CN1082120C - 热塑性塑料结构件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

热塑性塑料结构件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1082120C
CN1082120C CN94192809A CN94192809A CN1082120C CN 1082120 C CN1082120 C CN 1082120C CN 94192809 A CN94192809 A CN 94192809A CN 94192809 A CN94192809 A CN 94192809A CN 1082120 C CN1082120 C CN 1082120C
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CN1127539A (zh
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V·迪津
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Westlake Canada Inc
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Abstract

一种用于建筑热塑性塑料建筑结构的挤压成形的热塑性塑料长构件(9)，上述构件(9)设有在长度上延伸的供与相配构件滑动互锁结合的相间互锁装置(19)，以及至少一个把上述相间的互锁装置(19)成间隔状态支承的纵长延伸的腹板(24)，上述腹板(24)在上述互锁装置(19)的里面沿其长度相间地开设许多通孔(25)。在其最通常的形式中，构件(9)是有带共挤压成形的光滑表层(22)的增强热塑性塑料挤压成形的芯体(21)，表层(22)包覆其外露表面，构件为直线形，有由在其长度上延伸的相间的腹板(24)连接的相间的平板壁(23)，在至少一个邻接的带沿其长度延伸的内伸互锁装置(19)的长边上设置互相间隔开的壁(23)，以便与相配构件(13)互相结合，至少上述一个腹板(24)上在其长度方向上开出一系列圆形孔(25)，上述孔(25)的周边位于上述内伸互锁装置(19)之间的间隔内。

Description

热塑性塑料结构件及其制造方法
本发明关于热塑性塑料的建筑构件及其制造方法，即关于如何降低本人于1992年5月29日提出的审查中的加拿大专利申请NO2,070,079中所公开的新型热塑性塑料系统和它们的结构件以及由这些结构件建造的建筑结构的成本，同时又不致给其完善性带来不利的影响。
在已提出的用塑料形成壁板等以用于建造结构物中对这些壁板并没有形成实际结构的必要的承载或其它结构要求，它们能以低成本大批制造并能快速容易地组装建造耐久的低成本结构物特别是低成本房屋。
在CANo.2070079中，每一构件不得不分别填充混凝土。
例如，美国专利US3,992,839公开了一种由多个单独板件制成的塑料板，最好是聚氯乙烯塑料板，把它们互相咬合在一起而构成薄壁板。再把这些板咬合在一起而成为墙壁。这样的壁板本身很脆弱，缺乏强度与承载能力，难以形成可供实用的例如形成实用耐久建筑物的墙壁与屋顶的适用的结构件。
美国专利US3,662,507中公开在预制板最好是塑料板上分别使用榫与槽的结构，把它们键接或粘合在一起，主要用于构成基础墙壁。这种壁板不能高速生产，也不能快速简易地互锁以建造房屋或其它结构物。
