CN1082723A - 聚合物胶片 - Google Patents
聚合物胶片 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1082723A CN1082723A CN93103477A CN93103477A CN1082723A CN 1082723 A CN1082723 A CN 1082723A CN 93103477 A CN93103477 A CN 93103477A CN 93103477 A CN93103477 A CN 93103477A CN 1082723 A CN1082723 A CN 1082723A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glue
- line
- film
- band coating
- coating film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
一种带用胶层的包括聚合胶片基底的涂层胶片,
此胶层含有一种有机酸和一种聚合物,此聚合物具有
一个或多个含有一个或多个侧氮原子的重复单元,胶
层中有机酸对聚合物的比值范围1∶0.1至20(重
量)。此涂层胶片对照相乳剂层有很好的粘着力,即
使在胶片生产结束之前涂覆亦如此。
Description
本发明涉及的是一种带涂层的聚合物胶片,具体来说涉及的是适于用光敏照相乳剂涂覆的带涂层的聚合物胶片,本发明还涉及一种光敏照相胶片以及制备带涂层聚合物胶片的方法。
在照相领域公知,光敏照相乳剂如通用的光敏凝胶状卤化银乳剂不易粘合在热塑性胶片基底的表面上,所述热塑性胶片如合成直链聚酯胶片。现有技术改进胶片基底与照相乳剂间粘着性的通用手段是在施用照相乳剂之前对基底表面进行预处理,例如涂覆一层或多层促进粘合的聚合物层,还可任选的进一步涂覆促进粘合的凝胶层,前面提到的涂层在现有技术中常称作胶层。英国专利Nos.1540067,1583343和1583547叙述了这类胶层的实例。但是,现有技术的胶层没有解决照相胶片的所有商业需求。公知的胶层对某些光敏层在胶片基底上的粘合性有显著的改进,但对其它光敏层就不那么有效,例如对于用于平面构型胶片(graphic arts film)的乳剂层来说。因而目前需要能对大范围光敏乳剂改进粘合性的胶层,例如对在光敏乳剂中按惯例所采用的许多不同类型的市售凝胶材料而言。与相对干燥的条件相比,现有技术的胶层在较湿时有效性下降。在商业上需要在所谓“湿”条件下改进胶层的有效性。
市售照相胶片在基底和光敏层之间具有多于一层的胶层或中间层。如果只使用一层胶层则照相胶片的制备方法的效率就可得到提高。
传统上胶层是在胶片的生产结束之后涂覆在胶片基底上的,即“离线”,这导致制备带涂层的胶片所需的工艺步骤的数目增加。所以需要能够在胶片的制造过程中即“在线”涂覆胶层,以简化和改进制备方法的效率。
我们现在设计了一种改进的带涂层的聚合物胶片以及一种改进的光敏照相胶片,减少或部分解决了至少一个前述的问题。
对应来说,本发明提供了一种带涂层的胶片,它包括一种聚合物胶片基底,在该胶片基底的至少一个表面上涂有一层胶层,该胶层包含一种有机酸和含有一个或多个重复单元的聚合物,所述单元含有至少一个或多个侧氮原子,在该胶层中有机酸与聚合物的比例范围为1∶0.1至20(重量)。
本发明还提供了一种制备带涂层的胶片的方法,所述方法按以下方式实现,形成聚合物材料的基底层,在完成任何胶片拉伸操作之前,在该基底的至少一个表面上涂覆胶层组合物,该组合物包含有机酸和含有至少一个或多个重复单元的聚合物,所述单元含有至少一个或多个侧氮原子,在胶层中有机酸与聚合物的比例范围为1∶0.1至20(重量)。
本发明进一步提供了一种光敏照相胶片,它包含直接或间接涂覆在本文所叙述的带涂层胶片的胶层上的光敏照相乳剂层。
适用于制备按照本发明的带涂层胶片的基底可包括能形成自支撑不透明或透明胶片或胶板的任何聚合物材料。
“自支撑胶片或胶板”是指无支撑底物能独立存在的胶片或胶板。
可以由任何合成、成膜、聚合物材料来形成按照本发明的带涂层胶片的基底。适用的热塑性、合成材料包括1-链烯烃如乙烯、丙烯或丁烯-1的均聚物或共聚物,特别是聚丙烯,还包括聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、特别是合成直链聚酯,所述的聚酯可以由一个或多个二羧酸或它们的低级烷基(高至6个碳原子)二酯与一个或多个二醇进行缩合来制备。所述的二羧酸或其低级烷基二酯例如对苯二酸、间苯二酸、邻苯二酸、2,5-、2,6、或2,7-萘二羧酸、丁二酸、癸二酸、已二酸、壬二酸、4,4′-联苯二羧酸、六氢化对苯二酸或1,2-双-对-羧苯氧基乙烷(任选带有单羧酸,如特戊酸),所述的二醇特别是脂族二醇,例如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和1,4-环已烷二甲醇。聚对苯二甲酸乙酯胶片是特别优选的,特别是这类胶片通过在两个互相垂直的方向上的顺序拉伸而呈双轴向取向的,拉伸典型的是在70至125℃的温度范围下进行,优选胶片经过热定形,典型的是在150至250℃的温度范围下进行,例如英国专利838,708所叙述的。
