CN108669358B - 一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料 - Google Patents

一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料 Download PDF

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CN108669358B
CN108669358B CN201810265241.7A CN201810265241A CN108669358B CN 108669358 B CN108669358 B CN 108669358B CN 201810265241 A CN201810265241 A CN 201810265241A CN 108669358 B CN108669358 B CN 108669358B
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王国霞
黄燕华
孙育平
李国立
莫文艳
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Guangzhou Fishtech Biotechnology Co ltd
Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，包括黑水虻幼虫粉和其他配料。本发明用黑水虻幼虫粉替换乌贼膏在生鱼配合饲料中应用，不但不会对摄食量和适口性造成影响(黑水虻幼虫粉对生鱼具有诱食作用，可提高饲料的适口性和利用率)，还能改善生鱼的健康，促进生鱼的生长。并且，黑水虻幼虫粉质量可控，不易变质，成本比乌贼膏低廉，因此有望在生鱼配合饲料中广泛应用代替乌贼膏。

Description

一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料
技术领域：
本发明属于鱼饲料领域，具体涉及一种能改善健康、促生长的生鱼配合饲料。
背景技术：
生鱼也称黑鱼，是对斑鳢、乌鳢等鳢科鱼类的俗称，目前主要的养殖品种有乌鳢、斑鳢及其杂交种。属于乌鳢和斑鳢的远缘杂交后代，具有明显的远缘杂种优势，如肉质好、生长速度快、抗病力强、个体大、病害少、耐运输等。自从生鱼苗种成功培育以后，已得到大面积推广养殖，目前仅广东省生鱼的养殖面积就有6.8万亩，并向江苏、浙江、湖南、湖北等内陆省份不断延伸，已成为我国一种主要的特种淡水养殖品种，目前全国生鱼养殖产量有55万吨。生鱼一直以来被喻为高投入、高产出、高效益的养殖品种，但近几年来，在市场供求不平衡及消费疲软的双重影响下，生鱼行情低迷，价格下滑，始终徘徊在亏本边缘。如何突出重围？提升鱼的品质或建品牌鱼是途径之一。
乌贼膏作为一种饲料原料，对鱼虾有明显的诱食作用，可提高饲料的适口性和利用率，在水产饲料中有着广泛的应用，市场需求量连年上升。但是由于乌贼膏来源不稳定，水分及脂肪含量高，在储存、运输等过程中极易酸败变质，质量控制不好则易影响其使用效果。黑水虻幼虫粉是一种优质的昆虫粉，富含氨基酸、脂肪酸等，有明显的虫香味。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种能够改善生鱼健康，促进生鱼生长，并能控制好配合饲料的质量的生鱼配合饲料。
本发明的生鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，包括黑水虻幼虫粉和其他配料。
优选，所述的黑水虻幼虫粉在生鱼配合饲料中的质量占比为3～5％。
所述的生鱼配合饲料，按质量份数计，包括鱼粉20-35份、豆粕20-35份，花生粕3-10份、发酵豆粕3-10份、黑水虻幼虫粉1-6份、高筋面粉22-28份、大豆卵磷脂1-3份、鱼油2-4份、磷酸二氢钙0.5-1.5份、维生素预混料0.1-0.3份、矿物质预混料0.1-1.0份、氯化胆碱0.3-0.7份、维生素C磷酸酯(35％)0.1-0.3份、L-赖氨酸0.1-1.0份、L-蛋氨酸0.05-0.3份。
优选，所述的生鱼配合饲料，按质量份数计，包括鱼粉25份、豆粕30份，花生粕5份、发酵豆粕5份、黑水虻幼虫粉3～5份、高筋面粉23.6～24.6份、大豆卵磷脂1.5份、鱼油3份、磷酸二氢钙1份、维生素预混料0.2份、矿物质预混料0.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、维生素C磷酸酯(35％)0.1份、L-赖氨酸0.5份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50％)0.1份。
所述的维生素预混料，按总质量分数100％计，由下列组份组成：维生素B2 0.8％、烟酸0.35％、泛酸0.3％、维生素B12 0.003％、生物素0.007％、维生素C 5％、维生素E1.6％、叶酸0.1％、维生素A0.25％、维生素D 0.05％、维生素K3 0.4％、肌醇4％和次粉87.14％，按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
所述的矿物质预混料，按总质量分数100％计，由下列组份组成：硫酸钾15.65％、氯化钾8.52％、碘化钾0.093％、氯化钴0.098％、硫酸亚铁12.41％、硫酸铜0.37％、亚硒酸钠1.48％、硫酸锰0.28％、硫酸镁5.38％、氯化钠2.48％、碘酸钙0.12％和沸石粉53.119％，按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
本发明用黑水虻幼虫粉替换乌贼膏在生鱼配合饲料中应用，不但不会对摄食量和适口性造成影响(黑水虻幼虫粉对生鱼具有诱食作用，可提高饲料的适口性和利用率)，还能改善生鱼的健康，促进生鱼的生长。并且，黑水虻幼虫粉质量可控，不易变质，成本比乌贼膏低廉，因此有望在生鱼配合饲料中广泛应用代替乌贼膏。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
1、饲养与管理：选用均重为83.20g的健康生鱼，设计3个处理(黑水虻幼虫粉添加比例分别为质量分数0、3％、5％，标记为对照组、试验组1和试验组2，各组饲料等氮等能)，饲料配方见表1，混合均匀后制作为膨化饲料，每个处理设3个平行，共有9个网箱，
