CN108135693A - 经导管主动脉瓣置入术的锚定辅助装置 - Google Patents

经导管主动脉瓣置入术的锚定辅助装置 Download PDF

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CN108135693A
CN108135693A CN201680026280.0A CN201680026280A CN108135693A CN 108135693 A CN108135693 A CN 108135693A CN 201680026280 A CN201680026280 A CN 201680026280A CN 108135693 A CN108135693 A CN 108135693A
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expansion
auxiliary device
kenel
ring
expandable stent
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CN108135693B (zh
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胡安·F·格拉纳达
马丁·G·福兰
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Boston Scientific Scimed Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418—Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2409—Support rings therefor, e.g. for connecting valves to tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/2436—Deployment by retracting a sheath
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/2439—Expansion controlled by filaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/0054—V-shaped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0003—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having an inflatable pocket filled with fluid, e.g. liquid or gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0037—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/006—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0069—Sealing means

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

一种植入系统包括具有致动机构的输送护套，包括可扩张支架的锚定辅助装置，支架包括中间体区段(114)，瓣尖接口区段(116)和冠状端部构造(118)以及置换心脏瓣膜植入物。瓣尖接口区段包括围绕可展开支架而径向间隔排列的多个环圈部(134)。每个环圈部藉由具有展开环(134)的区域(133)与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，该区域被配置成跨越主动脉瓣的连合，且比起环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离。细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与展开环接合，以将可扩张支架从输送型态驱动到展开型态。置换心脏瓣膜植入物被配置成在展开型态中至少部分地设置在可扩张支架内。

Description

经导管主动脉瓣置入术的锚定辅助装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年08月12日提交的美国临时申请No.62/204,090的优先权、2015年03月06日提交的美国临时申请No.62/129,184以及2016年03月03日提交的美国发明专利申请No.15/060,258，该些文献的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及锚定辅助装置，例如用于帮助锚定医疗植入物于体腔中的支架。具体来说，本发明涉及被配置成强化体腔的锚定辅助装置，以提供展开医疗植入物的稳定基础。
背景技术
医疗植入物可被配置成定位在体腔内做各种医疗应用。例如，可以使用医疗植入物来治疗血管中的狭窄、维持在血管、尿液、胆汁、气管与支气管、食道、或肾小管中的流体开口或通路、或者在一些情况下，将诸如在体腔内的人工瓣膜或过滤器之类的装置定位。在一些情况下，医疗植入物可以被扩张和/或锚定在体腔的壁或表面上。然而，如果体腔的壁不能为向外的径向力提供稳定的基础以锚定医疗植入物，则一些医疗植入物可能会倾向于通过体腔而迁移。
因此，会需要提供能增强医疗植入物的锚定特征的内置假体或锚定辅助装置，并同时提供锚定辅助装置的定位灵活性。
发明内容
本发明涉及制造医疗装置结构和组件的几种替代设计、材料和方法及其用途。
在第一方面，一种锚定辅助装置，包括：具有中间体区段的可扩张支架，所述中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，所述可扩张支架具有从所述中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从所述中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造。所述可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态。所述瓣尖接口区段包括围绕所述可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，所述每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶。每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，所述区域被配置成跨越所述主动脉瓣的连合且比起所述环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第二方面，每个环圈部包括两个瓣尖环圈。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第三方面，每个区域包括次环圈，每个次环圈具有与其联接的展开环。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第四方面，两个瓣尖环圈在展开型态中在次环圈的远侧且沿圆周向重叠。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第五方面，两个瓣尖环圈在展开型态中在次环圈的远侧且沿圆周向彼此间隔开。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第六方面，每个展开环从它的次环圈的螺旋环圈部形成。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第七方面，每个展开环与它的次环圈的螺旋环圈部一体成形。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第八方面，每个环圈部比每个区域围绕中心纵向轴线沿圆周向延伸较长的距离。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第九方面，锚定辅助装置的环圈部与区域的数量相等