所述基底也可包括聚芳基醚或它的硫代类似物,特别是聚芳基酮醚、聚芳基砜醚;聚芳基醚酮醚、聚芳基醚砜醚、或它们的共聚物或硫代类似物。EP-A-1879、EP-A-184458和US-A-4008203中公开了这些聚合物的实例。所述基底可包括聚(亚芳基硫醚),特别是聚-对-亚苯基硫醚或它的共聚物。也可采用前面所述聚合物的混合物。
适用的热固性树脂基底材料包括加聚树脂-如丙烯类、乙烯类、双-马来酰亚胺类和不饱和聚酯、甲醛缩合物树脂-如与尿素、三聚氰胺或酚类的缩合物,氰酸盐树脂,功能化聚酯,聚酰胺或聚酰亚胺。
用于生产按照本发明的带涂层的胶片的聚合物胶片基底可以是未取向的、或单轴向(uniaxially)取向的,但优选是在胶片的平面的两个互相垂直的方向上通过拉伸而达到满意机械和物理性能组合呈双轴向取向的。通过以下的过程可实现同时双轴向取向,即挤出热塑性聚合物管,对该管顺序进行骤冷、再加热,然后通过内部气体压力膨胀以诱发横向取向,并以可诱发纵向取向的速度收回。在展幅机的工作过程中可实现顺序拉伸,即呈平板挤出物挤出热塑性基底材料,随后先在一个方向对该挤出物进行拉伸,然后在另一个互相垂直的方向上拉伸。一般,优选先在纵向拉伸,即自胶片拉伸机的前进方向然后在横向拉伸。拉伸过的基底胶片可以并优选是在其玻璃化转变温度之上在尺寸限定物下进行热定形使其尺寸稳定。
所述基底的适宜厚度为6至300、优选10至200、更优选100至175μm。
用于生产按照本发明的带涂层胶片的不透明基底,其光学透射密度(Sakura Densitometer;型号PDA65;透射模式)优选为0.75至1.75,特别是1.20至1.50。通过加入含有有效量不透明剂的合成聚合物可简便的使基底变得不透明。但在本发明的一个优选实施例中,不透明基底是中空的,其意义是指基底包含孔穴结构,该结构含有至少占一定比例的不连续、封闭腔室(cell)。因而优选在基底聚合物中加入有效量的一种试剂,该试剂能够产生不透明、中空结构。适用的成空剂(它还能带来不透明性)包括有机填料、颗粒无机填料或两种或多种这类填料的混合物。
适于产生不透明、中空基底的颗粒无机填料包括通用的无机颜料和填料,特别是金属或非金属氧化物,如氧化铝、氧化硅和二氧化钛,以及碱金属盐,如钙和钡的碳酸盐和硫酸盐。硫酸钡是特别优选的填料,它同时还有成空剂的功能。
非成空颗粒无机填料也可添加到基底中。
适用的成空和/或非成空填料可是均相的,并基本上由单一填料物质或化合物组成,如单独的二氧化钛或硫酸钡。还可以,至少一部分填料是多相的,主填料物质与附加的改性组分相连。例如,主填料颗粒可以用表面改性剂处理,如颜料、肥皂、表面活性剂偶合剂或其它改性剂,以促进或改变填料与基底聚合物相容的程度。
生产具有满意程度的不透明性、中空度和白度的基底要求填料应破碎的很细,在占颗粒总数99.9%的实际颗粒粒径不超过30μm的前提下,填料的平均颗粒粒径最好为0.1至10μm。优选,填料的平均粒径为0.1至10μm,特别优选0.2至0.75μm。粒径减小可改进基底的光泽度。
可以由电子显微镜,coulter计数器或沉降法分析来测量粒径,并可通过测绘表示小于所选定粒径的颗粒的百分数的累积分布曲线来确定平均粒径。
优选在本发明的不透明基底层中加入的填料颗粒的实际粒径都不超过30μm,超过该粒径的颗粒可通过现有技术公知的筛分法除去。但筛分操作对除去所有大于选定粒径的颗粒不总是全部有效。因而,实际中占总数99.9%的颗粒的粒径不应超过30μm。最优选99.9%的颗粒的粒径不应超过20μm。
可通过通用技术在基底聚合物中加入不透明/成空(Voiding)剂-例如,通过与制成聚合物前的单体反应物混合,或通过与在形成胶片之前的呈粒状或碎屑状的聚合物干混合来实现。
以聚合物的重量计,在基底聚合物中加入的填料特别是硫酸钡的数量最好应不少于5%不大于50%(重量计)。以基底聚合物的重量计,当填料的浓度为约8至30%,特别是15至20%(重量)时获得了特别满意程度的不透明度和光泽度。
所谓胶层聚合物的重复单元的侧氮原子是指氮原子不是聚合物主链的部分,即氮原子位于与聚合物主链相连的侧链上。在本发明的一个实施例中,至少一个或多个氮原子可任选的存在于聚合物的主链中,但是指重复单元的侧氮原子之外的氮原子。
胶层聚合物的至少一个或多个重复单元优选具有以下的通式结构:
其中
Z表示胺、酰胺、季铵、和/或它们的盐,R1、R2和R3可相同或不同,表示氢、卤素、烷基、腈、胺、酰胺、季铵、酮、醚、乙烯基和/或它们的盐,和
Y、Y1、Y2和Y3是任选的中间物(intermediaries),它们可以相同或不同。
任选中间物Y表示提供Z与碳原子C1间连接原子链的一或多个原子。连接链可是直接或间接连接,一般包括一或多个碳原子(例如,可包括在芳环中的碳原子)和/或杂原子(特别是氮和/或氧原子)。Y优选为直接连接,更优选为亚烷基,可任选被取代,具有多至10、特别是多至6且尤其是1或2个碳原子。在本发明的最优选的实施例中Y是(CH2)。
Z优选表示胺,更优选为叔胺,特别是仲胺且尤其为伯胺和/或它们的盐。在本发明的优选实施例中,Z呈盐形式,即Z被质子化并与适当的呈负电性的平衡离子如卤阴离子例如氯阴离子、硫酸根、亚硫酸根阴离子、磷酸根、羧酸根或磺酸根离子相连。
