CN108138070A - 吡咯衍生物作为润滑添加剂 - Google Patents
吡咯衍生物作为润滑添加剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108138070A CN108138070A CN201680060944.5A CN201680060944A CN108138070A CN 108138070 A CN108138070 A CN 108138070A CN 201680060944 A CN201680060944 A CN 201680060944A CN 108138070 A CN108138070 A CN 108138070A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating composition
- alkyl
- acrylate
- composition according
- acrylic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title description 17
- 150000007980 azole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- -1 acrylic compounds azole compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methacrylic acid Natural products CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical class C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000000178 1,2,4-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001399 1,2,3-triazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC(=C1)* 0.000 claims 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 18
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 11
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical group [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000000177 1,2,3-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 4
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)-N-phenylaniline Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RXBOCDZLKBPILN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylheptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class CCCCCC(CCC)COC(=O)C=C RXBOCDZLKBPILN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 0 CCCCC(CC)COC(CC[n]1nc(C=C*C=C2)c2n1)=O Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(CC[n]1nc(C=C*C=C2)c2n1)=O 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
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- FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SZATXRHXOOLEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-dodecylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SZATXRHXOOLEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STHGHFNAPPFPQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-propylphenol Chemical class CCCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 STHGHFNAPPFPQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WTWGHNZAQVTLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butyl-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical class CCCCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 WTWGHNZAQVTLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOOITXALNJLNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyl borate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OB(OC1CCCCC1)OC1CCCCC1 BOOITXALNJLNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCOB(OCCCCC)OCCCCC JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
包含通过使吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类接触而形成的吡咯‑丙烯酸加合物的润滑组合物。所形成的加合物具有至少一个包含至少一个酰基的氮‑烷基。润滑组合物还包含抗磨剂和抗氧化剂。润滑内燃机的方法包括使内燃机与包含通过将吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类接触而形成的吡咯‑丙烯酸加合物的润滑组合物接触。减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化的方法。在润滑组合物中使用吡咯‑丙烯酸加合物以减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化。
Description
技术领域
所公开技术的领域通常涉及包含吡咯衍生物的润滑组合物。
背景技术
众所周知，润滑油含有许多用于保护内燃机免受磨损、烟灰沉积和酸积聚的表面活性添加剂(包括抗磨剂、分散剂或清净剂)。通常，这种表面活性添加剂(包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)或分散剂)会对轴承腐蚀、分散或摩擦性能产生有害影响。这些添加剂化学物质可能对存在于使用铜或铅的合金衍生的轴承和其他金属发动机组件中的铅或铜具有腐蚀性。
配制者难以通过采用某些有益的添加剂满足现有发动机油规格，同时也满足铅或铜腐蚀的规格。常用的铜腐蚀抑制剂包括吡咯或其衍生物，如甲基苄基三唑(通常称为甲苯基三唑或简称“TTZL”)。TTZL和TTZL衍生物在某些应用中可具有缺点。TTZL是一种在80℃时熔化的固体，因此难以混入或悬浮在润滑油制造过程中。在某些情况下，TTZL也可贡献铅腐蚀。一些TTZL衍生物在某些应用中可贡献密封磨损。因此，TTZL及其已知衍生物没有充分解决润滑油中的腐蚀抑制需求。
发明内容
然而，令人惊讶地测定，用丙烯酸类制备的吡咯衍生物抑制铜腐蚀而对铅腐蚀和密封磨损的损害最小。这些衍生物在室温下为油溶性液体，使它们与其TTZL或TTZL衍生物前体相比，更易于在润滑油中混合或悬浮。因此，在一个实施方案中，公开了包含通过使吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类接触形成的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的润滑组合物。形成的加合物具有至少一个包含至少一个酰基的氮-烷基(或“N-烷基”)基团。润滑组合物还包含抗磨剂和抗氧化剂。
