CN1087239C - 驱动汽车轮子用的联节轴,特别是侧轴 - Google Patents

驱动汽车轮子用的联节轴,特别是侧轴 Download PDF

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CN1087239C
CN1087239C CN97102962A CN97102962A CN1087239C CN 1087239 C CN1087239 C CN 1087239C CN 97102962 A CN97102962 A CN 97102962A CN 97102962 A CN97102962 A CN 97102962A CN 1087239 C CN1087239 C CN 1087239C
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shaft
displaced segments
axle journal
shaft part
coupling shaft
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CN1167054A (zh
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沃纳·雅各
曼佛雷德·尼德赫芬
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GKN Driveline Deutschland GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/04Ball or roller bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02Shafts; Axles
    • F16C3/03Shafts; Axles telescopic
    • F16C3/035Shafts; Axles telescopic with built-in bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • F16D3/065Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement by means of rolling elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22323Attachments to the shaft of the inner joint member whereby the attachments are distanced from the core

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种汽车驱动轮联节轴,它有两个通过中间轴相连的同步活节。它包括滑动件及轴段,滑动件有滑动轴颈及围着轴颈的管形位移段。位移段与轴段间焊接而连。轴段由整体材料或空心材料制成,并可构成软性转动。考虑到滑动件及其构件的扭转刚度问题,故在较高扭矩及突然施加扭转负荷时,滑动件的滚动体就滚入到由滑动轴颈和管形位移区构成的滚道中,从而达到长度移动的平衡。轴段进行柔性转动,从而起到如扭转弹簧杆的作用。

