CN108218418A - 一种高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料 - Google Patents

一种高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料 Download PDF

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CN108218418A
CN108218418A CN201810087107.2A CN201810087107A CN108218418A CN 108218418 A CN108218418 A CN 108218418A CN 201810087107 A CN201810087107 A CN 201810087107A CN 108218418 A CN108218418 A CN 108218418A
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zinc oxide
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徐惠彬
张虎
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可用于干法和湿法成型氧化锌基陶瓷的高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料,上述粉料的用途以及产品,具体包括ZnO粉体和掺杂源,所述混合粉料中掺杂源的质量分数不高于35%;所述掺杂源包括In2O3、Ga2O3、MgO、TiO2、ZrO2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、Co2O3、MnO2、Cr2O3、Al2O3或Al(NO3)2中的一种或多种;所述粉体纯度高于99.99%,所述粉体平均粒径500nm‑1.2μm,D50粒径在50nm‑0.8μm;有效降低了有机单体的使用量,并改善了脱泡的效果,提高了最终产品的致密度和性能。

Description

一种高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料,具体涉及一种可用于干法和湿法成型氧化锌基陶瓷的高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料,本发明同时还涉及上述粉料的用途。
背景技术
氧化锌是一种常用的化学添加剂,广泛地应用于塑料、硅酸盐制品、合成橡胶、润滑油、油漆涂料、药膏、粘合剂、食品、电池、阻燃剂等产品的制作中。氧化锌的能带隙和激子束缚能较大,透明度高,有优异的常温发光性能,在半导体领域的液晶显示器、薄膜晶体管、发光二极管等产品中均有应用。此外,微颗粒的氧化锌作为一种纳米材料也开始在相关领域发挥作用。
氧化锌陶瓷是以氧化锌为主晶相加入适当的掺杂物等制成的一类半导体陶瓷材料。具有优良的非线性系数、压敏电压范围宽(零点几伏到几十千伏)、电压温度系数小、时间响应快、漏电流小等特点。主要原料为氧化锌,掺杂物有氧化铋、氧化钴、氧化锶、氧化钛等。采用一般电子陶瓷工艺制造。可用于制造高压电路中稳压元件和过电压保护元件(如集成电路中的低压压敏电阻器),还可作避雷器之用。
透明导电薄膜是一种既能导电又在可见光范围内具有高透明率的一种薄膜,主要有金属膜系、氧化物膜系、其他化合物膜系、高分子膜系、复合膜系等。金属膜系导电性能好,但是透明率差。透明导电薄膜主要用于光电器件(如LED,薄膜太阳能电池等)的窗口材料。掺杂氧化锌陶瓷是一类重要的透明导电薄膜,它们的禁带宽度大,只吸收紫外光,不吸收可见光,因此称之为“透明”。常见的掺杂氧化锌基陶瓷包括Al、Ga、In、Cr、Ti、Sn、Co等一种或几种掺杂,电导率在10-2Ω·cm-10-4Ω·cm量级,透过率一般在65%-90%。