美国专利USNO4,557,091公开了一种空心板件，其厚度约为1.5英寸(11/2″)，用脉冲挤压(pultrusion)形成复杂内面，其工艺包括在高温下拉拔长玻璃原丝和塑料粘合材料使之强行通过模具而通过塑料粘结方式由玻璃原丝形成致密玻璃垫。这种工艺过慢，价格过高，而且这种板本身也不能提供如本发明所设想的那种可接受的或实际可用的低成本的形成房屋系统墙壁与屋顶的结构物。
亦曾有使用组合钢构件来组合成建筑结构的建议，和美国专利US1,958,124中所公开的那样，这种系统把元件焊接在一起成为构件再用螺栓或其它连接件紧固在一起。这种系统也不能实现本发明的低成本的实用房屋等结构。
EP-A-0320745号公开了一种用于组合式建筑的中空互锁结构件，它可以包括最好是用玻璃纤维增强的挤压热塑性塑料树脂，其重量比最好为30％，如U.S.专利4 536 630号所描述的。由于这种结构件粗糙易磨损、太脆并容易破碎和气候损坏，所以不适于实际的建筑。
本人提出的、正在审查中的结构系统包括各种新型互锁热塑性塑料结构件，它们可以低成本地大批生产并可快速而容易地互锁而建成各种结构，这些结构所需维护极少，可防白蚁、腐蚀、生锈或腐烂，并对天气的影响有较高的抵御能力。
本发明的目的是极大地降低这些构件的成本，及在不损伤构件或系统的结构完善性的条件下用这些构件建造的结构的成本。
本发明的目的还在于在不增加构件生产成本或影响其安装简易性的情况下降低构件本身和由其构成的结构的成本。
本发明的目的还在于提供上述构件，使它们便于把其所建造的墙壁转变为永久性墙壁结构，提高其所建造屋顶的空气循环，并减少墙壁与屋顶的内外表面之间的热传递。
本发明的一种用于建造热塑性塑料建筑结构的空心基本为直线形的热塑性塑料长结构件，上述构件设有由横向壁或腹板保持间隔的平板壁，并有沿长度方向延伸与相配构件结合互锁的互锁装置，其特征在于：上述构件有共挤压成形的空心基体和光滑保护表层，当上述构件与相配构件互锁时上述表层覆盖住上述空心基体的作为外壁的外露表面，当上述构件与相配的构件互锁时作为内壁的上述横向壁或腹板上切去部分材料以形成沿其长度方向相间并在上述互锁装置之内的多个通孔，以便给互锁的构件之间提供内部通路，从壁或腹板上切掉的材料则用作挤压后续构件基体用的材料。
本发明还涉及一种制造适于互锁成建筑结构的热塑性塑料直线形空心长建筑构件的方法，其特征在于：每个上述建筑构件是挤压出含有增强与膨胀控制剂的热塑性塑料的基体和覆盖在上述构件与相配构件互锁时作为外露壁的上述构件壁的光滑热塑性塑料表层的共挤压件，挤压之后，在与相配构件互锁时形成为内壁的上述构件壁上开设通孔，并将切下的上述内壁材料用作挤压成形后面构件时的基体材料。
按照本发明，各建筑结构件包括纵长的热塑性塑料挤压成形件，其上设有相互分开的互锁装置，最好是相互分开的沿其长度延伸的向内的互锁装置以便与相邻的配合构件的配合互锁装置滑动地锁定结合，上述挤压成形件至少有一个支持互锁装置的纵向腹板，并相间地在腹板上设有多个沿腹板长度相间的向互锁装置内部切出的开口。
按照本发明的最佳形态，各开口为圆形，最好直径一致，而且最好开口的直径小于互锁装置之间的距离，但占有其大部尺寸。
本发明的结构件最好是用氯乙烯尤其聚氯乙烯挤压成形的，材料包含增强剂与膨胀控制剂，它们最好是自矿物纤维、短玻璃纤维和碳酸钙中选出的一种或多种。
特别是挤压成形构件中有包含上述增强剂与膨胀控制剂的聚氯乙烯芯，并与热塑性塑料的覆盖表面层共挤压而成，该表面层在组装到建筑结构中时露在外面。
进而本发明中，在构件刚挤压成型还在从挤压机排出的过程中就在至少一个构件的腹板上穿出许多孔。
在本发明中，还把从腹板上去掉的材料回收作为芯部挤压材料而重新利用。
本发明与CANo.2070079的主要区别在于，当构件与相配构件互锁时，作为内壁的横向壁的芯体能显著地节约材料成本，而同时能提供遍及壁的长度的混凝土流动通道，以方便浇注操作，并且，同时以互锁关系结合各构件。
