CN108159187A - 一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法 - Google Patents
一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108159187A CN108159187A CN201810061314.0A CN201810061314A CN108159187A CN 108159187 A CN108159187 A CN 108159187A CN 201810061314 A CN201810061314 A CN 201810061314A CN 108159187 A CN108159187 A CN 108159187A
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- leaf
- wolfberry leaf
- wolfberry
- matrimony vine
- extraction
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种从枸杞叶中提取枸杞黄酮的方法,鲜枸杞叶清洗、杀青、打浆除去木质素及粗纤维得枸杞叶浆,将酶解后的枸杞叶浆加入萃取系统,完成萃取的枸杞叶浆过滤、浓缩,加入70%的酒精,分离得清液,清液回收酒精后进一步分离提纯得黄酮。本发明得到枸杞黄酮外,还得到枸杞膳食纤维、枸杞蛋白粉、生物碱、叶绿素等其它枸杞功能性成分,提高枸杞叶的利用率,将原料做到吃干榨尽;本发明提取工艺节能、环保,得到的提取物纯度高、成本低。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于生物提取领域,具体地说是涉及一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法。
技术背景:
枸杞(Lycium)是茄科(Solanaceae)多年生落叶小灌木,在医药、食品领域中具有重要的应用价值。枸杞的传统药用部位是果实即枸杞子,具有悠久的开发利用历史。除果实外,叶片、嫩茎等也具有很高的医疗保健功效。枸杞叶含有大量的蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素、黄酮类化合物、生物碱、萜类化合物等多种营养成分和活性物质,具有广泛的生物学活性,在食品添加剂、配料以及功能性食品领域具有较大的开发潜力和广阔的市场前景。
枸杞的嫩茎叶统称枸杞叶,俗称天精草、地仙苗[1]。祖国医学认为,枸杞叶性凉、味甘、微苦,具有除烦益志、坚筋耐老、补虚益精、养肝明目、除热毒、散疮肿、补五劳七伤、去皮肤骨节间风等功效。现代医药学研究表明,枸杞叶含有丰富的营养成分和活性物质,具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖、预防心血管疾病、预防白内障、清除自由基、促进益生菌细胞生长、抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗癌、抗衰老、耐缺氧、抗微生物感染等功能。枸杞叶丰富的生物活性成分和独特的营养保健功能,使其在食品工业中具有广阔的开发应用前景。枸杞叶中的某些营养成分和活性物质有望成为良好的食品添加剂。
目前枸杞叶的深加工和开发应用尚十分有限,主要存在以下问题:a.以枸杞叶为原料的食品配料或添加剂寥寥无几;b.枸杞叶生物活性成分可开发、生产技术创新缓慢,规模较小。以枸杞叶为原料简单地、直接地做茶、做菜,虽然具有一定的经济效益,但是科技附加值较低,产品缺乏现代科学支撑和国际水准,很难深入发掘枸杞叶的药用价值和营养保健功效,经济、社会效益不够显著。
