CN1083667C - 包括控制其中的用户单元的模块的电信系统及操作方法 - Google Patents

包括控制其中的用户单元的模块的电信系统及操作方法 Download PDF

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CN1083667C
CN1083667C CN94192802A CN94192802A CN1083667C CN 1083667 C CN1083667 C CN 1083667C CN 94192802 A CN94192802 A CN 94192802A CN 94192802 A CN94192802 A CN 94192802A CN 1083667 C CN1083667 C CN 1083667C
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怀恩·戴维·迈克尔斯
安托尼·理查德·蒂姆森
亚当·威廉·德尔万
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Abstract

在一个电信系统例如全球移动电话网络中其中每一用户单元都包括一个用户识别模块(SIM卡)，每一个SIM卡都具有许多数据可以通过用无线电进入其中的固定存储位置(22)，一些存储位置(22)不能从用户单元进行改写，但可通过输入与该存储位置相连的简单短码从中存取。另外的固定存储位置(24)仅在用户输入个人识别号码时能够通过无线电读出。锁定控制文件(27，28)分别用于控制对存储位置(22，24)的读写访问。

Description

  包括控制其中的用户单元的模块的电信系统及操作方法
本发明涉及一种电信系统。尤其涉及但不是仅限于一种例如蜂窝移动无线电或电话系统这样的移动通信系统。
这种系统中的最新技术引入了用户标识模块(SIM卡)，这是些可释放地插入移动电话并在存储器中装有用户标识，即他的电话号码的集成电路卡。这些大家都知道的SIM卡还有一个能够存储一定量的字母数字字符的滚动缓存器。缓存器使用短消息服务(SMS)，其中一条发向一个用中一群特定用户的消息可以用现代的无线寻呼方式用无线电进行。一部移动电话只要有空或处于待接通状态，就能收到这些消息。但是，如果收到的消息是条可能会溢出缓存器的消息，数据就根据先进先出的原则被丢失。
在US-A-5 179 373描述的电信系统中，每个电话听筒具有内部存储器，它总是被分为一个不能由听筒的用户存取而只能由网络存取的一部分，和可由用户或客户存取的一部分。网络利用存储器存取来控制听筒的状态而不控制可从用户单元存取的存储器，即没有存储器管理。而存储器中用户不能存取的部分可以单独从网络写入或读取，它总是不能由用户存取并且没有选择性地控制或管理多个存储位置的性能以允许存取该存储器，无论是远程的还是从相关听筒。
US-A-4 839 628是提供一种寻呼接收机的重新配置，以响应不同信令格式提供更好的特性性能。每个寻呼接收机包括一个可读的非易失存储器以用于控制寻呼设备的运行并分成多个区域。保护装置也包括其中用于响应一个解锁信号修改非易失存储器的一个选择区域，该解锁信号在一个实施例中是当存储在寻呼接收机中的预定编码信号与接收的编码信号匹配时产生的、非易失存储器提供可重新编程的地址并空中重新配置在存储器的选定区域并保护数据下载到存储器的选定区域。一旦重新编程寻呼接收机，寻呼接收机则可以响应一个不同信令格式，构成用于解码一个新的信令格式的新的编程指令的数据以目前广播的寻呼码的格式发送。这种空中重新配置涉及存储器中用户不可存取的部分。
US-A-5 127 040公开了将电话号码一览表远程加载到移动单元中的方法和设备。这些号码可以后来由用户重叫或使用。EP-A-O 459 344描述了一种下载和执行在电信系统中远程终端中的软件的方法。WO-A-91/12698公开了一种具有SIM卡的移动电话，该SIM卡已被编程并只授权特定业务的使用。这种编程直接进行而不是远程的。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种更有效的并可远距离再组合的SIM卡。