丙烯酸类可以包括至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸酯，(甲基)丙烯酸，(甲基)丙烯酰胺或其组合。如本文所用，术语“丙烯酸类”包括丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的衍生物，盐或酰胺。此外，术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”和相关术语包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯基团，即，甲基是任选的。因此，在一些实施方案中，丙烯酸类可包含至少一种丙烯酸酯，丙烯酸，丙烯酰胺，甲基丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酰胺或其组合。在一个实施方案中，丙烯酸类可以是具有式(I)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯：
其中R是氢或C1-C20烃基，R1是C1-C20烃基。在另一个实施方案中，R可以是氢或甲基。
在一个实施方案中，(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以包含至少一种丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸酯或其组合。合适的丙烯酸酯包括但不限于丙烯酸十八烷基酯，丙烯酸十六烷基酯，丙烯酸十三烷基酯，丙烯酸十二烷基酯，丙烯酸癸基酯，丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯，丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，丙烯酸辛酯，丙烯酸己酯，丙烯酸丁酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丙烯酸甲酯或其组合。合适的甲基丙烯酸酯包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸十六烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸十三烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸癸基酯，甲基丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯，甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，丙烯酸辛酯，甲基丙烯酸己酯，甲基丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合。
在又一个实施方案中，丙烯酸类可以包括丙烯酸十八烷基酯，丙烯酸十六烷基酯，丙烯酸十三烷基酯，丙烯酸十二烷基酯，丙烯酸癸基酯，丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯，丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，丙烯酸辛酯，丙烯酸己酯，丙烯酸丁酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丙烯酸甲酯或其组合中的至少一种。
用于制备吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的合适吡咯化合物包括但不限于苯并三唑，苯并三唑衍生物，咪唑，咪唑衍生物，1,2,3-三唑，1,2,3-三唑衍生物，1,2,4-三唑，1,2,4-三唑衍生物，1,3,4-三唑，1,3,4-三唑衍生物，苯并咪唑，苯并咪唑衍生物，吡唑，吡唑衍生物，1,4-甲基苯并三唑或它们的组合。
在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以包含由式(II)或(III)表示的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物：
其中R2和R3独立地为氢或C1-C20烃基，或者当R2和R3一起时形成含有5至6个碳原子的饱和或不饱和环；R4是C2-C40烃基且包含至少一个酰基，其中烃基是线性的，支化的，同素环的或杂环的或其组合；X1是N或C；X2和X3独立地为N或C-R5，其中R5为氢或C1-C12烃基。
在另一个实施方案中，吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可以具有上式，其中X1，X2和X3中的至少两个是N。在另一个实施方案中，X1，X2和X3中的至少一个是C。在另一个实施方案中，X2和X3都是N。
在另一个实施方案中，吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可以具有式(IV)：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基；R7与氮原子连接并且是线性C2烃基；R8是C1-C20烃基并且是线性的，支化的，同素环的，杂环的或其组合。
吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可以是式(V)，(VI)，(VII)，(VIII)，(IX)或(X)中的至少一个：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基。
基于润滑组合物的总重量，润滑组合物可以包含0.01重量％至5重量％的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物。
润滑组合物可以具有抗磨剂。在一个实施方案中，抗磨剂可以包含磷，其以使得基于润滑组合物的总重量，润滑组合物具有至少300ppm磷的量存在。
在另一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以进一步包含含氮分散剂。在又一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以包含至少一种过碱性清净剂。
在另一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以包含至少一种含硼化合物。示例性的含硼化合物包括但不限于硼酸酯，硼酸酯醇或其组合。
还公开了润滑内燃机的方法。在一个实施方案中，该方法可以包括使内燃机与如上所述的润滑组合物接触。润滑组合物可包含通过使吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类接触而形成的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物。所形成的加合物具有至少一个包含至少一个酰基的N-烷基。润滑组合物还包含抗磨剂和抗氧化剂。
在其他实施方案中，公开了减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化的方法。该方法可包括使内燃机与上述润滑组合物接触。在另一个实施方案中，公开了在润滑组合物中使用吡咯-丙烯酸加合物以减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化。
发明详述
在此引用的每个文件通过引用并入，包括要求其优先权的任何在先申请，无论是否在本文中具体列出。提及任何文件并不是承认这种文件具有现有技术的资格，或者构成任何辖区的技术人员的一般知识。除了在实施例中或者另外明确指出的情况之外，本说明书中指定材料的量，反应条件，分子量，碳原子数等的所有数值量应理解为由词语“约”修饰。应该理解，本文所述的上限和下限量，范围和比限值可以独立组合。类似地，本发明的每个元素的范围和量可以与任何其他元素的范围或量一起使用。
如本文所使用的，与“包括”、“含有”或“由......表征”同义的过渡性术语“包含”是包含性的或开放性的，并且不排除另外的未列举的元素或方法步骤。然而，在本文的“包括”的每个陈述中，该术语还包括作为替代实施方案的短语“基本上由...组成”和“由......组成”，其中“由......组成”排除未指定的任何元素或步骤，“基本上由......组成”允许包括不会实质上影响所考虑的组合物或方法的基本和新特征的其他未叙述的元素或步骤。
下面将通过非限制性的描述和实施例来描述各种特征和实施方案。在一个实施方案中，公开了包含通过使吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类反应形成的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的润滑组合物。形成的加合物具有至少一个包含至少一个酰基的氮-烷基(或“N-烷基”)基团。润滑组合物还包含抗磨剂和抗氧化剂。如本文所用，提及存在于本文公开的润滑组合物中的组分或添加剂的量是以无油基础，即活性物质的量引用的。
