细孔容积以及平均细孔径都是未负载胺化合物的状态的硅凝胶中的值。
图2A是示意性地示出硅凝胶的粒径的图,图2B是示意性地示出硅凝胶的细孔容积以及细孔径的图。图2B中放大示出硅凝胶表面附近的截面。如图2A所示,硅凝胶是球状颗粒。另外,“球状”颗粒并不表示一定是真球状的颗粒,而是被放置在相对水平方向约倾斜了30°的平滑板上时90质量%以上颗粒滚落的形状的颗粒。
如上所述以粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下的硅凝胶为基材的二氧化碳吸附剂也同样其粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下。另外,硅凝胶负载了胺化合物,但是胺化合物进入形成于硅凝胶内部的细孔中,因此负载胺化合物可使硅凝胶的粒径不那么扩张。
当二氧化碳吸附剂的粒径小于1mm时,吸附剂会因较少的气体量而流化,移动层无法成立。另一方面,当二氧化碳吸附剂的粒径超过5mm时,随着吸附剂粒径的增大,重量也在增大,因此下落时所受到的冲击导致的磨损变严重,使吸附剂的寿命显著缩短。因此,通过使用粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下范围内的二氧化碳吸附剂,以此容易形成吸附剂和被处理气体很好地逆流接触的移动层,而且可以对吸附剂赋予适当的寿命。
另外,在上述说明中,二氧化碳以及硅凝胶的“粒径”是其颗粒直径。二氧化碳以及硅凝胶的粒径例如可以通过如下(1)~(4)工序进行测定:
(1)在黑色毛毡上,将100粒以上的硅凝胶试料以使颗粒间尽量不接触的形式排列;
(2)将硅凝胶试料的颗粒以100mm×140mm的范围视场进行拍摄;
(3)使用图像处理软件ImageJ(美国国立卫生研究所NIH),将拍摄的图像进行二值化,求出各颗粒的面积;
(4)假定颗粒为真球,并且根据求出的各颗粒的面积求出粒径;
另外,还可以根据求出的粒径求出个数平均径(=∑(粒径)/(已评价的颗粒数)),并且将该个数平均径作为粒径使用。
如图2B所示,硅凝胶的平均细孔径是向硅凝胶表面开口的细孔的直径的平均值。而且,硅凝胶的细孔容积是细孔的容积。
硅凝胶的细孔容积是通过压汞法求得。而且,硅凝胶的平均细孔径是,通过压汞法求出细孔径分布,并且将体积为全细孔容积的50%的汞被压入的时间点的细孔径作为平均细孔径(中位径)。压汞法是为了利用汞的表面张力大这一点将汞浸入于粉体的细孔内而施加压力,并且根据压力和被压入的汞量求出比表面积和细孔分布等的方法,例如可以使用Thermo Qurest Italia公司制造的水银测孔仪(PASCL240)求出。
硅凝胶的平均细孔径对吸附剂的吸附速度产生重大的影响。吸附剂的吸附速度依赖于细孔内的二氧化碳扩散速度和吸附剂的吸附反应速度。其中,吸附反应速度与细孔内的二氧化碳扩散速度相比十分快,因此实际上吸附剂的吸附速度被细孔内的二氧化碳扩散速度限速。
图3是示出多孔物质内的二氧化碳-空气扩散阻力与细孔径之间关系的图表。从图3中能够理解当细孔径小于约10nm时,二氧化碳-空气扩散阻力急剧且显著地增大。这可能是由于克努森扩散在细孔内的全扩散阻力中所占的比例为90%以上。因此,认为当硅凝胶的平均细孔径小于约10nm时,现实处理时间内吸附剂难以饱和吸附二氧化碳。另一方面,当硅凝胶的平均细孔径超过100nm时,构成硅凝胶的硅一次颗粒骨骼的强度降低,因此无法满足吸附剂所要求的颗粒强度。
由上所述,通过利用平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下范围的硅凝胶,以此能够将吸附剂的二氧化碳吸附速度维持在合适的范围内,而且能够对吸附剂赋予所要求的颗粒强度。
另外,硅凝胶的平均细孔径可以通过对硅凝胶进行蒸汽处理以此进行控制。更具体而言,通过调节蒸汽处理时的压力以及干凝胶的pH,以此能够将平均细孔径控制在10nm以上且100nm以下之间。蒸汽处理通常是在高压釜中加压下使蒸汽流通以此实施,其处理时间通常是10分钟~24小时。而且,此时的压力为0.5~20Kg/cm2。此外,优选的是该蒸汽处理中的干凝胶的pH被控制在5~9。
图4是示出使硅凝胶负载二乙醇胺(胺溶液浓度40%)而形成的吸附剂的、硅凝胶的细孔容积与二氧化碳吸附量之间的关系的图表。根据图4可以理解通过硅凝胶的细孔容积为约0.1cm3/g以上的吸附剂能实现二氧化碳的吸附。
而且,根据图4可以理解随着硅凝胶的细孔容积增大而二氧化碳吸附量随之增加。然而,硅凝胶的细孔容积过度增大,则强度降低至硅凝胶难以维持球状,其结果是难以满足吸附剂所要求的颗粒强度。因此,如果基于图4,则优选的是将二氧化碳吸附量饱和的1.3cm3/g规定为硅凝胶细孔容积的上限。
