CN108669358A - 一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料 - Google Patents

一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料 Download PDF

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CN108669358A
CN108669358A CN201810265241.7A CN201810265241A CN108669358A CN 108669358 A CN108669358 A CN 108669358A CN 201810265241 A CN201810265241 A CN 201810265241A CN 108669358 A CN108669358 A CN 108669358A
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王国霞
黄燕华
孙育平
李国立
莫文艳
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Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,包括黑水虻幼虫粉和其他配料。本发明用黑水虻幼虫粉替换乌贼膏在生鱼配合饲料中应用,不但不会对摄食量和适口性造成影响(黑水虻幼虫粉对生鱼具有诱食作用,可提高饲料的适口性和利用率),还能改善生鱼的健康,促进生鱼的生长。并且,黑水虻幼虫粉质量可控,不易变质,成本比乌贼膏低廉,因此有望在生鱼配合饲料中广泛应用代替乌贼膏。

Description

一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料
技术领域:
本发明属于鱼饲料领域,具体涉及一种能改善健康、促生长的生鱼配合饲料。
背景技术:
生鱼也称黑鱼,是对斑鳢、乌鳢等鳢科鱼类的俗称,目前主要的养殖品种有乌鳢、斑鳢及其杂交种。属于乌鳢和斑鳢的远缘杂交后代,具有明显的远缘杂种优势,如肉质好、生长速度快、抗病力强、个体大、病害少、耐运输等。自从生鱼苗种成功培育以后,已得到大面积推广养殖,目前仅广东省生鱼的养殖面积就有6.8万亩,并向江苏、浙江、湖南、湖北等内陆省份不断延伸,已成为我国一种主要的特种淡水养殖品种,目前全国生鱼养殖产量有55万吨。生鱼一直以来被喻为高投入、高产出、高效益的养殖品种,但近几年来,在市场供求不平衡及消费疲软的双重影响下,生鱼行情低迷,价格下滑,始终徘徊在亏本边缘。如何突出重围?提升鱼的品质或建品牌鱼是途径之一。
乌贼膏作为一种饲料原料,对鱼虾有明显的诱食作用,可提高饲料的适口性和利用率,在水产饲料中有着广泛的应用,市场需求量连年上升。但是由于乌贼膏来源不稳定,水分及脂肪含量高,在储存、运输等过程中极易酸败变质,质量控制不好则易影响其使用效果。黑水虻幼虫粉是一种优质的昆虫粉,富含氨基酸、脂肪酸等,有明显的虫香味。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种能够改善生鱼健康,促进生鱼生长,并能控制好配合饲料的质量的生鱼配合饲料。
本发明的生鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,包括黑水虻幼虫粉和其他配料。
优选,所述的黑水虻幼虫粉在生鱼配合饲料中的质量占比为3~5%。
所述的生鱼配合饲料,按质量份数计,包括鱼粉20-35份、豆粕20-35份,花生粕3-10份、发酵豆粕3-10份、黑水虻幼虫粉1-6份、高筋面粉22-28份、大豆卵磷脂1-3份、鱼油2-4份、磷酸二氢钙0.5-1.5份、维生素预混料0.1-0.3份、矿物质预混料0.1-1.0份、氯化胆碱0.3-0.7份、维生素C磷酸酯(35%)0.1-0.3份、L-赖氨酸0.1-1.0份、L-蛋氨酸0.05-0.3份。
优选,所述的生鱼配合饲料,按质量份数计,包括鱼粉25份、豆粕30份,花生粕5份、发酵豆粕5份、黑水虻幼虫粉3~5份、高筋面粉23.6~24.6份、大豆卵磷脂1.5份、鱼油3份、磷酸二氢钙1份、维生素预混料0.2份、矿物质预混料0.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、维生素C磷酸酯(35%)0.1份、L-赖氨酸0.5份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50%)0.1份。
所述的维生素预混料,按总质量分数100%计,由下列组份组成:维生素B2 0.8%、烟酸0.35%、泛酸0.3%、维生素B12 0.003%、生物素0.007%、维生素C 5%、维生素E1.6%、叶酸0.1%、维生素A0.25%、维生素D 0.05%、维生素K3 0.4%、肌醇4%和次粉87.14%,按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
所述的矿物质预混料,按总质量分数100%计,由下列组份组成:硫酸钾15.65%、氯化钾8.52%、碘化钾0.093%、氯化钴0.098%、硫酸亚铁12.41%、硫酸铜0.37%、亚硒酸钠1.48%、硫酸锰0.28%、硫酸镁5.38%、氯化钠2.48%、碘酸钙0.12%和沸石粉53.119%,按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
本发明用黑水虻幼虫粉替换乌贼膏在生鱼配合饲料中应用,不但不会对摄食量和适口性造成影响(黑水虻幼虫粉对生鱼具有诱食作用,可提高饲料的适口性和利用率),还能改善生鱼的健康,促进生鱼的生长。并且,黑水虻幼虫粉质量可控,不易变质,成本比乌贼膏低廉,因此有望在生鱼配合饲料中广泛应用代替乌贼膏。
具体实施方式:
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
1、饲养与管理:选用均重为83.20g的健康生鱼,设计3个处理(黑水虻幼虫粉添加比例分别为质量分数0、3%、5%,标记为对照组、试验组1和试验组2,各组饲料等氮等能),饲料配方见表1,混合均匀后制作为膨化饲料,每个处理设3个平行,共有9个网箱,
1.5m×1.5m×2.0m,每个网箱放生鱼20尾,每天按体重的4%-5%投喂饲料,每天投喂两次。养殖周期为71d。养殖期间水温18.0-32.2℃、亚硝酸盐<0.005mg/L、氨氮<0.1mg/L。