关于这一点，可以理解当构件互锁在一起以形成壁结构时，混凝土可以流入一构件，来流经整个壁，减少了所需时间，方便了混凝土的浇注。
在本发明中，对于在互锁构件之间流动的混凝土而言，该混凝土保证了在构件之间没有分隔。另外，芯体也允许增强件沿壁的长度方向延伸，而不仅仅限于在各个构件内部。
还有，如果没有提供共挤压成形表层，从横向壁切下的材料将不会被用作构件的生产。可是，由于基体是被光滑表层覆盖的，切掉的材料可被重新磨细并用于随后形成其它构件的基体材料。而基体上的任何瑕疵都会被互锁时覆盖构件和壁的外表面的覆盖表层而隐藏起来。
从参照附图而作出的下面详细说明中将能了解本发明的这些与其它特点，其中：
图1是用作为本发明主题的互锁热塑性塑料结构件建造的小屋的立体图。
图2是表示体现本发明安装在混凝土基座上的墙板的部分剖去的立体图，它将通过适当的固定杆收纳要固定在基座上的混凝土或其它固定材料。
图3是表示部分墙壁的立体图，它示出一对与箱式连接器互锁接合的壁板，所示出的构件包含外敷光滑热塑性塑料表面的外露层的芯部，为了显示清楚将外面层的厚度略加放大。
图4是表示相应于图3中壁板的多个屋顶板的立体图，它体现了本发明的使用四方位箱形连接器的连接，该四方位箱式连接器适于与屋顶上面连接也适于与屋顶面之下的其它构件结合。
图5是表示与两个互相对准的壁板和第3个与之成直角的壁板互锁连接的3方位箱形连接器的俯视图。
图6是表示成直角地连接两壁板的角部箱形连接器的立体图。
图7是表示把4个壁板连接成直角关系的4方位箱形连接器的立体图。
图8是表示具有与相配合插件互锁接合的内锁定爪的略作改进的2方位箱形连接件的立体图。
图9是与图8类似的视图，但表示的是3方位箱形连接器。
图10是本发明的具有一个内部腹板的壁板立体图。
图11是无内腹板的壁板立体图。
图12是表示本发明的箱形连接器的立体图。
图13是表示本发明的取向倾斜壁盖之下的立体图。
图14是取自上侧的图13壁盖的立体图。
图15是表示本发明的结构件的挤制状态并在挤制后在腹板上钻出通孔的示意图。
图16是表示图15中所挤出的特定箱形连接器的剖视图。
优选实施例的详细描述
应该明白虽然只在图3中示出了在壁板和箱形连接器的外露面上共挤压出外表面，但所有的壁板与箱形连接器都可以有这种外表面，只是对于如图12中的箱形连接器之类的构件，它们在组装入建筑结构中时无外露表面，该结构在挤制时无任何敷层。
参见附图，图1是作为一个典型建筑例的房屋1的立体图，它可用本发明的热塑性塑料互锁建筑构件建造，由这些构件组装出墙壁2、屋顶3并设有门4和窗5。
如图1所示的建筑是建在图2所示的混凝土基座6上的，图2示出在沿箭头A方向把混凝土等物浇灌到壁2的内部时是如何借助固定杆7把建筑物的墙壁2固定到混凝土基座6上的。可以使用诸如板条6′之类的适宜结构以使混凝土不从墙壁2的下面溢出。
在图3中特别示出了用箱形连接器9互锁连接的壁板8而构成墙壁2，图3中示出其中之一。
共同未决的加拿大发明专利申请NO2,070,079中所公开的每个壁板8都是有芯体10和共挤压成形的外表面11的空心直线热塑性塑料挤压件。
芯体10最好包含氯乙烯尤其是聚氯乙烯，其中含有适当地诸如矿物或其它纤维的增强或膨胀控制剂或其它公知的膨胀控制剂，例如碳酸钙。
特别适用于承受高载荷的本发明结构件的增强剂或组分包括短纤维，当它们粘结在热塑性材料例如氯乙烯或聚氯乙烯中时能提供所需的增强与膨胀控制特性从而提高结构强度。
美国俄亥俄州Akron的B.F.Goodrich公司的商标名FIBERLOC的材料适于作生产这些壁板8的与短玻璃纤维结合的材料，这种材料在B.F.Goodrich的美国专利US4,536,360中已有详尽描述，其中，可把细而短的玻璃纤维粘合在氯乙烯树脂组分中。