从一个方面看，本发明在一个电信系统中包括：至少一个主站和多个用户单元，这个或每个主站可向用户单元发射消息，每一部用户单元都具有许许多多的固定存储位置以及一个检测报文消息以及响应消息的检测将消息存储在固定存储位置中选定的装置，其特征在于存储位置可由用户单元存取，并且每个主站适合于以区别于系统中使用的其它消息格式的特殊格式发送编码的消息，所述特殊格式包括一个嵌入指令，并且每个用户单元包括从其它消息格式中区别出这样一种编码消息的装置，用于处理如所述解码数据中的嵌入指令规定的编码消息中的解码数据，用于选择性地保护固定存储位置以使得所述存储位置可选择地由用户单元或主站存取或不能存取的锁定控制装置，和当编码消息的解码数据包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令是选择性的识别要保护的至少一个固定存储位置的属性指令，所述锁定控制装置响应于属性指令可操作地锁定或解锁选定的固定存储位置，从而控制从相关用户单元或主站到所述存储位置的存取。
在本说明以及所附权利要求中，“固定”存储位置是指数据可以向至少一个用户单元发送以预定的第一格式编码的第一消息的装置，其特征在于在所述主站可操作地向至少一个用户单元发送以区别于所述第一格式的第二格式编码的预选择的第二消息的装置，所述第二格式包括具有嵌入指令的数据流，每个用户单元具有用于接收所述发送的第一和第二消息的装置，用于区分所述格式的装置，与所述区分装置相连接用于解码以第二格式传送的所述第二消息的装置，当一个解码第二消息包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令是一个属性指令，可选择地标识要被锁定或解锁的至少一个所述存储位置，以便使所述至少一个存储位置对于至少一个主站或所述用户单元是可存取的或不可存取的，以及用于处理属性指令锁定或解锁所述至少一个存储位置的装置，从而控制从至少一个所述主站或所述用户单元到所述至少一个存储位置的存取。
例如在本发明的一个实施例中，一组全都带有识别用字母数字标识符(tag)的电话号码能够发射到安装在用户单元内的SIM卡，使用户很容易访问常用的服务，例如旅馆、租车处或航空预约。这一性能叫做增值服务目录。
一条消息可以由用户通过输入简单的短码进入用户单元而检索到，每一个存储单元对应于一个特定的码。一条消息可以是一个电话号码，并且在存入之后能够通过外界改写最好，这个或每一个主站可发射一个对存在用户单元里的信息请求。此信息可以包括在一条消息中，也可以是存在固定存储位置里只在用户输入一个个人识别号码(PIN号码)时才能存取的信息。该信息可以包括有关用户的信贷详情，例如是一个信用卡号的状况，这样，就大大便利了在电话上进行信用卡交易。利用本发明的这一性质，信用帐户的持有者就不必口述其帐户详情，而只需输入指示的PIN号码即可。
该主站或每个主站可以发射锁定和或解锁用户单元上一个存可包括存储位置并可包括用于区分特殊格式和其他格式的装置。此卡可包括用于区分消息请求信息以及指令的装置。此卡还可包括用于储存消息的装置以及用于启动信息请求和指令的装置。
从另一方面看，本发明包括一个用于控制包括一个主站的电信系统中用户单元的模块，该用户单元模块可拆卸地连接到用户单元的收发信机上，并包括许许多多固定存储位置以及响应消息的检测将消息储存在固定存储位置中选一的一个装置，其特征在于用于从区别于系统中使用的其它消息格式中区别出以特殊格式编码的消息的装置，该特殊格式包括一个嵌入指令，用于解码已编码的消息的装置，用于处理如在该解码数据中的嵌入指令规定的编码消息中的解码数据的装置，用于选择地保护固定存储位置以使得所述存储位置可选择性地被或不被相关用户单元或主站存取的装置，和当编码消息的解码数据包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令可选择性地识别至少一个要保护的固定存储位置的属性指令，所述锁定控制单元响应于属性指令可操作地锁定或解锁选定的固定存储位置，从而控制从相关用户单元或主站到该存储位置的存取。
该模块可包括能存储文件的目录结构。
本发明尤其适用于其中各个国家或地区的移动蜂窝电话网使用共同的标准通信的全球通信系统。这种全球系统的一个例子就是目前在欧洲运行的GSM-用于移动通信的全球系统。但是，本发明并不限于全球系统，它可被应用到单个国家的蜂窝网或者甚至应用到固定的陆地链接网上。
现在将参照附图用例子叙述本发明的一个实施例，在附图中：
图1示出在一个根据本发明的系统中向一部用户单元发射消息；
图2示出用户单元发射消息和被请求的信息的过程；
图3是一个方框图，示出图1和图2中所示的一种模块的各个单元；
图4示出图3中所示的方块的详细情况；
图5是一个流程图，示出图1至4中所示的模块工作。