Description

驱动汽车轮子用的联节轴,特别是侧轴
本发明涉及驱动汽车轮子用的联节轴,特别是侧轴,它有两个同步活节,彼此由中间轴连接起来。该活节包括一个滑动件和一轴段,滑动件有一段轴颈和一个同轴向的并包围轴颈的管形位移段。该位移段与轴段是相连接的,并且,在两个沿平行于中间轴的纵轴线方向所设的、由滑动轴颈和位移段组成的滚道之间嵌有滚动体。此外,滑动轴颈与轴段可以通过同步活节中的一个单独组成一个构件,也可以与它们连接起来。
这样一种联节轴,例如在DE4419373A1中已介绍过。其中提到的中间轴总的看来是不够灵活。
在设计驱动汽车的侧轴时,还有设计两个同步活节的中间轴时,按照活节的扭转刚度要求要尽可能地考虑到扭转刚性。但是,对这样一种扭转刚性的设计可能会影响其功能,特别是在紧急起动时,即所谓的暴发起动时,由于突然施加于同步活节上的负荷较高,对它的功能会带来不利影响,因为整个最大负荷的传递是在无缓冲情况下进行的。例如,在使用这种联节轴时,由于车轮的弹性伸缩而引起联节轴的长度改变,这种改变是通过作为移动节头所构成的同步活节来保持平衡的,这就可能造成过分拉紧,从而干扰了同步活节与联节轴的长度变化的配合。
如果按照已有技术(DE4419373A1)选择一种方式,这种结构方式是较好的,但是,在一种较好的结构时,对同步活节同样要求也较高。
本发明的目的在于,设计出一种联节轴,该联节轴既要使其构件有出色的功能,还要能够保证在较高的应力下及其突然出现高负荷时能良好工作。
按照本发明的一种驱动汽车轮子用的联节轴有两个由一中间轴连接起来的同步活节,该联节轴包括一纵轴线、一滑动件和一轴段,该滑动件包括一滑动轴颈、一个同轴向并包围住该滑动轴颈的管形位移段和诸滚动体,这些滚动体在平行于纵轴线方向所设的滑动轴颈的滚道和位移段的滚道里滚动,该位移段与轴段相互连接,此外,滑动轴颈和轴段既可以通过同步活节中的一个单独组成一个构件,也可以与它们连接而成,其特点在于,该轴段的扭转刚度小于滑动轴颈和位移段的扭转刚度,滑动轴颈和位移段的扭转刚度是按照车辆驱动轮达到的最高扭矩设计的。
这样一种结构的优点是:当负荷突然出现时,平衡转动的轴段就产生扭转。该轴段起到扭杆弹簧的作用。车辆加速行驶相当平稳这同样也可看成优点。为了一方面尽可能达到行驶舒适,另一方面要使传动段的其它部件上不得有不允许的过高负荷,车辆生产者可以根据愿望来设计扭转刚度。
其它优点是,滑动轴承可使处于转动的及能够摆动的传动轴保持平稳,并且尽可能地减少应力叠加(Spannungsuberlagerung)。滑动部分的构件具有刚性,从而使滑动部分的功能不受影响。优点还有,当轴段发生扭转时并不影响到活节,因为,由于扭转而引起的长度改变可通过滑动部分保持平衡,由此连接的一些活节并不受应力影响。
属于滑动部分的构件处于转动方向时,借助预应力彼此是错开的,此优点也是预料之中。
根据车辆事先规定出现的扭转刚度来适当地设计轴段的扭转刚度。
如果轴段及它的两个端部连接区的间隙设计成圆柱形并且由一整体材料制成,则这种结构更为有利。把轴段和位移段设计成一整体件,位移段制成波状管截面,轴段制成圆柱形管截面,这样做也是可以的。
如果选取由整体材料制成的轴段,则朝向移动部分的移动段的轴段连接区要有一个直径较大的盘形面。应在该连接区上固定例如可通过焊接来固定住移动部分的移动段。
下面,通过示意图来表示并借助这些图示加以详细说明所选取的本发明的较佳实施例以及在四轮车辆上的应用情况。其中附图为:
图1是一辆四轮传动汽车的驱动图;
图2表示沿纵向表示的本发明联节轴的第一结构形式;
图3表示中间轴的稍经修改后的结构形式,此处由整体材料制成的轴段及所连接的移动段为一个深冲工件。
图4表示联节轴的稍经修改后的结构形式,联节轴的移动段及轴段是连成一体的,并制成管状。
由图1可看到车辆的所有轮子的传动以及传动杆。驱动马达3通过接在其后的变速器驱动前轴差速器4,由差速器4的两个传动输出端经侧轴7再带动两个前轮1。通过前轴差速器4来引导后轮2的转向运动,为样就可以通过一个支路减速器(Abzweiggetriebe)及一根纵轴带动后轴差速器5了,侧轴6从该差速器出来到达后轮2。
图2是侧轴6的第一结构方式,用来传动诸如两个后轮2之中的一个,它是以纵剖面表示的。
考虑侧轴使用的联节轴6,按照图2所示,包括两个同步活节,即朝后轮安装的第一同步活节8以及朝轴差速器安装的第二同步活节9。这两个同步活节8,9由一中间轴10连接起来。第一同步活节8包括一活节外层件11,并且在它的室腔中围绕着纵轴线22周围布置有外层滚槽12。连接轴颈13用来将活节外层件11连接到后轮之中的一个轮壳上。位于活节外层件11的室腔中有一个活节内部件14,它借助一个控制件21可以朝各方向摆动。在活节内部件14的外表面上与活节外层件11的外滚动槽12相对之处上相应地布置有内滚动槽15。在一对相对的外滚动槽12和内滚动槽15中,设有一个滚珠17用来传递扭矩。所有滚珠17都是置于滚动轴承的保持架16的孔内滚动的。活节内部件14有一个指向第二同步活节9的连接轴颈18。该轴颈的端部有一连接件19,用来同中间轴10的相应连接件进行连接。此外,连接轴颈18与活节外层件11之间的空腔通过一个可折护套20封闭起来。第二同步活节9的结构原理基本上与第一同步活节8类同,只是连接方式有所改变。
第二同步活节9的活节内部件23有一属于滑动件25的滑动轴颈24。在滑动轴颈24的外表面上,围绕着纵轴线22及延着该轴线延伸地分布有滚动体27用的滚动槽26。滚动体27最好为滚球,并且在每个滚动槽26内连续地布置很多滚球。滚动体27被保持在轴承保持架28内,并嵌入在位移段29的滚动槽30中。位移段29制成管形结构。滚动槽30与滚动槽26分别相对,并同样地与纵轴线22平行地延伸。位移段29的外表面与同步活节9的活节外部件的外表面之间紧靠着一个用来密封的可折护套34。在位移段29的孔中,朝中间轴10的轴段33方向内装有一个端罩31,它用来限制滚动体27在滚动槽26、20中的位移量。
面向轴段33的位移段29的连接端部(Anschluβend)是该轴段的一个形似盘状的加大了的连接部位,它与轴段33通过焊接连成。轴颈33的另一端为连接件32,用来与同步活节8的连接轴颈18的连接件19相连接,该连接轴颈是属于活节内部件14的一部分。轴段33由一整体材料制成为圆柱形。位移部分25,或者说这个部分所属的构件,即位移段29和滑动轴颈24的扭转刚度的设计是这样考虑的:在传递扭矩达到满载情况下,也就是说所谓的发火时,或突然剧烈起动时,必须保证位移功能,即是说,在此种情况下,滚动体27还能够顺利地滚动到滚动槽26、30之中,以便使不受干扰地接受两个同步活节8、9的中点之间的长度变化。轴段33的扭转刚度相对较小,这样,在施加适当的扭矩时,则轴段33的扭转处于一种弹性范围。通过前面所述的措施,当由于扭转而使长度改变时,就不会使导致过分夹紧的张力作用到与中间轴10相连接的同步活节8,9上。
图3为有关轴段33’以及与它连接的滑动段29’的另一种修改后的结构形式,它是根据图2结构改变的,其位移段29’制成深冲件,可以看出轴形(Wellenform)横截面。该轴形,即在位移段29’的管形段中设有隆起部分,会产生较高的扭转刚度,这样,在扭矩作用下实际上不会产生形变,或者,仅仅出现很小变形。不过,此变形能够保证滚动体良好地滚压(Abwalzen)到位移段29’的波谷中。此外还可以看出,位移段29’朝轴段33’的连接区方向上,有一个向内伸出的凸缘。中心孔由一个塞子封住。从连接区35可以看出轴段33’有一个盘形大直径部分,它由一块整体材料制成。位移段29’通过焊接处36同连接区35相连接。在朝向位移段29’的端部可以有一连接件32。该连接件在此是一端面啮合齿,它是装在与轴段33’的形状相适应的轴环上。
图4表示联接轴6’的一种结构形式,属于中间轴10’的位移段29’及轴段33”为一块整体件,并且是制成管子形,朝向位移段29”的管子是加大了的。在该部位具有一定的扭转刚度,该扭转刚度应这样地确定,即当出现较高扭矩负荷和突然产生扭矩负荷情况下使不可超过额定值的变形量,也就是说,这样就能扰乱位移部分25’的功能,即扰乱同步活节8’及9’之间的长度变化的微小公差。通过一个短轴颈18’把同步活节8’的活节内件与轴段33”之间连接起来,该轴段33”制成管状并且直到位移段29”的直径是比较小的。短轴颈的外部可以设一个沿着纵轴线延伸的啮合齿,把啮合齿压入到轴段33”的孔中,这样就实现内部连接。轴向保险(Axialsicherung)可通过一个安全环来完成。管形轴段33”的扭转刚度同样按照严格设计要求,诸如按照图2实施例所述的要求那样。