在PVC或其它热塑性材料中存在玻璃纤维在提高材料拉伸强度和膨胀控制性能的同时也给挤压工艺带来问题，若它们过大与过份集中则会导致材料不能挤出。最好，纤维直径约为几微米，长几毫米，其密集度所结合的玻璃纤维与氯乙烯树脂的重量百分比不大于最好要低于约35％。
玻璃纤维的存在会带来脆性，它使只用玻璃纤维增强塑料制成的结构在受到冲击时可能产生裂纹。这种可能性随着玻璃纤维的浓度增加而加大。
在使用玻璃纤维作为增强成分而利用它们的有利的增强性能以提高承载能力时所遇到的各种问题已然通过与玻璃增强热塑性塑料共同挤压出覆盖着壁板外露表面的光滑热塑性塑料层而得到解决。
光滑塑料层可以是PVC、硬PVC、半硬PVC、ABS、带热塑性塑料的聚碳酸酯可从G.E.公司购到商标为GELOY和NORYL。
该表层11有多种用途。由于在芯体或基底10中有玻璃纤维存在使基底有些变脆，使其表面粗糙并使突出于基底表面的玻璃纤维受到磨损而在基底上产生一些孔洞使之使易受潮气侵蚀，就会给玻璃纤维与热塑性材料之间的结合带来不利的影响。
共挤压成形的热塑性塑料表层覆盖并密封住构件的外露面，能防止潮气侵入，故可以保持玻璃纤维对基底塑料结合的完善性。而且，外表层11不仅覆盖住外露的玻璃纤维，而且使这些外露的玻璃纤维埋置于热塑性材料中，故构件的外表面是完全光滑的。而已埋置于外表层中的玻璃纤维又会把该表层锁定在基底或芯体10上，把外表层的伸缩固定在芯体伸缩的程度上，而由于具有比塑性小得多的膨胀系数的结合纤维的加入芯体的伸缩是受控制而且是有限的。
亦应明了，表层11还可含有抗冲击，抗紫外照射等成分而形成。
这样，将共挤压芯体或基底10与光滑表层11相结合就能提供具备固有结构强度的壁板，它们基本无需维护，并能抗冲击、抗腐蚀、不腐烂或生锈、防潮、防白蚁与其它昆虫。
虽然使用玻璃纤维可提供承受高载荷时所需的强度，但在壁板所受载荷较轻时芯体10也可由合有约5％到50％碳酸钙而最好是约5％到30％碳酸钙重量百分比的氯乙烯来制造。
此外，也可以使用氯化钙与玻璃纤维或诸如矿物纤维的其它增强剂的混合物，以适应壁板所需的特定负载要求。
如图3所示，每个壁板8上设置两个横向的腹板12，它们把介于壁板边壁14之间的壁板相对表面13连结在一起。
与每个边壁14邻接的壁板8上设置内向相对延伸的定位槽15，使壁板宽度从定位槽15向外到边壁14有所减小，于是在实际上就提供了一个榫部16。
当以提供大量生产的房屋时的成本作为首要因素时，已经发现借助于沿腹板12和边壁14的长度上相间地开设一系列孔口17可大大地降低成本中的材料成本。
所切除的材料被收集起来并在后续挤压芯体时重加利用。
孔口17最好为圆形孔，其直径略小于槽15的最邻近点18之间的距离。
各孔17以边壁14的中点为中心并位于壁板面13之间，各孔穿过边壁板14及腹板12而不与在挤压成形件的整个长度上连续地延伸的槽15发生干扰。
再看图3，其中壁板8与具有伸出的凸缘19的成空心矩形形状挤压成形的箱形连接件9互锁，凸缘19的端部相对地形成内弯定位锁定爪20以便与壁板8的槽15滑动地互锁在一起。
箱形连接件9是芯体21与外表层22共挤压成形的，并使外表层覆盖墙壁23的外表面，凸缘19和锁定爪20。
由于挤压成矩形箱形连接器9有自身形体强度，其芯体21可包括PVC树脂和(例如)碳酸钙作为膨胀控制剂和增强剂，自然也可以使用包括短玻璃纤维和各种添加剂混合物的其它添加剂。
应该指出，用外层22包覆的箱形连接器9的墙壁23的外表面是与被容纳在内弯锁定爪20和箱形连接器的横向壁或腹板24之间的空间中的带有壁板榫部16的壁板面13的外表面准确地对齐的。
