CN1083323C - 可热恢复的制品的制造方法 - Google Patents

可热恢复的制品的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1083323C
CN1083323C CN96195664A CN96195664A CN1083323C CN 1083323 C CN1083323 C CN 1083323C CN 96195664 A CN96195664 A CN 96195664A CN 96195664 A CN96195664 A CN 96195664A CN 1083323 C CN1083323 C CN 1083323C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
goods
plate
heat
crosslinked
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN96195664A
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English (en)
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CN1191506A (zh
Inventor
J·M·柯尔迪尔
R·瑟伊德尔
R·赖特尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commscope Connectivity Belgium BVBA
Original Assignee
Raychem NV SA
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9510953.4A external-priority patent/GB9510953D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9524549.4A external-priority patent/GB9524549D0/en
Application filed by Raychem NV SA filed Critical Raychem NV SA
Publication of CN1191506A publication Critical patent/CN1191506A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1083323C publication Critical patent/CN1083323C/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/16—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like
    • F16L59/18—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like adapted for joints
    • F16L59/20—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like adapted for joints for non-disconnectable joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • B29C61/0625—Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/68—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53241—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/20—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics
    • F16L47/22—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics using shrink-down material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/562—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally spirally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4855—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by their physical properties, e.g. being electrically-conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