由上所述,通过使用细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下的硅凝胶,以此可以吸附二氧化碳,而且可以对吸附剂赋予所要求的颗粒强度。另外,从维持硅凝胶的球状这一观点考虑,可以对粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下的硅凝胶增加比表面积为10m2/g以上且300m2/g以下这样的条件。硅凝胶的比表面积与平均细孔径和细孔容积等一样可以通过压汞法求出。
[二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法]
上述吸附剂可以通过以下说明的方法进行制造。
首先,配制胺化合物的浓度为5%以上且70%以下且温度为10℃以上且100℃以下的胺水溶液。
胺水溶液的粘度随着温度的上升而降低这一点是已知的。因此,为了在硅凝胶上均匀地负载胺化合物,而优选的是将胺水溶液的温度设为10℃以上。另一方面,当胺水溶液的温度超过100℃时,容易发生胺化合物的氧化和蒸发等。因此,优选的是胺水溶液的温度为10℃以上且100℃以下。
胺水溶液的胺化合物浓度优选为在5%以上且70%以下范围内与胺化合物相对应的合适的值。例如,在胺化合物为二乙醇胺时,胺水溶液的胺化合物浓度优选为5%以上且55%以下。而且,例如胺化合物为聚乙烯亚胺的情况下,粘度高,因此优选的浓度是10%左右。
当胺水溶液中的胺化合物浓度小于下限值时,胺化合物在硅凝胶上的负载量不足,导致负载处理后的排液量庞大。另一方面,当胺水溶液的胺化合物浓度超过上限值时,胺化合物堵塞硅凝胶的细孔,存在降低吸附剂的吸附性能的担忧。在胺化合物浓度为5~70%的范围内,随着胺水溶液中的胺化合物浓度的增大,硅凝胶的胺负载量增加,而且吸附剂的比重和吸附剂的二氧化碳吸附量也成比例地增加。因此,将胺水溶液中的胺化合物浓度在5%以上且70%以下的范围内适当进行设定,以此可以制造出与吸附剂的设计规格相对应的二氧化碳吸附剂。
接着,使硅凝胶含浸于如上所述配制的胺水溶液。硅凝胶的含浸时间例如可以是24小时。
最后,将硅凝胶上附着的剩余液体通过吸引过滤等方法去除后,将负载了胺化合物的硅凝胶以接近室温的温度进行通风干燥。通过以上工序,可以制造吸附剂。
然而,在上述吸附剂制造方法中的使硅凝胶含浸于胺水溶液的工序中,水分吸附使得在一部分硅凝胶上发生破裂或裂痕等是已知的。因破裂或裂痕等而不形成球状的吸附剂不具备足够的强度(耐磨损性)来使用于连续处理方式的二氧化碳处理系统,不适合使用。因此,从制造的吸附剂中仅选择性地取出形成球状的吸附剂,从而使用于二氧化碳的吸附。
因此,为了改善吸附剂制造的成品率,作为上述硅凝胶可以使用具有耐水性的硅凝胶。这里,“具有耐水性的硅凝胶”被定义为由下式(1)定义的耐水性N为45%以上的硅凝胶;
N=(W/W0)×100…(1);
然而,N:硅凝胶的耐水性(%);
W0:浸渍于水中的硅凝胶颗粒的全部数量(个);
W:W0中未发生破裂的个数(个)。
如上所述具有耐水性的硅凝胶可以使用市售的耐水性球状硅。该耐水性球状硅,例如可以将对硅酸碱水溶液中和得到的硅水凝胶通过超热蒸汽在100~1000℃温度下干燥得到的球状硅干凝胶,以500~1000℃煅烧以此制得。
发明人已证实在将如上所述具有耐水性的硅凝胶作为材料的情况下,上述吸附剂制造方法中的使硅凝胶含浸于胺水溶液的工序中,硅凝胶几乎不产生破裂或裂纹等。
实施例
<二氧化碳吸附剂的试料制作步骤>
以下通过(1)~(5)的步骤制备了二氧化碳吸附剂的试料;
(1)将基材(硅凝胶)约取300mL,并测定重量(W);
(2)将药剂(胺化合物)稀释为规定的负载溶液浓度(%),并放入瓶中;
(3)将(1)的基材放入至(2)的瓶中,在室温下放置8个小时以上。在这里,基材与药剂的重量比为1:3;
(4)从(3)取出基材,进行离心分离(1100rpm);
(5)填充于容器,使干燥气体(40℃、15L/min的氮气)流动,从而对负载药剂的基材进行通风干燥。另外,从对负载药剂的基材进行干燥的干燥槽的出口的气体温度已稳定的时间点经过两个小时以后作为负载了药剂的基材(即,二氧化碳吸附剂)的干燥结束条件。
<二氧化碳吸附试验>
为了评价二氧化碳吸附剂的二氧化碳吸附性能,而通过以下(1)~(4)步骤进行了二氧化碳吸附剂试料的二氧化碳吸附试验(吸附柱试验);
(1)在内径为25mm的吸附槽内将试料紧实地填充至300mm的高度。在这里,被填充的试料是147mL;
(2)使吸附气体在旁通管路中流通,证实浓度为10.0%。在这里,吸附气体是含有10体积%的二氧化碳,而且湿度为5%RH湿度以下且25℃的空气。而且,吸附气体的空塔速度为0.05m/s;
(3)使吸附气体流入吸附槽,并测定吸附槽出口的气体浓度;
(4)证实出口气体浓度为10.0%(即,已达到饱和吸附),吸附工序结束。
<二氧化碳吸附试验结果1>
根据上述试料制作步骤,制作了各基材的物理性质相通但药剂的负载条件(负载溶液浓度以及药剂种类)各异的试料1~5。各试料中的基材(硅凝胶)物理性质和药剂的负载条件如下表1所示。
