CN108704105A - 一种治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物 - Google Patents

一种治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物 Download PDF

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CN108704105A
CN108704105A CN201810893930.2A CN201810893930A CN108704105A CN 108704105 A CN108704105 A CN 108704105A CN 201810893930 A CN201810893930 A CN 201810893930A CN 108704105 A CN108704105 A CN 108704105A
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cerebral infarction
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刘红权
成小兰
李静波
房铭铭
江淑婷
陆语迪
龚杰
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Jiangsu Provincial Insititute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物。本发明由水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮、石菖蒲和郁金组合,通过配伍发挥各药物的协同作用,从而能够更有效地清热解毒、凉血化瘀开窍,达到治疗脑梗死急性期的目的。本发明中药组合物的疗效确切,无毒副作用,有效率达96.55%,具有良好的疗效和潜在的临床应用价值。

Description

一种治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物及其制剂,属于中医药技术领域。
背景技术
脑梗死(cerebral infarction,CI)是缺血性卒中(ischemic stroke)的总称,包括脑血栓形成、腔隙性梗死和脑栓塞等,约占全部脑卒中的70%,是脑血液供应障碍引起脑部病变。在我国,脑梗死具有发病率高、病死率高、致残率高、复发率高的“四高”特性。脑梗死已成为我国目前居民死亡及致残原因的第一位,医学界比较公认的导致脑梗死高致残率的一个重要因素是忽视脑梗死急性期的康复治疗。康复效果差会导致很多后遗症,如有偏瘫、半侧肢体障碍、肢体麻木、偏盲、失语等,给患者家庭和社会带来了沉重的经济负担。
发病患者大多数为进展性脑梗死,临床上根据病程将其分为4期:复流时窗期(症状出现6小时内)、急性期(2-4周)、恢复期(1-6月)、后遗症期(6个月以上)。现代研究表明,溶解血栓、恢复血供是最合理的治疗方法。由于溶栓治疗是有一定的“时间窗”范围的,有研究认为,3-6h内溶栓治疗明显,即脑梗死复流时窗期。但受制于该疾病具有发生时间不确定、患者判断不明确、送医和确诊时间长等问题,绝大多数患者难以在复流时窗期得到及时治疗,脑梗死急性期的治疗则称为影响患者预后最关键的阶段。
脑梗死急性期患者病情轻重程度不同,康复难度很大,部分患者还会出现神经功能恶化,且目前尚无统一的康复操作规范和共识。脑梗死依据发病机制的不同分为脑血栓形成、脑栓塞和腔隙性脑梗死等主要类型。由于脑血栓形成的病因基础主要为动脉粥样硬化,因而产生动脉粥样硬化的因素是发生脑梗死最常见的病因。
脑梗死在中医领域又称中风,在我国有着悠久的治疗史和丰富的临床经验,随着现代中医药理论的不断发展和技术手段的更新,传统中药在治疗脑梗死的作用机理研究不断深入,其治疗地位也得到了国际社会的广泛认可。通过不同中医疗法的优化组合,能有效提高患者功能恢复率和降低脑梗死后的致残率,在临床上已被广泛采用作为治疗脑梗死的常规治疗。本发明基于中医辨证施治理论和临床经验,为临床医生提供了一种选择方案。其组方配伍合理、临床疗效好、毒副作用小、处方成本低,能在降低患者痛苦的同时减轻患者的经济负担。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种起效快、疗效好、无副作用的治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下措施实现的:
一种治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物,该中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制得:水牛角10-50份、生地黄10-30份、赤芍10-30份、牡丹皮10-30份、石菖蒲6-20份、郁金10-30份。
上述治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物优选由以下重量份的原料制得:水牛角10-30份、生地黄10-20份、赤芍10-20份、牡丹皮10-20份、石菖蒲6-15份、郁金10-20份。
该中药组合物与药学上可接受的辅料制成多种制剂,如汤剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂等,优选制剂为颗粒剂。
上述治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物的制备方法包括下述步骤:将水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮四味药材饮片混合后采用水提,将石菖蒲、郁金两味药材饮片混合后采用70%乙醇热回流提取,将水提液与乙醇提取液分别浓缩后合并,喷雾干燥,混匀,制成中药组合物。