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十方面，锚定辅助装置输送系统包括具有至少一个腔室以及致动机构的输送护套，腔室纵向延伸通过输送护套，致动机构设置在输送护套的近端。锚定辅助装置包括具有中间体区段的可扩张支架，中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，可扩张支架具有从中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造。可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态。瓣尖接口区段包括围绕可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶。每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，区域被配置成跨越主动脉瓣的连合且比起环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离。其中细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与展开环接合，使得细长展开构件响应于致动机构的启动而致动可扩张支架从输送型态变成展开型态。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十一方面，致动机构被配置成相对于输送护套轴向平移细长展开构件。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十二方面，细长展开构件的远端包括多个展开环圈，每个展开环圈被配置成可释放地与一个展开环接合。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十三方面，每个展开环圈至少部分延伸穿过一个展开环。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十四方面，朝近端收回细长展开构件，在每个展开环圈与其相应的展开环之间产生干涉，因此致动可扩张支架从输送型态变成展开型态。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十五方面，实现展开型态之后，进一步朝近端收回细长展开构件拉动每个展开环圈通过其相应的展开环，而将细长展开构件脱离可扩张支架。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十六方面，一种医疗植入物系统包括具有至少一个腔室以及致动机构的输送护套，腔室纵向延伸通过输送护套，致动机构设置在输送护套的近端。医疗植入物系统也包括锚定辅助装置，其包括具有中间体区段的可扩张支架，中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，可扩张支架具有从中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造。医疗植入物系统也包括置换心脏瓣膜植入物。可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态。瓣尖接口区段包括围绕可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶。每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，区域被配置成跨越主动脉瓣的连合且比起环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离。细长展开构件从致动机构延伸到锚定辅助装置，锚定辅助装置可设置在输送护套的远侧部中。细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与展开环接合，使得细长展开构件响应于致动机构的启动而致动可扩张支架从输送型态变成展开型态。置换心脏瓣膜植入物被配置为在展开型态中至少部分地设置在可扩展支架内。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十七方面，置换心脏瓣膜植入物包括经导管主动脉瓣植入(TAVI)装置或经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)装置。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十八方面，可置换心脏瓣膜植入物包括锚定构件，锚定构件可从折叠型态扩张到安装型态，锚定构件被配置成在安装型态中径向接合可扩张支架。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第十九方面，当锚定构件与可扩张支架径向接合时，锚定辅助装置避免置换心脏瓣膜植入物的迁移。
作为上述任何实施例的替代或补充，在第二十方面，细长展开构件的远端包括多个展开环圈，每个展开环圈被配置成可释放地与一个展开环接合。朝近端回收细长展开构件，在每个展开环圈与其相应的展开环之间产生干涉，因此致动可扩张支架从输送型态变成展开型态。
上述一些实施例的发明内容的意图不在描述每个实施例或本揭示的每种实施方式。以下的附图与具体实施方法，将更详尽地陈述这些实施例。
附图说明
考虑以下结合附图的详细描述，可以更全面地理解本发明，其中：
图1是一部分心脏和某些相连的脉管系统的示意图；
图2是示例性锚定辅助装置的平面图；
图3是示例性锚定辅助装置在输送形态的部分侧视图；
图4是示例性锚定辅助装置在部分展开形态的部分侧视图；
图5是示例性锚定辅助装置在展开形态的部分侧视图；
图6至7是示出将示例性锚定辅助装置输送进入体腔的方面；
图8至9是示出将示例性医疗植入物输送进入位于体腔内的示例性锚定辅助装置的方面；
图9A至9B是位于体腔内的示例性医疗植入物的部分剖面图；
图10是示例性锚定辅助装置的平面图；
图11是示例性锚定辅助装置在输送形态的部分侧视图；
图12是示例性锚定辅助装置在部分展开形态的部分侧视图；
图13是示例性锚定辅助装置在展开形态的部分侧视图；
图14是用于本发明的锚定辅助装置的示例性展开机构的示意图；