[表1]
Figure GDA0001797969630000091
DEA:二乙醇胺;
PEHA:五乙烯六胺;
TEPA:四乙烯五胺。
试料1以及试料2的胺化合物是二乙醇胺(DEA),试料3以及试料4的胺化合物是五乙烯六胺(PEHA),试料5的胺化合物是四乙烯五胺(TEPA)。而且,试料1、试料4以及试料5的药剂的负载溶液浓度为40%,试料2的药剂的负载溶液浓度为60%,试料3的药剂的负载溶液浓度为20%。
而且,上述试料1~5的吸附试验结果是试料1的二氧化碳吸附量为35.4kgCO2/m3,试料2的二氧化碳吸附量为52.1kgCO2/m3,试料3的二氧化碳吸附量为33.1kgCO2/m3,试料4的二氧化碳吸附量为58.4kgCO2/m3,试料5的二氧化碳吸附量为65.9kgCO2/m3。这些试料的二氧化碳吸附量均为30kgCO2/m3以上,可以客观地评价为这些试料的二氧化碳吸附性能良好。
由上所述,各试料1~5具备优异的吸附性这一点得到了认可。而且,各试料1~5中,目视未发现二氧化碳吸附剂的破裂。
<二氧化碳吸附试验结果2>
通过上述试料制备步骤,制作了药剂的负载条件(负载溶液浓度为40%或60%、药剂种类为二乙醇胺(DEA))相通但各基材的物理性质各异的试料6~15。各试料6~15中基材(硅凝胶)的物理性质和药剂的负载条件如下表2所示。
[表2]
Figure GDA0001797969630000092
Figure GDA0001797969630000101
试料6是在细孔径为10mm、细孔容积为1.0ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为40%的DEA。试料7是在细孔径为30mm、细孔容积为1.0ml/g、平均粒径为1.6mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为40%的DEA。试料8是在细孔径为30mm、细孔容积为1.0ml/g、平均粒径为1.6mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为60%的DEA。试料9是在细孔径为70mm、细孔容积为1.1ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为40%的DEA。试料10是在细孔径为70mm、细孔容积为1.1ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为60%的DEA。试料11是在细孔径为30mm、细孔容积为1.3ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为40%的DEA。试料12是在细孔径为30mm、细孔容积为1.3ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为60%的DEA。试料13是在细孔径为70mm、细孔容积为1.3ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为40%的DEA。试料14是在细孔径为70mm、细孔容积为1.3ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为60%的DEA。试料15是在细孔径为80mm、细孔容积为1.0ml/g、平均粒径为2.7mm的基材上负载了负载溶液浓度为40%的DEA。
上述试料6~15的吸附试验结果中,试料6、7、9、11、13、15的二氧化碳吸附量为34.0~39.9kgCO2/m3,试料10、12的二氧化碳吸附量为40.0~49.9kgCO2/m3,试料3、14的二氧化碳吸附量为50.0~59.9kgCO2/m3。即,试料6~15均具有优异的二氧化碳吸附性能。
由上所述可知,粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下、平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下、细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下的基材(硅凝胶)上负载了胺化合物的二氧化碳吸附剂具有优异的二氧化碳吸附性能。
<旋转磨损试验>
为了评价二氧化碳吸附剂的耐磨损性,通过接下来的(1)~(2)步骤,进行了旋转磨损试验;
(1)在带有一个隔离壁的圆筒状料筒中放入试料245ml,将料筒以60rpm旋转了48hr;
(2)根据旋转料筒前后的试料的重量变化算出了粉化率;
关于上述以外的具体试验步骤,遵循JIS K1150:1994《5.9颗粒强度-5.9.1粒度分布的下限为1.4mm以上的破碎颗粒的情况》。