上述水提法取采用水提2-3次,每次1-3h,水用量为药材总重的8-10倍量。
上述醇提法取采用70%乙醇提取2-3次,每次1-2h,乙醇用量为药材总重的8-10倍量。
浓缩所得清膏可采用喷雾干燥制成颗粒。具体为将清膏经喷雾干燥后得到细粉,加入糊精制粒。
上述颗粒剂采用糊精制成湿颗粒过18-20目筛,干燥,整粒,再次过筛,装袋包装即得。
上述胶囊剂采用氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、淀粉、硬脂酸镁等辅料,与干燥细粉混合均匀,填充胶囊即得。
上述片剂采用糖粉、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、碳酸钙等辅料,与干燥细粉混合均匀,湿法制粒,干燥,压片即得。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下明显优势:
首先,本发明所采用的中药组合物是依据脑梗死急性期的病机特点研制而成,相对于同类型化学药品而言,无明显毒副作用,安全系数高。其组方的药性和特点如下:
水牛角为君药,味苦咸、性寒,归心、肝、脾、胃四经,能清心肝而解热毒,且寒而不遏,直入血分而凉血。
生地黄和赤芍共为臣药,生地黄味甘苦、性寒,归心、肝、肾经,能清热凉血,养阴生津,可恢复阴血亏失和止血。赤芍味苦,性微寒,归肝经,能清热凉血、散瘀止痛,用于温病热入血分的身热出血,目赤肿痛,与生地黄共同辅助水牛角解血分实热。
牡丹皮、石菖蒲和郁金共为佐使药。牡丹皮味苦,性微寒,能清热凉血、活血散瘀,可起到收斑化瘀的作用。石菖蒲味辛苦,性温,归心、胃经,能开窍豁痰、醒神益智,用于神昏癫痫,中恶卒死。郁金味辛苦,性寒,归肝、心、肺经,能行气化瘀,清心解郁,用于,热病神昏,癫痫发狂。6药合用,共同发挥清热解毒、凉血化瘀开窍之功效。
本发明采用水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮、石菖蒲、郁金为主要原料,提取其具有药用价值的有效部位而制成的制剂,具有清热凉血、散瘀开窍之功效,因此,本发明所述的中药组合物可在制备治疗脑梗死急性期的药物中应用。
本发明为常年临床实践总结出的经验方。该方中无配伍禁忌,使用量均在药典规定范围内,长期临床使用中未发现毒副作用。
其次,本发明的中药组合物在临床使用中疗效反馈明显,发明人2个疗程的临床观察,治疗组基本痊愈13例,显著进步32例,进步11例,显效率70.59%,有效率96.55%;对照组基本痊愈8例,显著进步22例,进步16例,显效率52.63%,有效率80.70%。2组显效率和有效率比较均有显著差异(P<0.05,治疗组显著优于对照组)。治疗组及对照组的经过治疗后的神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)均有改善,差异较入院时有统计学意义(P<0.05),但治疗组较对照组改善更为显著,总体临床效果与对照组比较有显著性差异。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明。但实施例的具体细节仅用于解释本发明,不应理解为对本发明总的技术方案的限定。以下实施例中,每重量份为1克。
实施例1:
汤剂的制备:
按以下重量份称取本发明原料药:水牛角30克、生地黄15克、赤芍15克、牡丹皮10克、石菖蒲10克、郁金10克。
按照上述比例称取中药各组份饮片,第一次加4倍量的水浸泡1h,煎煮2h,第二次加水3倍量,煎煮1.5h,第三次加水3倍量,煎煮1.5h,分别滤过煎煮液,合并即得。
使用本发明中药组合物治疗脑梗死急性期时,服用所制备的汤剂,每日1剂,分2-3次服用。
实施例2:
颗粒剂的制备:
按以下重量份称取本发明原料药:水牛角15克、生地黄12克、赤芍10克、牡丹皮12克、石菖蒲6克、郁金12克。
按照上述比例称取中药各组份饮片,将水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮四味药材饮片混合后采用水提,将石菖蒲、郁金两味药材饮片混合后采用70%乙醇热回流提取,将水提液与乙醇提取液分别浓缩后合并,过滤取上清液,加入糊精,湿法制成颗粒,干燥,混匀,即得。
上述水提法取采用水提3次,每次2h,水用量为药材总重的8倍量。
上述醇提法取采用70%乙醇提取3次,每次1.5h,乙醇用量为药材总重的8倍量。
上述水煎液及乙醇提取液合并后滤过,滤液减压浓缩至75℃时相对密度1.1-1.2的清膏,管式离心机转速为5000rpm。
使用本发明中药组合物治疗脑梗死急性期时,服用所制备的颗粒剂,每袋含组合物5g,相当于含生药量32.5g,每次1袋,每日2次。
实施例3:
胶囊剂的制备:
按以下重量份称取本发明原料药:水牛角20克、生地黄15克、赤芍12克、牡丹皮12克、石菖蒲6克、郁金12克。
按照上述比例称取中药各组份饮片,将水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮四味药材饮片混合后采用水提,将石菖蒲、郁金两味药材饮片混合后采用70%乙醇热回流提取,将水提液与乙醇提取液分别浓缩后合并,真空减压干燥,粉碎,混匀,加入辅料,整粒,混匀,填充胶囊即得。
上述水提法取采用水提2次,每次2h,水用量为药材总重的10倍量。
上述醇提法取采用70%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5h,乙醇用量为药材总重的10倍量。
上述药用辅料为氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、淀粉、硬脂酸镁。
使用本发明中药组合物治疗脑梗死急性期时,服用所制备的胶囊剂,每粒含组合物0.5g,相当于生药量7g,每次3-4粒,每日2-3次。
实施例4:
片剂的制备:
按以下重量份称取本发明原料药:水牛角15克、生地黄12克、赤芍12克、牡丹皮10克、石菖蒲10克、郁金12克。