图15至19是示出将示例性锚定辅助装置输送进入体腔的方面；以及
图20至21是示出将示例性医疗植入物输送进入位于体腔内的示例性锚定辅助装置的方面
虽然本发明可修改为各种变型和替代形式，其细节已通过附图中的实施例显示，并且做出详细的描述。然而应当理解，其目的并不是将本发明的特征限制于所描述的特定实施例。相反的是，是为了包含所有列于本发明的精神与观点的范围的修改、等同物和替代物。
具体实施方式
下面的详细描述应参考附图来阅读，其中相似的构件在不同的图中采用相同的标记。所述附图，不一定是按比例的，描绘说明性实施例不意在限制本发明的范围。本领域技术人员应理解在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，可用各种组合和配置来安排所描述和/或示出的各种构件。详细描述和附图示出了要求保护的发明的示例性实施例。
提供用于以下定义术语的定义，意指为引用这些定义，除非上下文另有说明。
此处假设所有数值都被术语“约”修饰，无论是否明确指出。术语“约”通常是指本领域技术人员认为等同于所引用的值(意即，具有相同的功能或结果)的数量范围。在许多例子中，术语“约”可以包括四舍五入到最接近的有效数值的数字。
由两端数字界定的数值范围表述，包括该范围内所有数字(例如，1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4、和5)。
如本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”、及“所述的”包括复数对象，除非内容中另有明确说明。如本说明书和所附权利要求书中，通常使用的术语“或”，其意义包括“和/或”，除非内容中另有明确说明。
诸如“近侧”、“远侧”、“前进”、“缩回”、其变型等相对术语通常被考虑和相对于装置用户/操作者/操纵器的各种构件的定位、方向和/或操作相关连，其中“近侧”和“缩回”指示或指向更靠近或朝向用户，且“远侧”和“前进”指示或指向远离或离开用户。诸如“上游”和“下游”的其他相关术语是指在腔室内，例如体腔或血管内的流体流动方向。
应当注意，在说明书中对“实施例”、“一些实施例”、“其他实施例”等的引用表示所描述的实施例可以包括一个以上的特定特征、结构和/或特性。然而，这种说明并不一定意味着所有实施例都包括特定特征、结构和/或特性。另外，当描述一个实施例与特定特征，结构和/或特征连接时，应当理解，无论是否有明确地描述，亦可使用这些特征、结构和/或特性与其他实施例结合，除非清楚指出相反之处。也就是说，如同本领域技术人员所理解的，即使没有明确显示出特定组合，下面描述的各种独立构件仍被认为是可彼此组合或安排以形成其他附加实施例或补充和/或加强所描述的实施例。
为了清楚起见，在整个说明书和/或权利要求书中可以使用某些识别数字命名法(例如，第一、第二、第三、第四等)来命名和/或区分各种描述的和/或要求保护的特征。应当理解，数字命名法并不旨在是限制性的，而仅仅是示例性。在一些实施例中，为了简洁和清楚起见，可以对先前使用的数字命名法的改变和偏离进行。也就是说，被识别为“第一”构件的特征稍后可被称为“第二”构件、“第三”构件等，或者可以被完全省略，和/或不同的特征可以被称为“第一”构件。每种情况下的意义和/或指定对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
术语“经主动脉瓣植入”和“经导管主动脉瓣植入”可以互换使用，并且可以使用首字母缩略词“TAVI”作为引用。
术语“经主动脉瓣置换”和“经导管主动脉瓣置换”可以互换使用，并且可以使用首字母缩略词“TAVR”作为引用。
图1是示出一部分患者的心脏10和某些相连的脉管系统的示意图，例如通过主动脉弓22连接到心脏10的主动脉20和冠状动脉40。可以在主动脉20碰到和/或连接心脏10处示例性看到主动脉瓣的小叶30。在小叶30的下游侧的区域是本文所述的瓣尖34，其中瓣尖34是小叶30与主动脉20的壁和/或直接位于主动脉瓣的下游和/或相邻主动脉瓣的主动脉弓22之间的空间。小叶30在连合32处接触或相交。因此，小叶30是三尖瓣心脏瓣膜，例如正常主动脉瓣。三个连合部32之间设置有三个瓣尖34。在双心脏心脏瓣膜中，两个连合32设置于两个瓣尖34之间。
在图2和图10的平面图中，示出了示例性可植入锚定辅助装置100，被配置成定位在体腔内适用于各种医疗应用。例如，锚定辅助装置100可用于治疗血管狭窄、维持血管、泌尿道、胆道，气管与支气管、食道、或肾小管中的流体开口或通路、或者像是在一些情况下，在体腔内定位诸如人工瓣膜的装置或更换瓣膜或过滤器。在一些情况下，锚定辅助装置100可以是假体移植物、支架移植物或支架(例如血管支架、气管支架、支气管支架、食道支架等)。尽管本文示出锚定辅助装置100是支架或支架状结构，锚定辅助装置100也可以是经由内窥镜、皮下、经皮和/或手术引入而定位在器官、组织或体腔内的数种装置中的任何一种装置，例如心脏、动脉、静脉、尿道、食道、气管、支气管、胆管等。
在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以是自扩张锚定辅助装置，被配置成可藉由移除施加在锚定辅助装置上的约束力，而从输送型态自动地扩张到展开型态。在其他实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以是机械可扩张的锚定辅助装置，被配置成可通过施加在锚定辅助装置上的机械力(例如，径向扩张的球囊或启动展开部件)，而从输送型态扩张到展开型态。在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置可与自扩张锚定辅助装置和机械可扩张锚定辅助装置中任一、一些、或所有的构件结合使用。
在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以是由可扩张支架112形成的大体管状构件，该可扩张支架112具有定义出中心纵向轴线的中间体区段114。在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112可以包括瓣尖接口区段116，瓣尖接口区段116从中间体区段114的远端朝远侧方向轴向或纵向延伸。在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112可包括从中间体区段114的近端朝近侧方向轴向或纵向延伸的冠状端部构造118。
在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112可以包括定义出外径的外表面、以及定义出内径的内表面、和/或沿着中心纵向轴线延伸穿过可扩张支架112的腔室。在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112的中间体区段114可以包括沿着锚定辅助装置100的长度排列的多个支柱列120。在一些情况下，多个支柱列120围绕周边的可扩张支架112的周长延伸。
如本文所使用的，可扩张支架112的外表面旨在表示与可扩张支架112和/或锚定辅助装置100的外径相互对应的多个支柱列120的径向向外表面。如本文使用的，可扩张支架112的内表面旨在表示与可扩张支架112和/或锚定辅助装置100的内径和/或腔室相互对应的多个支柱列120的径向向内的表面。