Claims (5)

1.驱动汽车轮子(1)用的联节轴(6),有两个由一中间轴(10)连接起来的同步活节(8,8’,9,9’),该联节轴包括一纵轴线(22)、一滑动件(25,25’)和一轴段(33,33’,33”),该滑动件(25,25’)包括一滑动轴颈(24)、一个同轴向并包围住该滑动轴颈(24)的管形位移段(29,29’)和诸滚动体(27),这些滚动体(27)在平行于纵轴线(22)方向所设的滑动轴颈(24)的滚道(26,30)和位移段(29,29’)的滚道(26,30)里滚动,该位移段(29,29’)与轴段(33,33’,33”)相互连接,此外,滑动轴颈(24)和轴段(33,33’,33”)既可以通过同步活节(8,8’,9,9’)中的一个单独组成一个构件,也可以与它们连接而成,
其特征在于,该轴段(33,33’,33”)的扭转刚度小于滑动轴颈(24)和位移段(29,29’)的扭转刚度,滑动轴颈(24)和位移段(29,29’)的扭转刚度是按照车辆驱动轮(1)达到最高扭矩设计的。
2.按照权利要求1的联节轴,其特征在于,属于滑动件(25,25’)的构件,借助预应力沿转动方向上彼此隔断的。
3.按照权利要求1或2的联节轴,其特征在于,轴段(33,33’)除它两个端部连接区之外,为圆柱形结构并且由一整体材料制成。
4.按照权利要求1或2的联节轴,其特征在于,轴段(33”)与位移段(29”)构成一整体件,位移段(29”)制成波形管截面,轴段(33”)制成圆柱形管截面。
5.按照权利要求3的联节轴,其特征在于,朝位移段(29,29’)方向的滑动件(25)是轴段(33,33’)的规定连接区(35),其直径被加大而制成盘状。
CN97102962A 1996-03-11 1997-03-11 驱动汽车轮子用的联节轴,特别是侧轴 Expired - Lifetime CN1087239C (zh)

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DE1996109423 DE19609423C2 (de) 1996-03-11 1996-03-11 Gelenkwelle, insbesondere Seitenwelle zum Antrieb der Räder eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE19609423.2 1996-03-11

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CN1087239C true CN1087239C (zh) 2002-07-10

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DE102010009685B4 (de) * 2009-03-02 2017-10-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Gleichlaufgelenk
DE202009006696U1 (de) 2009-05-08 2010-09-23 Bf New Technologies Gmbh Gleichlaufgelenk und Gelenkwelle
KR101451155B1 (ko) * 2013-10-11 2014-10-15 현대자동차주식회사 드라이브샤프트의 장착구조
JP6209108B2 (ja) * 2014-03-12 2017-10-04 本田技研工業株式会社 自在継手
CN105715689A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2016-06-29 力帆实业(集团)股份有限公司 一种汽车及汽车传动轴与差速器连接结构
EP3615822B1 (de) * 2017-04-25 2021-06-02 GKN Driveline Deutschland GmbH Wellenverbindung und antriebswelle mit einer solchen wellenverbindung
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FR2745761B1 (fr) 2001-04-13
FR2745761A1 (fr) 1997-09-12
GB2311117A (en) 1997-09-17
BR9701249A (pt) 1998-11-10
JPH10955A (ja) 1998-01-06
GB9704924D0 (en) 1997-04-30
DE19609423C2 (de) 2000-07-27
DE19609423A1 (de) 1997-09-18
CN1167054A (zh) 1997-12-10
GB2311117B (en) 1998-04-15

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