按照上述比例称取中药各组份饮片,将水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮四味药材饮片混合后采用水提,将石菖蒲、郁金两味药材饮片混合后采用70%乙醇热回流提取,将水提液与乙醇提取液分别浓缩后合并,真空减压干燥,粉碎,加入糖粉,制成颗粒,加入药用辅料混匀,压片,干燥,包装即得。
上述水提法取采用水提3次,每次1.5h,水用量为药材总重的9倍量。
上述醇提法取采用70%乙醇提取3次,每次1h,乙醇用量为药材总重的9倍量。
上述药用辅料为微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、碳酸钙。
使用本发明中药组合物治疗脑梗死急性期时,服用所制备的片剂,每粒含组合物0.4g,相当于生药量6g,每次3-4粒,每日2-3次。
实施例5:
采用本发明实施例方法制备得到的药物组合物进行临床试验:
1、病例选择:某医院神经内科就诊的脑梗死急性期患者,共115例,其中男性61例,女性54例;年龄最大为81岁,最小为66岁,平均年龄78.078±7.215岁。诊断标准参考2013年美国神经病学会(AAN)缺血性脑血管病抗栓药物的应用指南、中国脑梗死中西医结合诊治指南(2017),患者入院时均根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)进行评分,将上述病例随机分成2组,2组在年龄、性别、病情方面均无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2、治疗方法:两组患者分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予常规治疗,根据病情调控患者血压,采用抗血小板、降纤、静脉溶栓药物治疗,观察患者并发症并对症治疗,同时配合神经功能康复训练等。治疗组除采用上述疗法外,口服实施例1中的汤剂,单个处方量/日,分2次服用,疗程14天,连续治疗2个疗程。
3、疗效判定标准:根据治疗前后NIHSS评分改变评估各组治疗效果及组间比较疗效,疗效评定标准:
基本治愈:NIHSS降低≥90%;
显著进步:NIHSS降低46%~89%;
进步:NIHSS降低18%~45%;
无变化:NIHSS降低或增加<18%;
恶化:NIHSS增加≥18%。
显效率=基本治愈率+显著进步率;总有效率=基本治愈率+显著进步率+进步率。
统计学处理采用t检验和Fisher检验。
4、两组临床效果比较见表1:
表1两组脑梗死急性期患者疗效比较(例)
组别 患者数 基本痊愈 显著进步 进步 无变化 恶化
对照组 57 8 22 16 9 2
治疗组 58 13 32 11 1 1
由上述结果可知,脑梗死急性期患者加用本发明汤剂治疗前后对比,其NIHSS指标的改善程度均显著优于对照组,说明使用常规治疗手段加服该汤剂能有效改善感染脑梗死急性期患者神经功能恢复,可有效降低后遗症的发生率。
2组患者临床疗效比较见表2:
表2 2组患者临床疗效比较表
组别 显效 有效 无效 显效率(%) 有效率(%)
对照组 30 46 11 52.63 80.70
治疗组 45 56 2 77.59 96.55
2组患者NIHSS评分比较见表3:
表3 2组患者NIHSS评分比较表
如上表所示,治疗组有效率96.55%,对照组有效率73.68%,2组比较有显著差异(P<0.05,治疗组显著优于对照组)。治疗组显效率77.59%,显效率52.63%,2组比较有显著差异(P<0.05,治疗组显著优于对照组)。以上治疗结果表明本发明的中药组合物对脑梗死急性期患者神经功能恢复有良好的辅助作用,配合临床治疗使用,可改善脑梗死急性期患者的临床症状和体征,说明本发明的中药组合物对脑梗死急性期患者有良好的疗效和潜在的临床应用价值。

Claims (8)

1.一种治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份的原料制得:水牛角10-50份、生地黄10-30份、赤芍10-30份、牡丹皮10-30份、石菖蒲6-20份、郁金10-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的原料制得:水牛角10-30份、生地黄10-20份、赤芍10-20份、牡丹皮10-20份、石菖蒲6-15份、郁金10-20份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于该组合物与药学可接受的辅料制成制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于所述的剂型是汤剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂或片剂。
5.一种权利要求1或2所述的治疗脑梗死急性期的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括下述步骤:将水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮四味药材饮片混合后采用水提,将石菖蒲、郁金两味药材饮片混合后采用70%乙醇热回流提取,将水提液与乙醇提取液分别浓缩后合并,喷雾干燥,混匀,制成中药组合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于水提法取采用水提2-3次,每次1-3h,水用量为药材总重的8-10倍量。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于醇提法取采用70%乙醇提取2-3次,每次1-2h,乙醇用量为药材总重的8-10倍量。
8.权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物在制备治疗脑梗死急性期的药物中的应用。
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