    • B29L2023/225—Insulated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Abstract

一种可热恢复尺寸的管状制品(1)通过螺旋缠绕交联的聚合板(3)数圈，并使交联板(3)的重叠层(5)直接熔合到一起以形成固结的管状制品来制造。最终的制品有至少2.2mm的壁厚。按照本发明的制品可以制成不同的直径和不同的壁厚，使用相同厚度的初始板材作原料，简单地通过改变缠绕的间隙或螺旋卷数而制成。按照本发明的制品特别用作分区供暖管之间的接头上的套管。

Description

可热恢复的制品的制造方法
本发明涉及一种管状的可热恢复尺寸的聚合制品，所述的制品包括螺旋缠绕的聚合板，还涉及制造该制品的方法和使用该制品桥接两个伸长的基质的方法。
一种可热恢复尺寸的制品是一种当受到热处理其尺寸构形可明显改变的制品。通常这些制品向原始形状恢复，它们已由所述原始形状变形，这里所用的术语“可恢复的”还包括一种采取一种新的构形的制品，即使它以前未变形也是如此。按照它们的最普通的形式，可热恢复的制品包括一种由聚合材料制成的可收缩的套管。
一般来说，制造可热恢复的制品的方法包括使聚合物在该制造工艺的某阶段交联，以增强所希望的尺寸可恢复性。一种制造可热恢复的制品的具体的方法包括使制品成形为所希望的热稳定形状，随后使聚合材料交联，将制品加热到聚合物的晶体熔点以上的温度，或者对于无定形材料来说加热到聚合物的软化点以上的温度，使制品变形并在变形状态下冷却该制品，使制品保持变形后的状态。使用时由于制品的变形状态是热不稳定的，施加热会使制品呈现其原始的热稳定的形状。通过辐照或化学手段可以方便地进行交联。
EP-A-0158519(B100)描述了一种用于覆盖伸长的基质的可热恢复的制品，该制品包括一种可热恢复的、交联的聚合板，该板有一个布置成与该板热接触的耐热元件，该耐热元件与电源相连以加热并恢复该制品。为了安装该制品，包含加热元件的板在加热之前围绕基质螺旋缠绕一或多圈。该板通常用粘合剂加固，并且在加热和恢复后，板的相邻层相互结合。
壁较薄的管状产品(壁厚0.4-2mm)多年来一直可在市场上买到，这样的产品显然包括螺旋缠绕的、交联的聚乙烯层，其重叠层通过共聚物粘合层相互预先结合，所述共聚物粘合层可能是一种乙烯基乙酸亚乙酯粘合层。这些薄壁套管典型的直径范围为约50-1000mm，并且典型地用于覆盖管等。
JP-A-54163974(Hitachi)描述了通过围绕芯轴缠绕两种或多种可水交联的聚合物带、用热使这些层一体化和随后在水中或湿气中使聚合物交联来制造可热收缩的复合管的方法。通过引入加压流体使其膨胀并在膨胀后的形状下冷却而制成可热收缩的管。
JP-A-61249738(Futukawa)描述了通过在硅烷醇综合催化剂存在下将硅烷接枝聚烯烃板缠在芯轴上以获得具有所需厚度的层制品来制造可热收缩的聚烯烃盖覆材料的方法。然后将缠绕的板加热以使重叠层连成整体并交联。然后使交联的管膨胀并在膨胀后的形状下冷却。
本发明的第一方面提供一种可热恢复的、管状制品，该制品包括一种螺旋缠绕的、交联的聚合板，交联板的重叠层直接相互熔合在一起形成一种固结的管状制品，所述固结的管有至少2.2mm的厚度。
与上述EP-A-0158519相反，在本发明中螺旋缠绕的板层的重叠层在恢复该板之前直接相互熔合。该直接熔合步骤典型地是在将产品供给最终用户之前在工厂里进行的。从而最终用户可得到用于装配的固结的多层可恢复的管状制品，其中所述层相互预先结合。
与上面参考的可购得的薄壁套管相反，按照本发明的制品有厚得多的壁，并且在板的重叠层之间并未用单独的粘合层。另外，本发明的壁较厚的制品强度大得多，所述制品可被用于在基质如管之间形成结合处。
与按照JP-A-54163974和JP-A-61249739制造的管相反，本发明的制品是由在其螺旋缠绕之前交联和固结的聚合板制成的。在所述日本文献中，在缠绕之后进行交联。
按照本发明的可热恢复的制品有最小2.2mm的壁厚。优选的是壁厚在制品的全长和/或全部周边上是基本上均匀的。2.2mm的最小壁厚只是针对熔合的、缠绕的层或者可被用作衬的其它材料而言的，而与任何单独的密封材料无关。
本发明的制品的螺旋缠绕的或烟卷形结构允许由具有一种或几种不同的较薄厚度的板材制成较厚壁的产品(如2.2mm或以上，通常3mm或以上，5mm或以上或甚至8mm、10mm、15mm或以上)通过使用增加数目的成螺旋卷状的层或者通过增加构成板的厚度，或者两者结合可以得到不同的制品厚度。另外，螺旋卷结构允许由单一厚度的板材制得许多种具有不同直径的管状制品。例如，按照本发明的制品可以容易且方便地制造，所述制品直径为约90-1400mm，或甚至高达约2500mm。从而本发明允许制造具有大范围厚度和直径的管状产品，而无需为各种直径和壁厚的产品投资管状挤压、膨胀和/或模制设备。