任选中间物Y1、Y2和Y3表示提供R1、R2和R3与C1、C2和C2对应连接原子链的一或多个原子。连接链或是直接或间接连接,一般包括一或多个碳原子(例如,可以包括在芳环中的碳原子)和/或杂原子(特别为氮和/或氧原子)。Y1、Y2和Y3优选为直接连接,更优选为亚烷基,任选被取代的,具有多至10,特别是多至6且尤其为1或2个碳原子。在本发明的最优选的实施例中中间物Y1、Y2和Y3是空缺,即R1、R2和R3分别直接连接到C1、C2和C3原子上。
R1、R2和R3优选表示氢和/或烷基,任选被取代,具有多至10,特别是多至6且尤其为1或2个碳原子。在本发明的最优选实施例中R1、R2和R3全部都是氢,在本发明的一个替代实施例中R1、R2和R3中至少有一个表示胺,更优选为叔胺,特别为仲胺且尤其为伯胺和/或它们的盐。
适宜的重复单元是由一烯丙基胺和/或N-取代一烯丙基胺的聚合中衍生的,所述N-取代一烯丙基胺如N-2-丙烯基-2-丙烯(propen)-1-胺、N-甲基烯丙基胺、N-乙基烯丙基胺、N-正-丙基烯丙基胺、N-异丙基烯丙基胺、N-正-丁基烯丙基胺、N-仲-丁基烯丙基胺、N-叔-丁基烯丙基胺、N-异丁基烯丙基胺、N-环己基烯丙基胺、和N-苯甲基烯丙基胺,特别优选的是一烯丙基胺。
胶层聚合物含有这里所述的重复单元,其含量可多至100%(摩尔),适于大于25%(摩尔),优选大于40%(摩尔),更优选大于60%(摩尔),特别是大于75%(摩尔),尤其是大于90%(摩尔)。在本发明最优选的实施例中聚合物含有100%(摩尔)这里所述的重复单元,特别适用的胶层聚合物是聚烯丙基胺和/或它的盐。
胶层聚合物可以是共聚物,包含除这里所述重复单元外的一或多个共聚单体。适用的附加共聚单体可选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的衍生物,优选为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯,尤其为烷基酯,其中烷基含有多至10个碳原子,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正-丁基、异-丁基、叔丁基、己基、2-乙基己基、庚基、和正-辛基。特别优选的共聚单体是丙烯酸基酯、例如丙烯酸乙酯或丙烯酸丁酯,和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
适于制备胶层共聚物的其它共聚单体包括丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、卤代丙烯腈、卤代甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯、丙烯酸甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、衣康酸、衣康酸酐以及衣康酸半酯。
其它做为任选的共聚单体包括:乙烯基酯如乙烯基乙酸酯、乙烯基氯代乙酸酯和乙烯基苯甲酸酯;乙烯基吡啶;乙烯基氯;亚乙烯基二氯;马来酸;马来酐;丁二烯;哌嗪;磺化单体如乙烯基磺酸;苯乙烯和其衍生物如氯苯乙烯、羟基苯乙烯和烷基化苯乙烯。
胶层聚合物的分子量,不包括任何与之相连的平衡离子,即指游离聚合物,可以在很宽的范围内变化,但重量平均分子量优选小于1,000,000,更优选为5,000至200,000,特别是为40,000至150,000,尤其为50,000至100,000。
所述有机酸是相对小的分子,优选分子量为70至800,更优选为100至500,特别是150至200,该有机酸可包括脂族的,杂环族的或优选的芳香族的。该有机酸可是二元酸,但优选是一元酸。适用的有机酸包括丙酸、丁酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、特戊酸或马来酸。
该有机酸优选包括一个单独的独立萘环,且尤其是一个单独独立的苯环。有机酸在溶液中可包括一个酸部分如羧基、磷酸基、膦酸基或优选的磺基。适用的磺酸包括乙烯基磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸、吗啉对甲苯磺酸和对苯乙烯磺酸。特别优选的有机酸是对甲苯磺酸,它可以呈对甲苯磺酸铵的形式添加到胶层组合物中。
在胶层中存在的有机酸与胶层聚合物的组合的量可以占胶层总重量的多至100%,优选多至96%,更优选多至94%,特别是多至92%。胶层中有机酸与胶层聚合物组合的量还优选占胶层重量的大于40%,更优选大于50%,特别是大于70%,尤其是大于80%。
在胶层中的有机酸与游离胶层聚合物的比例(重量)优选为1∶0.3至10,更优选1∶0.4至5,特别是1∶0.5至1,尤其为约1∶0.6。有机酸据信与胶层聚合物成盐或部分成盐。
除这里所述的胶层聚合物外,胶层还包含其它聚合材料,即胶层可由胶层聚合物与一种或多种其它聚合树脂的混合物组成。聚合树脂材料优选为有机树脂,可以是与胶层聚合物结合在一起有助于形成粘结性涂层的任何成膜的聚合物或低聚物类或其前体。适用的聚合树脂包括:
(a)“氨基塑料”树脂,它可以通过胺或酰胺与醛的相互反应来制备,典型的是三聚氰胺与甲醛的烷氧基化缩合产物,例如六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、三甲氧基三羟甲基三聚氰胺甲醛;
(b)均聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙酯;