在一些实施例中，多个支柱列120可以包括沿着可扩张支架112的长度排列的两个、三个、四个、五个、六个以上的支柱。在一些实施例中，相邻的支柱列之间可以定义出间隙或裂缝，每个间隙或裂缝具有沿着中心纵向轴线的长度并且藉由间隙或裂缝将相邻的支柱列120分隔开来。因此，锚定辅助装置100的长度可以至少部分地由支柱列120的数量和/或间隙或裂缝的长度决定。在一些实施例中，多个支柱列120中的一些或全部可以彼此紧邻，在支柱列120之间没有间隙或裂缝，因此在一些实施例中可以直接连接在一起。在至少一些实施例中，可扩张的支架112和/或中间体区段114可以形成为由多个单独细线形成的交叉图案编织物或类似结构。
在一些实施例中，每个支柱列120可以包括连续波形支柱，连续波形支柱彼此之间定义出裂缝空间或开口。在一些实施例中，每个支柱列120可以包括多个相交的支柱或细线。每个支柱列120的支柱可以包括交替的峰124和谷126，峰124和谷126对应于支柱的相交，收敛和/或发散的个别区段。与支柱列120相关联的峰124朝向可扩张支架112的第一端定位，而与支柱列120相关联的谷126朝向可扩张支架112的第二相对端定位。在一些实施例中，一个支柱列120的峰124可以直接连接到相邻的支柱列120的谷126，反之亦然。
锚定辅助装置100可以由任何所需材料形成，例如包括生物稳定型、生物可吸收型、可生物降解型、和/或可生物蚀解型材料的生物相容性材料。例如，锚定辅助装置100可以由金属材料、聚合物材料或其合适的组合形成。一些合适的金属材料包括但不一定限于不锈钢、钽、钨、镍-钛合金，例如具有通常称为镍钛诺、镍铬合金、镍-铬-铁合金、钴、铬-镍合金或其它合适的金属、或其组合或合金。一些合适的聚合物材料包括但不限于聚酰胺、聚醚嵌段酰胺、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚砜及其共聚物、共混物、混合物或组合。
在一些情况下，锚定辅助装置100的可扩张支架112可以由诸如金属管的单个管状构件形成整体结构。例如，可由切割单个金属管状构件(例如激光切割)，然后再扩张而获得可扩张支架112。因此，在一些情况下，可由切割单个金属管切割形成的整体结构获得可扩张支架112的多个支柱列120。在一些情况下，可切割单个聚合物管状构件获得可扩张支架112的多个支柱列120。在一些实施例中，可机械加工、化学蚀刻或以其它方式加工单个管状构件形成整体结构而获得可扩张的支架112。
在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112的中间体区段114可以形成为交叉图案编织物。在一些实施例中，瓣尖接口区段116和冠状端部构造118可以黏合、接合、结合或以其他方式连接到中间体区段114。在一些实施例中，瓣尖接口区段116和冠状端部构造118可以与中间体区段114整体地和/或单一地形成。在一些实施例中，中间体区段114、瓣尖接口区段116和/或冠状端部构造118可以由不同的材料形成。在一些实施例中，中间体区段114、瓣尖接口区段116和/或冠状端部构造118可以由相似或相同的材料形成。在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112可由在心轴或其它工具上或周围施加和/或定位多个单独的细线来形成、制造或以其它方式制成。在一些实施例中，瓣尖接口区段116和/或冠状端部构造118可由与用来形成中间体区段114的相同多个细线形成。
在一些实施例中，冠状端部构造118可以形成与中间体区段114的相邻细线连接的一系列独立的环，如图2和图10所示。在一些实施例中，冠状端部构造118的一系列独立的环可以不与中间体区段114的远侧重叠或相交。在一些实施例中，冠状端部构造118的一系列独立的环可以与中间体区段114的远侧重叠或相交。在一些实施例中，冠状端部构造118的一系列独立的环可以由中间体区段114向近侧延伸，延伸的距离比瓣尖接口区段116向远侧延伸的距离更短或更小。
在一些实施例中，瓣尖接口区段116可以包括围绕可扩张支架112的中心纵向轴线并以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部130。在一些实施例中，瓣尖接口区段116的多个环圈部130可以包括围绕可扩张支架112的中心纵向轴线并以径向间隔排列的三个环圈部130。在一些实施例中，瓣尖接口区段116的多个环圈部130可以包括两个环圈部、三个环圈部、四个环圈部、五个环圈部、六个环圈部或其它合适数量或数量的环圈部。在一些实施例中，多个环圈部130可以围绕可扩张支架112的中心纵向轴线(例如，180度、120度、90度、72度、60度等)以大致相等的距离径向间隔排列。
在一些实施例中，多个环圈部130(例如，三个环圈部中的每个)中的每个可以藉由从中间体区段114a的远端向远侧延伸的区域131在圆周向上与另一个环圈部130间隔开来，该距离比多个环圈部130到远端的距离更短。在一些实施例中，区域131可以包括次环圈132。在一些实施例中，区域131具有展开环133和/或次环圈132可以包括与次环圈132连接的展开环133。在一些实施例中，每个展开环133可以由其次环圈132的螺旋环圈部形成。在一些实施例中，每个展开环133可与其次环圈13一体成形。
在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以包括相等数量或数目的环圈部130和区域131和/或次环圈132。例如，在一些实施例中，可扩张支架可以包括三个环圈部130和三个区域131和/或次环圈132，每个区域131和/或次环圈132设置在两个相邻的环圈部130之间。在一些实施例中，每个环圈部130围绕中心纵向轴线延伸的圆周向距离比每个区域131和/或次环圈132延伸的圆周向距离更长或更大。
在一些实施例中，每个环圈部130可以包括两个以上的瓣尖环圈134。在一些实施例中，每个环圈部130可以包括两个瓣尖环圈134。在一些实施例中，每个环圈部130可以包括三个瓣尖环圈、四个瓣尖环圈、五个瓣尖环圈、或其他合适数量或数量的瓣尖环圈。在一些实施例中，在展开型态下，两个以上的瓣尖环圈134(例如，两个瓣尖环圈134)中的每个至少一部分，可与区域131和/或次环圈132的远侧在圆周向重叠，如图4和图12所示，在一些实施例中其可被视为部分展开型态。在一些实施例中，在展开型态中，两个以上的瓣尖环圈134(例如，两个瓣尖环圈134)与区域131和/或次环圈132的远端在圆周向上彼此间隔开，如图5和图13所示。换句话说，在一些实施例中，设置在区域131和/或次环圈132的远侧的两个以上的瓣尖环圈134的任何部分可以不在圆周向上彼此重叠。多个环圈部130的不同型态(例如，部分到完全或全部展开)允许单一尺寸的锚定辅助装置100可在多种不同尺寸的体腔内使用。
在使用中，锚定辅助装置100可以推进到体腔内的目标部位(例如，心脏瓣膜、主动脉瓣等)，例如血管、尿液、胆汁、气管与支气管、食道或肾小管的腔室。在一些实施例中，在输送型态，锚定辅助装置100可经皮穿刺通过位于输送护套200之中患者的脉管系统(如图3和图11所示，没有输送护套200)穿过患者主动脉20、穿过主动脉弓22、并且进入瓣尖34和/或与可能是有缺陷的主动脉瓣的小叶30相邻。如图6至7和15至19所示，将锚定辅助装置100和/或输送护套200推进到目标部位(例如，在主动脉瓣内或邻近主动脉瓣)之后，输送护套200可以相对于锚定辅助装置100向近侧缩回(和/或锚定辅助装置100可以相对于输送护套200向远侧推进)，使得锚定辅助装置100在目标部位上由输送型态展开到展开型态(如上所述)。类似地，如图15至19所示，锚定辅助装置100从输送护套200释放之后，从致动机构252延伸到锚定辅助装置100的细长展开构件250可以被致动以相对于输送护套200轴向平移细长展开构件250，而将锚定辅助装置100从输送型态驱动到展开型态，下文将进行更详尽地解释。