螺旋缠绕的聚合板的重叠层直接相互熔合。这里所用的术语“直接相互熔合”是指在板的相邻重叠层之间出现足够的分子相互作用，所述相互作用是键形式的，它将提供等于或大于板自身的机械性能。这种直接熔合可以通过如J.N.Anand在Adhesion 1，1969，第16-23页和Adhesion 2，1970年，第16-22页中所述的粘弹性接触或者通过分子经过聚合物与聚合物界面的扩散来完成。为了测试是否螺旋缠绕的制品的重叠层直接相互熔合，可以进行层间的剥离强度测定。
重叠层相互直接熔合的事实并不排除在相邻层之间存在在其它材料，只要在这些材料周围可以形成熔合键即可。例如，在相邻层之间包含增强材料如玻璃纤维、碳纤维、超高模数的聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、陶瓷纤维等可能是有用的，所述纤维是非织造的或纺织的或其它织物形式的。这样的增强纤维可以增加轴向和环向的强度，并且还可以增加冲击强度。在某些或所有重叠层间包含加热元件也可能是有用的。这些元件可能是电阻丝加热器、金属网件(诱导活化)等形式的。例如，在一种四层结构中，在第二和第三层之间可包含这样的加热器。加热器的目的典型的是在安装时提供进行制品的恢复所需的热。在重叠层之间存在加热器会加速向所述层的传热。还可以使用加热器提供热或某些热以进行重叠层的固结。
缠绕板聚合材料在其螺旋缠绕之前交联。交联对于各种最终用途的优点在后面讨论。对于许多应用领域来说，缠绕板的聚合材料优选基本上100％交联。100％交联是指在相邻长链碳分子之间存在足够的交联使得基本上整个聚合板存在单一的一个分子。然而，虽然可能希望100％交联，但总的交联密度优选不高，以防止制品的缠绕板的重叠层之间直接熔合。
对于某些应用领域来说，优选的是所述板在板的整个厚度是不均匀交联的。例如所述板可以在板的一个表面上比板的另一个表面交联程度更大，交联的量优选经过板的厚度逐渐降低。在这种情况下，交联程度大的表面可以位于缠绕结构外侧或内侧。优选的是交联程度大的表面位于缠绕结构的外侧。我们说板可以是在一个表面比其另一表面交联程度更大的，这包括在所述另一表面上基本上未交联的可能性。本领域技术人员公知的各种技术可被用于生产非均匀交联的板。例如为了制造在一个主表面比其另一主表面交联程度大的板，可以使用只导向板的一个表面的低强度辐照源。
上面所述的板的一个表面比另一表面交联程度大的结构可以有利地增强相邻层之间的熔融结合。这可促进按照本发明的制品的生产。
增强相邻层之间的熔融结合的另一种方法是对于螺旋缠绕的板选择特定的材料。从而，本发明的优选实施例使用一种缠绕的板，所述板由适当的和相容的共聚物和一种主要聚合物的混合物构成。可与一种主要聚合物如聚乙烯(或另一种烯烃)混合的适合的共聚物包括乙烯乙酸乙烯酸、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯和乙烯丙烯酸甲酯等。用于聚合板的一种特别优选的材料包括80-90％高密聚乙烯和10-20％乙烯丙烯酸丁酯，优选约85％高密聚乙烯和15％乙烯丙烯酸丁酯。
按照本发明特别优选的制品使用(i)在聚合板中添加的共聚物，和(ii)在板的厚度上的有差异的交联以增强熔融结合，但只使用(i)或只使用(ii)的制品也预计作为按照本发明的优选制品。
可以用任何适当的方法制造按照本发明的制品。适合的方法典型地使用热来引导直接熔合。热可以通过炉或任何其它加热手段来施加。本发明的第二和第三方面提供两种特别的方法，所述方法可被用于制造按照本发明的制品。
这样，本发明的第二方面提供一种制造一种可热恢复的制品的方法，该方法包括：
(i)螺旋缠绕一种可热恢复的、交联的聚合板以形成一种管状结构，它包括螺旋缠绕板的两个或多个重叠层；
(ii)相对支撑芯设置缠绕的板使得缠绕的板环绕支撑芯；和
(iii)将板加热到足以使板的相邻重叠层之间直接熔合的温度。
步骤(i)和(ii)可以基本上同时进行，如板可以直接螺旋缠绕在支撑芯上。而步骤(ii)可以在步骤(i)之后进行。例如，预先缠绕的板可以在芯上滑动。
按常规加热步骤(iii)是在板已经置于芯上之后进行的，例如在一炉中进行。可替代的是或者附加的方案是，在板正在螺旋盘绕(条件是它已经在芯上，从而不能完全恢复)时可以施加热，或者在缠绕之前预热芯。在缠绕过程中施加热或者预热芯意味着热被更直接地施加于内层，从而将它们缠绕起来。当使用在后加热时热量必须通过传热到达内层，这一般会较慢。在缠绕过程中加热或预热芯通常使用红外加热器进行。
在步骤(iii)中制品被加热到足以使板的相邻重叠层之间熔合的温度。该温度优选在聚合物的晶体熔点Tm之上，或对于无定形聚合物来说在聚合物的玻璃化温度Tg之上，优选在10℃和60℃以上之间。优选温度不能高得使聚合板材降解。优选在Tm或Tg之上最多100℃是合适的。