1.5m×1.5m×2.0m，每个网箱放生鱼20尾，每天按体重的4％-5％投喂饲料，每天投喂两次。养殖周期为71d。养殖期间水温18.0-32.2℃、亚硝酸盐＜0.005mg/L、氨氮＜0.1mg/L。
所述的维生素预混料，按总质量分数100％计，由下列组份组成：维生素B2 0.8％、烟酸0.35％、泛酸0.3％、维生素B12 0.003％、生物素0.007％、维生素C 5％、维生素E1.6％、叶酸0.1％、维生素A 0.25％、维生素D 0.05％、维生素K3 0.4％、肌醇4％和次粉87.14％，按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
所述的矿物质预混料，按总质量分数100％计，由下列组份组成：硫酸钾15.65％、氯化钾8.52％、碘化钾0.093％、氯化钴0.098％、硫酸亚铁12.41％、硫酸铜0.37％、亚硒酸钠1.48％、硫酸锰0.28％、硫酸镁5.38％、氯化钠2.48％、碘酸钙0.12％和沸石粉53.119％，按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
表1饲料配方(按质量分数计)
Figure BDA0001611200620000031
Figure BDA0001611200620000041
2、结果：
各组生长性能结果见表2，从表可知，试验组增重率、特定生长率较对照组显著增加(P＜0.05)，增重率分别提高了23.77％和38.19％、特定生长率提高了16.0％和25.01％，饲料系数显著降低(P＜0.05)，饲料系数分别降低了18.86％和28.13％；摄食量没有差异，且数据非常接近，说明用黑水虻幼虫粉替代乌贼膏后对生鱼的适口性和诱食性等同。试验组1和试验组2间没有差异，但试验组2要优于试验组1的。
表2各组生长性能和摄食量
组别 增重率％ 特定增长率 饵料系数 摄食量 成活率
对照组 113.08±6.64a 1.06±0.04a 3.26±0.19b 304.66±0.47 100±0
试验组1 139.96±11.58b 1.23±0.07b 2.65±0.20a 304.20±0.30 100±0
试验组2 156.26±3.79b 1.33±0.02b 2.34±0.06a 304.29±0.09 100±0
各组背肌营养组成结果见表3，从表可知，跟对照组比较，试验组鱼的背肌水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量没有差异，粗脂肪含量增加，试验组2的达到显著水平(P＜0.05)。血清生化指标见表4，跟对照组比较，试验组鱼的血清胆固醇含量显著下降(P＜0.05)，其他指标甘油三酯、转氨酶、血糖和总蛋白没有差异。
表3背肌营养组成
组别 水分(％) 粗蛋白(％) 粗脂肪(％) 灰分(％)
对照组 76.08±0.52 19.96±0.13 1.00±0.23a 1.14±0.02
试验组1 75.88±0.48 20.06±0.17 1.10±0.11ab 1.13±0.01
试验组2 75.61±0.06 19.81±0.12 1.70±0.12b 1.17±0.02
表4血清生化指标
Figure BDA0001611200620000051
结论：跟对照组配方比较，试验组是可以改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇含量，促进生长的配合饲料，同时也具备跟乌贼膏组同样的诱食性和适口性。
实施例2：
本发明的生鱼配合饲料，按质量份包括鱼粉20份、豆粕20份，花生粕3份、发酵豆粕3份、黑水虻幼虫粉1份、高筋面粉22份、大豆卵磷脂1份、鱼油2份、磷酸二氢钙0.5份、维生素预混料0.1份、矿物质预混料0.1份、氯化胆碱0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯(35％)0.1份、L-赖氨酸0.1份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50％)0.1份。混合均匀后制作为膨化饲料。
按照实施例1的实验进行实验，结果发现，本发明的生鱼配合饲料可以改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇含量，促进生长的配合饲料，同时也具备跟乌贼膏组同样的诱食性和适口性。
实施例3：
本发明的生鱼配合饲料包括鱼粉35份、豆粕35份，花生粕10份、发酵豆粕10份、黑水虻幼虫粉6份、高筋面粉28份、大豆卵磷脂3份、鱼油4份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、维生素预混料0.3份、矿物质预混料1.0份、氯化胆碱0.7份、维生素C磷酸酯(35％)0.3份、L-赖氨酸1.0份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50％)0.3份。混合均匀后制作为膨化饲料。
按照实施例1的实验进行实验，结果发现，本发明的生鱼配合饲料可以改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇含量，促进生长的配合饲料，同时也具备跟乌贼膏组同样的诱食性和适口性。

Claims (1)

1.黑水虻幼虫粉替代乌贼膏添加生鱼配合饲料中保持诱食、提高饲料的适口性和利用率、改善生鱼的健康，促进生鱼的生长中的应用，改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇，所述的生鱼配合饲料，按质量份数计，包括鱼粉25份、豆粕30份，花生粕5份、发酵豆粕5份、黑水虻幼虫粉3～5份、高筋面粉23.6～24.6份、大豆卵磷脂1.5份、鱼油3份、磷酸二氢钙1份、维生素预混料0.2份、矿物质预混料0.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、35％的维生素C磷酸酯0.1份、L-赖氨酸0.5份、包膜50％的L-蛋氨酸0.1份。
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