在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112的每个环圈部130可被配置成在展开型态(例如，进入位于小叶30和主动脉壁20和/或主动脉弓22之间的瓣尖34)中定位于紧邻心脏瓣膜(例如，主动脉瓣)和/或在心脏瓣膜(例如，主动脉瓣)的下游的位置。在一些实施例中，每个区域131和/或次环圈132可被配置成在展开型态中跨越和/或定位在心脏瓣膜(例如，主动脉瓣)的连合32的下游和上方。在至少一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以设置在天然主动脉瓣尖34和/或小叶30之间以及冠状动脉40的开口或口。通常，可以设定锚定辅助装置100的尺寸避免覆盖或重叠冠状动脉40的口。
如图8至9和图20至21所示，一些实施例中，在锚定辅助装置100内展开医疗植入物(例如，置换心脏瓣膜植入物)可能是有益的。在一些实施例中，置换心脏瓣膜植入物300可以设置在锚定辅助装置100附近的输送护套200内。另外输送护套200相对于置换心脏瓣膜植入物300而缩回可从输送护套200将置换心脏瓣膜植入物300展开。在一些实施例中，在展开锚定辅助装置100之后，可从目标部位和/或患者的脉管系统中收回输送护套200，而且如本文所述的展开护套400可以前进至其位置上的目标部位。在一些实施例中，如图8和20所示，展开护套400可以藉由输送护套200延伸和/或推进，其中展开护套400在其中承载置换心脏瓣膜植入物300。在一些实施例中，置换心脏瓣膜植入物300可以包括或采取主动脉瓣植入或经导管主动脉瓣植入(TAVI)装置或主动脉瓣置换或经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)装置的形式。随后将展开护套400推进到目标部位，然后可以将置换心脏瓣膜植入物300至少部分地排列和/或设置在锚定辅助装置100内。在一些实施例中，如图9、9A、9B和21所示，当置换心脏瓣膜植入物300在锚定辅助装置100之中扩张，天然心脏瓣膜小叶30可以被挤压、夹紧、收集或以其他方式设置在锚定辅助装置100和置换心脏瓣膜植入物300之间。
医疗植入系统可以包括诸如上述的锚定辅助装置100和在展开型态中至少部分地设置在锚定辅助装置100内的置换心脏瓣膜植入物300。在至少一些实施例中，置换心脏瓣膜植入物300可以包括从折叠型态可逆地致动到安装型态的锚定构件220。在一些实施例中，如图8和20所示，处于折叠型态的展开护套400可输送锚定构件220。在从置换护套400展开置换心脏瓣膜植入物300之后，锚定构件220可以是可逆地从折叠型态轴向缩回和/或径向扩张到安装型态。在至少一些实施例中，当锚定构件220处于安装型态而可扩张支架112处于展开型态时，锚定构件220可被配置成径向接合可扩张构架112，如图9和21所示。一些实施例中，当锚定构件220与可扩张支架112径向接合时，锚定辅助装置100可防止置换心脏瓣膜植入物300移动。
图2示出了锚定辅助装置100的可扩张支架112的展平图。注意，图2所示的图案表示出假设可扩张支架112被纵向切割并且变平的状态，但本领域技术人员将理解到，图案是围绕中心纵向轴线圆周向延伸。如图3所示，在输送型态中，多个支柱列120的峰124和谷126可以紧密排列。
类似地，图10示出了锚定辅助装置100的可扩张支架112的展平图。注意，图10所示的图案表示出假设可扩张支架112被纵向切割并平坦化，但是技术人员将理解到，图案将围绕中心纵向轴线圆周向延伸。如图11所示，在输送型态中，多个支柱列120的峰124和谷126可以紧密排列。
锚定辅助装置100可以被配置成在展开型态中接合体腔的壁，使得锚定辅助装置100植入体腔内之后会被限制移动。例如，锚定辅助装置100可以接合气管解剖结构内的软骨环之间的组织，以提供锚定辅助装置100抵抗移动的支撑。在至少一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以包括一个以上的锚定突起、钩子、倒钩或其他类似的特征，锚定突起被配置为接合和/或至少部分地穿透体腔的壁。
在展开型态中，可以在多个支柱列120的每个支柱之间定义出空间或开口。在一些情况下，空间或开口可被锚定辅助装置100的任何其他结构挡住。在某些情况下空间或开口可以被配置成接受组织向内生长，和/或多个支柱列120的支柱可以被配置成与组织接合或被组织向内生长而包覆封装。因此，在植入锚定辅助装置100之后，组织向内生长穿过空间或开口并覆盖或封装多个支柱列120的支柱，可进一步将锚定辅助装置100固定在患者解剖结构内的适当位置，从而防止锚定辅助装置100移动。
如上所述，相邻支柱列120之间的每个间隙或裂缝可以具有沿着可扩张支架112的中心纵向轴线的长度，并且使相邻的支柱列120可以间隔开。在一些实施例中，由一个支柱列120的谷126和紧邻谷126的另一个支柱列120的峰124可以定义相邻支柱列120之间的间隙或裂缝。在一些实施例中，相邻支柱列120之间的间隙或裂缝的长度可以沿着可扩张支架112的长度变化。
作为示例，在一些实施例中，第一支柱列120和第二支柱列120可限定其间的第一间隙或裂缝，第二支柱列120和第三支柱列120可以在其间限定第二间隙或裂缝，并且第三支柱列120和第四支柱列120可以在其间限定第三间隙或裂缝，其中第一裂缝的长度可以不同于第二裂缝的长度，和/或第三裂缝的长度可以不同于第二裂缝的长度。在一种情况下，第一裂缝、第二裂缝和第三裂缝可以各自是不同的长度。在另一种情况下，第一裂缝可以比第二裂缝短，第一裂缝可以比第三裂缝短。在另一种情况下，第一裂缝和第三裂缝可以长度相同，但与第二裂缝长度不同(例如，较短或更长)。
在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置100可以具有覆盖多个支柱列120的支柱的聚合物覆盖物。在一些实施例中，多个支柱列120的支柱之间的开口或空间没有聚合物覆盖物，可允许组织通过而向内生长。聚合物覆盖物可以是任何期望的聚合物涂层，例如聚氨酯涂层或硅氧烷涂层。其它涂层和/或涂层材料也可以考虑。在一些情况下，如果需要，聚合物覆盖物可以包括嵌入其中的治疗剂，或置于其上的治疗剂等等。
在一些实施例中，空间或开口允许组织向内生长，而聚合物覆盖物防止组织向内生长和/或通过锚定辅助装置100的其它部分。因此，在植入锚定辅助装置100之后，组织可以通过空间或开口，从而防止植入的锚定辅助装置100移动。然而，在组织向内生长之后的时间想要移除或重新定位锚定辅助装置100的情况下，从多个支柱列120的支柱上可以切除向内生长组织，和/或可以从向内生长组织上释放多个支柱列120的支柱。由于向内生长的组织仅位于离散位置(例如，在空间或开口处)，因此去除锚定辅助装置100的过程会比假设组织在整个可扩张支架112中向内生长的造成创伤更小，例如用裸露或无覆盖的锚定辅助装置。