(c)共聚酯,特别是由二羧酸的磺基衍生物衍生出的,所述二羧酸的磺基衍生物如磺基对苯二酸和/或磺基间苯二酸;
(d)苯乙烯与一或多种乙烯化不饱和共聚单体的共聚物,所述共聚单体如马来酐或衣康酸,
所述共聚物特别是GB-A-1540067叙述的共聚物;
(e)丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸和/或它们的低级烷基(多至6个碳原子)的酯的共聚物,例如丙烯酸乙酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物,甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯/丙烯酸共聚物(三者典型的摩尔比为55/27/18%和36/24/40%);
(f)苯乙烯/丙烯酰胺共聚物,特别是GB-A-1174328和GB-A-1134876或叙述的类型;
(g)官能化聚烯烃,尤其是马来化的聚丁二烯;
(h)纤维素类物质,如硝基纤维素、乙基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素;
(i)聚乙烯醇;和
(j)聚乙烯亚胺。
在本发明的优选实施例中胶层包含交联剂,其意义是指在形成胶层过程中发生化学反应的物质,优选形成共价键,与其本身和其所依附的底层的表面都成键以形成交联由此改进在底层上的粘合。交联剂可以是有机物质,优选为在形成涂层前是单聚和/或低聚类的,特别是单聚的。交联剂的分子量优选低于5000,更优选低于2000,尤其是低于1000,特别是为250至500。再有,交联剂优选应能够内交联以便提高对溶剂渗透的防护。适用的交联剂可包括环氧树脂、烷基树脂、胺衍生物例如六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺,和/或胺如三聚氰胺、二嗪、尿素、环亚乙基脲、环亚丙基脲、硫脲、环亚乙基硫脲、氮丙啶、烷基三聚氰胺、芳基三聚氰胺、苯并三聚氰二胺、三聚氰二胺、烷基三聚氰二胺和芳基三聚氰二胺与醛如甲醛的缩合产物。优选的交联剂是三聚氰胺与甲醛的缩合产物。缩合产物可任选进行烷氧基化。还优选采用催化剂以加速交联剂的交联作用。用于交联三聚氰胺甲醛的优选催化剂包括对甲苯磺酸,与碱反应稳定化的马来酸,和吗啉对甲苯磺酸盐。胶层优选包括相对胶层总重为0.5%至70%、更优选4%至50%、特别优选6%至30%、尤其是8%至20%(以重量计)的交联剂。
在本发明的优选实施例中胶层不含凝胶或类凝胶物质。的确,使用不含凝胶的胶层可以达到与照相乳剂层良好的粘合是本发明的出乎意料的方面之一。当然,在这里所述的胶层中也可添加相对少量的凝胶,这不是必定会减少其优点。
胶层的厚度可在很宽范围内变化,但优选为0.005μm至2.0μm,更优选为0.025μm至0.3μm。对于两个表面都涂覆涂层的胶片来说,优选每层胶层的涂层厚度在优选的范围内。
基底与胶层的厚度间的比例可在很宽范围内变化,但胶层的厚度优选应不小于基底厚度的0.001%,不大于基底厚度的10%。
胶层聚合物一般是水溶性的,但不溶于水的胶层聚合物也可使用,例如可以呈含水分散体或胶乳将胶层组合物涂覆到聚合物胶片基底上。
可以在制备取向胶片实施例拉伸操作之前、过程中或之后涂覆胶层组合物。该涂层组合物可涂覆在已取向的胶片基底上,例如双轴取向的聚酯、特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙酯胶片。胶层组合物优选在双轴向拉伸操作的两步骤纵向和横向之间涂覆在胶片底层上,即通过“拉伸之间”涂覆。这样的拉伸和涂覆顺序可适用于生产带涂层的直链聚酯胶片基底,优选先在纵向通过一系列旋转辊对其拉伸,涂覆,然后在展幅机炉中进行横向拉伸,优选接着还进行热定形。
胶层组合物可以呈含水分散体或在有机溶剂中的溶液通过任何适用的通用涂覆技术涂覆在聚合物胶片基底上,所述涂覆技术如浸涂(dip coating)、bead coating,逆辊涂覆(reverse roller coating)或slot coating。
如果胶层组合物在胶片制造过程之后涂覆在基底上,一般需要加热带涂层的胶片以干燥涂层。带涂层的胶片的加热温度特别取决于聚合物基底的组成。带涂层的聚酯、尤其是是聚对苯二甲酸乙酯基底适于在150℃至240℃、优选180℃至220℃进行加热,以干燥含水介质或者在应用溶剂的组合物的情况下干燥溶剂,这也有助于凝结和形成连续和均一的涂层。与之对比,带涂层的聚烯烃、尤其是聚丙烯适于在85℃至95℃进行加热。
光敏照相乳剂层、例如通用的X-射线或平面构型凝胶状卤化银乳剂可以直接或间接粘合在本发明的带涂层胶片的胶层上。间接粘合可通过在这里所述的胶层和光敏照相乳剂层之间插入通用的凝胶状胶层来实现。在本发明的优选实施例中,光敏照相乳剂层直接粘合在按照本发明的带涂层胶片的胶层上,即没有中间层。光敏照相乳剂层可任选包括任何在其中通常使用的通用添加剂。