丙烯酸类可包含至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸酯，(甲基)丙烯酸，(甲基)丙烯酰胺或其组合。在一个实施方案中，丙烯酸类可以是具有式(I)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯：
其中R是氢或C1-C20烃基，R1是C1-C20烃基。在另一个实施方案中，R可以是氢或甲基。
如本文所用，术语“烃基取代基”或“烃基”以其普通含义使用，这对于本领域技术人员来说是公知的。具体地说，它指具有与分子其余部分直接连接的碳原子并具有主要烃特性的基团。烃基取代基或烃基可具有多于一个碳原子。碳原子数也可以在此表示。例如，术语“C1-C20烃基”是指具有1至20个碳原子的烃基。烃基的实例包括：
烃取代基，即脂族(例如烷基或烯基)，脂环族(例如环烷基，环烯基)取代基和芳族、脂族和脂环族取代的芳族取代基，以及环状取代基，其中环通过分子的另一部分完成(例如，两个取代基一起形成环)；
取代的烃取代基，即含有非烃基团的取代基，其在所公开技术的上下文中不会改变取代基的主要烃性质(例如卤素(特别是氯和氟)，羟基，烷氧基，巯基，烷基巯基，硝基，亚硝基和亚磺酰基)；
杂取代基，即在所公开技术的上下文中具有主要烃特性的取代基，在环或链(否则由碳原子组成)中含有不同于碳的元素，包括取代基如吡啶基，呋喃基，噻吩基和咪唑基。杂原子包括硫，氧和氮。一般而言，烃基中每10个碳原子存在不超过两个或不超过一个非烃取代基；或者，在烃基中可不存在非烃取代基。
在其他实施方案中，丙烯酸类可以包含具有式(XI)的丙烯酸：
其中R是氢或C1-C20烃基。
在其他实施方案中，丙烯酸类可以包含具有式(XII)的丙烯酰胺：
其中每个R可以独立地为氢或C1-C20烃基。
在一个实施方案中，丙烯酸酯可以包含至少一种丙烯酸酯，(甲基)丙烯酸酯，(丁基)丙烯酸酯或其组合。在一个实施方案中，丙烯酸酯可以包含至少一种丙烯酸酯，(甲基)丙烯酸酯或其组合。在另一个实施方案中，丙烯酸类可以包含至少一种甲基丙烯酸酯，甲基丙烯酸，甲基丙烯酰胺或其组合。
合适的丙烯酸酯包括但不限于丙烯酸十八烷基酯，丙烯酸十六烷基酯，丙烯酸十三烷基酯，丙烯酸十二烷基酯，丙烯酸癸基酯，丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯，丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，丙烯酸辛酯，丙烯酸己酯，丙烯酸丁酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丙烯酸甲酯或其组合。合适的甲基丙烯酸酯包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸十六烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸十三烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯，甲基丙烯酸癸基酯，甲基丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯，甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，丙烯酸辛酯，甲基丙烯酸己酯，甲基丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合。
吡咯化合物可以是取代或未取代的杂环吡咯。在一个实施方案中，取代的杂环吡咯可以具有如式(VIII)的结构：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基。
用于制备吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的合适吡咯化合物包括但不限于苯并三唑，苯并三唑衍生物，咪唑，咪唑衍生物，1,2,3-三唑，1,2,3-三唑衍生物，1,2,4-三唑，1,2,4-三唑衍生物，1,3,4-三唑，1,3,4-三唑衍生物，苯并咪唑，苯并咪唑衍生物，吡唑，吡唑衍生物，1,4-甲基苯并三唑或它们的组合。吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类的反应可以在作为催化剂或溶剂的三甲胺或乙腈存在下进行。
在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以包含由式(II)或(III)表示的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物：
其中R2和R3独立地为氢或C1-C20烃基，或者当R2和R3一起时形成含有5至6个碳原子的饱和或不饱和环；R4为C2-C40烃基并且包含至少一个酰基，其中烃基为线性的，支化的，同素环的或杂环的或其组合；X1是N或C；X2和X3独立地为N或C-R5，其中R5为氢或C1-C12烃基。
在另一个实施方案中，吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可以具有上述式(II)或(III)，其中X1，X2和X3中的至少一个或备选地至少两个是N。在另一个实施方案中，X1，X2和X3中的至少一个是C。在又一个实施方案中，X2和X3都是N。在其他实施方案中，X1，X2和X3可以都是N，或者它们可以都是C。
在另一个实施方案中，吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可以具有式(IV)：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基；R7与氮原子连接并且是线性的C2烃基；R8是C1-C20烃基并且是线性的，支化的，同素环的，杂环的或其组合。
示例性的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物包括但不限于苯并三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，咪唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，1,2,4-三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯，苯并咪唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯，吡唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯，甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸丁酯，以及甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸乙酯的反应产物。
示例性的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物包括由丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸乙酯制备的加合物和异构体。这些加合物包括但不限于3-(5-甲基-1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-基)丙酸2-乙基己酯和3-(5-甲基-1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-基)丙酸乙酯。在一个实施方案中，吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可具有式(V)，(VI)，(VII)，(VIII)，(IX)或(X)：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基。
其他吡咯-丙烯酸加合物包括但不限于下表1中列出的加合物和它们的异构体。
表1
*R6是氢或C1-C20烃基。
基于润滑组合物的总重量，润滑组合物可包含0.01重量％至5重量％的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物。可选的，吡咯-丙烯酸加合物可以以如下范围存在：0.01-3重量％；0.01-1重量％；0.01-0.5重量％；或0.05-0.1重量％。
润滑组合物可以具有抗磨剂。抗磨剂可以是含磷或含硫抗磨剂。在一个实施方案中，抗磨剂可以包含磷，其以使得基于润滑组合物的总重量，润滑组合物具有至少300ppm磷的量存在。在其它实施方案中，磷含量可以是基于润滑组合物的总重量为300-1000ppm或325-700ppm磷。
在另一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以进一步包含含氮分散剂。在又一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以包含至少一种过碱性清净剂。