在经验上已知在旋转磨损试验中,如果试料的粉化率为“5wt%”以下,则当使用该试料通过上述二氧化碳吸附剂试料的制备步骤制备出了二氧化碳吸附剂时,该二氧化碳吸附剂在装置内具备移动层的连续处理方式的二氧化碳分离系统中耐于使用。因此,当试料的粉化率为5wt%以下时,评价为以该试料为基材的二氧化碳吸附剂具备在连续处理方式的二氧化碳处理系统中耐于使用的耐磨损性。
图5是示出硅凝胶的旋转磨损试验的结果的图表。从旋转磨损试验的结果中可知,平均粒径约为1mm以上且5mm以下、细孔径约为10nm以上且100nm以下、而且细孔容积约为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下的试料(硅凝胶)的粉化率均为5wt%以下。因此,在粒径约为1mm以上且5mm以下、细孔径约为10nm以上且100nm以下、而且细孔容积约为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下的硅凝胶上负载胺化合物而形成的二氧化碳吸附剂具备在连续处理方式的二氧化碳分离系统中耐于使用的耐磨损性。

Claims (8)

1.一种二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法,其特征在于,是在具备使包含于被处理气体的二氧化碳吸附至二氧化碳吸附剂的吸附槽和使脱附用水蒸气在吸附了二氧化碳的所述二氧化碳吸附剂上冷凝从而使二氧化碳从所述二氧化碳吸附剂脱离的脱附槽的二氧化碳处理系统中,所述吸附槽及所述脱附槽中形成移动层的二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法,包括:
配制胺化合物的浓度为5%以上且70%以下、且温度为10℃以上且100℃以下的胺水溶液的工序;
使硅凝胶含浸于所述胺水溶液的工序;和
对负载了所述胺化合物的所述硅凝胶进行通风干燥的工序;
所述硅凝胶的粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下,平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下,而且细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述硅凝胶的由下式(1)定义的耐水性N为45%以上;
N=(W/W0)×100…(1);
其中,N为硅凝胶的耐水性百分数;W0为浸渍于水中的硅凝胶颗粒的全部个数;W为W0中未发生破裂的硅凝胶颗粒的个数。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的二氧化碳吸附剂的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述胺化合物是从由具备至少一个羟基的胺类、以及聚胺类组成的组中选择的至少一种。
4.一种二氧化碳吸附剂,其特征在于,
是在具备使包含于被处理气体的二氧化碳吸附至二氧化碳吸附剂的吸附槽和使脱附用水蒸气在吸附了二氧化碳的所述二氧化碳吸附剂上冷凝从而使二氧化碳从所述二氧化碳吸附剂脱离的脱附槽的二氧化碳处理系统中,所述吸附槽及所述脱附槽中形成移动层的二氧化碳吸附剂,
所述二氧化碳吸附剂是在粒径为1mm以上且5mm以下、平均细孔径为10nm以上且100nm以下、而且细孔容积为0.1cm3/g以上且1.3cm3/g以下的硅凝胶上负载胺化合物而形成的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的二氧化碳吸附剂,其特征在于,
所述硅凝胶的由下式(1)定义的耐水性N为45%以上;
N=(W/W0)×100…(1);
其中,N为硅凝胶的耐水性百分数;W0为浸渍于水中的硅凝胶颗粒的全部个数;W为W0中未发生破裂的硅凝胶颗粒的个数。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的二氧化碳吸附剂,其特征在于,
所述胺化合物是从由具备至少一个羟基的胺类、以及聚胺类组成的组中选择的至少一种。
7.一种二氧化碳处理系统,其特征在于,
具备通过权利要求4~6中任意一项所述的二氧化碳吸附剂在内部形成有移动层的吸附槽;
在所述吸附槽的下部设置有供给含二氧化碳的被处理气体的被处理气体供给口;
在所述吸附槽的上部设置有排出所述二氧化碳已被所述二氧化碳吸附剂吸附去除的排气的排气排出口。
8.根据权利要求7所述的二氧化碳处理系统,其特征在于,
具备通过从所述吸附槽排出的所述二氧化碳吸附剂在内部形成有移动层的脱附槽;
在所述脱附槽的下部设置有供给脱附用水蒸气的水蒸气供给口;
在所述脱附槽的上部设置有排出从所述二氧化碳吸附剂脱离的二氧化碳的二氧化碳排出口。
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