在胶层沉积在聚合物基底上之前,或在光敏照相乳剂层沉积在胶层上之前,基底和胶层的裸露的表面如果需要可分别进行化学或物理表面改性处理以改进表面与随后的涂层间的健合。优选的处理方式是使裸露的表面受高压静电应力作用并伴随电晕放电,由于它的简单性和有效性,它特别适用于处理聚烯烃基底或胶层。电晕放电可在空气中在大气压力下由通用设备使用高频、高压发生器来实现,所述发生器优选输出功率在1至100KV折电压下为1至20KW。放电可简便地通过使胶片以优选的每分钟1.0至500m的线速度穿过在放电站的绝缘支撑辊来实现。放电电极可位于离移动胶片表面0.1至10.0mm处。另一种替代的处理方式,特别是用于基底的,是用现有技术公知的试剂对表面进行预处理以使基底聚合物受到溶剂或膨胀作用。特别适用于处理聚酯基底的这类试剂的实例包括溶于通用有机溶剂中的卤代酚,例如对-氯-间甲酚、2,4,5-或2,4,6-三氯酚或4-氯间苯二酚在丙酮或甲醇中的溶液。
在本发明的优选实施例中,在沉积胶层之前,基底的裸露表面不经受如电晕放电处理的化学或物理表面改性处理。本发明的另一个意外的优点是不对基底进行电晕放电处理就可使胶层极好的粘合在基底上。
在按照本发明的带涂层胶片的一层或多层中,即基底、胶层或光敏层中,可以方便的含有在制备聚合物胶片中通常采用的任何添加剂。这样,试剂如染料、颜料、成空剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂、抗氧化剂、抗堵塞剂(anti-blocking agents)、表面活性剂、增滑剂(slip aids)、光泽改良剂、预降解剂(prodegradants)、紫外光稳定剂、粘度改性剂和分散稳定剂都可适当加入到基底和/或胶层和/或光敏层中。具体说,基底可包含染料,如当需要兰、灰或黑色基底时,例如用于X-射线的胶片,当在基底层中采用的染料的含量优选应为少量,一般为50ppm至5,000ppm,特别是为500ppm至2,000ppm。
基底和/或胶层可包含小粒径的颗粒填料,如二氧化硅。如在透明基底层中采用,最好填料的含量应是少量的,不超过基底重量的0.5%,优选低于0.2%。如在胶层中采用,填料的含量优选为胶层重量的0.05%至5%,更优选0.1至1.0%。
通过在涂覆了胶层的胶片上除这里所述的光敏乳剂层外涂覆或层合附加材料,可以将本发明的带涂层胶片用于形成各种类型的复合结构。例如,带涂层胶片可与聚乙烯或金属箔如铜、铝和镍层合,这可以用来制造电路板。可以采用真空袋(Vacuum bag)层合、加压层合、滚压层合或其它标准的层合技术来制造前述折层合制品。
可以通过通用的金属化技术来实现在一层胶层或每层胶层上沉积金属层,例如,通过从微细金属颗粒在适当液体介质中的悬浮液的沉积,或者,优选的,通过真空沉积法其中金属在保持高真空度条件下的腔室中蒸发到胶层表面上。适用的金属包括钯、镍、铜(及其合金,如青铜)、银、金、钴和锌,但是优选的,由于它即经济又易于树脂层结合。
根据需要,可以对胶层的全部裸露表面实现金属化,或仅在其选定的部分上进行金属化。
金属化胶片可以按照主要由所采用的具体胶片的最终应用而决定的厚度来进行制造。
可以在胶层上涂以漆层来制备适于用作制图胶片的胶片。漆层优选包含一种或多种聚乙烯醇和/或聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。可以通过聚乙烯醇与醛反应来制备聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。市售聚乙烯醇一般通过聚乙酸乙烯酯的水解来制备。聚乙烯醇通常分为部分水解的(包含15至30%聚乙酸乙烯酯基团)和全部水解的(包含0至5%聚乙酸乙烯酯基团)。在一分子量范围内的两种类型的聚乙烯醇都用来制造市售的聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。所用的缩醛反应条件和具体的醛和聚乙烯醇的浓度决定了在聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂中所含的羟基、乙酸酯基和缩醛基团的比例。一般羟基、乙酸酯基和缩醛基团在分子中随机分布。适用的聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、及优选的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛。
漆层优选还包含微细的颗粒材料,当聚合物胶片被用作制图材料时,所采用的颗粒材料应能提高胶片表面的粗糙度,使该表面可以做标记,并保持书写工具如铅笔、蜡笔和墨水的痕迹。
所述微细颗粒材料可选自二氧化硅、硅酸盐、磨细成粉的玻璃、白垩、滑石、硅藻土、碳酸镁、氧化锆、碳酸钙、二氧化钛。微细的二氧化硅是制造制图材料的优选材料,它可与少量添加的其它材料一起使用来获得所需程度的半透明性以及提高涂层的韧性和耐标记性。如果在漆层在采用,最好填料含量应不超过聚合物材料重量的50%其平均粒径应不超过15μm,优选小于10μm,尤其为0.1至5μm。
本发明的涂有胶层的胶片可以涂覆一系列的其它以有机和/或含水溶剂为基的油墨和漆料,例如应用于制图室的印刷油墨、丙烯酸涂料、乙酸丁酸纤维素漆料、和重氮涂料,带涂层的胶片还可用作应用于影印、商业绘图和电子成像如热传递印刷外投影胶片(overhead projecting films)。
以下参照附图对本发明进行说明,其中:
图1是具有基底和胶层的带涂层胶片的来按比例的放大剖面示意图。
图2是在胶层上带有附加光敏层的带涂层胶片的相似的放大示意图。
参照附图的图1,胶片包括聚合物基底层(1),在该层的一个表面(3)上粘合着胶层(2)。