在另一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以包含至少一种含硼化合物。示例性的含硼化合物包括但不限于硼酸酯，硼酸酯醇或其组合。
还公开了润滑内燃机的方法。在一个实施方案中，该方法可以包括使内燃机与如上所述的润滑组合物接触。润滑组合物可包含通过使吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类接触而形成的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物。所形成的加合物具有至少一个包含至少一个酰基的N-烷基。润滑组合物还包含抗磨剂和抗氧化剂。
在其他实施方案中，公开了减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化的方法。该方法可以包括使内燃机与上述润滑组合物接触。在另一个实施方案中，公开了在润滑组合物中使用吡咯-丙烯酸加合物以减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化。
抗磨剂
所公开的润滑组合物可以包含含磷或含硫抗磨剂。这些抗磨剂在某些条件下可具有腐蚀性，特别是对金属如铅或铜。然而，认为本文所述的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物降低了抗磨剂的腐蚀作用而不影响它们在减少磨损方面的功效。
因此，在一个实施方案中，所公开的技术提供了润滑组合物，其进一步包含含磷和/或含硫抗磨剂。通常，含磷抗磨剂可以是锌二烷基二硫代磷酸盐，亚磷酸盐，磷酸盐，膦酸盐和铵磷酸盐或其混合物。
二烷基二硫代磷酸锌在本领域中是已知的。二硫代磷酸锌的实例包括异丙基甲基戊基二硫代磷酸锌，异丙基异辛基二硫代磷酸锌，二(环己基)二硫代磷酸锌，异丁基2-乙基己基二硫代磷酸锌，异丙基2-乙基己基二硫代磷酸锌，异丁基异戊基二硫代磷酸锌，异丙基正丁基二硫代磷酸锌，及其组合。二烷基二硫代磷酸锌可以以为润滑组合物提供0.01重量％至0.1重量％的磷，或为润滑组合物提供0.015重量％至0.075重量％的磷或0.02重量％至0.05重量％的磷的量存在。
在一个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物还包含一种或多种二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，使得本公开技术的胺(硫代)磷酸盐添加剂提供润滑组合物中存在的全部磷的至少50％，或全部磷的至少70％，或润滑组合物中全部磷的至少90％。在一个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物不含或基本上不含二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。
含硫抗磨剂可以是硫化烯烃，含硫清净剂或硫化Diels-Alder加合物。基于润滑组合物的总重量，抗磨剂可以以0.01重量％至3重量％，或0.1重量％至1.5重量％，或0.5重量％至0.9重量％存在。
抗氧化剂
在一个实施方案中，所公开的润滑剂组合物包含抗氧化剂或其混合物。抗氧化剂包括硫化烯烃，二芳基胺，烷基化二芳基胺，受阻酚，钼化合物(如二硫代氨基甲酸钼)，羟基硫醚或其混合物。抗氧化剂可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为0.05重量％至15重量％，或0.1重量％至10重量％，或0.5重量％至5重量％，或0.5重量％至3重量％，或0.3重量％至1.5重量％存在。
在一个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物还包含酚类或胺类抗氧化剂或其混合物，其中抗氧化剂以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为0.1重量％至3重量％，或0.5重量％至2.75重量％，或1重量％至2.5重量％存在。
二芳基胺或烷基化二芳基胺可以是苯基-α-萘胺(PANA)，烷基化二苯胺或烷基化苯基萘胺或其混合物。烷基化二苯胺可以包括二壬基化二苯胺，壬基二苯胺，辛基二苯胺，二辛基化二苯胺，二癸基化二苯胺，癸基二苯胺及其混合物。在一个实施方案中，二苯胺可以包括壬基二苯胺，二壬基二苯胺，辛基二苯胺，二辛基二苯胺或其混合物。在一个实施方案中，烷基化二苯胺可以包括壬基二苯胺或二壬基二苯胺。烷基化二芳基胺可以包括辛基、二辛基、壬基、二壬基、癸基或二癸基苯基萘胺。
受阻酚抗氧化剂通常含有仲丁基和/或叔丁基作为空间阻碍基团。酚基可以进一步被烃基(典型地为线性或支化烷基)和/或与第二芳族基团连接的桥连基团取代。合适的受阻酚抗氧化剂的实例包括2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，4-甲基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，4-乙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，4-丙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚或4-丁基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚或4-十二烷基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚。在一个实施方案中，受阻酚抗氧化剂可以是酯并且可以包括例如来自Ciba的IrganoxTM L-135。美国专利6,559,105中更详细地描述了合适的含酯受阻酚抗氧化剂化学。
可以用作抗氧化剂的二硫代氨基甲酸钼的实例包括由R.T.Vanderbilt Co.，Ltd.以商品名如MolyvanA和855，和Adeka Sakura-LubeTM S-100，S-165，S-600和525，或其混合物出售的商业材料。
具有润滑粘度的油
包含本文所述吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的润滑组合物还可以包含具有润滑粘度的油。这种油包括天然和合成油，衍生自加氢裂化、氢化和加氢精制的油，未精制、精制、再精制的油或其混合物。在国际公开WO2008/147704第[0054]至[0056]段中提供了未精制、精制和再精制油的更详细描述(在美国专利申请2010/197536中提供了类似的公开内容，参见[0072]至[0073])。在WO2008/147704第[0058]至[0059]段中描述了天然和合成润滑油的更详细描述(在美国专利申请2010/197536中提供了类似的公开内容，参见[0075]至[0076])。合成油也可以通过费-托反应来生产，并且通常可以是加氢异构化的费-托烃或蜡。在一个实施方案中，油可以通过费-托气-液合成程序来制备以及其他气-液油。
具有润滑粘度的油也可以如在2011年9月版的"Appendix E-API Base OilInterchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel EngineOils",section 1.3Sub-heading 1.3."Base Stock Categories"中所规定的那样进行定义。在一个实施方案中，具有润滑粘度的油可以是API组II或III油。在一个实施方案中，具有润滑粘度的油可以是API组I油。
存在的润滑粘度的油的量通常是从100重量％减去本发明化合物和其它性能添加剂的量的总和之后剩下的余量。除非另有说明，否则所述的每种化学组分或添加剂的量不包括任何通常存在于商业材料中的溶剂或稀释剂油，即基于活性化学物质。然而，除非另外指出，否则本文提及的每种化学物质或组合物应被解释为商业级材料，其可含有异构体，副产物，衍生物和通常被理解为存在于商业级中的其他此类材料。
润滑组合物可以呈浓缩物和/或完全配制的润滑剂的形式。如果润滑组合物(包含本文公开的添加剂)为浓缩物的形式，其可与另外的油组合以形成全部或部分成品润滑剂)，这些添加剂与具有润滑粘度的油和/或稀释剂油的比包括按重量计1:99至99:1或按重量计80:20至10:90的范围。
含硼化合物
在一个实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物还包含含硼化合物。在一个实施方案中，含硼化合物包括硼酸酯或硼酸酯醇。
硼酸酯可以通过硼化合物与选自环氧化合物，卤代醇化合物，表卤代醇化合物，醇及其混合物中的至少一种化合物的反应来制备。醇包括二元醇，三元醇或更高级醇，条件是对于一个实施方案，羟基位于相邻的碳原子上，即邻位。
适于制备硼酸酯的硼化合物包括选自硼酸(包括偏硼酸HBO2，原硼酸H3BO3和四硼酸H2B4O7)，氧化硼，三氧化硼和烷基硼酸酯的各种形式。硼酸酯也可以由卤化硼制备。