在优选的实施例中，聚合板包括交联的高密聚乙烯(按以前所定义的100％交联或按前面所述的在板的厚度上部分交联)，任选与前面所述的相容的聚合物混合。一种由该组合物制造的制品(它有约125℃的熔点)优选被加热到至少160℃，优选至少180℃的温度。该温度对于其它聚合物组合物也可是合适的。
对于可热恢复的聚合材料来说，为引起直接熔合所需的温度是聚合材料恢复温度之上的温度。从而上面方法中步骤(iii)会引起制品的某种程度的恢复。按照本发明的第二方面优选的是，板为可热收缩的，优选选择适当的芯尺寸以防止制品的完全恢复。
就按照本发明的制品而言可得到的恢复量取决于它们的预计用途。在2％和500％之间的很宽范围的恢复率可对许多应用是有用的。对于连接双重密封管或绝热管来说，优选约5-50％的恢复比。在按照本发明的第二方面的制造方法中，芯优选如此的尺寸使得在其上形成的管状制品仍有所希望得到的恢复比，该比取决于应用领域。正如所提到的，它可以是2％-500％的任何值。恢复百分比是作为以原始尺寸的百分数表达的自由恢复的尺寸变化。恢复比是基于新尺寸的原始尺寸的比。例如40％的恢复百分数对应于1.67比1的恢复比。
如上所述，可热恢复的板材优选是可径向热收缩的。从而当施加热以使层间熔合时，它还使各层被推向其相邻的下层，并向其下层施加径向压力。这起到增强直接熔合的作用。
除了在施加热以固结制品过程中通过恢复这些层所引起的内在压力外，按照本发明的第二方面的方法另外包括施加外部的径向压力。这仍可以进一步增强重叠层之间的直接熔合，和/或排除捕集的空气。该外部压力径向向内施加到缠绕在芯上的板上。优选的是它以与加热步骤同时和/或在其后立即施加。可以方便地使用0.02kg/km2-约0.10kg/km2的压力，所述压力是以管壁的法向表示的。施加压力的方便的方式是围绕芯上的缠绕套管缠绕和夹紧一个拉紧的弹性体带，例如可以使用一种拉伸的硅氧烷带。拉紧的带优选覆盖缠绕板的全部外表面。
优选的是同时将热和压力施加到芯上的重叠板上，并持续足够的时间以增强缠绕板的重叠层之间的直接熔合。可以使用至少15分钟，优选至少30分钟，更优选至少45分钟或者甚至至少一个小时的时间。
按照本发明的第二方面的方法是其的优选方式，包括持续长时间施加热和压力以引起重叠层之间的直接熔合。结果得到层压的或固结的结构。上面给出了优选的温度、压力和时间。然而，对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是可以有所变化，同时达到所希望的结合。例如如果在这些温度和压力下保持的时间增加时可以使用较低的温度和压力。
本发明的第三方面提供制造按照本发明制品的第二种方法。该方法包括：
(i)螺旋缠绕一种热稳定的、交联的聚合板以形成管状结构，该结构包括螺旋缠绕板的两个或多个重叠层；
(ii)将缠绕的板加热到足以使板的相邻重叠层之间熔合的温度；和
(iii)使熔合层径向向外膨胀，靠此将制品变为可热恢复的。
与第一种方法相反，第二种方法最初缠绕热稳定的而不是可热恢复的板。从而在加热步骤过程中，为了引起层压和固结，无需支撑芯来防止恢复。然而可以使用芯。该方法还包括在固结过程后膨胀的附加步骤以使制品变为可热恢复的。该膨胀优选在聚合物板的晶体熔点温度之上的温度(或者对于无定形材料在软化点之上的温度)进行，然后制品在其变形后状态下冷却。从而膨胀步骤优选紧接在熔合完成之后进行，以便不需单独的加热步骤。
正如在按照本发明制造颗粒的第一方法中，优选施加压力以增强板层之间的熔合，压力为上述给定值，并如上所述，热和压力施加足够的时间。
在按照本发明的两种方法中，板被交联，优选100％交联，或者对于某些领域以与按照本发明的制品有关的描述的方式非均匀交联。板的交联性质允许缠绕板被加热，按照本发明的第三方面的优选的方法，允许缠绕板被加热到高于其熔点的温度以成为膨胀或变成可热恢复的。
可热恢复的制品有许多公知的用途，包括管、电缆或导线的覆盖、连接和/或封端。按照本发明的制品可以被用于这些应用领域中的任何领域中。本发明的制品的两个特定的应用领域是(a)作为绝热管的夹套延续部分的接头，和(b)连接管，包括连接预先组装的双重密封管。
当在两段绝热管(如钢管)之间制造一个接头时，正如在分区供暖系统中所用的，通常从各段管的端部区域去掉绝缘材料以在管连接时不燃烧绝缘材料，所述连接通常是通过焊接进行的。在焊接完成后，管在连接区的无绝缘材料部分必须被重新绝缘以使热损失最小。重要的是连接区的绝缘材料起密封作用以防水分进入，水分进入会引起绝缘材料的降解，并且还腐蚀管。
对于在分区供暖系统中的绝缘管之间的连接处的绝缘材料的密封有严重的实际的限制性问题。作为频繁的和宽的温度循环的结果，管可以经受膨胀和压缩循环和纵向及横向移动。例如，已测定高达10Nmm-2的力可被施加到绝缘管的外保护套管上，这是作为一个管在冬天在其埋置之前所经历的温度循环的结果。这种密封必须能够经受住这些循环和移动而不裂开。另外，优选的是该密封能经受住在管的绝缘部分周围的凹处通过现场发泡重新绝缘时施加的压力。