图2的胶片进一步包括粘合在胶层(2)的一个表面(5)上的附加光敏层(4)。
以下通过实施例对本发明进一步进行说明。
使用了以下的试验方法。
(1)平面构型凝胶粘合性试验
制备含有以下组分的凝胶配方:
水 684ml
照相级明胶 102g
甲醇 42.5ml
Congo红色染料(35g溶于2升水中) 170ml
Saponin(15g溶于135ml水中) 15ml
氢氧化钾(45g溶于55ml水中) 0.35ml
在40℃的水浴中对100g的凝胶配制剂进行加热,并在搅拌下添加0.75ml甲醛溶液(约40%W/V甲醛溶液溶于水中,含量为50%V/V)。在40℃保温30分钟后,使用No 7 Meyer Bar 将凝胶配制剂涂覆在胶片上。涂覆后的凝胶层在室温下放置约4分钟使之稳定,然后转移到40℃和30%相对湿度的烘箱中30分钟。从烘箱中取出有凝胶的胶片,并在室温使之稳定30分钟。使用标准的交叉影线粘合带试验-“干”试验,来测定凝胶层在所依附在胶片上的粘合强度。为进行“湿”试验,将涂了凝胶的胶片浸入冷水中5分钟,用叉在凝胶层上划出交叉影线图形,然后用食指轻擦该影线6次。按1至5的级别来评价“干”和“湿”试验的粘合强度,其中1=极好粘合,即实际上无凝胶被刮掉,5=不良粘合,即实际上所有凝胶被刮掉。
(2)X-射线型照相乳剂粘合试验。
使用 No7 Meyer Bar将标准氯化银X-射线型照相乳剂涂覆在胶片上。在40℃烘箱中将带涂层胶片干燥30分钟并在室温下使之稳定30分钟。然后按上述进行“干”和“湿”粘合试验。
实施例1
将聚对苯二甲酸乙酯胶片熔化挤出落在-冷却的旋转鼓上,并在撞出的方向上拉伸到其原尺寸的3倍。将单轴向取向的胶片涂覆包含以下组分的胶层组合物:
PAA-HCL-10S 500ml
(聚盐酸烯丙胺的10%W/W含水分散体,由Nitto Boseki Coltd提供)
Cymel 350 150ml
(蜜苯胺甲醛的10%W/W水溶液,-由Dyno Cyanamid提供)
对甲苯磺酸铵(10%W/W水溶液) 750ml
Synperonic NP10 70ml
(乙氧基化壬基酚的10%W/W水溶液-由ICI提供)
水 至2.5升
将带涂层的胶片送入展幅机炉,在其中胶片在横向上拉伸至其原尺寸的约3倍。按通用手段使双轴向取向的带涂层的胶片在约220℃的温度下热定形。带涂层胶片的最终厚度为100μm。干燥胶层的厚度为0.11μm,涂层重量为1.1mg dm-2。
进行前述的粘合试验对带涂层的胶片进行评价,对平面构型凝胶和X-射线照相乳剂两者的“干”和“湿”试验打分都是1,即表现出极好的粘合性。
实施例2
这是非按照本发明的对比实施例。重复实施例1的程序,不同之处在于省去了涂覆步骤。
对未涂覆涂层的双轴向取向聚对苯二甲酸乙酯胶片按照前述的试验进行评价,对平面构型凝胶和X-射线型照相乳剂两者的“干”和“湿”试验打分都是5,即表现出不良粘合性。
实施例3
这是非按照本发明的对比实施例。重复实施例1的程序,不同之处在于胶层组合物不含任何对甲苯磺酸铵。将带涂层的胶片按照前述的“干”和“湿”粘合试验对平面构型凝胶进行评价,两种情况打分都是4,即仅表面出中等强度的粘合性。
实施例4
重复实施例1的程序,不同之处在于不是在胶片制造过程中使用No1 Meyer bar将胶层组合物涂覆在双轴向取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙酯胶片上。带涂层的胶片在烘箱中于180℃干燥1分钟。干燥胶层的厚度为0.32μm,涂层重量为3.2mg dm-2。
带涂层的胶片按照前述的粘合试验进行评价,对平面构型凝胶和X-射线照相乳剂两者的“干”和“湿”试验打分都是1,即表现出极好的粘合性。
实施例5
重复实施例1的程序,不同之处在于聚对苯二甲酸乙酯基底层含有基于聚合物重量18%(重量)的微细颗粒状硫酸钡填料,其平均粒径为0.4μm。
带涂层胶片按照前述的粘合试验进行评价,对平面构型凝胶和X-射线型照相乳剂两者的“干”和“湿”试验打分都是1,即表现出极好的粘合性。
实施例6
这是非按照本发明的对比实施例。重复实施例1的程序,不同之处在于胶层组合物包括以下的组分:
丙烯酸树脂 30ml
(摩尔%为46/46/8的甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸乙酯/甲基丙烯酰胺的46%w/w含水胶乳)
硝酸铵(10%w/w水溶液) 0.15ml
synperonic N 5ml
(乙氧基化壬基酚的27%w/w水溶液,由ICI提供)
脱矿物质水 至1升
干燥胶层的厚度为0.025μm,涂层重量的0.3mg dm-2。带涂层胶片按照前述的“湿”粘合试验对平面构型凝胶和X-射线型照相乳剂进行评价,两种情况打分都是5,即表现出不良粘合。
以上实施例说明本发明的带涂层胶片和光敏照相胶片的性能有改善。
Claims (10)
1、一种包括聚合物胶片基底的带涂层胶片,在所述基底的至少一个表面上具有胶层,所述胶层包括一种有机酸和一种聚合物,这种聚合物包含至少一个或多个重复单元,所述单元含有至少一个或多个侧氮原子,在所述胶层中有机酸与聚合物的比例范围为1∶0.1至20(重量)。
3、如权利要求2所述的带涂层胶片,其中Y表示具有多至10个碳原子的亚烷基。
4、如权利要求2和3中任一项所述的带涂层胶片,其中Z表示伯胺和/或它们的盐。