所述的维生素预混料,按总质量分数100%计,由下列组份组成:维生素B2 0.8%、烟酸0.35%、泛酸0.3%、维生素B12 0.003%、生物素0.007%、维生素C 5%、维生素E1.6%、叶酸0.1%、维生素A 0.25%、维生素D 0.05%、维生素K3 0.4%、肌醇4%和次粉87.14%,按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
所述的矿物质预混料,按总质量分数100%计,由下列组份组成:硫酸钾15.65%、氯化钾8.52%、碘化钾0.093%、氯化钴0.098%、硫酸亚铁12.41%、硫酸铜0.37%、亚硒酸钠1.48%、硫酸锰0.28%、硫酸镁5.38%、氯化钠2.48%、碘酸钙0.12%和沸石粉53.119%,按上述含量将各成分混合均匀即得。
表1饲料配方(按质量分数计)
2、结果:
各组生长性能结果见表2,从表可知,试验组增重率、特定生长率较对照组显著增加(P<0.05),增重率分别提高了23.77%和38.19%、特定生长率提高了16.0%和25.01%,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数分别降低了18.86%和28.13%;摄食量没有差异,且数据非常接近,说明用黑水虻幼虫粉替代乌贼膏后对生鱼的适口性和诱食性等同。试验组1和试验组2间没有差异,但试验组2要优于试验组1的。
表2各组生长性能和摄食量
组别 增重率% 特定增长率 饵料系数 摄食量 成活率
对照组 113.08±6.64a 1.06±0.04a 3.26±0.19b 304.66±0.47 100±0
试验组1 139.96±11.58b 1.23±0.07b 2.65±0.20a 304.20±0.30 100±0
试验组2 156.26±3.79b 1.33±0.02b 2.34±0.06a 304.29±0.09 100±0
各组背肌营养组成结果见表3,从表可知,跟对照组比较,试验组鱼的背肌水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量没有差异,粗脂肪含量增加,试验组2的达到显著水平(P<0.05)。血清生化指标见表4,跟对照组比较,试验组鱼的血清胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05),其他指标甘油三酯、转氨酶、血糖和总蛋白没有差异。
表3背肌营养组成
组别 水分(%) 粗蛋白(%) 粗脂肪(%) 灰分(%)
对照组 76.08±0.52 19.96±0.13 1.00±0.23a 1.14±0.02
试验组1 75.88±0.48 20.06±0.17 1.10±0.11ab 1.13±0.01
试验组2 75.61±0.06 19.81±0.12 1.70±0.12b 1.17±0.02
表4血清生化指标
结论:跟对照组配方比较,试验组是可以改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇含量,促进生长的配合饲料,同时也具备跟乌贼膏组同样的诱食性和适口性。
实施例2:
本发明的生鱼配合饲料,按质量份包括鱼粉20份、豆粕20份,花生粕3份、发酵豆粕3份、黑水虻幼虫粉1份、高筋面粉22份、大豆卵磷脂1份、鱼油2份、磷酸二氢钙0.5份、维生素预混料0.1份、矿物质预混料0.1份、氯化胆碱0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯(35%)0.1份、L-赖氨酸0.1份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50%)0.1份。混合均匀后制作为膨化饲料。
按照实施例1的实验进行实验,结果发现,本发明的生鱼配合饲料可以改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇含量,促进生长的配合饲料,同时也具备跟乌贼膏组同样的诱食性和适口性。
实施例3:
本发明的生鱼配合饲料包括鱼粉35份、豆粕35份,花生粕10份、发酵豆粕10份、黑水虻幼虫粉6份、高筋面粉28份、大豆卵磷脂3份、鱼油4份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、维生素预混料0.3份、矿物质预混料1.0份、氯化胆碱0.7份、维生素C磷酸酯(35%)0.3份、L-赖氨酸1.0份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50%)0.3份。混合均匀后制作为膨化饲料。
按照实施例1的实验进行实验,结果发现,本发明的生鱼配合饲料可以改善生鱼肌肉品质、降低血清胆固醇含量,促进生长的配合饲料,同时也具备跟乌贼膏组同样的诱食性和适口性。

Claims (4)

1.一种生鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,包括黑水虻幼虫粉和其他配料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,所述的黑水虻幼虫粉在生鱼配合饲料中的质量占比为3~5%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的生鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,所述的生鱼配合饲料,按质量份数计,包括鱼粉20-35份、豆粕20-35份,花生粕3-10份、发酵豆粕3-10份、黑水虻幼虫粉1-6份、高筋面粉22-28份、大豆卵磷脂1-3份、鱼油2-4份、磷酸二氢钙0.5-1.5份、维生素预混料0.1-0.3份、矿物质预混料0.1-1.0份、氯化胆碱0.3-0.7份、维生素C磷酸酯(35%)0.1-0.3份、L-赖氨酸0.1-1.0份、L-蛋氨酸0.05-0.3份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,所述的生鱼配合饲料,按质量份数计,包括鱼粉25份、豆粕30份,花生粕5份、发酵豆粕5份、黑水虻幼虫粉3~5份、高筋面粉23.6~24.6份、大豆卵磷脂1.5份、鱼油3份、磷酸二氢钙1份、维生素预混料0.2份、矿物质预混料0.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、维生素C磷酸酯(35%)0.1份、L-赖氨酸0.5份、L-蛋氨酸(包膜50%)0.1份。
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