常用的将绝热管路的连接处重新绝缘和密封的系统涉及使用一个桥接切掉的绝缘材料的单独的套管于管路接头的任一侧，并以某种方式密封切掉的绝缘材料处。现有的系统可被分类为柔性的、半柔性的或刚性的系统。柔性的系统典型地使用一个套管和单独的柔性密封件通常使用一种胶粘剂。柔性密封件典型地桥接各管周围的绝缘材料和套管，密封是柔性的或弹性的以适应作用于接头处的土壤应力。例如GB-A-2108625(Raychem)描述了这样一种系统，它使用涂有粘合剂和胶粘剂条的薄壁端封件，结合一种不可收缩的套管。半柔性系统典型地是桥接各管周围的绝缘材料和套管的端封件。端封件刚性地固定在两端并有中部涂有胶粘剂的中心区。这些端封件会允许管段之间的某些有限的移动和应力消除，同时传递剩余的力。相反，刚性系统设计成足够强以承受安装过程中以及使用期间遇到的力而无柔性或弹性，以便施加到一个管路段的拉力或压缩力经套管被传到管路段附近。DK154730(Logstor)描述了一种基本上是刚性的系统，而且EP-A-0245067(Raychem)描述了一种可以是半柔性的或刚性的系统，这取决于所用的套管的壁厚，和管及桥接套管的直径和壁厚。
现有技术所用的套管包括可热收缩的和热稳定的套管，以及交联的和非交联的套管。例如DK154730(Logstor)描述了一种非交联的聚乙烯可热收缩的套管，它只由分子定向变成可热收缩。套管的端部衬有能够粘合聚乙烯的热融粘合剂。类似的是，GB2184804(Tjaerekompagniet Danske Gasvaerrers Tjaere Kompagni)描述了一种可被交联的套管，并且它只在端部膨胀以使那些端部变成可热恢复的。套管端部的内表面可设有焊接或粘合层。
EP-A-0188363(Shaw)描述了一种交联的可热收缩的管状套管，其内表面涂有一种粘合剂或密封剂，但优选是一种粘合剂，该粘合剂有不小于3psi的剪切强度。这使接头能抵抗剪应力，即提供一种刚性密封系统，其中施加到削减的管覆盖物的拉力和压缩力经套管传到附近的削减的管覆盖物。
可热收缩的系统的优点是它们可以制成超过削减管端部的尺寸，使得它们可以容易地在那些管端部上滑动。
按照本发明的可热回收的制品可以用作绝缘热管之间的接头的套管。它们可以与关于上面现有技术所述相似的方式被使用。
从而，本发明的第四方面提供一种使绝缘管之间的接头绝缘的方法，管的离接头不远的端部绝缘，使管的一部分无绝缘材料，该方法包括：
(a)将按照本发明的管状制品设置在管的裸露部分周围；和
(b)加热该制品以使它恢复成与各管的绝缘材料接触。
相似地，按照本发明的制品可被用于管的连接件，并且特别用于连接双重密封管，在此处需要特别强的连接。
按照本发明的制品可以在它们的部分或全部内表面衬有各种粘合剂或胶粘剂或其混合物。例如，在按照本发明的第四方面的使用方法中，可以包括一种胶粘剂以在制品(用作套管)和绝热管之间形成柔性连接，或者可以使用一种可热活化的如热融的粘合剂在制品(用作套管)和绝热管之间形成刚性连接。粘合剂、胶粘剂或其它密封材料可以覆盖制品的整个内表面，或者可以有利地只在端部覆盖。代替提供预置于制品上的粘合剂或其它密封材料的是，在按照本发明的第四方面的方法中，或者在用于不同场合的类似方法中，可以提供设置在制品和基质之间的部位上作为单独的条的密封材料。使用单独的条不需要在衬有粘合剂的制品上的保护性覆盖物。为了防止弄脏可能另外需要保护性覆盖。
当使用单独的粘合条，特别是一种热融性条时，在该条被置于一个敞开的环形套筒中(如在按照本发明的制品和管表面之间)的场合下，粘合条可以被为恢复制品所施加的热而过早地融化，并可能从其适当的位置掉下。从而，优选的是，这样的单独的粘合条例如由纤维增强。这种增强不会防止融化，但会防止粘合条从它的适当位置掉下。这样的增强还可以改进粘合剂的机械性能。从而本发明还提供一套用具，它包括按照本发明的制品以及单独的粘合条，粘合条优选是增强的。
可以使用可热活化的(如热融的)粘合剂和一种胶粘环的结合。在一个实施例中，热融性粘合剂环或缠绕的条设置在制品和基质之间的胶粘环附近。例如对于绝热管之间的一个接头来说，一个热融性粘合环或缠绕条优选设置在制品(提供套管)和管绝缘材料之间，在套管的各端处的胶粘环或缠绕条附近。粘合剂可以被设置在套管的端部，比胶粘剂更接近该端部，或者相反。可热活化的粘合环和胶粘环可以在套筒上设置，作为衬或单独的条。
在另一实施例中，可以在制品和基质间使用具有一层可热活化的粘合剂和一层胶粘剂的单独的条，该条包含分层结构。可热活化的粘合剂和胶粘剂层可有基本上相同的形状和尺寸并且基本上完全地相互覆盖。在另一个实施例中，可以使用可热活化的粘合剂宽带和在粘合剂的一个表面上的胶粘剂窄带的结合。在使用宽的粘合剂带和窄的胶粘剂带结合时，胶粘剂带可以设置在粘合剂带的中部或向其一侧。典型的是粘合剂带可以为约50mm-150mm宽，而且胶粘剂带为约25mm-100mm宽。一种特别优选的实施例包含一个约100mm宽的粘合剂带和一个约50mm宽的胶粘剂带。