5、如权利要求2至4任一项所述的带涂层胶片,其中R1、R2和R3表示氢和/或具有多至10个碳原子的烷基。
6、如权利要求2至5任一项所述的带涂层胶片,其中中间物Y1、Y2和Y3是空缺。
7、如前述权利要求中任一项所述的带涂层胶片,其中有机酸的分子量为70至800。
8、如前述权利要求中任一项所述的带涂层胶片,其中胶层中包含交联剂。
9、一种制备带涂层胶片的方法,包括形成聚合物材料的基底层,在完成任何胶片拉伸操作之前,在基底的至少一个表面上涂覆包含一种有机酸和一种聚合物的胶层组合物,该聚合物含有至少一个或多个重复单元,所述单元含有至少一个或多个侧氮原子,在胶层中有机酸与聚合物的比例范围为1∶0.1至20(重量)。
10、一种光敏照相胶片,它包括直接或间接涂覆在由权利要求1至8任一项限定,或按权利要求9限定的方法制造的带涂层胶片的胶层上的光敏照相乳剂层。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB929203350A GB9203350D0 (en) | 1992-02-17 | 1992-02-17 | Polymeric film |
GB9203350.5 | 1992-02-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1082723A true CN1082723A (zh) | 1994-02-23 |
CN1034696C CN1034696C (zh) | 1997-04-23 |
Family
ID=10710545
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93103477A Expired - Fee Related CN1034696C (zh) | 1992-02-17 | 1993-02-17 | 聚合物胶片 |
CN93103478A Expired - Fee Related CN1034697C (zh) | 1992-02-17 | 1993-02-17 | 聚合物胶片 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93103478A Expired - Fee Related CN1034697C (zh) | 1992-02-17 | 1993-02-17 | 聚合物胶片 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5770312A (zh) |
EP (2) | EP0557046B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP3219888B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR100232267B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1034696C (zh) |
AT (2) | ATE187259T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU658473B2 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2089604C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE69327122T2 (zh) |
GB (3) | GB9203350D0 (zh) |
TW (2) | TW279169B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN105667057A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-15 | 马鞍山联洪合成材料有限公司 | 一种发泡型补强胶片生产装置及其生产工艺 |
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US20100154867A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Mechanically reliable solar cell modules |
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JP5984241B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-31 | 2016-09-06 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニーE.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 低ヘイズ性および高耐湿性を有する封入材シートを含む太陽電池モジュール |
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-
1992