目前有关枸杞叶生物活性成分提取的报道较少,且全部处于实验室研究阶段。黄欣等以70%乙醇做溶剂,于65℃回流3次,每次2h,得到青海枸杞叶提取物。刘志勤等先将枸杞叶置70%乙醇中浸泡24h,然后超声波提取30min得到黄酮提取液。邹耀洪以丙酮为溶剂,回流提取2h,提取物经石油醚脱色后过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮柱吸附,用水洗去不吸附物,再用30%二甲基甲酰胺水溶液解吸得到洗脱液,制得枸杞叶黄酮类化合物。Terauchi等用含有0.1%KOH的95%甲醇回流提取3h得到含有枸杞甙I、II、III的提取液。Yeh等采用浸提法和微波提取法得到枸杞叶提取液。
枸杞叶中的5种黄酮类化合物,分别为5,7,3-三羟基-6,4,5-三甲氧基黄酮、金合欢素(4-甲氧基-5,7-二羟基黄酮)、金合欢素-7-O-L-鼠李糖基(1%6)--D-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素(5,7,3,4-四羟基黄酮)和芦丁,其质量百分比含量依次为0.0695%、0.0674%、0.0525%、0.0421%和0.0487%;枸杞叶中芦丁的含量高于茎和根皮。进一步研究表明,这5种黄酮类化合物中木犀草素抗氧化活性较强,优于合成抗氧化剂3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲基苯。
然而,现有的枸杞叶生物活性成分提取研究不能满足工业化生产需求,主要存在以下共性问题:a.未从工业化、大规模生产角度探讨提取工艺。现有的枸杞叶提取工艺大多数采用传统的回流提取或煮沸提取方法,提取时间较长,能耗较大,效率较低。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术的不足,开发枸杞叶深加工的方法,提出一种高效、节能、环保、高纯度的从枸杞叶中提取枸杞黄酮的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)新鲜枸杞叶清洗、杀青、打浆除去木质素及粗纤维得枸杞叶浆,然后在得到的枸杞叶浆中添加果胶酶、纤维素酶进行酶解,打浆前加入原料重量的2%的碳酸钙,以防止枸杞叶中的有机酸对叶绿素造成破坏。
2)将酶解后的枸杞叶浆加入萃取系统,加入萃取剂,进行密闭萃取,萃取压力保持在0.1—10Mpa,达到平衡时将萃取剂回收进解析罐,降压汽化使提取物析出,回收萃取剂,收集叶绿素提取物,经过若干级萃取,完成萃取的枸杞叶浆则从萃取罐底放出;所述萃取剂是1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)、丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷(R600a)、正己烷、环己烷、戊烷、庚烷、二甲醚(DME)、液化石油气(LPG)、二氧化碳和六氟化硫中的一种;所述萃取系统为多级逆流萃取系统;所述密闭萃取是指在密闭条件下开启回流和搅拌进行萃取,萃取压力保持在0.4—0.5Mpa;萃取时可加入夹带剂;所述回收萃取剂是通过压缩机进行回收,而非;经过萃取,使叶绿素等脂溶性杂质与枸杞叶浆分离,达到目标提取物脱色的目的。
3)步骤2)收集到的叶绿素提取物进行真空脱溶,直到提取物萃取剂残留量低于50ppm,收集得到叶绿素提取物,用铜或锌取代叶绿素中的镁,用浓度为0.1315%的醋酸铜、硫酸锌溶液,于pH值为9,浸泡30分钟,制备成叶绿素铜钠盐或叶绿素锌钠盐,可以长期保持绿色,进一步制成叶绿素铜钠盐或叶绿素锌钠盐的微囊粉末。
4)步骤2)完成萃取从最后一级萃取罐底放出的枸杞叶浆经过真空脱溶,直到萃取剂残留量低于50ppm,收集枸杞叶浆备用;
5)收集的枸杞叶浆进行过滤,得枸杞叶浆渣和清液,清液浓缩,得浓缩液;
6)浓缩液中加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,静置,分离出沉淀物和清液;
7)清液回收酒精后用非极性和弱极性大孔树脂进一步分离提纯得黄酮;清液经大孔树脂吸附后剩余的残液用来提取生物碱;大孔树脂洗脱液浓缩、干燥即得枸杞叶黄酮,可进一步进行纯化。
用步骤5)所述的枸杞叶浆渣经干燥、粉碎制成枸杞膳食纤维。
将步骤6)分离出的沉淀物干燥、粉碎即得枸杞蛋白多糖粉;步骤6)所述沉淀物进一步分离可得枸杞叶多糖和枸杞叶蛋白质。