在使用由可热活化的粘合剂和胶粘剂构成的分层结构的情况下，粘合剂可以设置在比胶粘剂更接近基质，或者相反，在优选的实施方案中，胶粘剂比粘合剂更接近基质。这给出下列优点。首先，胶粘剂典型地比粘合剂更容易附着到基质(如管表面)上。第二，对于由外部热源如气焰恢复的制品来说，制品和粘合剂之间的界面达到比粘合剂和基质之间的界面更高的温度。典型的情况是，在使用气焰实现恢复时，制品和粘合剂之间的界面达到约100℃-110℃的温度。该温度足以活化宽范围的常见的可热活化的粘合剂。第三，由于胶粘剂由粘合剂与制品分开，它允许制品设置在粘合剂/胶粘剂带上，而不会冒制品过早粘着，在不适当的位置上粘着发粘的胶粘剂的风险。一旦制品在适当位置，随后不需要从胶粘剂除去任何释放层。
粘合剂/胶粘剂结合是特别有用的，特别是在制品是一个用于绝热管之间的接头的套管，并且基质是管的情况下。对于该场合，为了改进套管和管绝缘材料之间的抗泄漏性，宽的粘合带/窄的胶粘带组合是特别有利的。然而，对于其它场合如双重密封管来说，类似的粘合剂/胶粘剂组合可以是适合的。
在可热活化的粘合剂被用于制品和基质之间的情况下，在使用粘合剂和制品前预热基质可能是有利的。预热温度至少40℃、或60℃、或80℃或100℃可能是有效的，这取决于所用的粘合剂。
在使用外部施加的热源例如气焰时，可以在制品的部分外表面上设置热反射壳层，以便在恢复后，在紧挨着壳层实现强的、阶状的传热。这对于某些应用场合可能是理想的，并且可以增强密封。
按照本发明的其它制品可以结合单独的或一体的焊接加热器；以在制品和基质之间实现直接熔合连接，制品置于基质之上。例如，对于上面给出的绝热管实施例中，可以将界面加热器结合在制品的内表面和削减管绝缘材料的外表面之间。
在制品和基质之间实现直接焊接的情况下，按照本发明的制品优选包括至少一个衬层，该衬层包括一种非交联材料。按照本发明的制品的优选的实施例是在制品的主体交联的以提供下面描述的可重复的和一贯的恢复再现性，但包括非交联的内衬层。按照本发明的其它优选制品包括一个板，它在如前面所述的其整个厚度上非均匀交联，内表面比外表面更少交联或完全不交联。从而板的内卷的内表面提供适合于形成直接焊接到基质上的接头的非交联的衬层。
按照本发明的制品包括交联的聚合板。已通过使交联预成型件膨胀变成可恢复的制品典型地提供比只通过分子定向变成可恢复的制品更好的可重复的和一贯的恢复性能。
由于按照本发明的交联的可热恢复的制品有这样的一贯的和可重复的恢复性能，它们可以有利地被使用而不用附加的端部密封件。
特别是在按照本发明的制品是厚壁的情况下，在恢复后，在制品的端部可保持弹性应变。这意味着制品有在冷却后进一步收缩的能力。例如对于高密度聚乙烯来说可以存在约3％的应变值。如果利用可流动物料的结合机理使制品直接结合到基质上，这是特别有利的，这是因为可得到的额外收缩能促进可流动物料填充间隙或空隙。
另外，与非交联的可恢复制品相比，交联的可恢复的制品在贮存过程中更好地保持它们的恢复特性(特别是当通过在它们的晶体熔化温度附近膨胀变成可恢复的)，不需要反射性包装来防止由暴露在阳光下引起过早收缩，并且典型地在较高的温度下恢复，允许使用可在较高温度热活化的粘合剂，这种粘合剂典型地比可在较低温度下活化的粘合剂有更好的使用性能。
在制品要被熔化到基质上时，可以使用中间焊接加热器。实施例是电阻丝加热器，或者通过感应加热的金属网件。焊接加热器可引起制品的材料直接融合到基质上，或者通过焊接加热器间接地融合。在一个实施例中，这些可以被用作焊接加热器，导电性聚合物界面加热器，优选一种带形的，如WO88/06517或WO89/05220中所述的。这样一种带优选包括超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)，优选烧结的，含有一种导电性填料如碳黑。所述带是导电性的并优选含有细长的电极，例如沿着它们的长边延伸的导电编织物形式，它们可被连接到一个电源上以使电流经过该带，从而加热该带。当被加热的带材可以熔化到任何相容的聚合制品上时，它与所述制品相邻。从而按照本发明的一种优选的制品包括一种导电性聚合物带，优选上面描述的在制品的各端内周边周围延伸的这种。该带可以通电或加热，并熔化到制品和附近的基质上。在这种情况下，制品和基质之间熔合是间接的，是经过焊接带的。例如，如果按照本发明的制品被用作连接绝热管的套管，导电带的一侧会熔合到制品(套管)上，并且另一侧熔合到管绝缘材料上。相似地，如果制品被用于连接二重容器或其它管，该带的一侧会熔合以结合制品，并且另一侧熔合到管上。代替预置在制品表面上的是，导电性带可作为单独的构件来提供。
对于某些应用来说，在制品有约2.5mm的厚度的情况下，导电性带在活化后还可以提供足够的热来使可恢复的制品的端部收缩。在这些情况下，可以使用两步加热步骤。可以使第一电流通过以引起恢复，使第二电流通过以引起制品和基质之间的熔合。典型的是引起恢复所需的能量比引起熔合少。对于其它应用来说，对于恢复步骤可以使用不同的加热方法，例如气焰、热套或可热收缩的电加热器。
