CN110476844B - 一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和dha沉积的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和dha沉积的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和DHA沉积的方法。DHA油在促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量中的应用。DHA油在制备促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量的鱼饲料中的应用。一种促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量的鱼饲料,在常规团头鲂鱼饲料中添加DHA油。一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和DHA沉积的方法,向团头鲂饲料配方中添加DHA油。本发明研究结果表明DHA可以一定程度上促进鱼体肌纤维发育;提高肌肉的硬度、粘性和咀嚼性,改善口感;提高鱼肉中的DHA的含量,从而提高鱼肉品质,改善其养殖效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产动物养殖、营养和品质调控技术领域,涉及一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和DHA沉积的方法。
背景技术
团头鲂为淡水草食性鲤科鱼类,是我国重要的杂食偏草食的经济鱼类之一,由于其食性广、成活率高、饲养周期短,且具有肉质细嫩,味道鲜美等优点,深受广大消费者喜欢。由2019年中国渔业统计年鉴可知,2018年我国团头鲂的总产量达到了783,393吨,在全国淡水养殖鱼类中居第七位。
随着居民生活水平的提高,人们对水产品的需求量越来越大,对水产品的肉品质要求也越来越高。鱼类的肌肉生长与陆生动物不同。肌纤维增生在陆生动物出生后很快就会结束,仅表现为肌纤维的肥大。但是在鱼类生命周期的大部分时间内,肌纤维的增生和肥大都持续存在。肌纤维结构的变化会影响肌肉的质地和颜色,骨骼肌纤维越细,肌纤维密度越大,肌肉硬度就大,且肌肉脂肪含量高,肉质细嫩,味美多汁。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对于动物的生长、免疫、神经发育等有很大的影响,它还能够调节肌纤维直径和密度,进而影响肌肉品质。此外,鱼类富含PUFA,对于消费者保持心血管健康有很重要的作用,因此增加鱼类肌肉中的PUFA的沉积量,对于消费者从鱼肉中获取PUFA具有很重要的意义。
目前,已有很多营养素用于提高鱼类肌纤维生长、改善鱼肉品质,比如蛋白质、精氨酸、赖氨酸、维生素E、硒等。但尚未见DHA油用于提高淡水鱼类肌纤维生长、改善淡水鱼肉品质中的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的上述不足,提供DHA油在促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量的鱼饲料。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和DHA沉积的方法。本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案实现
DHA油在促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量中的应用,优选DHA油在改善团头鲂鱼类肌纤维结构和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量中的应用;进一步优选DHA油在促进团头鲂骨骼肌纤维变细,肌纤维密度变大和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量中的应用。
DHA油在制备促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量的鱼饲料中的应用。
一种促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育和/或提高鱼肉中DHA含量的鱼饲料,在常规团头鲂鱼饲料中添加DHA油。
所述的鱼饲料中DHA油的添加量优选8-16g/kg。
所述鱼饲料优选原料包括:脱脂鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、豆油、DHA油、面粉、麸皮、磷酸二氢钙、乙氧基喹啉、食盐和复合预混料。
所述的鱼饲料优选,使用乙醚浸出的方法将鱼粉脱脂至脂肪含量为35g/kg。
一种提高促进鱼体肌纤维发育和DHA沉积的方法,向团头鲂饲料配方中添加DHA油。
DHA油是一种从海洋微藻中提取出的安全、高效、无污染的高品质DHA,其中DHA含量为50%。
所述的方法优选,所述的鱼饲料中DHA油的添加量为8-16g/kg;所述的DHA油中DHA含量优选50%。
有益效果:
(一)使用本发明配方鱼饲料后,团头鲂鱼体肌纤维结构发生变化,骨骼肌纤维变细,肌纤维密度变大,使肌肉硬度、粘性和咀嚼性变高,改善肉质;
(二)使用本发明配方鱼饲料后,促进团头鲂鱼体内DHA沉积,使鱼肉中的DHA含量增多,有利于消费者健康;
(三)使用本发明配方鱼饲料后,可以促进团头鲂增重,提高生产性能,进而降低养殖成本,增加产出;
(四)本发明所用的原料均为常见的在我国可规模化生产的饲料原料,其生产工艺也和一般的鱼用颗粒饲料类似,便于大规模推广。
附图说明
图1是饲喂对照组饲料的团头鲂白肌纤维横截面图