图1说明根据本发明的一条SMS分配路径。在以前的技术中，短消息通常直接发向单个的用户或是诸如销售小组这样的一群特定用户。
但是，GSM也支持使消息能够送达一个特定区域里的所有用户的叫作蜂窝广播的性能。在本发明所说明的实施例中，一条消息由一个广告商的电话号码和识别该广告商的字母数字标识符组成。
一个话务员将消息输入终端1。该消息随即被编码成为在这里称作嵌入式命令流(ECS)的安全格式，并经由调制解调器2和固定线路3送到本地GSM转接器4。根据其投送地址，消息通过网络或者甚至穿过网络送到任一个或所有其他转接器。
转接器4(它在本例中位于消息要发送到的地理区域里)将该消息送到若干个地点5。地点5就是GSM网络的基站收发信机。
每个地点5随即向一群收发信机或移动电话(下文统称为移动电话)广播该消息。如果使用网孔广播，则此群体由广播时在该地理区域内所有的移动电话组成。
接收该消息的所选移动电话6向其相应的地点5发回一个接收确认。从此时起，直到进入一个新的状态之前，系统将不再与这部移动电话6联系。
移动电话6确认此消息为SMS数据并将它送入SIM卡7，该卡是装在移动电话6的一个插槽里的独立的小型微处理器。然后，SIM卡7使用专门硬件和软件确认这个ECS，并将此消息用不会被用户改写的方式储存在存储器里。大家知道的SIM卡拥有大量的固定存储位置，用户能够在其中储存经常拨打的号码和相应的字母数字标识符。本发明的SIM卡7将此消息存放在这些存储位置之一中，并随即完成一次写保护操作。专用于存放写保护的消息的存储位置可以用与广告商的一个特定类型相关的代码数字表示。这样一来，例如说，租车公司的电话号码能够存放在存储位置01里，预约旅馆放在存储位置02里面，等等。
图2示出用户与广告商通信的呼出过程，如8所示，记住存储位置01里面的租车公司号码的用户按下对应于该存储位置的短码(例如01#)按键。然后，移动电话6查询SIM卡7，从存储位置检索出电话号码，SIM卡7提供给定公司的名称的号码和字母数字标识符，并把它显示给用户。用户通过按SEND键确认他希望的进程。
接下来，移动电话得到一个语音信道，通过该信道呼叫被接续到所拨号码。GSM系统自动控制网内和网间跳动。此时，用户能够同公司进行一次语音会话。
只要公司里安装有恰当的设备，呼叫应答时，从SIM卡7读取的用户标识信息就立刻将诸如姓名和地址等用户的详细情况交给公司。
SIM卡7还包含有详述用户的使用帐户的信息。这一信息保存在一个单独的安全存储位置里，仅在用户输入只有他自己知道的特定PIN号码，并确认移动电话没有被偷窃或遗失时才可存取。当用户已确认他的租车交易时，他就将PIN号码输入到移动电话6，从SIN卡7请出信贷信息。SIM卡7提供该信息，并且移动电话使用现有语音/数据技术以一种安全的防诈骗者(frandsters)检测的格式发射到公司。该交易被该公司或其设备进一步确认后，通话便告结束。
在这个例子中，也有可能从话务员辅助查号系统获得一个电话或传真号码，不必由用户手动将号码输入到他想要使用的通信终端里。
利用这一性能，用户呼叫网络号码查号台并给出希望确定电话号码的个人、公司或服务的名称以及应答这一呼叫的话务员所要的任何其他信息。然后，话务员找出该号码确认，并询问是将此号码进行语音发射、还是通过SMS转移到用户SIM卡的一个给定存储位置，还是两者同时采用。
如果用户选择SIM更新，则语音呼叫被终止，并且话务员通过向计算机输进一个序列或按下专用键启动SMS程序，然后，电话号码在分发中心被编成一个ECS消息并透过网络投送到用户通信终端，用户通信终端向分发中心发射一个确认。于是，再试机构工作直到收到确认为止。
通信终端将这一消息识别为SMS数据，将它送入SIM卡，并且，如有可能的话，显示出一个“收到消息”的标志，然后SIM卡使用专用硬件和软件识别ECS，并对它相应解码。电话号码以及任何相关的字母数字标识符(通常是个人或公司的名字)与想要存放的存储位置一起被恢复。然后，号码与名称标识符写入到那个存储位置，并且如果用户请求可进行写保护，写保护在信号源被编码到该消息中。
其后，用户通过键入存储位置的号码向已知存储位置里的号码发出呼叫。SIM卡按要求将电话或传真号送达通信终端，并且，接到用户的确认后，通信终端就建立起至所需号码的呼叫。