这种使用电导性加热带或其它加热元件的两步加热法本身是新颖的，与它被粘合于其上的制品的种类(如包括非多卷制品)无关。从而本发明的另一方面提供一种可恢复的聚合制品粘合到聚合基质上的方法，该方法包括：
(a)在制品和基质的端部的内表面之间设置一条包含导电性聚合材料或其它可加热元件的带；
(b)使电流通过该带或其它加热元件，能量密度足以加热制品的端部，以使它们恢复成与基质接触；和然后
(c)使电流以第二种较高的能量密度流过该带或其它加热元件，足以引起带的一个表面熔合到制品上，和带的另一表面熔合到基质上。
这样一种方法本身也是新颖的，其中加热元件被预置在可恢复的管状聚合制品的内表面上，加热元件被用于使制品恢复和/或将制品焊接到基质上，并且能够追随制品的恢复。
从而本发明的另一方面提供一种将可恢复的管状聚合制品结合到聚合基质上的方法，该方法包括：
(a)提供预置在可恢复的管状聚合制品的内表面上的一种或多种加热元件，所述加热元件能够追随制品的恢复；
(b)将制品设置在基质周围，和
(c)活化加热元件，从而由加热元件产生的热使制品结合到基质上。
为了追随制品的恢复，典型的加热元件可以是可变形的，如一种可变形的网。可以使用上面描述的电导性聚合带作为另一种加热元件。
在该方法中，来自加热元件的热至少在其端部可以代替或另外被用于恢复制品。
WO88/06517和WO89/05220全文结合在此作为参考。
按照本发明的交联制品可以被直接焊接到管的绝缘材料上(或其它基质上)而无需施加任何单独的外部压力。必须施加足够的热持续足够的时间以实现强的焊接力。然而必须避免过热，过热会导致制品的热膨胀和随后的恢复力的减小。相反，一些可购得的直接焊接的非交联的可收缩套管依赖于经过机动的或液动的外部夹持器以及焊接加热器施加的外部压力。
在制品包括粘合剂衬层的情况下，粘合剂可以用作温度指示剂，显示何时已获得结合下面的基质所需的足够的热。例如，它可以在所述温度下改变颜色，它可以在所述温度下流动且变成外部可看到。另一种设想的实施例包括施加成一种非平面结构的如隆起伏或凸缘状的粘合剂，在已施加足够的热时隆起或凸缘消失。
代替通过焊接或粘合剂直接结合到绝热管之间的接头的任一侧的管绝缘材料上的是，按照本发明的制品可以被用于连接单独的可收缩端部密封件，在其上涂有粘合剂或胶粘剂或其结合。
在按照本发明的制品被用于本发明的第四方面的方法中的情况下(用作绝热管之间的套管)，所述制品可以与单独的端部密封件结合使用，所述密封件桥接套管和管绝缘材料，或者套管可被直接焊接(即熔合)到管绝缘材料上。在使用焊接系统时，制品优选衬有一种相容的非交联材料来实现焊接。
对于特定的领域来说，在按照本发明的制品的端部周围提供附加的厚壁套筒可能是有利的。这样的套筒优选是短的厚壁套筒，并且优选是可热恢复的。在按照本发明的制品要被用于结合到基质上(结合要受到内部压力)的情况下，这样的附加的套管可能是特别有用的。一个实例是高密度聚乙烯制品要被用于连接双重密封管的情况。例如如果这样一种内部压力导致制品是5Mpa的周应力，这样的应力会在制品壁中产生约3％的弹性应变。为了防止该应变导致泄漏的可能性，推荐使用附加的增强用的端部套筒，靠此减小环应力和由其产生的应变到可接受的水平。典型地使用象制品本身同样厚的套筒，或者更厚的套筒。这些可以将局部周应力减小一半或以上。从而本发明提供一套构件，它包含按照本发明的制品以及附加的端部增强套筒；和它们的使用方法。在各端可以使用单独的套筒，或者并排和/或相互上下使用数个套筒。优选使用足够的附加套筒使端部弹性应变减小到最多1％。
按照本发明的制品的优选的材料是聚烯烃如聚乙烯。在特别优选的结构中，制品包括中或高密聚乙烯，优选交联的。如果有的话，非交联的衬层可以包括一种相容的聚合物如非交联的聚乙烯。
对于任何应用，按照本发明的制品的装配可以通过本领域公知的任何方便的加热方法进行。例如可以使用火焰、热空气枪、电阻加热或感应加热。加热方法的选择取决于应用领域，并且对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
下面参照附图，借助于实施例来描述本发明，其中：
图1是按照本发明的制品的纵向剖面图；
图2是沿图1的线A-A截取的剖视图；
图3表示按照本发明的另一种制品；
图4和5表示图1和2的制品的一种应用；
图6、7和8表示按照本发明的其它制品及其应用；和
图9和10表示制造按照本发明的制品的两个单独的方法的步骤顺序。
附图1和2表示一个管状制品1，它由交联的、可热恢复的高密度聚乙烯板3构成，所述板螺旋交联形成管状制品。缠绕的板3的各层5直接熔合到其邻近的层上。在所示的实例中缠绕的层的总厚度t为约3mm。制品包括附加的衬层7，它由非交联的低密聚乙烯构成。
图3表示另一个实施例，其中在制品1的各端包括有附加的增强套筒9以增加它的对径向向外的直接压力的抗力。