制备氧化锌基陶瓷一般有干法和湿法成型两类。干法成型包括冷等静压成型、热等静压、热压成型等,湿法成型包括注浆成型、注射成型、注凝成型等。根据制备工艺的不同使用的设备包括常压烧结炉、氧气烧结炉、真空烧结炉、热压炉、热等静压炉等。
制备氧化锌基陶瓷所用的粉料大致分为两种,一种为基于间接法的氧化锌基粉料,一种为基于化学法的氧化锌基粉料。但是上述的两种制备氧化锌基陶瓷所用的粉料存在一定的问题,间接法氧化锌基粉料平均粒径约1.5-2μm,D50粒径在0.8-1μm,纯度约99.99%,可得到不高于相对密度97%的氧化锌基电子陶瓷,即纯度较高,但烧结性能较差;基于化学法的氧化锌基粉料,平均粒径约2.5-3μm,D50粒径在2-3μm,纯度不高于99.9%,可得到不高于相对密度98%的氧化锌基电子陶瓷,即烧结性能尚可,但纯度较低。造成最终烧结得到的氧化锌基陶瓷的性能较低。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种可用于干法和湿法成型氧化锌基陶瓷的高纯度高活性氧化锌基混合粉料,同时还涉及上述粉料的制备方法、成型方法和用途。
本发明完整的技术方案包括:
一种高活性氧化锌混合粉料,包括ZnO粉体和掺杂源,所述混合粉料中掺杂源的质量分数不高于35%;所述掺杂源包括In2O3、Ga2O3、MgO、TiO2、ZrO2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、Co2O3、MnO2、Cr2O3、Al2O3或Al(NO3)2中的一种或多种;所述粉体纯度高于99.99%,所述粉体平均粒径500nm-1.2μm,D50粒径在50nm-0.8μm;
所述掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为如下方案之一:
In2O3:Ga2O3:MgO:TiO2:ZrO2:Bi2O3=1.2:1.5:0.8:1.2:0.3。
In2O3:Ga2O3:Sb2O3:Co2O3:MnO2=1.0:1.4:0.3:1.6:0.8。
In2O3:Ga2O3:Cr2O3:Al(NO3)2=0.8:1.5:0.5:1.2。
所述粉料制备氧化锌陶瓷的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取相应质量的原料粉体,并混合得到复合粉体;
(2)将纯水、丙烯酰胺、N-N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺充分溶解组成预混液,并将分散剂加入预混液;
(3)将复合粉体加入预混液中置于球磨机中球磨制备出浆料,用纯氨水调节浆料的pH值,得到高流动性料浆,再加入有机脱泡剂和引发剂,搅拌脱气,浇注入模具;
(4)浇注模具后将装有浆料的模具升温促使凝胶单体交联固化,固化后湿坯体脱模干燥,得到氧化锌陶瓷素坯;
(5)将素坯在流通空气炉中加热进行脱胶,得到脱胶后的坯料;
(6)将脱胶后的坯料放置于流通空气炉中进行烧结,得到氧化锌陶瓷。
步骤(2)中,将纯水、聚丙烯酸、N-N’二甲基双丙烯酰胺以100:3.5:1.2的重量比例充分溶解组成预混液;将0.05wt%的烧结后无残留的JA-281做分散剂加入预混液。
步骤(3)中,具体方法为将50wt%的复合粉体加入预混液中置于球磨机中球磨30分钟,然后再将剩余的复合粉体放入球磨机中继续球磨40小时,浆料在球磨机中用氧化锆球做球磨介质,球磨制备出粉体体积含量为55%的浆料,用纯氨水调节浆料的pH值到9.5,得到粘度为60-65mPa·s的高流动性料浆;再加入0.3wt%的正辛醇有机脱泡剂和0.1wt‰过硫酸铵引发剂,在搅拌系统中负压搅拌脱气15分钟。
步骤(6)烧结的具体工艺为首先将炉温升至800℃,升温速度不高于1℃/min,并保温不低于2小时,而后升温至1020℃,并保温不低于5小时,升温速度不高于1℃/min;随炉冷却至室温。