箱形连接器上也设有一系列穿通横向壁或腹板24的孔25。这些孔也是圆形，其中心位于箱形连接器的横向壁或腹板24的中点上并沿其长度间隔配置，各孔直径大致等于但要小于内弯锁定爪20之间的距离，以使在钻孔25期间不会与锁定爪相交。
还可以看出，壁板锁定槽15是包覆在光滑的共挤出表层11中的，借以提供一个与覆盖光滑表层的锁定爪20顺利滑动互锁接合的光滑表面。而且，形成壁板边壁14的榫16的外面敷盖光滑面层11，最好使这些表面略凹以消除与箱形连接器的横向腹板或壁24的任何干扰现象。
从箱形连接器各壁或腹板24上切下的材料还可以加以收集并再次用作后续的箱形连接器的挤压材料。
已经发现，例如，在表面13间壁板宽100毫米、孔径70毫米、间距12.7毫米时可极大地节约乙烯挤压件的材料与成本，又不致很大地影响板的结构强度，从而当把混凝土像图2中所示的那样灌浇到其中而使壁板成为永久墙结构时，使处于张力作用下的壁板的腹板与边壁呈现出足够的束缚板面13的拉伸强度使之不会在混凝土负荷作用下向外凸出。
除了节约材料消耗以外，孔17和25的设置还可以限制壁板8的外面或露出表面13与箱形连接器9的外露面23之间的热传导。结果，各构件就在如图1中所示的内外壁之间提供较大的绝热性能。
图4示出了一种屋顶板26的配置，它是用四方位箱形连接器27而不是如图3中的那种2方位连接器9互锁连接的，它可用于提供如图1中所示的光滑屋顶。
4方位箱形连接器27提供覆盖屋顶上表面的互锁屋顶及用于结合或支撑着屋顶下面结构。
屋顶板26与壁板8相似，可以理解，它们也是同时挤压出芯体和覆盖其外表面的共挤外层的(未示出其各分层)。
按照屋顶结构的预测负荷适当地选择用作屋顶板26芯体的增强剂或各种添加剂。
对于各种高负荷，其增强剂最好是至少包含某些细微直径的短玻璃纤维。
和壁板8的情况相同，屋顶板26也在相对的纵长边缘上形成向内相对地延伸的定位锁定槽28和边榫29，以便与位于箱形连接器27的凸缘伸出部31上的内弯锁定爪30滑动互锁结合。在箱形连接器27上设有类似的内弯锁定爪30，它们伸出于互锁屋顶板之上或之下。
屋顶板26上有穿通它们的边榫29和腹板33的圆孔32，与壁板8上开出的圆孔或孔口17相应。同样地，4方位箱形连接器27上有在其上切出的圆孔34，它们与2方位箱形连接器的孔口25相应。
在由热塑性塑料构件形成的屋顶结构中，非常希望在屋顶结构中有效地进行空气循环。在这方面，开出的孔32、34在长形空心挤压屋顶构件可有效地进行纵向空气循环之外还可提供空气的自由横向循环。
此外，还应该理解，屋顶板及其相连的箱形连接器上的开孔限制了从屋顶上面到下面的热传导。从而由各构件提供了附加的绝热。还应该知道，如果需要的话，屋顶板和连接器还可以充以合适的隔绝材料。
尽管由于在屋顶板上开圆孔32而去掉一些材料，腹板33提供了经得住屋顶板高载荷所需的屋顶板弯曲强度，它由于互相结合的板榫29、箱形连接器凸缘31和锁定爪30而有所增加。
图5是表示利用3方位箱形连接器35把3个壁板8连接成T形的俯视图。3方位箱形连接器在其3个壁上有孔25，这使得如箭头36所示把材料(可以是混凝土，砂或隔绝材料)导入箱形连接器35中时材料能通过各孔口流入壁板中。如图中所示，T形的一股用与一个壁板8的榫16和槽15互锁的端帽C封闭，以把全部材料包容在该壁板与箱形连接器的外壁之内。
同样，希望把隔绝材料引入如图4所示的互锁的屋顶板中，这些材料借助于各开孔注入并分布在屋顶结构之中。由于孔间距离远小于孔的直径，在相邻的互锁构件上所开出的孔或开口之间总会有足够的对准。
图6示出把两个壁板8连接成直角关系的角部箱形连接器37。和以前一样，箱形连接器37具有挤压成适宜形状的芯体和共挤压出的外层，其上设有在毗连的侧面上的所需的内弯锁定爪38，并开出圆孔39，其中心在这些内弯锁定爪之间，其直径小于锁定爪之间的间距。