图3示出SIM卡7的电子结构。该卡经由一个输入/输出(I/O)管理器15连接到移动电话进行通信，它与移动电话通信最好使用协议ISO7816T＝0。一个滤波器16接收来自I/O管理器的输入数据，并从所收到的短消息中检测出任何的ECS消息。ECS消息被直接送往一个扩展的可擦只读存储器(E2ROM)17，最好是“闪速”(E2ROM)。一旦消息被存储在E2ROM，它被解码，并且相关的指令数据被提取，如后面参照图5的流程图所述。数据也能直接从E2ROM输出到I/O管理器15。图3所示的其余方框都是SIM卡的标准部件。
图4示出E2ROM是如何组成的。根目录18包含一个SIM管理与识别器，一个GSM目录和网络数据20，以及一个远程通信目录21。
远程通信目录又包括如下各存储位置：“缩位拨号号码”22、“容量配置”23、“短消息”24、“固定拨号号码”25，以及“计费计算器”26。每个方框都代表多个存储器位置。经常拨的号码及相应的字母数字标识符被存放在存储位置22中。
“缩位拨号号码”位置22和“短消息”位置24各自有一个相应的锁定控制文件27、28，锁定控制文件包括用于读/写保护器以及从其相应的存储位置中除取读/写保护的程序。锁定控制文件27，28一般都将如图所示的那样放在远程通信目录21中，但也能位于其他地方，例如在管理目录里面。
图5是一个流程图，说明使用上述专用硬件和软件执行所述操作的SIM卡的工作过程。在判断块9中，具有ECS的消息、请求以及指令与没有ECS的那些分开。这些ECS的每一种都由一个以命令开头的数据流组成，命令至少有4种型式，即：消息命令，请求信息的读命令，锁定或去锁指令的属性命令以及运行一个程序的指令的运行命令。
如果消息中被发现没有ECS，则假设是一个标准的SMS消息，并按本领域公知的方式处理。典型的，在框100中，标准的SMS消息被显示给用户，然后，在框101，用户被给出将它存储在SIM的选项。然而，如果消息中被发现含有一个ECS，则在框100中将其中含有的指令和数据类型解码和确认，以确保数据是正确的而无无效编码。如果有效测试失败，则在框102放弃该消息，并且处理过程结束。然而，如果是成功的，通过对于每一个上述指令的判决框110，120，130和140分析该解码消息，和执行四条路径11-14中的一条。
因此，路径11处理每个写指令并在框111开始，它从数据将被写入的第一存储位置的解码的数据细目中得到消息包括的数据的字节数目和数据的实际字节数目。从第一存储位置开始，在框112和113连续的字节被写入到连续的存储位置，直到所需要的字节数目已被写入，它由判决框114决定。
路径12处理每个读指令并从框121开始，它从数据要被读出的第一存储位置的解码的数据细目中得到要被读出的数据的字节数目。在框122和123，从第一存储位置开始，从连续的存储位置读出字节并且数据被存入到缓冲器。这个处理一直重复到所需数目的字节已被读出，它由判决框124确定。然后，在框125，缓冲的数据被编码为ECS格式，并且在框126，利用SMS从移动终端调度到主叫方。
在路径13，一旦分析确定存在一个属性指令，框131可从解码的数据中得到位置和所需的位置的状态。在判决框132，如果所希望的状态是“写保护”，则处理继续到框133，在那里特定的位置被写保护，否则，在框134，使能写入。这样，特定的位置对于主叫方或用户可以是可存取的或不可存取的。
经过路径14执行指令。该指令被用于执行一个存储的程序，并且在框141，可执行程序的位置和相关的校验句柄从解码数据中得到。在框142，校验句柄被用作校验和的形式，使得在得到位置的存储的程序可以被确认。在判决框143，如果发现程序无效则处理过程结束，否则在框144执行程序，如果在框145发现程序包括指令修改信息，在框146确保存储在SIM卡的指令范围被修改以包括新指令。
基本的ECS系统可扩充到255个内部壳(internal shell)命令，写入、读出、锁定/解锁以及运行命令是其中的4个例子。用于转移信息的特定协议并不是固定不变的，它可以是ISO 7816 T＝0，或者是任何其他适用的协议。
内部壳命令辅助该系统在SIM卡7中产生外部结果文件(fileobject)。该结果文件有两种类型，即：包含可由SIM卡处理器执行并且必要时能自行修改的功能数据的应用数据文件程序(ADFP)，和包含不具备这些能力的非功能数据的应用数据文件(ADF)。现有的ADF(P)都能通过无线电修改，提供诸如标出姓名、重新标出姓名或者可卸载到电话簿等功能。
SIM卡7有一个类似于计算机磁盘的目录结构，并且新的ADF(P)可以通过无线电卸载到任何目录中。而且，目录也可通过无线电产生、删除和修改，可以执行多个树状目录操作，并且可以删去不再需要的ADF(P)。可以卸载的ADF(P)数据总量仅受卡的E2ROM容量的限制。