所述方法制备的氧化锌陶瓷。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点在于:粉体组成与现有技术的间接法和化学法粉体相比,纯度更高(99.99%以上),粒径更小,最后烧结得到的成品致密度更高(相对密度为98.5%),以更低的杂质含量提高了最后产品的电学性能,更细的粒径则显著降低了有机单体的使用量,并改善了脱泡的效果,使得最终产品的致密度更高;在复合粉体的组成中,对ZnO含量与掺杂源的比例,以及掺杂源中各组分的比例进行了深入设计,得到了使掺杂源中各功能组分的功能性实现最优化的含量,同时考虑到后续的有机单体和分散剂用量,以及烧结温度等参数。并针对粉体的组分、纯度和粒度,设计了优化的单体分散剂用量,预混球磨参数、烧结温度等,提高了生产效率与产品性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:
用数位电子天平称取相应质量的原料粉体,并混合得到复合粉体,该复合粉体中包括ZnO粉体和掺杂源,所述混合粉料中ZnO粉体的质量分数为72%,掺杂源质量分数为28%,所述的掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为In2O3:Ga2O3:MgO:TiO2:ZrO2:Bi2O3=1.2:1.5:0.8:1.2:0.3;
上述复合粉体纯度为99.99%以上,复合粉体平均粒径0.8μm,D50粒径为0.5μm;
将纯水、聚丙烯酸、N-N’二甲基双丙烯酰胺以100:3.5:1.2的重量比例充分溶解组成预混液。
将0.05wt%的烧结后无残留的JA-281做分散剂加入预混液。
将50wt%的复合粉体加入预混液中置于球磨机中球磨30分钟,然后再将剩余的复合粉体放入球磨机中继续球磨40小时,浆料在球磨机中用氧化锆球做球磨介质。球磨制备出粉体体积含量为55%的浆料,即浆料中原料粉体的固相含量55%,用纯氨水调节浆料的pH值到9.5,得到粘度为60-65mPa·s左右的高流动性料浆。再加入0.3wt%的正辛醇有机脱泡剂和0.1wt‰过硫酸铵引发剂,在浇注系统中负压搅拌脱气15分钟,浇注入模具。
浇注模具后将装有浆料的模具放入50℃空气烘箱,升温促使凝胶单体交联固化。固化后湿坯体脱模,在65℃及80%湿度条件下干燥30小时,从而得到高强度无缺陷的氧化锌陶瓷素坯。
将素坯在流通空气炉中加热进行脱胶,首先将炉温升至300℃,升温速度不高于1℃/min,并保温不低于2小时,而后升温至650℃,并保温不低于5小时,升温速度不高于1℃/min。随炉冷却至室温,得到脱胶后的坯料。
将脱胶后的坯料放置于流通空气炉中进行烧结,首先将炉温升至800℃,升温速度不高于1℃/min,并保温不低于2小时,而后升温至1020℃,并保温不低于5小时,升温速度不高于1℃/min。随炉冷却至室温,将烧结体磨光,制造出氧化锌稳压原件。用排水法实测相对密度为98.7%,切样测陶瓷体电阻率为2×10-3Ω·cm,微观结构均匀,不存在真空烧结所导致的陶瓷氧缺乏问题。
实施例2:
用数位电子天平称取相应质量的原料粉体,并混合得到复合粉体,该复合粉体中包括ZnO粉体和掺杂源,所述混合粉料中ZnO粉体的质量分数为78%,掺杂源质量分数为22%,所述的掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为In2O3:Ga2O3:Sb2O3:Co2O3:MnO2=1.0:1.4:0.3:1.6:0.8;
上述复合粉体纯度为99.99%以上,复合粉体平均粒径0.8μm,D50粒径为0.2μm。
其余步骤与实施例1相同,所得用排水法实测相对密度为98.8%,切样测陶瓷体电阻率为3×10-3Ω·cm。
实施例3:
用数位电子天平称取相应质量的原料粉体,并混合得到复合粉体,该复合粉体中包括ZnO粉体和掺杂源,所述混合粉料中ZnO粉体的质量分数为85%,掺杂源质量分数为15%,所述的掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为In2O3:Ga2O3:Cr2O3:Al(NO3)2=0.8:1.5:0.5:1.2;
上述复合粉体纯度为99.99%以上,复合粉体平均粒径1.0μm,D50粒径为0.6μm;