图7示出把4个壁板8互锁连接成直角关系的4方位锁定连接器40。在这种情况下，连接器40在其所有四边上都有内弯锁定爪41，并在其所有4边上开出圆孔。
应该了解，该连接器40由带外露表面的加强芯体构成，其锁定爪41及其支承凸缘42敷着光滑的表层。
应该注意到，在各挤压成形构件上开孔的配置是使各孔在被组装结构与适当的配合构件滑动互锁时位于该结构外壁之内。
图10示出了壁板8′的立体图，它与壁板8对应，但跨度较小且只有一个腹板12′。其它方面均与壁板8相同，类似的部位则使用相同的附图标记。
同样，图11示出了可用于墙角的更小的壁板80。壁板80内部无腹板，它像壁板8那样也有相同的互锁特性和相同的开孔，相同的附图标记则代表相同的部位。
图8示出了与箱形连接器9对应的2方位箱形连接器9′，但它有包括外伸锁定爪43构成的内导键，用来与配对的插入件(末示出)滑动地互锁结合。
图9是与箱形连接器35类似的3方位箱形连接器35′的立体图，但它有包括外伸锁定爪44的内滑道，用以支持内插件(未示出)。
图13、14示出用于装配在诸如壁板8的各壁板的顶部与诸如箱形连接器9的各箱形连接器顶部上的壁帽45，它提供一个斜支承面46，用来支承如图1中3所示的倾斜的屋顶。
壁帽45为一空心挤压成形件，它有适于安置在所建立墙壁上端的底壁47和形成用于夹住墙壁相对面13的互锁装置的下伸凸缘48。
自底壁47向上延伸的腹板49和50支持着倾斜的上面46，而腹板50高度比腹板49大。
壁帽45在斜壁46的下侧设有腔室51，腔室有可以用盖板等(未示出)加以封闭的通槽52。在相反一侧的壁帽上有封闭的腔室53和一个开口腔54。
按照本发明，底壁47和斜壁46上穿有圆孔55。对于此特定的构件，开孔直径小于凸缘48之间的间距而大于腹板49与50的间距，以便在切削孔55时去掉腹板49、50的一部分而给腔室51、54提供进入孔56、57。
由于当帽盖45安装到位时底壁47和倾斜上壁46是不外露的，故在这些表面上不必敷上覆盖层。然而对其它外露表面则应在芯体材料上共挤压出表层以提供所需的光滑表面。
图12示出的是把箱形连接器连接在一起用的挤压成形件，在安装好后是完全封闭的、而且没有需要敷盖的外露面。
如图中所示，该箱形连接件58有腹板59，其上有两个内凹槽60的相互隔开的朝外的槽路，凹槽宽度应使其与诸如两相邻箱形连接器9的锁定爪相接合时能容纳爪20。在此状态下，连接器58将把箱形连接器锁定在一起并完全包容在邻接的箱形连接器凸缘和邻接的互锁爪中。
腹板59上开设许多圆孔61，其直径大致等于但略小于两槽路60之间的间距。连接件58最好由聚氯乙烯挤压成形，但由于它不受什么大的载荷，其增强剂的量(如果有的话)也可以很少。又由于其位置是封闭的，故无需提供要另敷表层的外露面。
图15是表示制造本发明挤压成形件的方法的示意图，还示出了具有芯体21和共挤压外层22的直的箱形连接器9，其上还开设圆孔25。
如图所示，具有所需成分以形成箱形连接器9芯体的热塑性材料62从料斗63供入适宜的挤压模(未示出)中，并由此排出一个具有所需截面形状的连续流。同时，从料斗65供入适于作共挤压表层的材料64，进行共挤压使之覆盖箱形连接器的外露表面。
在共挤压成形的芯体与表层连续地从挤压模装置中排出时，用安置在导轨68上往复水平运动的滑座67上所装的适宜的旋转钻头66钻出孔25。
滑座67的运动是当箱形连接器挤出件从挤压机中排出时滑座以相同的速度离开挤压装置，这样就使得在钻孔期间挤出件与钻头在挤出件排出方向上没有相对运动。一旦孔钻成，则退出钻头，快速地向排出挤出件方向的后方返回到起始位置，并以与挤出件排出速度相同的速度运动，重新开始一个新的钻孔循环。