在一个实施方案中，合适的硼酸酯化合物包括硼酸三乙酯，硼酸三丙酯，硼酸三异丙酯，硼酸三丁酯，硼酸三戊酯，硼酸三己酯，硼酸三环己酯，硼酸三辛酯，硼酸三异辛酯，硼酸三癸酯，硼酸三(C8-10)酯，三(C12-15硼酸酯)和硼酸油基酯，或其混合物。
在一个实施方案中，含硼化合物是甘油的硼酸化脂肪酸酯。甘油的硼酸化脂肪酸酯通过将甘油的脂肪酸酯用硼酸硼酸化并除去反应水来制备。在一个实施方案中，存在足够的硼，使得每个硼将与存在于反应混合物中的1.5至2.5个羟基反应。
反应可以在不存在或存在任何合适的有机溶剂如甲醇，苯，二甲苯，甲苯，中性油等的情况下在60℃至135℃范围内的温度下进行。
甘油的脂肪酸酯可以通过本领域众所周知的各种方法制备。许多这些酯如甘油单油酸酯和甘油牛脂酸酯都是以商业规模生产的。用于本发明的酯是油溶性的并且可以由C8-C22脂肪酸或其混合物(例如在天然产物中发现的)制备。脂肪酸可以是饱和的或不饱和的。在天然来源的酸中发现的某些化合物可包括含有一个酮基的十八碳-9,11,13-三烯-4-酮酸(licanic acid)。在一个实施方案中，C8-C22脂肪酸是式R10-COOH的那些，其中R10是烷基或烯基。
在一个实施方案中，甘油的脂肪酸酯是甘油的单酯，然而，可以使用单酯和二酯的混合物。单酯和二酯的混合物可以含有至少40％的单酯。在一个实施方案中，甘油的单酯和二酯的混合物含有40至60重量％的单酯。例如，市售甘油单油酸酯包含45重量％至55重量％单酯和55重量％至45重量％二酯的混合物。
在一个实施方案中，脂肪酸包括油酸，硬脂酸，异硬脂酸，棕榈酸，肉豆蔻酸，棕榈油酸，亚油酸，月桂酸，亚麻酸和桐酸，以及来自天然产品牛油、棕榈油、橄榄油、花生油、玉米油、牛脚油等的酸。在一个实施方案中，脂肪酸是油酸。
含硼化合物可以足够的浓度用于本发明润滑油组合物中以提供具有5ppm至2000ppm范围内的硼含量的润滑油组合物，并且在一个实施方案中为15ppm至600ppm，在一个实施方案中为20ppm至300ppm。
其他性能添加剂
组合物任选地包含其他性能添加剂。其他性能添加剂可包括金属减活剂，粘度改进剂，清净剂，摩擦改性剂，抗磨剂，腐蚀抑制剂(除了目前公开的吡咯衍生物之外)，分散剂，分散剂粘度改进剂，极压剂，抗氧化剂，抑泡剂，破乳剂，倾点下降剂，密封溶胀剂及其混合物中的至少一种。这些其他性能添加剂可以是所公开技术的添加剂之外的添加剂。例如，添加剂可以是存在于润滑组合物中除了所公开技术的其他实施方案中所述的那些之外的腐蚀抑制剂，抗磨剂和/或抗氧化剂。
因此，在一个实施方案中，所公开技术提供了润滑组合物，其进一步包含分散剂，抗磨剂，分散剂粘度改进剂，摩擦改性剂，粘度改进剂(通常为烯烃共聚物，例如乙烯丙烯共聚物)，抗氧化剂(包括酚类和胺类抗氧化剂)，过碱性清净剂(包括过碱性磺酸盐和酚盐)，极压剂，抑泡剂，破乳剂，倾点下降剂，密封溶胀剂或其混合物中的至少一种。
分散剂可以是琥珀酰亚胺分散剂或其混合物。在一个实施方案中，分散剂可以作为单一分散剂存在。在一个实施方案中，分散剂可以作为两种或三种不同分散剂的混合物存在，其中至少一种可以是琥珀酰亚胺分散剂。
琥珀酰亚胺分散剂可以衍生自脂族多胺或其混合物。脂族多胺可以是脂族多胺如亚乙基多胺，亚丙基多胺，亚丁基多胺或其混合物。在一个实施方案中，脂族多胺可以是亚乙基多胺。在一个实施方案中，脂族多胺可以选自乙二胺，二亚乙基三胺，三亚乙基四胺，四亚乙基五胺，五亚乙基六胺，多胺釜残及其混合物。
分散剂也可以衍生自具有芳族胺的材料。在国际公开WO2010/062842和WO2009/064685中公开了可能有用的芳族胺(在US2010/298185中提供了类似的公开内容)。WO2009/064685的芳族胺典型地与靛红酸酐反应。
芳族胺可以包括苯胺，硝基苯胺，氨基咔唑，4-氨基二苯胺(ADPA)和ADPA的偶联产物。在一个实施方案中，胺可以是4-氨基二苯胺(ADPA)或ADPA的偶联产物。芳族胺可以包括双[p-(p-氨基苯胺基)苯基]-甲烷，2-(7-氨基-吖啶-2-基甲基)-N-4-{4-[4-(4-氨基苯基氨基)-苄基]-苯基}-苯-1,4-二胺，N-{4-[4-(4-氨基-苯基氨基)-苄基]-苯基}-2-[4-(4-氨基-苯基-氨基)-环己-1,5-二烯基甲基]-苯-1,4-二胺，N-[4-(7-氨基-吖啶-2-基甲基)-苯基]-苯-1,4-二胺或其混合物。
分散剂可以是N-取代的长链烯基琥珀酰亚胺。N-取代的长链烯基琥珀酰亚胺的实例包括聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺。通常，衍生出聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐的聚异丁烯的数均分子量为350-5000或550-3000或750-2500。琥珀酰亚胺分散剂及其制备公开于例如美国专利3,172,892、3,219,666、3,316,177、3,340,281、3,351,552、3,381,022、3,433,744、3,444,170、3,467,668、3,501,405、3,542,680、3,576,743、3,632,511、4,234,435、Re 26,433和6,165,235、7,238,650以及EP专利申请0355895A中。
分散剂也可以通过常规方法通过与任何各种试剂反应进行后处理。其中包括硼化合物(例如硼酸和硼酸酯)，脲，硫脲，二巯基噻二唑，二硫化碳，醛，酮，羧酸，烃取代的琥珀酸酐，马来酸酐，腈，环氧化物和磷化合物。
分散剂可以以润滑组合物的0.1重量％至10重量％，或2.5重量％至6重量％，或3重量％至5重量％存在。
在一个实施方案中，所公开技术的润滑组合物还包含分散剂粘度改进剂。分散剂粘度改进剂可以以润滑组合物的0重量％至5重量％，或0重量％至4重量％，或0.05重量％至2重量％存在。
分散剂粘度改进剂可以包括官能化聚烯烃，例如已经用酰化剂如马来酸酐和胺官能化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物；用胺官能化的聚甲基丙烯酸酯，或与胺反应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。分散剂粘度改进剂的更详细描述公开于国际公开WO2006/015130或美国专利4,863,623；6,107,257；6,107,258；和6,117,825中。在一个实施方案中，分散剂粘度改进剂可以包括美国专利4,863,623(参见第2栏第15行至第3栏第52行)或国际公开WO2006/015130(见第2页第[0008]段，制备实施例描述于第[0065]至[0073]段)中描述的那些。
在一个实施方案中，分散剂粘度改进剂可包括美国专利7,790,661第2栏第48行至第10栏第38行中所述的那些。7,790,661的分散剂粘度改进剂包括(a)包含羧酸官能或其反应性等价物的聚合物，所述聚合物的数均分子量大于5,000；和(b)胺组分，其包含至少一种含有至少一个能够与所述羧酸官能缩合以提供侧基的氨基以提供侧基和至少一个包含至少一个氮、氧或硫原子的其它基团的芳族胺，其中所述芳族胺选自(i)硝基取代的苯胺，(ii)包含通过-C(O)NR11-基团，-C(O)O-基团，-O-基团，-N-N-基团或-SO2-基团连接的两个芳族结构部分的胺，其中R11为氢或烃基，所述芳族结构部分中的一个带有所述可缩合氨基，(iii)氨基喹啉，(iv)氨基苯并咪唑，(v)N,N-二烷基亚苯基二胺，和(vi)环取代的苄胺。
在一个实施方案中，所公开技术可以是还包含钼化合物的润滑组合物。钼化合物可以选自二烷基二硫代磷酸钼，二硫代氨基甲酸钼，钼化合物的胺盐及其混合物。钼化合物可以为润滑组合物提供0至1000ppm，或5至1000ppm，或10至750ppm，5ppm至300ppm或20ppm至250ppm的钼。
在一个实施方案中，所公开技术可以是还包含过碱性清净剂的润滑组合物。过碱性清净剂在本领域中是已知的。过碱性清净剂可以选自不含硫的酚盐，含硫酚盐，磺酸盐，salixarate，水杨酸盐及其混合物。
过碱性清净剂还可以包括由混合表面活性剂体系形成的“杂化”清净剂，所述混合表面活性剂体系包括酚盐和/或磺酸盐组分，例如酚盐/水杨酸盐，磺酸盐/酚盐，磺酸盐/水杨酸盐，磺酸盐/酚盐/水杨酸盐，如例如在美国专利6,429,178；6,429,179；6,153,565；和6,281,179中所述。例如，在使用杂化磺酸盐/酚盐清净剂的情况下，杂化清净剂被认为相当于分别引入类似量的酚盐和磺酸盐皂的不同酚盐和磺酸盐清净剂的量。
典型地，过碱性清净剂可以是酚盐，含硫酚盐，磺酸盐，salixarates和水杨酸盐的钠盐、钙盐或镁盐。过碱性酚盐和水杨酸盐通常具有180至450TBN的总碱值。过碱性磺酸盐通常具有250-600或300-500的总碱值。在一个实施方案中，磺酸盐清净剂可以是金属比为至少8的主要线性烷基苯磺酸盐清净剂，如美国专利申请2005065045(授权为US 7,407,919)第[0026]至[0037]段中所述。线性烷基苯可具有连接在线性链上任何地方的苯环，通常在2、3或4位，或其混合物。主要线性烷基苯磺酸盐清净剂对于帮助提高燃料经济性可能特别有用。在一个实施方案中，磺酸盐清净剂可以是如美国专利申请2008/0119378第[0046]至[0053]段中公开的一种或多种油溶性烷基甲苯磺酸盐化合物的金属盐。过碱性清净剂可以以0重量％至15重量％，或1重量％至10重量％，或3重量％至8重量％存在。例如，在重型柴油机中，清净剂可以以润滑组合物的3重量％至5重量％存在。对于客车发动机，清净剂可以以润滑组合物的0.2重量％至1重量％存在。