其余步骤与实施例1相同,所得用排水法实测相对密度为98.5%,切样测陶瓷体电阻率为1.5×10-3Ω·cm。
在本发明的三个实施例中,粉体组成与现有技术的间接法和化学法粉体相比,纯度更高(99.99%以上),粒径更小,最后烧结得到的成品致密度更高(相对密度为98.5%),现有技术中对氧化锌电子陶瓷的研究中,集中在材料的个别组分和加工工艺上,目前还没有具体针对粉体的纯度和粒径对最终产品性能的深入研究,本发明从以上两点出发进行深入研究分析,以更低的杂质含量提高了最后产品的电学性能,更细的粒径则显著降低了有机单体的使用量,并改善了脱泡的效果,使得最终产品的致密度更高。
同时粉体的组分对于后续的氧化锌晶粒尺寸、坯体的烧结温度以及产品最终的电性能等参数的影响至关重要,本发明在前述研究的基础上进一步细化,在复合粉体的组成中,对ZnO含量与掺杂源的比例,以及掺杂源中各组分的比例进行了深入设计,得到了使掺杂源中各功能组分的功能性实现最优化的含量。掺杂源在烧结过程中显著抑制了ZnO晶粒的长大,In Ga等组分则降低了烧结温度;In Ga Al等组分提高了陶瓷基体的电性能。
同时本发明的复合粉体组分,也考虑到后续的有机单体和分散剂用量,以及烧结温度等参数。并针对粉体的组分、纯度和粒度,设计了优化的单体分散剂用量,预混球磨参数、烧结温度等,提高了生产效率与产品性能。
以下为本发明工艺与现有技术的效果对比:
参数 现有技术 本发明 对比
纯度 99%-99.99% >99.99%
粒径 1.5-3μm 500nm-1.2μm
有机单体用量 >5% ≯3.5%
烧结温度 >1400℃ 1000-1300℃
电性能 10-1-10-3Ω·cm 10-2-10-4Ω·cm
致密度 ≯98% >98.5%
ZnO晶粒尺寸 >15μm 1-10μm
在一种优选的实施方式中,浇注过程所采用的浇注系统包括罐体、入浆口、出浆口、搅拌装置、缓冲罐、真空泵、电气控制装置;罐体用以盛装浆料并通过搅拌装置搅拌实施脱泡,入浆口和出浆口设于罐体上,缓冲罐连通罐体,真空泵连接缓冲罐并与罐体连通,吊装装置为搅拌装置、罐体、缓冲罐等提供支撑,电气控制装置控制搅拌装置。开启真空泵为罐体内提供负压环境时,搅拌装置搅拌浆料实施脱泡,防止浆料倒吸入真空泵对设备造成损害,在真空泵和罐体之间设置缓冲罐,缓冲罐面向罐体的浆料入口处设有分流尖顶,分流尖顶为圆锥形,尖顶的圆锥面为分流壁,缓冲罐两侧设有储浆槽,分流壁的长度为500mm,储浆槽与分流壁下端的纵向高度差为150mm,横向距离为53mm,分流壁的顶角为80°。该设计针对浆料进入缓冲罐后,有可能堵塞缓冲罐与真空泵之间的接口即真空通道,使得真空泵制造负压的能力下降,影响了罐体内的真空度,使罐体内的负压环境不稳定。当浆料倒吸时,进入缓冲罐的浆料被尖顶分流,并在负压和重力的合力作用下沿着分流壁向下流动,罐体内真空度的要求、浆料的粘度、分流壁的锥度、长度等参数,使得倒吸的浆料在分流壁的末端形成一定的设计流速,分流壁末端与储浆槽的高度差、横向距离也经过设计,使该设计流速下的倒吸浆料完全进入储浆槽,防止其下落到缓冲罐底部堵塞真空泵与缓冲罐的接口,既防止浆料倒吸入真空泵,保证了安全性,又满足了防止缓冲罐口堵塞,以维持正常的罐体负压度的需求,适合罐体内10-2Pa的真空度,以及粘度为60-65mPa·s左右的浆料。
浇注所用模具包括内芯,外模,模具底盘,紧固外模螺栓,紧固内芯螺栓,外模密封圈,内芯密封圈,底部顶出撞锤,过滤网,过滤网提手。过滤网位于模具型腔内,附于外模和内芯的外壁,浇注完成后将过滤网提出浆料,以提高脱泡除气效果。提拉过程中,在模具底部时,由于料浆的静压力较大,此时气泡不易逸出,如果提拉速度过快,可能导致气泡破裂为更细小的气泡,从而漏出过滤网,难以除气,因此此时的提拉速度较慢,以利于过滤网托住气泡上升。在模具上端时,由于静压力较小,气泡不易破裂,此时加快提拉速度以提高生产效率。粘度和固相率与之类似,粘度越大,固相率越高,气泡在料浆中的移动速度越慢,此时以慢速提拉,反之则快速提拉。