钻头的配置应使得在它们退出时能把从挤压成形件上切下的材料带走，使其落入收集盘69中并用适当的传送装置70将其返回到芯体材料料斗63中。
在挤压与钻孔之后，可按照所用建筑结构的特性将该箱形连接器挤压成形物切成所需的各种长度。
使用如上所述的本发明的结构件，其上所切下的材料可再次利用，能使房屋之类的建造成本的节约达到25％，还能以较低的、进料量大大增加房屋类建筑的生产。
虽然已示出并说明了几种不同的结构件，但应该理解，本发明的各种原则还可用于生产其它各种结构件，以便满足所需建筑结构形状的生产要求。还应该理解，在不脱离后附的诸 的范围或本发明精神实质的条件下，还可在构件结构细节上做出各种变型，也可对所切去的材料做另外的安排。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于建造热塑性塑料建筑结构的空心基本为直线形的热塑性塑料长结构件(8，8’，9，9’，26，27，35，35’，37，40，80)，上述构件设有由横向壁或腹板保持间隔的平板壁，并有沿长度方向延伸与相配构件结合互锁的互锁装置，其特征在于：上述构件有共挤压成形的空心基体(10，21)和光滑保护表层(11，22)，当上述构件与相配构件互锁时上述表层覆盖住上述空心基体的作为外壁(13，23)的外露表面，当上述构件与相配的构件互锁时作为内壁的上述横向壁或腹板(12，14，24)上切去部分材料以形成沿其长度方向相间并在上述互锁装置(15，19，20)之内的多个通孔(17，25)，以便给互锁的构件之间提供内部通路，从壁或腹板(12，14，24)上切掉的材料则用作挤压后续构件基体用的材料。
2.如权利要求1中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述基体(10，21)的材料是含有增强与膨胀控制剂的聚氯乙烯。
3.如权利要求2中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述基体(10，21)中含有先前挤压成形构件的壁与腹板上切下的材料。
4.如前述任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料建筑构件，其特征在于：上述基体(10，21)中的上述增强与膨胀控制剂选自矿物纤维、玻璃纤维和碳酸钙。
5.如上面任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述开孔为圆形，其直径小于上述互锁装置(15，19，20)之间的距离。
6.如权利要求5中所述的热塑性塑料挤压成形建筑构件，其特征在于：上述开孔直径相同，中心位于上述相间的互锁装置(15，19，20)之间的中心线上并在其上均匀间隔，开孔直径小于上述相间的互锁装置之间的距离但占据其大部。
7.如上面任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述构件包括长板(8，8’，9，9’，26，27，35，35’，37，40，80)和包括腹板(14)的上述横向腹板，它们在上述基本为平壁之间延伸并形成确定出在上述板状边壁之间的上述板之内的内间隔的至少一个腹板(12，12’)和上述板的长边壁，上述互锁装置包括在邻近每个上述板状边壁的基本为平面的壁上并沿其整个长度延伸的向里伸出相对的定位槽(15)，在基本为平壁之间的间隔中自槽的外部收缩而生成一个锁定榫(16)，并在上述各腹板上设置上述开孔。
8.如权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述构件包括空心长矩形的箱形连接器(9)、两个上述基本为平面壁构成的相对的壁(23)和两个由上述横向腹板构成的壁(24)。