在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物包含抗氧化剂或其混合物。抗氧化剂可以以润滑组合物的0重量％至15重量％，或0.1重量％至10重量％，或0.5重量％至5重量％存在。
抗氧化剂包括硫化烯烃，烷基化二苯胺(通常二壬基二苯胺，辛基二苯胺，二辛基二苯胺)，苯基-α-萘胺(PANA)，受阻酚，钼化合物(如二硫代氨基甲酸钼)或其混合物。
受阻酚抗氧化剂通常含有仲丁基和/或叔丁基作为空间阻碍基团。酚基可以进一步被烃基(典型地为线性或支化烷基)和/或与第二芳族基团连接的桥连基团取代。合适的受阻酚抗氧化剂的实例包括2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，4-甲基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，4-乙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，4-丙基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚或4-丁基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚或4-十二烷基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚。在一个实施方案中，受阻酚抗氧化剂可以是酯并且可以包括例如来自Ciba的IrganoxTM L-135。美国专利6,559,105中更详细地描述了合适的含酯受阻酚抗氧化剂化学。
合适的摩擦改性剂的实例包括脂肪环氧化物、脂肪酯或胺的长链脂肪酸衍生物；脂肪咪唑啉，如羧酸和多亚烷基-多胺的缩合产物；烷基磷酸的胺盐；脂肪烷基酒石酸酯；脂肪烷基酒石酰亚胺；或脂肪烷基酒石酰胺。
摩擦改性剂还可以包括材料如硫化脂肪化合物和烯烃，二烷基二硫代磷酸钼，二硫代氨基甲酸钼，向日葵油或多元醇与脂族羧酸的单酯。
在一个实施方案中，摩擦改性剂可以包含胺的长链脂肪酸衍生物，长链脂肪酸酯或长链脂肪环氧化物中的至少一种；脂肪咪唑啉；烷基磷酸的胺盐；脂肪烷基酒石酸酯；脂肪烷基酒石酰亚胺；和脂肪烷基酒石酰胺。摩擦改性剂可以以润滑组合物的0重量％至6重量％，或0.05重量％至4重量％，或0.1重量％至2重量％存在。在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以不含长链脂肪酯(通常甘油单油酸酯)。
如本文所用，与摩擦改性剂有关的术语“脂肪烷基”或“脂肪”是指具有10至22个碳原子的碳链，通常为直链碳链。或者，脂肪烷基可以是单支链烷基，通常在β-位具有支化。单支链烷基的实例包括2-乙基己基，2-丙基庚基或2-辛基十二烷基。
在一个实施方案中，摩擦改性剂可以包含脂肪环氧化物、脂肪酯或胺的长链脂肪酸衍生物；脂肪烷基柠檬酸酯，脂肪烷基酒石酸酯；脂肪烷基酒石酰亚胺；和脂肪烷基酒石酰胺中的至少一种。
在一个实施方案中，摩擦改性剂可以是长链脂肪酸酯。在另一个实施方案中，长链脂肪酸酯可以是单酯，而在另一个实施方案中，长链脂肪酸酯可以是甘油三酯。
其它性能添加剂如腐蚀抑制剂包括WO2006/047486的第5至8段中所述的那些，辛基辛酰胺，十二烯基琥珀酸或酐和脂肪酸如油酸与多胺的缩合产物。在一个实施方案中，腐蚀抑制剂包括(The Dow Chemical Company的注册商标)腐蚀抑制剂。腐蚀抑制剂可以是环氧丙烷的均聚物或共聚物。在由The Dow ChemicalCompany出版的Form No.118-01453-0702AMS的产品手册中更详细地描述了腐蚀抑制剂。该产品手册的标题为“SYNALOX Lubricants,High-Performance Polyglycolsfor Demanding Applications”。
金属减活剂包括苯并三唑(通常为甲苯基三唑)的衍生物，二巯基噻二唑衍生物，1,2,4-三唑，苯并咪唑，2-烷基二硫代苯并咪唑或2-烷基二硫代苯并噻唑。
在一个实施方案中，除了本文所述的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物之外，还可以使用上述腐蚀抑制剂和金属减活剂。在又一个实施方案中，上述腐蚀抑制剂和金属减活剂可以用本文所述的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物代替。
抑泡剂包括聚硅氧烷或丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯以及任选乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物。破乳剂包括磷酸三烷基酯，聚乙二醇，聚氧化乙烯，聚氧化丙烯和(氧化乙烯-氧化丙烯)聚合物。倾点下降剂包括马来酸酐-苯乙烯的酯，聚甲基丙烯酸酯，聚丙烯酸酯或聚丙烯酰胺。
在不同的实施方案中，润滑组合物可以具有如表2中所述的组成。下表2中所示的重量百分比(重量％)基于活性物质。
表2
工业应用
润滑组合物可以用于内燃机中。发动机或发动机组件可以由包含铅或铜的合金制成。发动机组件可以具有钢或铝的表面(通常是钢的表面)。
铝表面可以来源于铝合金，其可以是共晶或超共晶铝合金(例如衍生自硅酸铝，氧化铝或其他陶瓷材料的铝合金)。铝表面可以存在于具有铝合金或铝复合材料的气缸腔、气缸体或活塞环上。
内燃机可以具有或可以不具有排气再循环系统。内燃机可以安装排放控制系统或涡轮增压器。排放控制系统的实例包括柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)或采用选择性催化还原(SCR)的系统。
在一个实施方案中，内燃机可以是柴油燃料发动机(通常是重型柴油机)，汽油燃料发动机，天然气燃料发动机或混合汽油/醇燃料发动机。在一个实施方案中，内燃机可以是柴油燃料发动机，并且在另一个实施方案中可以是汽油燃料发动机。在一个实施方案中，内燃机可以是重型柴油机。
内燃机可以是二冲程或四冲程发动机。合适的内燃机包括船用柴油机，航空活塞式发动机，低负荷柴油机及汽车和卡车发动机。
用于内燃机的润滑剂组合物可适用于任何发动机润滑剂，而与硫、磷或硫酸化灰分(ASTM D-874)含量无关。所述润滑组合物可以表征为具有(i)0.2重量％至0.4重量％或更低的硫含量，(ii)0.08重量％至0.15重量％的磷含量，和(iii)0.5重量％至1.5重量％或更低的硫酸化灰分含量。润滑组合物的特征在于具有(i)0.5重量％或更低的硫含量，(ii)0.1重量％或更低的磷含量，和(iii)0.5重量％至1.5重量％或更低的硫酸化灰分含量。
在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以表征为具有0.5重量％至1.2重量％的硫酸化灰分含量。
已知上述一些材料可以在最终制剂中相互作用，使得最终制剂的组分可不同于最初添加的那些。例如，金属离子(例如清净剂的)可以迁移到其他分子的其他酸性或阴离子位。由此形成的产品，包括以其预期用途使用本发明组合物时形成的产品，可能不容易描述。尽管如此，所有这些修改和反应产物都包括在本发明的范围内；本发明包括通过混合上述组分制备的组合物。
以下实施例提供了本发明的说明。这些实施例是非穷尽性的，并不意在限制本发明的范围。
实施例-合成吡咯-丙烯酸加成物
以下实施例显示各种Michael反应产物的合成，包括本文所述的吡咯-丙烯酸加合物。
实施例A-1-甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-1，将甲苯基三唑TTZL(1摩尔当量)，丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(1摩尔当量)，三乙胺(0.33摩尔当量)和乙腈加入到4-颈1-L圆底烧瓶中。剧烈搅拌混合物以促进TTZL的溶解。反应保持在75℃直到反应完成。在旋转蒸发和经煅烧硅藻土过滤时获得包含吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的反应混合物。