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高活性氧化锌混合粉料,其特征在于:包括ZnO粉体和掺杂源,所述混合粉料中掺杂源的质量分数不高于35%;所述掺杂源包括In2O3、Ga2O3、MgO、TiO2、ZrO2、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、Co2O3、MnO2、Cr2O3、Al2O3或Al(NO3)2中的一种或多种;所述粉体纯度高于99.99%,所述粉体平均粒径500nm-1.2μm,D50粒径在50nm-0.8μm。
2.权利要求1所述的一种粉料,其特征在于,所述掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为In2O3:Ga2O3:MgO:TiO2:ZrO2:Bi2O3=1.2:1.5:0.8:1.2:0.3。
3.权利要求1所述的一种粉料,其特征在于,所述掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为In2O3:Ga2O3:Sb2O3:Co2O3:MnO2=1.0:1.4:0.3:1.6:0.8。
4.权利要求1所述的一种粉料,其特征在于,所述掺杂源组分按照摩尔比计为In2O3:Ga2O3:Cr2O3:Al(NO3)2=0.8:1.5:0.5:1.2。
5.利用权利要求1-4任一种所述粉料制备氧化锌陶瓷的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)称取相应质量的原料粉体,并混合得到复合粉体;
(2)将纯水、丙烯酰胺、N-N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺充分溶解组成预混液,并将分散剂加入预混液;
(3)将复合粉体加入预混液中置于球磨机中球磨制备出浆料,用纯氨水或有机碱调节浆料的pH值,得到高流动性料浆,再加入有机脱泡剂和引发剂,搅拌脱气,浇注入模具;
(4)浇注模具后将装有浆料的模具升温促使凝胶单体交联固化,固化后湿坯体脱模干燥,得到氧化锌陶瓷素坯;
(5)将素坯在流通空气炉中加热进行脱胶,得到脱胶后的坯料;
(6)将脱胶后的坯料放置于流通空气炉中进行烧结,得到氧化锌陶瓷。
6.权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,将纯水、丙烯酰胺、N-N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺以100:3.5:1.2的重量比例充分溶解组成预混液。
7.权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,将0.05wt%的烧结后无残留的JA-281做分散剂加入预混液。
8.权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,具体方法为将50wt%的复合粉体加入预混液中置于球磨机中球磨30分钟,然后再将剩余的复合粉体放入球磨机中继续球磨40小时,浆料在球磨机中用氧化锆球做球磨介质,球磨制备出粉体体积含量为55%的浆料,用纯氨水调节浆料的pH值到9.5,得到粘度为60-65mPa·s的高流动性料浆;再加入0.3wt%的正辛醇有机脱泡剂和0.1wt‰过硫酸铵引发剂,在搅拌系统中负压搅拌脱气15分钟。
9.权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)烧结的具体工艺为首先将炉温升至800℃,升温速度不高于1℃/min,并保温不低于2小时,而后升温至1020℃,并保温不低于5小时,升温速度不高于1℃/min;随炉冷却至室温。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述方法制备的氧化锌陶瓷。
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