如上所述，本发明大大扩展了SIM卡的应用。例如，使用增值服务目录，用户能够方便快捷地预订旅馆或飞机的座位。
本发明这个性能的另一个优点是向一个特定地理区域(例如法国南部)的卡分发消息很容易。这就是说，广告商能够将他的消息送到特定区域里的所有移动电话用户。当用户从一个地区“漫游”到另一个地区而又不了解当地的服务时，这一点特别有用。
目录查询卸载能连接送到用户通信终端的电话或传真号码，而不受该用户的任何干扰。在一个呼叫中，手动输入号码接到话务员的操作常常是危险的，特别是当用户正在驾车的时候会有危险。
本系统卸载ADF(P)的能力意味着在保持与现有蜂窝系统总体兼容的同时，可以通过无线电在SIM卡附加的服务项目。这就是说，SIM卡能够获得信用卡、护照、驾驶执照、停车证、会员卡等等的功能，变成一个多用途卡。此外，还能增加动态更新服务，其要求每使用一次服务就要运行一个不同的程序。
一旦卡上面具有额外的服务，必要时它就可以作为一个独立的部分在移动电话环境之外使用。这可以通过例如一个销售点终端机这样的专用硬件读出或写入，必要时，可以删除新的服务。但是，此卡永远不会丧失其移动电话的SIM能力。此外，如果此卡具有额外的服务，则除非有其他要求，即使用户已经脱开移动电话网，服务将继续起作用。
在不脱离本发明的范围内各种修改都是可能的。
例如，SIM卡可以被训练成只接收详述有关用户需要的服务的消息。

Claims (21)

1.一种电信系统，包括至少一个主站(1)和多个用户单元(6，7)，主站可向至少一个用户单元发射消息，并且每个用户单元都有许多固定存储位置(17)以及响应消息的检测并把消息存储在选定的一个固定存储位置中的装置，其特征在于该固定存储位置(17)可由用户单元存取，并且每个主站能够发送以区别于系统中使用的其它格式的特殊格式编码的消息，所述特殊格式包括一个嵌入指令，特征还在于每个用户单元(6)具有从其它消息格式中区别出这种编码消息的装置(16，9)，用于处理如所述解码数据中包括的嵌入指令规定的编码消息的解码数据的装置(11-14)，用于有选择性地保护固定存储位置以使得所述存储位置有选择地可以或不可以被相关的用户单元或主站存取的锁定控制装置(13)，当编码消息的解码数据包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令是一个有选择性地识别要保护的至少一个固定存储位置的属性指令，所述锁定控制装置响应于属性指令可操作地锁定或解锁所选择的固定存储位置，从而控制从相关用户单元或主站(5)向存储位置的存取。
2.如权利要求1中的系统，其中至少一个用户单元(6)包括一个收发信机和一个集成电路卡或其他具有固定存储位置(17)的模块(7)，识别装置(16，9)，解码装置(10)，处理装置和锁定控制装置(13)，所述模块可移动地连接到收发信机。
3.如权利要求1或2中的系统，其中用户单元包括使所述存储位置可选择性地存取以从数据存储其中的选择的存储位置提取指令的存取装置。
4.如在权利要求3的系统，其中每一个存储位置与一个简单的短码相应，并且用户单元包括响应输入到单元的这个短码在存取装置的激励下从选择的存储位置提取数据的装置。
5.如在权利要求3或4中的系统，其中激励存取一个选择的存储位置的存储位置从选择的存储位置取数据并传送它到用户单元的显示装置以显示它。
6.如权利要求3，4或5中的系统，其中用户单元包括用于编码和传送从选择的存储位置取出并作为以所述特殊格式编码的输出消息的数据的装置。
7.如上述任一权利要求所述的系统，其中用户单元包括当编码消息的解码数据包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令是对存储在用户单元的固定存储位置的信息的请求，和响应上述请求提取和发送数据作为以该特殊格式编码的输出消息的装置。
8.如权利要求7中的系统，其中当编码消息的解码数据包括一个请求信息的嵌入指令时用于检测的装置响应于由从所述用户单元呼叫的对方发送的这样一个编码消息，所述编码消息是响应于用户单元和被叫方之间的话音通信信道的建立从所被叫方发送的。
9.如权利要求7或8中的系统，其中用户单元包括一个装置，它响应于在所述用户单元输入的个人识别号码，用于使所述装置提取、编码和发送所述输出消息。
10.如上述任一权利要求的系统，其中每个主站可操作地以字母数字格式发送消息到用户单元，以提供一个短消息业务，并且其中以其发送编码消息的特殊格式是所述短消息业务格式的编码形式。