实施例A-2-苯并三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-2，使苯并三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例A-3-咪唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-3，使咪唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例A-4-1,2,4-三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-4，使1,2,4-三唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例A-5-苯并咪唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-5，使苯并咪唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例A-6-吡唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-6，使吡唑和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例A-7-甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸丁酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-7，使甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸丁酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例A-8-甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸乙酯的反应产物
对于实施例A-8，使甲苯基三唑和丙烯酸乙酯在与实施例A-1相同的反应条件下反应。
实施例-吡咯-丙烯酸加合物的性能
润滑剂实施例0至实施例5
在组II具有润滑粘度的基础油中制备含有上述添加剂以及常规添加剂的一系列5W-30发动机润滑剂，常规添加剂包括聚合物粘度改进剂，无灰琥珀酰亚胺分散剂，过碱性清净剂，抗氧化剂(酚酯、二芳基胺和硫化烯烃的组合)和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)。所有润滑剂均按照下表3中的常规配方制备。
表3-润滑油组合物基础配方1
| 基线(BL1) | |
| 组II基础油 | 余量至100％ |
| 过碱性清净剂2 | 0.88 |
| 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 | 0.57 |
| 抗氧化剂 | 2.4 |
| 活性分散剂3 | 2.7 |
| 粘度改进剂 | 0.75 |
| 其它添加剂4 | 0.76 |
| ％磷 | 0.05 |
1.所有浓度均基于无油(即基于活性物质)
2.Na和Ca烷基磺酸盐
3.2000Mn PIB琥珀酰亚胺分散剂(TBN～28)
4.其他添加剂包括摩擦改性剂、抑泡剂等。
将所公开技术的添加剂添加到上面的基线油中，如表4中总结的。
表4-润滑油组合物配方
| TTZL | A-1 | A-2 | A-3 | A-4 | A-5 | |
| BL1 | ||||||
| 实施例0 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例1 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例2 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例3 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例4 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例5 | 0.05 |
TTZL＝甲基1H苯并三唑
根据D6594高温腐蚀台架试验(HTCBT)方案，在铜和铅台架腐蚀试验中评价上述润滑剂。测量试验结束时油中铅(Pb)和铜(Cu)的量，并与试验开始时的量进行比较。油中铅含量和铜含量降低表明铅和铜的腐蚀减少。总的来说，每种润滑剂获得的结果显示在下表5中。
表5-腐蚀台架试验
| 实施例 | Cu(ppm) | Pb(ppm) |
| BL1 | 88 | 562 |
| 实施例0 | 46 | 799 |
| 实施例1 | 29 | 461 |
| 实施例2 | 32 | 460 |
| 实施例3 | 52 | 541 |
| 实施例4 | 71 | 517 |
| 实施例5 | 74 | 347 |
润滑剂实施例EX6至EX14
在组II具有润滑粘度的基础油中制备含有上述添加剂以及常规添加剂的一系列15W-40发动机润滑剂，常规添加剂包括聚合物粘度改进剂，无灰琥珀酰亚胺分散剂，过碱性清净剂，抗氧化剂(酚酯、二芳基胺和硫化烯烃的组合)和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)。所有润滑剂由表6中的常规配方制备。
表6-润滑油组合物基础配方1
| 基线(BL2) | |
| 组II基础油 | 余量至100％ |
| 钙过碱性清净剂2 | 1.73 |
| 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 | 1.09 |
| 抗氧化剂 | 1.23 |
| 活性分散剂3 | 4.76 |
| 粘度改进剂 | 0.56 |
| 其它添加剂4 | 1.16 |
| ％磷 | 0.11 |
5.所有浓度均基于无油(即基于活性物质)
6.烷基磺酸盐和硫偶连烷基酚的组合
7. 2200Mn PIB琥珀酰亚胺分散剂(TBN～55)
8.其他添加剂包括摩擦改性剂、抑泡剂、表面活性剂和烟灰DVM促进剂
将本发明添加剂添加到上面的基线油中，如表7中总结的。
表7-润滑油组合物配方
| TTZL化合物1 | MBTZ化合物2 | A-1 | A-3 | A-4 | A-6 | |
| BL2 | ||||||
| 实施例6 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例7 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例8 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例9 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例10 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例11 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例12 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例13 | 0.1 | |||||
| 实施例14 | 0.05 | |||||
| 实施例15 | 0.1 |
MBTZ＝N-甲基苯并三唑
根据扩展的ASTM D6594高温腐蚀台架试验(HTCBT)方案(试验运行240小时而不是168小时)，在铜和铅台架腐蚀试验中评价上述润滑剂。测量试验结束时油中铅(Pb)和铜(Cu)的量，并与试验开始时的量进行比较。油中铅含量和铜含量降低表明铅和铜的腐蚀减少。对于每种润滑剂获得的结果总结在表8中。
表8-腐蚀台架测试
| 实施例 | Cu(ppm)240hr | Pb(ppm)240hr |
| BL2 | 59 | 77 |
| 实施例6 | 252 | 77 |
| 实施例7 | 25 | 363 |
| 实施例8 | 67 | 80 |
| 实施例9 | 10 | 85 |
| 实施例10 | 11 | 74 |
| 实施例11 | 10 | 101 |
| 实施例12 | 9 | 81 |
| 实施例13 | 10 | 86 |
| 实施例14 | 13 | 84 |
| 实施例15 | 11 | 72 |
令人惊讶的是，这些吡咯衍生物表现出比TTZL或MBTZ更强的性能。
虽然为了说明本发明的目的已经示出了某些代表性实施方案和细节，但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以在其中进行各种改变和修改。就这一点而言，本发明的范围仅由以下权利要求限制。
Claims (22)
1.润滑组合物，包含：
a.具有润滑粘度的油；
b.吡咯-丙烯酸加合物，其中：
i.所述加合物通过使吡咯化合物与丙烯酸类接触而形成；和
ii.所述加合物具有至少一个包含至少一个酰基的氮-烷基；
c.抗磨剂；和
d.抗氧化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的润滑组合物，其中所述丙烯酸类包含至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酰胺或其组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的润滑组合物，其中所述丙烯酸类为具有式(I)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯：
其中R是氢或C1-C20烃基，R1是C1-C20烃基。