如果希望用聚合物覆盖物涂覆可扩张的支架112，则可以施加聚合物覆盖物到可扩张的支架112。例如，可藉由将可扩张的支架112浸渍到具有聚合物材料溶液的储存器中以涂覆可扩张的支架112。在其他情况下，可以将聚合物材料溶液喷涂到可扩张支架112上，或以其它方式施加到可扩张支架112上。
在一些实施方案中，聚合物材料溶液层可跨越可扩张支架112形成，覆盖多个支柱列120并跨越相邻支柱列120之间的间隙或裂缝，以及多个支柱列120的支柱之间的空间或开口。在一些实施例中，可扩张支架112可以经受用于从多个支柱列120的支柱之间的空间或开口选择性地去除聚合物材料溶液层的过程，同时使聚合物材料保持覆盖在多个支柱列120的支柱上并跨越相邻支柱列120之间的间隙或间隙。
例如，流体(如空气)可以朝向空间或开口吹送以选择性地从空间或开口移除涂层。在其他实例中，延伸穿过空间或开口的聚合物涂层材料可能机械地爆裂或破裂，或者跨越空间或开口延伸的聚合物涂层材料的表面张力可被修改，例如化学改性，以使延伸穿过空间或开口的聚合物涂层材料爆裂或破裂。在其他示例中，可以防止聚合物涂层材料横跨多个支柱列120的支柱之间的空间或开口，同时保持覆盖多个支柱列120的支柱并覆盖相邻支柱之间的间隙或裂缝的涂层，例如可以在施加聚合物涂层材料之前掩盖空间或开口，然后随后移除此掩盖，或者可以预先处理多个支柱列120的支柱，例如涂覆材料，防止应用聚合物涂层材料时，聚合物涂层材料弄湿空间或开口。
在一些情况下，可以施加单层聚合物涂层以形成聚合物覆盖物。在其他情况下，可以施加多层聚合物涂层以形成聚合物覆盖物。延伸穿过空间或开口的涂层可以在施加每层涂层之后或涂覆多层涂层之后破裂。例如，流体可以朝向空间或开口吹送，以在涂覆每层涂层之后或者在施加了多层涂层之后破坏延伸穿过空间或开口的涂层。
接着，涂覆可扩张支架112的聚合物材料溶液可以被固化以形成设置在可扩张支架112上的聚合物覆盖物。在一些情况下，聚合物覆盖物可以延伸到可扩张支架112的整个长度。在其他情况下，如果需要，聚合物覆盖物仅可以沿着可扩张支架112的长度的一部分延伸。
一些实施例可以利用机械展开构件250，如图14所示。在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置输送系统可以包括输送护套200和致动机构252，输送护套200具有纵向穿过输送护套200而延伸的至少一个腔室和致动机构252设置在输送护套200的近端。在一些实施例中，锚定辅助装置输送系统可以包括从致动机构252延伸到锚定辅助装置100的细长展开构件250，锚定辅助装置100可以被放置在输送护套200的远端部内，如图14至15所示。在一些实施例中，细长展开构件250被配置成可释放地与锚定辅助装置100的展开环133接合，使得细长展开构件250从输送型态致动可扩张支架112(如图16所示)到展开型态(如图17至19所示)，以响应于致动机构252的启动。在一些实施例中，致动机构252可被配置成可相对于输送护套200和/或锚定辅助装置100轴向平移细长展开构件250。
在一些实施例中，细长展开构件250可以包括从致动机构252向远侧延伸的细长轴256。在一些实施例中，细长轴256可以是固定长度的实心构件，例如杆、气缸、销、轴、等等。在一些实施例中，细长轴256可以是固定长度的中空构件，例如具有延伸穿过其中的一个以上的腔的轴、海波管、管状构件等。在一些实施例中，细长轴256可以是可变长度的中空构件，其中一个以上的腔室延伸穿过其中，例如伸缩和/或可折叠的配置。在一些实施例中，根据需要，细长轴256可以是金属或聚合，以及可以是柔性或刚性(或半刚性)。
在一些实施例中，致动机构252可以包括固定到细长展开构件250和/或细长轴256的近端的手柄。在一些实施例中，致动机构252可以是细长展开构件250和/或细长轴256的近端。在一些实施例中，细长展开构件250可以包括设置在细长展开构件250远端的接合装置260。接合装置260被配置成可释放地与锚定辅助装置100和/或展开环133接合。在一些实施例中，接合装置260可以包括可充气球囊(未示出)。在一些实施例中，细长展开构件250和/或接合装置260可以包括在其远端处的多个展开环圈264，每个展开环圈264被配置成可释放地与一个展开环133接合。在一些实施例中，多个展开环圈264可以通过在多个展开环圈264之间延伸的一个以上的导线262连接到细长轴256的远端。在一些实施例中，一个导线262可以从细长轴256的远端延伸到一个展开环圈264的近端。换句话说，多个展开环圈264中的每个可藉由相应的线262连接到细长轴256的远端。在一些实施例中，一个以上的线262可以从细长轴256的远端延伸通过细长轴256的一个以上的腔室而到致动机构252。在一些实施例中，一个以上的线262可以延伸穿过细长轴256与致动机构252的单个致动器线连接在一起。在一些实施例中，一个以上的线262可以固接到细长轴256的远端，例如，以单独地、通过上述单个致动器线、或其某种组合的方式。
在一些实施例中，致动机构252可以包括致动器构件254，例如可旋转的轮、滑块、杠杆、旋钮等。在至少一些实施例中，致动器构件254的启动可以使细长轴256、单个致动器线和/或一个以上的线262相对于致动机构252向近端缩回。换句话说，致动构件254可以将细长轴256的远端、单个致动器线和/或一个以上的线262平移，而更靠近致动机构252(即，向近侧移动)。在一些实施例中，细长展开构件250可以是恒定长度而大致固定的构件。换句话说，细长展开构件250的各个构件可以相对于彼此固定定位。朝近侧收回致动机构252可以使细长展开构件250相对于输送护套200和/或锚定辅助装置100沿近端方向轴向平移。
如图16-18所示，每个展开环圈264可以至少部分地延伸穿过一个展开环133。在一些实施例中，每个展开环圈264可以完全或几乎完全地延伸(即，大于75％、大于80％、大于90％等)，例如当可扩张支架112处于输送型态时。在一些实施例中，朝近侧收回细长展开构件250，例如通过致动机构252的启动，可能在每个展开环圈264与其对应的展开环133之间产生干涉，使得可扩张支架112可以从输送型态变成展开型态。在至少一些实施例中，在实现展开型态之后，进一步近侧收回细长展开构件250可以将每个展开环圈264拉动穿过其对应的展开环133，并将细长展开构件250和/或多个展开环圈264与可扩张支架112脱离，如图19所示。在一些实施例中，在实现展开型态之后，进一步朝近侧收回细长展开构件250可以将每个展开环圈264完全拉动穿过其对应的展开环133，以将细长展开构件250和/或多个展开环圈264与可扩张支架112脱离。
在一些实施例中，展开环133可以具有最大内部宽度，并且多个展开环圈264可具有大于未变形或自然状态的展开环133的最大内部宽度的最大外部宽度。例如，这种配置可以轻易地在图16中看到。在一些实施例中，展开环133可以由与可扩张支架112相同的材料制成或形成，包括类似的物理特征(即，尺寸、刚度等)。在一些实施例中，展开环133可以由与可扩张支架112相同的材料制成或形成，但具有不同的物理特征(即，尺寸、刚度等)。在一些实施例中，展开环133可以由与可扩张支架112不同的材料制成或形成，但具有相似物理特征或者展开环133可以由与可扩张支架112不同的材料制成或形成，也不具有相似物理特征。