11.如上述任一权利要求的系统，它是一个移动通信的全球系统。
12.用于在包括至少一个主站(1)的电信系统中控制用户单元(6)的一种模块(7)，可拆卸地连接到用户单元的收发信机(6)上，包括许多的固定存储位置(17)，以及响应消息的检测并把此消息存储到一个选定的固定存储位置的装置，其特征在于用于区别以区别于系统中使用的其它消息的特殊格式编码的消息的装置(16，9)，所述特殊格式包括一个嵌入指令，用于解码编码的消息的装置(10)，用于处理如在所述解码数据中的嵌入指令所规定的编码消息的解码数据的装置，用于选择性地保护固定存储位置的锁定控制装置以使得所述存储位置可选择地被相关用户单元或主站存取或不被存取，当编码消息的解码数据包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令是可选择地识别至少一个要保护的固定存储位置的属性指令，所述锁定控制装置可操作地响应于属性指令以锁定或解锁选择的固定存储位置，从而控制从相关用户单元或主站到所述存储位置的存取。
13.如权利要求12的模块，当编码的消息包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测和将编码消息的解码数据存储在一个选择的固定存储位置(17)的装置，该嵌入指令是一个写命令；所述锁定控制装置(13)响应于属性指令可选择性地操作写入以防止所述固定存储位置由相关用户单元重写。
14.如权利要求12或13的模块，当解码消息包括一个嵌入指令时用于检测的装置，该嵌入指令是对存储在存储位置由编码消息标识的信息的请求，和用于提取和编码所述消息作为以所述特殊格式编码的输出消息的信息的装置。
15.如权利要求12至14中任一项所述的模块，其中特殊格式被编码作为预定短消息业务格式的一个嵌入指令流形式。
16.如权利要求14或15的模块，包括响应于输入到用户单元的个人识别号码启动该信息的传输的装置。
17.如权利要求12至16中任一项的模块，其中每个存储位置与一个简单的短码相关，并包括响应于相关代码的输入从相关存储位置搜索数据的装置。
18.如权利要求12至17中任一项的模块，其中模块采取集成电路卡的形式。
19.如权利要求12至18中任一项的模块，其中该模块是一个用户标识模块。
20.一种用于电信系统的用户单元，所述用户单元适用于显示发送到上述用户单元的消息，并包括如权利要求19的用户标识模块。
21.如权利要求20的用户单元，其中用户单元是一个移动电话。
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US20090163233A1 (en) 2009-06-25
CA2165201A1 (en) 1994-12-22
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US20090176519A1 (en) 2009-07-09
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DE69414273T2 (de) 1999-06-24
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EP1298946A2 (en) 2003-04-02
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US20090176485A1 (en) 2009-07-09
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CN100440985C (zh) 2008-12-03
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FI956022A (fi) 1996-02-14
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EP0704140A1 (en) 1996-04-03
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PT704140E (pt) 2007-06-05

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