一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)干燥的枸杞叶、枸杞叶茶、枸杞芽茶粉碎后加入萃取系统,加入萃取剂和夹带剂,进行密闭萃取,经过若干级萃取,回收萃取剂,降压汽化收集萃取物,完成萃取的枸杞叶粉则从萃取罐底取出;从枸杞叶茶和芽茶提取收集的萃取物中制备叶绿素铜钠盐和叶绿素锌钠盐;
2)从萃取罐底放出的枸杞叶浆经过真空脱溶,直到萃取剂残留量低于50ppm;
3)收集的枸杞叶粉加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,在60~90℃下提取1~3h,过滤得到提取液Ⅰ;滤渣加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,在60~90℃下提取1~3h,过滤得到提取液Ⅱ;
4)合并提取液Ⅰ和Ⅱ,回收酒精后进一步分离提纯得黄酮和剩余的残液。
用提纯黄酮后剩余的残液经离子交换或大孔树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱。
用枸杞叶提取的叶绿素铜钠盐、叶绿素锌钠盐、黄酮、蛋白多糖、膳食纤维、甜菜碱中的一种或多种,配合其它功能性辅料和助剂制成枸杞功能颗粒冲剂、咀嚼片、胶囊、含片、口服液、饮料等。
用枸杞生物碱的提取方法中得到的透过液经过成分调整后接种酵母种子液进行发酵繁殖、收集细胞、干燥而成饲料酵母。
本发明取得以下有益效果:
1.本发明得到枸杞黄酮外,还得到枸杞膳食纤维、枸杞蛋白粉、生物碱、叶绿素等其它枸杞功能性成分,提高枸杞叶的利用率,将原料做到吃干榨尽。
2.利用枸杞新鲜枝叶为原料,进行黄酮的提取,在枸杞生长季节随时可以提取。枸杞叶不用烘干储备,节能,便捷,大幅降低生产成本;尤其是在枸杞树夏季修剪的徒长枝叶以及抹除、摘心的嫩枝叶,量大、集中,可规模化生产,变废为宝。
3.本发明萃取剂采用1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)、丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷(R600a)、正己烷、环己烷、戊烷、庚烷、二甲醚(DME)、液化石油气(LPG)、二氧化碳和六氟化硫中的一种,加压萃取,萃取效率高;萃取剂降压汽化释放萃取物,而非蒸馏方式,萃取物分离方式节能;萃取剂用压缩机进行回收,更节能、更环保。
4.本发明得到的提取物纯度高、成本低。
具体实施例
实施例1
1)称取100kg新鲜枸杞叶,清洗、微波或热水杀青、打浆除去木质素及粗纤维得90kg枸杞叶浆,然后在得到的枸杞叶浆中添加果胶酶、纤维素酶进行酶解,打浆前加入原料重量的2%的碳酸钙,中和叶浆中的有机酸,以防止枸杞叶中的有机酸对叶绿素造成破坏。
2)将酶解后的枸杞叶浆加入逆流萃取系统,加入丁烷,进行密闭萃取,萃取压力保持在0.5Mpa,达到平衡时将丁烷打入上一级萃取罐,经过若干级萃取,直到饱和,将丁烷回收进解析罐,降压汽化使提取物析出,通过压缩机回收丁烷,收集叶绿素提取物,完成萃取的枸杞叶浆则从最后一级萃取罐底放出;萃取时可加入乙酸乙酯为夹带剂;经过萃取,使叶绿素等脂溶性杂质与枸杞叶浆彻底分离,脱色更彻底,保证后期提取黄酮的纯度。
3)步骤2)收集到的叶绿素提取物进行真空脱溶,直到丁烷残留量低于50ppm,收集得到叶绿素提取物,用铜或锌取代叶绿素中的镁,用浓度为0.132%的醋酸铜或硫酸锌溶液,在pH值9的条件下常温浸泡30分钟,制备成叶绿素铜钠盐或叶绿素锌钠盐,可以长期保持绿色,进一步制成叶绿素铜钠盐或叶绿素锌钠盐的微囊粉末。
4)步骤2)完成萃取从最后一级萃取罐底放出的枸杞叶浆经过真空脱溶,直到萃取剂残留量低于50ppm,收集枸杞叶浆,进行过滤,得枸杞叶浆渣和清液,清液浓缩,得浓缩液;
5)浓缩液中加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,静置,分离出沉淀物和清液;