图4和5表示图1和2的制品的一种应用，所述制品结合有界面加热器19，用于形成两个绝热管11之间的延续连接部分。各管包括中部钢管13、聚亚胺酯绝缘材料15和聚乙烯外夹套16。钢管13已在17处焊接，并且在焊接区切掉绝缘材料。在焊接管13之前，管状制品1在管11之一上滑动，然后按照本发明的制品1设置成桥接削减的绝缘材料15。界面加热器(如电阻丝加热器19)还结合在制品1和管夹套16的端部之间。一旦制品和界面加热器19被适当地设置，制品被如火焰加热以使之至少在其端部恢复。然后允许制品冷却。在冷却后的制品中，作为恢复的结果，在制品中产生约4.5MPa的残留周应力。此时，界面加热器被活化。在由该加热器在界面处达到的温度下，和在制品中残留周应力的作用下，在内衬制品1的非交联层7和管夹套16之间形成直接熔合部分。不需要外部施加压力。
代替界面加热器19或除此以外，可热活化的粘合剂可以被用作制品1的端部的衬。这些还会在制品1的内表面和管夹套之间形成结合而无需外部施加压力。粘合剂可以由为恢复制品施加的热来活化，或者在使用单独的界面加热器的情况下，由界面加热器提供的热活化。在使用粘合剂的情况下，可以方便地省掉内衬制品1的单独的非交联层7。
图6表示类似于图1和2中所示的制品的一种应用(但没有非交联衬层7)，该制品与粘合剂和胶粘剂结合使用以形成两个绝热管之间的延续连接部分。该制品标为1′，并且它与条29一起使用作为两个绝热管11之间的套管，所述条29包含热熔粘合剂宽带31和胶粘剂窄带33。在该图中，对于管的构件所用的标号与图4和5所示的相同。图6表示在制品1′恢复之前的布置。
在图6的布置中，管状制品1′通过焊接固定在一个管11上，然后再连接另一管11。然后将削减绝缘材料的端部16预热到至少60℃，并且如图所示将胶粘剂/粘合剂条29缠绕在管11上的削减绝缘材料16的各端周围。然后如图所示套管定位于粘合剂/胶粘剂条29之上。胶粘剂33在热熔粘合剂31内侧的事实意味着制品1′没有粘着到发粘的胶粘剂33上的不适当位置上的风险。一旦定位后，通过外部热源如气焰(不使热熔粘合剂31流动并结合到管表面16)将热施加到至少制品1′的端部。
图7表示一种可供选择的制品1″，该制品使用在其端部缠绕的WO88/06517和WO89/0522021中描述的这种含碳UHMWPE导电性聚合带21。这些可被连接一个电源23以使电流流过加热它们。该热可被用于使制品1″的端部收缩(或者可以使用单独的加热装置)。该热用于使缠绕的带21的外表面熔合到制品1″的内表面，并且将缠绕的带的内表面熔合到置于制品内的基质(未示出)上。可以使用两级能量法来进行恢复和其后的熔合。
图8表示另一种制品1的应用，形成绝热管之间的延续连接部分，即与图4、5和6中所示的相同的应用。在图7中使用与图4和5中所示的绝热管构件类似的标号。在这种情况下，制品的端部25局部恢复成削减的绝热材料15之间的凹进部分。从而制品1提供一种在外管夹套16和凹进部分之间的竖直面过渡部分27。这提供增强的压力保持能力和附加的周应力。
图9表示按照本发明的制造制品的方法中的步骤。在步骤(a)中，螺旋缠绕可恢复的聚乙烯板。在步骤(b)中，将该板定位于芯轴上，并施加热(如由炉)以使板恢复到芯轴上并使层直接相互熔合，然后冷却，在步骤(c)中除去芯轴。芯轴的尺寸使得步骤(c)后形成的制品有至少3％的残留恢复性。
图10表示一种可供选择的按照本发明的制品的制造方法中的步骤。在步骤(a)中可热稳定的板被缠绕成管状制品。在步骤(b)中施加热以使层熔合到在一起，和在步骤(c)中使熔合的层膨胀以使制品变成可恢复的。

Claims (3)

1.一种制造可热恢复尺寸的管状制品的方法，该制品由螺旋缠绕的交联的包括聚乙烯的聚合板构成，交联板的重叠层已直接相互熔合以形成固结的管状制品，固结的管有至少2.2mm的厚度，该方法包括：
(i)螺旋缠绕一交联的可热恢复的包括聚乙烯的聚合板以形成管状结构，它包括螺旋缠绕板的两个或多个重叠层；
(ii)使该缠绕板定位以环绕一支撑芯轴；和
(iii)加热该板到足以使板的相邻的交联的重叠层之间直接熔合的温度。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其中加热步骤实现这样的温度，该温度在聚合板的恢复温度之上，借此所述板开始恢复，并且其中芯轴尺寸适于防止聚合板的完全恢复。
3.一种制造可热恢复尺寸的管状制品的方法，该制品由螺旋缠绕的交联的包括聚乙烯的聚合板构成，交联板的重叠层已直接相互熔合以形成固结的管状制品，固结的管有至少2.2mm的厚度，该方法包括：
(i)螺旋缠绕一热稳定的交联的包括聚乙烯的聚合板以形成管状结构，它包括螺旋缠绕板的两个或多个相邻重叠层；
(ii)加热该缠绕板到足以使板的相邻的交联的重叠层之间熔合的温度；
(iii)熔合的层被径向向外扩张，以使制品热恢复。
CN96195664A 1995-05-31 1996-05-30 可热恢复的制品的制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1083323C (zh)

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