4.根据权利要求3所述的润滑组合物，其中R是氢或甲基。
5.根据权利要求3至4所述的润滑组合物，其中所述(甲基)丙烯酸酯包含至少一种丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或其组合。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述丙烯酸类包括至少一种甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酰胺或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述丙烯酸类包括丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙烯酸十六烷基酯、丙烯酸十三烷基酯、丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸癸基酯、丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯或其组合中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述丙烯酸类包括甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十六烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十三烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸癸基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丙基庚基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其组合中的至少一种。
9.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述吡咯化合物包括苯并三唑、苯并三唑衍生物、咪唑、咪唑衍生物、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,3-三唑衍生物、1,2,4-三唑、1,2,4-三唑衍生物、1,3,4-三唑、1,3,4-三唑衍生物、苯并咪唑、苯并咪唑衍生物、吡唑、吡唑衍生物、1,4-甲基苯并三唑、或其组合中的至少一种。
10.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述吡咯-丙烯酸加合物由式(II)或(III)表示：
其中R2和R3独立地为氢或C1-C20烃基，或者当R2和R3一起时形成含有5至6个碳原子的饱和或不饱和环；R4是包含至少一个酰基的C2-C40烃基，其中烃基是线性的、支化的、同素环的或杂环的或其组合；X1是N或C；X2和X3独立地为N或C-R5，其中R5为氢或C1-C12烃基。
11.根据权利要求10所述的吡咯-丙烯酸类加合物，其中X1、X2和X3中的至少两个是N。
12.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述吡咯-丙烯酸加合物具有式(IV)：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基；R7与氮原子连接并且是线性的C2烃基；R8是C1-C20烃基并且是线性的、支化的、同素环的、杂环的或其组合。
13.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述吡咯-丙烯酸加合物包含至少一种具有式(V)、(VI)、(VII)、(VIII)、(IX)或(X)的加合物：
其中R6是氢或C1-C20烃基。
14.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，其中所述抗磨剂含有磷并且以使得所述润滑组合物具有基于所述润滑组合物的总重量为至少300ppm磷的量存在。
15.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，还包含至少一种含氮分散剂。
16.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，还包含至少一种含硼化合物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的润滑组合物，其中所述含硼化合物包含至少一种硼酸酯、硼酸酯醇或其组合。
18.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，还包含至少一种过碱性清净剂。
19.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物，基于所述润滑组合物的总重量，包含0.01重量％至5重量％的所述吡咯-丙烯酸加合物。
20.一种润滑内燃机的方法，包括使所述内燃机与根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的润滑组合物接触。
21.吡咯-丙烯酸加合物在根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的润滑组合物中以减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化的用途。
22.一种减少内燃机中的腐蚀和/或密封劣化的方法，包括使所述内燃机与根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的润滑组合物接触。
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| CN114555762A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-05-27 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 三唑类型的化合物作为用于改善旨在用于电动或混合动力车辆推进系统的润滑组合物的抗腐蚀性能的添加剂的用途 |
| CN114555762B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-06-20 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 三唑类型的化合物作为用于改善旨在用于电动或混合动力车辆推进系统的润滑组合物的抗腐蚀性能的添加剂的用途 |
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| WO2017031143A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
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| US20180245012A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
| CN108200770A (zh) | 2018-06-22 |
| BR112018003276A2 (pt) | 2018-09-25 |
| WO2017031145A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
| CA2995757C (en) | 2023-10-03 |
| JP2021165408A (ja) | 2021-10-14 |
| US11674105B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
| JP2018523745A (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
| CN108138070B (zh) | 2022-01-25 |
| JP7208790B2 (ja) | 2023-01-19 |
| EP3337882A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
| EP3337881A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
| US20180237717A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
| CA2995757A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
| CA2995956A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
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