6)清液回收酒精后进一步分离提纯、干燥得枸杞叶黄酮1.83kg和剩余的残液。
用步骤4)所述的枸杞叶浆渣经干燥、粉碎制成枸杞膳食纤维11.43kg。
用步骤5)分离出的沉淀物干燥即得枸杞蛋白多糖粉3.04kg。
用步骤6)得到的残液经离子交换或大孔树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱230g。
实施例2
1)称取22kg干枸杞叶,粉碎,将枸杞叶粉加入逆流萃取系统,加入丁烷,进行密闭萃取,萃取压力保持在0.4Mpa,达到平衡时将丁烷打入上一级萃取罐,经过若干级萃取,直到饱和,将丁烷回收进解析罐,降压汽化使提取物析出,通过压缩机回收丁烷,收集提取物,完成萃取的枸杞叶渣则从最后一级萃取罐底放出;萃取时可加入乙酸乙酯为夹带剂;经过萃取,使脂溶性杂质与枸杞叶粉彻底分离,脱色更彻底,保证后期提取黄酮的纯度。
2)从最后一级萃取罐底放出的枸杞叶渣经过真空脱溶,直到萃取剂残留量低于50ppm;
3)收集的枸杞叶粉加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,在70℃下提取2h,过滤得到提取液Ⅰ;滤渣加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,在65℃下提取2h,过滤得到提取液Ⅱ;
4)合并提取液Ⅰ和Ⅱ,回收酒精后进一步分离提纯得1.72kg黄酮和剩余的残液。
用步骤3)分离出的滤渣干燥即得枸杞蛋白多糖粉18kg。
用步骤4)得到的残液经离子交换或大孔树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱215g。
实施例3
对比试验1
1)称取100kg新鲜枸杞叶,清洗、微波或热水杀青、打浆除去木质素及粗纤维得90kg枸杞叶浆,然后在得到的枸杞叶浆中添加果胶酶、纤维素酶进行酶解,打浆前加入原料重量的2%的碳酸钙,中和叶浆中的有机酸,以防止枸杞叶中的有机酸对叶绿素造成破坏。
2)将酶解后的枸杞叶浆静置分离,得枸杞叶渣和清液,清液浓缩,得浓缩液;
3)浓缩液中加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,静置,分离出沉淀物和清液;
4)清液回收酒精后进一步分离提纯、干燥得枸杞叶黄酮1.66kg和剩余的残液。
用步骤2)所述的枸杞叶浆渣经干燥、粉碎制成枸杞膳食纤维16.87kg。
用步骤3)分离出的沉淀物干燥即得枸杞蛋白多糖粉3.16kg。
用步骤4)得到的残液经离子交换树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱218g。
对比试验2
1)称取100kg新鲜枸杞叶,清洗、微波或热水杀青,烘干得22kg干枸杞叶,干枸杞叶粉碎,以70%乙醇做溶剂,于65℃回流2次,每次2h,收集提取液和提取渣,提取液澄清过滤。
2)提取渣回收酒精后干燥得枸杞叶渣粉18.63kg。
3)提取液回收酒精后进一步分离提纯、干燥得枸杞叶黄酮1.69kg和剩余的残液。
4)残液经离子交换树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱203g。
对比试验3
1)称取100kg新鲜枸杞叶,清洗、微波或热水杀青,烘干得22kg干枸杞叶,干枸杞叶粉碎,以丙酮为溶剂,回流提取2h,残渣以70%乙醇做溶剂,于65℃回流2次,每次2h,收集提取液,提取液澄清过滤。
2)提取液回收酒精后进一步分离提纯、干燥得枸杞叶黄酮1.58kg和剩余的残液。
3)残液经离子交换树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱197g。
实施例4
技术效果检验和验证。
1.黄酮检测
检测样品:实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的对比试验1、对比试验2、对比试验3提取的黄酮,检测其提取提取率、纯度(以芦丁计)。