如上所述，当多个展开环圈264被拉向和/或穿过展开环133时会产生干涉，干涉会导致造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力。尺寸不匹配可能产生这种干扰，并且在一些情况下可以定义出造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力。在一些实施例中，多个展开环圈264的尺寸可以影响造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力，其中较大的展开环圈264可能更容易变形并被拉动穿过展开环133，从而减少造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力。类似地，更大的展开环133对于变形的抗力以及拉动展开环圈264穿过其中的力量较小，从而减少造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力。以类似的方式，当产生干涉时，更硬的材料不太可能弯曲、偏转或变形，因此对于这种材料而言，造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力可能更高。在一些实施例中，制成或形成多个展开环圈264的材料可以比制成或形成展开环133和/或可扩张支架112更薄和/或更柔性，这可以减少造成变形和/或使多个展开环圈264脱离展开环133所需的拉力。
在一些实施例中，多个展开环圈264可以形成8字形图案。在这些实施例中，8字形图案的每个“圆形突出部”可以具有大于展开环133的最大内部宽度的最大外部宽度。因此，每个“圆形突出部”可以用相同或相似的方式设置在上述多个展开环圈264。另外，8字形图案的型态可以允许多个展开环圈264起到动作机构的作用，展开可扩张的支架112(通过如上所述的朝近端收回)并将可扩张支架112折叠回到输送型态，透过细长展开构件250和/或多个展开环圈264相对于可扩张支架112和/或展开环133的远端致动。
应当理解，本发明的许多形态仅为示例性。在不超出本发明的范围的情况下，可对形状、尺寸、和步骤安排的细节进行变化。这包括在适当的程度上，在其他实施例中使用任一示例性实施例的任何特征。当然，本发明的范围是以所附权利要求书所表示的语言来定义的。

Claims (35)

1.一种锚定辅助装置，包括：
具有中间体区段的可扩张支架，所述中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，所述可扩张支架具有从所述中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从所述中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造；
其中所述可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态；
其中所述瓣尖接口区段包括围绕所述可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，所述每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶；
其中所述每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，所述区域被配置成跨越所述主动脉瓣的连合且比起所述环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锚定辅助装置，其中所述每个环圈部包括两个瓣尖环圈，并且其中每个区域包括次环圈，每个次环圈具有与其联接的所述展开环。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锚定辅助装置，其中所述两个瓣尖环圈在所述展开型态中在所述次环圈的远侧且沿圆周向重叠。
4.根据权利要求2所述的锚定辅助装置，其中所述两个瓣尖环圈在所述展开型态中在所述次环圈的远侧且沿圆周向彼此间隔开。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个展开环与它的次环圈的螺旋环圈部一体成形。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个环圈部比每个区域围绕所述中心纵向轴线沿圆周向延伸较长的距离。
7.一种锚定辅助装置输送系统，包括：
具有至少一个腔室以及致动机构的输送护套，所述腔室纵向延伸通过所述输送护套，所述致动机构设置在所述输送护套的近端；
从所述致动机构延伸到根据权利要求1所述的锚定辅助装置的细长展开构件，所述锚定辅助装置可设置在所述输送护套的远侧部中；
其中所述细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与所述展开环接合，使得所述细长展开构件响应于所述致动机构的启动而致动所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态变成所述展开型态。
8.根据权利要求7所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中所述致动机构被配置成相对于所述输送护套轴向平移所述细长展开构件。
9.根据权利要求7至8中任一所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中所述所述细长展开构件在其远端包括多个展开环圈，每个展开环圈被配置成可释放地与一个展开环接合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中每个展开环圈至少部分延伸穿过一个展开环。
11.根据权利要求10所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中所述细长展开构件朝近侧收回，在每个展开环圈与其相应的展开环之间产生干涉，因此致动所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态变成所述展开型态。
12.根据权利要求11所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中实现所述展开型态之后，进一步朝近端收回所述细长展开构件拉动每个展开环圈通过其相应的展开环，而将所述细长展开构件脱离所述可扩张支架。
13.一种医疗植入物系统，包括：
具有至少一个腔室以及致动机构的输送护套，所述腔室纵向延伸通过所述输送护套，所述致动机构设置在所述输送护套的近端；以及
置换心脏瓣膜植入物；
其中细长展开构件从所述致动机构延伸到根据权利要求1所述的锚定辅助装置，所述锚定辅助装置可设置在所述输送护套的远侧部中；
其中所述细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与所述展开环接合，以将所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态致动到所述展开型态；
其中所述置换心脏瓣膜植入物被配置成在展开型态中至少部分地设置在所述可扩张支架内。
14.根据权利要求13所述的医疗植入物系统，其中所述可置换心脏瓣膜植入物包括锚定构件，锚定构件可从折叠型态扩张到安装型态，所述锚定构件被配置成在所述安装型态中径向接合可扩张支架。
15.根据权利要求14所述的医疗植入物系统，其中当所述锚定构件与所述可扩张支架径向接合时，所述锚定辅助装置避免所述置换心脏瓣膜植入物的迁移。