图2是饲喂试验组1饲料的团头鲂白肌纤维横截面图
图3是饲喂试验组2饲料的团头鲂白肌纤维横截面图
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
1.1饲料制备
试验饲料为三组:(1)对照组:正常饲料(不含DHA);(2)试验组1:8g/kg DHA油(含4g/kg DHA);(3)试验组2:16g/kg DHA油(含8g/kg DHA)。表1为试验各组原料配方表。基础日粮以脱脂鱼粉、豆粕、棉粕和菜粕为蛋白源,豆油和DHA油(DHA含量为50%)为脂肪源,面粉为糖源配制而成。使用制粒机制成直径2mm的颗粒,通风干燥并储存在-20℃。
表1饲料配方
注:复合预混料提供以下矿物质(g/kg饲料)和维生素(IU或mg/kg饲料):CuSO4·5H2O,2.0g;FeSO4·7H2O,25g;ZnSO4·7H2O,22g;MnSO4·4H2O,7g;Na2SeO3,0.04g;KI,0.026g;CoCl2·6H2O,0.1g;维生素A,900,000IU;维生素D,200,000IU;维生素E,4500mg;维生素K3,220mg;维生素B1,320mg;维生素B2,1090mg;维生素B5,2000mg;维生素B6,500mg;维生素B12,1.6mg;维生素C,5000mg;泛酸,1000mg;叶酸,165mg;胆碱,60,000mg。复合预混料可购买市售鱼用复合预混料。
1.2试验鱼与饲养管理
饲养试验在室外池塘(100×50×2m,L:W:H)进行。试验用鱼驯化15天,期间投喂商业饲料(310g/kg蛋白质和60g/kg脂质),驯化后挑选体格健壮规格整齐,初始体重为(平均初始体重26.40±0.11g)的团头鲂幼鱼240尾,每组有4个重复,每个重复有20条鱼。人工喂养饲料以达到饱食状态,每天三次(8:00,12:00和16:00),持续8周。试验期间,水温范围为27至35℃;溶解氧保持在5.0毫克/升以上;pH值为7.3至7.6;总氨氮和亚硝酸盐分别保持在0.4和0.01mg/L以下。
1.3生长性能和肌肉性能测定
试验结束后,对三组中鱼体进行称重,计算特定生长率和饵料系数,统计存活率。根据蔡万存(2017)描述的方法[1],进行肌肉组织学分析,使用Image-Pro Plus软件统计肌纤维的直径和密度,并根据这些参数判断DHA对鱼体肌纤维发育影响。
表2对照组、低水平DHA组和高水平DHA组生长性能
注:相同列不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
表3对照组、低水平DHA组和高水平DHA组肌纤维直径和密度
本发明DHA有显著促进鱼体增重的效果,从表2中可以看出,试验组1和试验组2的末重和特定生长率显著高于对照组。
本发明DHA对肌纤维的直径和密度有显著的影响,从表3和图1-3中可以看出,饲料中添加DHA显著影响肌纤维直径和密度,试验组1和试验组2中肌纤维密度和小纤维直径(<20um)显著高于对照组。可见,在饲料中添加DHA能够显著促进团头鲂肌纤维发育。
1.4鱼体口感测定
试验结束后,参考蔡万存(2017)的方法[1],将背肌切成厚度为1cm的立方体小块,于采样24h后,使用质构仪进行质构分析,并根据这组参数判断DHA对鱼体口感的影响。
表4对照组、低水平DHA组和高水平DHA组肌肉质构
注:相同列不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
本发明DHA对肌肉质构有显著的影响,从表4中可以看出,试验组1和试验组2中肌肉的硬度、粘性和咀嚼性显著高于对照组。可见,在饲料中添加DHA能够显著改善团头鲂肉质口感。
1.5DHA对鱼体肌肉DHA含量的影响
试验结束后,采集鱼体背肌,根据袁禹惠(2015)的描述[2],分别测定三组的肌肉脂肪酸组成,并根据这组参数判断DHA对鱼体肌肉DHA含量的影响。
表5对照组、低水平DHA组和高水平DHA组肌肉脂肪酸组成
注:相同列不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
本发明DHA对肌肉中DHA的沉积有显著的影响,从表5中可以看出,试验组1和试验组2中肌肉的DHA和PUFA的含量显著高于对照组。
本发明配方中所用的原料均为常见的在我国可规模化生产的饲料原料,制作工艺也相对简单。研究结果表明DHA可以一定程度上促进鱼体肌纤维发育;提高肌肉的硬度、粘性和咀嚼性,改善口感;提高鱼肉中的DHA的含量,从而提高鱼肉品质,改善其养殖效益。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,可以做出适当改进或替换,这些改进或替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。
参考文献
[1]蔡万存.大米蛋白完全替代鱼粉在团头鲂饲料中的研究[D].2017.
[2]袁禹惠.饲料中脂肪及花生四烯酸水平对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossussemilaevis)稚鱼生长、脂肪酸组成及代谢相关基因表达的影响[D].2015.
Claims (1)
1.DHA油在促进团头鲂鱼体肌纤维发育中的应用,其特征在于在团头鲂鱼饲料中添加有DHA油;所述的鱼饲料中DHA油的添加量为8-16gDHA/kg饲料;所述的DHA油中DHA含量为50%;所述鱼饲料原料包括:脱脂鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、豆油、DHA油、面粉、麸皮、磷酸二氢钙、乙氧基喹啉、食盐和复合预混料。
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