9.如权利要求1中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述构件包括角部箱形连接器(37)，并在与相配的构件互锁成直角关系而变成内壁的壁上制出开孔(39)。
10.如权利要求1中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述构件为三方位箱形连接器(35’)，在与相配的构件互锁时变为内壁的壁上形成开孔(25)。
11.如权利要求1中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述构件包括四方位箱形连接器(4)，它在与相配的构件互锁时变为内壁的壁上形成开孔。
12.如以上任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述光滑表层(11，22)的材料选自PVC、硬PVC、半硬PVC，ABS或聚碳酸酯。
13.如以上任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述基体(5，10，21)材料包括含有约5％到约50％碳酸钙的聚氯乙烯。
14.如权利要求13中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述基体含有约5％到约30％重量比的碳酸钙。
15.如以上任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述表层(11，22)的厚度至少为约0.015英寸数量级，上述基体(5，10，21)厚度数量级至少为上述表层厚度的约4～5倍。
16.如以上任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：每个上述构件的相对壁之间的距离数量级为数十倍于上述基体(5，10、21)和表层(11，22)的总厚度。
17.如权利要求16中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：每个上述构件的相对壁间的距离为约4英寸的数量级。
18.如以上任一权利要求中所述的热塑性塑料的长建筑构件，其特征在于：从各壁和腹板上切下来的材料量占在移去切掉材料之前的上述构件材料量相当大的比例。
19.如权利要求19中所述的热塑性塑料长建筑构件，其特征在于：上述相当大的比例为高达约25％的重量。
20.一种制造适于互锁成建筑结构的热塑性塑料直线形空心长建筑构件(8，8’，9，9’，26，27，35，35’，37，40，80)的方法，其特征在于：每个上述建筑构件是挤压出含有增强与膨胀控制剂的热塑性塑料的基体(10，21)和覆盖在上述构件与相配构件互锁时作为外露壁(13，23)的上述构件壁的光滑热塑性塑料表层(11，22)的共挤压件，挤压之后，在与相配构件互锁时形成为内壁(12，14，24)的上述构件壁上开设通孔(17，25)，并将切下的上述内壁材料用作挤压成形后面构件时的基体材料。
21.如权利要求20中所述的方法，其特征在于：上述芯体材料是含有选自碳酸钙、矿物纤维和短玻璃纤维的增强与膨胀控制剂的聚氯乙烯。
22.如权利要求20或21中所述的方法，其中，上述光滑热塑性塑料表层材料选自聚氯乙烯、硬聚氯乙烯、ABS和聚碳酸酯。
CN94192809A 1993-05-28 1994-05-25 热塑性塑料结构件及其制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1082120C (zh)

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