- 1992-02-17 GB GB929203350A patent/GB9203350D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-02-12 AU AU32984/93A patent/AU658473B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-02-12 AU AU32985/93A patent/AU658474B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-02-15 GB GB939303019A patent/GB9303019D0/en active Pending
- 1993-02-15 GB GB939303016A patent/GB9303016D0/en active Pending
- 1993-02-16 CA CA002089604A patent/CA2089604C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-16 CA CA002089605A patent/CA2089605C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-16 AT AT93301093T patent/ATE187259T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-16 DE DE69327122T patent/DE69327122T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-16 DE DE69327124T patent/DE69327124T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-16 EP EP93301093A patent/EP0557046B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-16 EP EP93301092A patent/EP0557045B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-16 AT AT93301092T patent/ATE187258T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-17 CN CN93103477A patent/CN1034696C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-17 CN CN93103478A patent/CN1034697C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-17 JP JP02802293A patent/JP3219888B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-17 KR KR1019930002190A patent/KR100232267B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-17 JP JP02801693A patent/JP3295161B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-17 KR KR1019930002191A patent/KR100233631B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-10 TW TW082102689A patent/TW279169B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-10 TW TW082102688A patent/TW239866B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-06-09 US US08/257,460 patent/US5770312A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-04 US US08/283,909 patent/US5411845A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105667057A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-15 | 马鞍山联洪合成材料有限公司 | 一种发泡型补强胶片生产装置及其生产工艺 |
CN105667057B (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-06-29 | 马鞍山联洪合成材料有限公司 | 一种发泡型补强胶片生产装置及其生产工艺 |
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