纯度检测采用氢氧化钾显色法测定总黄酮含量,精密称取芦丁2mg,加无水乙醇定容至10ml,制得浓度为0.2mg/ml芦丁标准品溶液。分别称取实施例1和实施例2各对比试验所得的黄酮提取物5mg,加入无水乙醇定容至50ml。
扫描原液:分别取芦丁溶液和样品溶液各1ml,加无水乙醇定容至25ml,空白对照,全波扫描。
氢氧化钾显色法:分别取芦丁标准品溶液和各样品溶液各5ml,加3ml10%氢氧化钾溶液(2.5g氢氧化钾溶于无水乙醇中定容到25ml容量瓶中),充分摇匀显色5min后,用无水乙醇定容至25ml,摇匀,空白对照,全波扫描。
标准曲线的绘制:分别取1ml,2ml,3ml,4ml,5ml,6ml芦丁对照品溶液,按所选的显色方法测定吸光度,绘制标准曲线。
样品含量测定:分别取3份样品溶液各1ml,按制备标准曲线方法显色后测定吸光度值并计算总黄酮含量。
2.蛋白质检测
检测样品:实施例1、实施例2实施例3的对比试验1提取的蛋白质,检测其提取提取率、蛋白质纯度或含量用凯氏定氮法检测。
对照实验 | 蛋白质提取率(%) | 蛋白质纯度(%) | 备注 |
实施例1 | 13.68 | 92.36 | 色泽洁白 |
实施例2 | 81.81 | 20.38 | 白色略暗 |
实施例3对比试验1 | 14.22 | 90.79 | 颜色发青 |
3.生物碱检测
检测样品:实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的对比试验1、对比试验2、对比试验3提取的生物碱,检测其提取提取率、纯度(以甜菜碱计)。
对照实验 | 生物碱提取率(%) | 纯度(以甜菜碱计)(%) |
实施例1 | 1.035 | 87.89 |
实施例2 | 0.977 | 88.42 |
实施例3对比试验1 | 0.981 | 72.63 |
实施例3对比试验2 | 0.914 | 75.91 |
实施例3对比试验3 | 0.887 | 84.29 |
由上述实验结果可知,实施例1和实施例2提取得到黄酮纯度远远高于对照组,提取率由7.45%提高到8.31%,纯度由86.38%提高到94.36%,提高均约11.5%,且得到的产品色泽接近标准品色泽,而对照组的提取物色泽发暗,呈褐色,杂质较多。且副产物蛋白质的纯度很高,色泽洁白,对照组色泽发暗发青。甜菜碱的提取率变化不大,但是纯度从72.63%提高到87.89%,提高约21%。
实施例5
枸杞叶提取物功能性制品制备方法:取枸杞叶中提取的黄酮、甜菜碱、膳食纤维、叶绿素铜钠盐或锌钠盐、蛋白、多糖,添加砂糖粉、低聚木糖、柠檬酸、抗结剂、抗氧化剂、VC、香精,原料混合、制粒、包装制成枸杞叶提取物功能性冲剂、胶囊;原料混合、制粒、压片、包装制成功能性咀嚼片、含片。配料如下:
配料1:枸杞叶黄酮5份、黑枸杞提取物2份、γ-氨基丁酸0.2份、砂糖粉2份、柠檬酸1份、低聚木糖粉1份、麦芽糊精5份、二氧化硅1份、VC0.02份、粉末香精0.01份
配料2:枸杞叶多糖3份、麦芽糊精8份、叶黄素1份、砂糖粉2份、柠檬酸1份、低聚木糖粉1份、二氧化硅1份、VC0.02份、粉末香精0.01份
配料3:枸杞叶叶绿素锌钠盐4份、麦芽糊精9份、砂糖粉4份、柠檬酸1份、低聚木糖粉1份、二氧化硅1份、VC0.02份、粉末香精0.01份
配料4:枸杞叶甜菜碱4份、膳食纤维7份、麦芽糊精10份、砂糖粉3份、柠檬酸1份、低聚木糖粉1份、二氧化硅1份、VC0.02份、粉末香精0.01份
配料5:枸杞叶黄酮5份、多糖3份、膳食纤维10份、砂糖粉6份、柠檬酸1份、低聚木糖粉1份、麦芽糊精10份、二氧化硅1份、VC0.02份、粉末香精0.01份
配料6:枸杞叶黄酮5份、多糖3份、膳食纤维10份、麦芽糊精8份、甜菜碱3份、叶绿素锌钠盐2份、砂糖粉6份、葡萄籽提取物2份、柠檬酸1份、低聚木糖粉1份、二氧化硅1份、VC0.02份、粉末香精0.01份。
上述枸杞叶提取物功能性制品全部利用枸杞叶为原料进行提取,在枸杞生长季节随时可以提取,且枸杞叶不用事先烘干,节能,便捷,大幅降低生产成本;尤其是在枸杞树夏季修剪的徒长枝叶以及抹除、摘心的嫩枝叶,量大、集中,可规模化生产,变废为宝。
本发明不仅限于上述实施例。上述实施例虽然对本发明的某一具体实施方案进行了描述,但是,本领域技术人员应该认识到,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以对本发明进行多种改变与修饰。
Claims (8)
1.一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)新鲜枸杞叶清洗、杀青、打浆除去木质素及粗纤维得枸杞叶浆,然后在得到的枸杞叶浆中添加果胶酶、纤维素酶进行酶解;
2)将酶解后的枸杞叶浆加入萃取系统,加入萃取剂,进行密闭萃取,经过若干级萃取,收集叶绿素提取物,回收萃取剂,完成萃取的枸杞叶浆则从萃取罐底放出;
3)步骤2)收集到的叶绿素提取物进行真空脱溶,直到提取物萃取剂残留量低于50ppm,收集得到叶绿素提取物,进一步制成叶绿素铜钠盐或叶绿素锌钠盐;
4)步骤2)从萃取罐底放出的枸杞叶浆经过真空脱溶,直到萃取剂残留量低于50ppm,收集枸杞叶浆备用;
5)收集的枸杞叶浆进行过滤,得枸杞叶浆渣和清液,清液浓缩,得浓缩液;
6)浓缩液中加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,静置,分离出沉淀物和清液;
7)清液回收酒精后进一步分离提纯得黄酮和剩余的残液。
2.一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)干燥的枸杞叶、枸杞叶茶、枸杞芽茶粉碎后加入萃取系统,加入萃取剂和夹带剂,进行密闭萃取,经过若干级萃取,回收萃取剂,萃取剂降压汽化使萃取物析出并收集萃取物,完成萃取的枸杞叶粉则从萃取罐底取出;从枸杞叶茶和芽茶提取收集的萃取物中制备叶绿素铜钠盐和叶绿素锌钠盐;
2)从萃取罐底放出的枸杞叶浆经过真空脱溶,直到萃取剂残留量低于50ppm;
3)收集的枸杞叶粉加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,在60~90℃下提取1~3h,过滤得到提取液Ⅰ;滤渣再次加入酒精,调整酒精含量达到70%以上,在60~90℃下提取1~3h,过滤得到提取液Ⅱ;
4)合并提取液Ⅰ和Ⅱ,回收酒精后进一步分离提纯得黄酮和剩余的残液。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种从枸杞叶中提取黄酮的方法,其特征在于所述萃取压力保持在0.1—10Mpa,达到平衡时将萃取剂回收进解析罐,降压汽化使叶绿素析出;所述萃取剂是1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)、丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷(R600a)、正己烷、环己烷、戊烷、庚烷、二甲醚(DME)、液化石油气(LPG)、六氟化硫和二氧化碳中的一种;所述回收萃取剂是通过压缩机进行回收。
4.一种枸杞膳食纤维,其特征在于利用权利要求1步骤5)所述的枸杞叶浆渣经干燥、粉碎而成。
5.一种枸杞叶蛋白多糖,其特征在于将权利要求1步骤6)分离出的沉淀物干燥、粉碎即得枸杞蛋白多糖;权利要求1步骤6)所述沉淀物进一步分离可得枸杞叶多糖和枸杞叶蛋白质。
6.一种从枸杞叶中提取生物碱的方法,其特征在于用权利要求1步骤7)或权利要求2步骤4)得到的残液经离子交换或大孔树脂处理,得透过液和洗脱液,洗脱液再经脱盐、浓缩、析出结晶、干燥得枸杞生物碱。
7.一种从枸杞叶中提取叶绿素的方法,其特征在于按权利要求1步骤1)至3)所述的方法制备得到叶绿素铜钠盐或叶绿素锌钠盐。
8.一种枸杞叶提取物功能性制品,其特征在于由权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6、7所得到的黄酮、膳食纤维、蛋白多糖、甜菜碱、绿素铜钠盐、叶绿素锌钠盐中的一种或多种,调配其它功能辅料和助剂制成功能性咀嚼片、颗粒冲剂、胶囊、含片、口服液、饮料。
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