16.一种锚定辅助装置，包括
具有中间体区段的可扩张支架，所述中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，所述可扩张支架具有从所述中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从所述中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造；
其中所述可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态；
其中所述瓣尖接口区段包括围绕所述可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，所述每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶；
其中所述每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，所述区域被配置成跨越所述主动脉瓣的连合且比起所述环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离。
17.根据权利要求16所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个环圈部包括两个瓣尖环圈。
18.根据权利要求17所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个区域包括次环圈，每个次环圈具有与其联接的所述展开环。
19.根据权利要求18所述的锚定辅助装置，其中所述两个瓣尖环圈在所述展开型态中在所述次环圈的远侧且沿圆周向重叠。
20.根据权利要求18所述的锚定辅助装置，其中所述两个瓣尖环圈在所述展开型态中在所述次环圈的远侧且沿圆周向彼此间隔开。
21.根据权利要求18所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个展开环形成自它的次环圈的螺旋环圈部。
22.根据权利要求18所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个展开环与它的次环圈的螺旋环圈部一体成形。
23.根据权利要求16所述的锚定辅助装置，其中每个环圈部比起每个区域围绕所述中心纵向轴线沿圆周向延伸较长的距离。
24.根据权利要求16所述的锚定辅助装置，其中所述锚定辅助装置的环圈部与区域的数量相等。
25.一种锚定辅助装置输送系统，包括
具有至少一个腔室以及致动机构的输送护套，所述腔室纵向延伸通过所述输送护套，所述致动机构设置在所述输送护套的近端；
从所述致动机构延伸到锚定辅助装置的细长展开构件，所述锚定辅助装置可设置在所述输送护套的远侧部中，所述锚定辅助装置包括：
具有中间体区段的可扩张支架，所述中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，所述可扩张支架具有从所述中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从所述中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造；
其中所述可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态；
其中所述瓣尖接口区段包括围绕所述可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，所述每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶；
其中所述每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，所述区域被配置成跨越所述主动脉瓣的连合且比起所述环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离；
所述细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与所述展开环接合，使得所述细长展开构件响应于所述致动机构的启动而致动所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态变成所述展开型态。
26.根据权利要求25所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中所述致动机构被配置成相对于所述输送护套轴向平移所述细长展开构件。
27.根据权利要求25所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中所述所述细长展开构件在远端包括多个展开环圈，每个展开环圈被配置成可释放地与一个展开环接合。
28.根据权利要求27所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中每个展开环圈至少部分延伸穿过一个展开环。
29.根据权利要求28所述的锚定辅助装置输送系统，其中所述细长展开构件朝近侧收回，在每个展开环圈与其相应的展开环之间产生干涉，因此致动所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态变成所述展开型态。
30.根据权利要求29所述的装置输送系统，其中实现所述展开型态之后，进一步朝近侧收回所述细长展开构件拉动每个展开环圈通过其相应的展开环，而将所述细长展开构件脱离所述可扩张支架。
31.一种医疗植入物系统，包括
具有至少一个腔室以及致动机构的输送护套，所述腔室纵向延伸通过所述输送护套，所述致动机构设置在所述输送护套的近端；
包括可扩张支架的锚定辅助装置，所述可扩张支架包括中间体区段，所述中间体区段定义出中心纵向轴线，所述可扩张支架具有从所述中间体区段的远端轴向延伸的瓣尖接口区段，以及从所述中间体区段的近端轴向延伸的冠状端部构造；以及
置换心脏瓣膜植入物；
其中所述可扩张支架被配置成从输送型态径向向外扩张到展开型态；
其中所述瓣尖接口区段包括围绕所述可扩张支架的中心纵向轴线以径向间隔排列的多个环圈部，每个环圈部被配置成定位于邻近主动脉瓣的小叶；
其中每个环圈部藉由带有展开环的区域与另一环圈部沿圆周向间隔开，所述区域被配置成跨越所述主动脉瓣的连合且比起所述环圈部从远端朝远侧延伸更短的距离；
其中细长展开构件从所述致动机构延伸到所述锚定辅助装置，所述锚定辅助装置可设置在所述输送护套的远侧部中；
其中所述细长展开构件被配置成可释放地与所述展开环接合，以将所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态致动到所述展开型态；
其中所述置换心脏瓣膜植入物被配置成在展开型态中至少部分地设置在所述可扩张支架内。
32.根据权利要求31所述的医疗植入物系统，其中所述置换心脏瓣膜植入物包括经导管主动脉瓣植入(TAVI)装置或经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)装置。
33.根据权利要求31所述的医疗植入物系统，其中所述可置换心脏瓣膜植入物包括锚定构件，所述锚定构件可从折叠型态扩张到安装型态，所述锚定构件被配置成在所述安装型态中径向接合可扩张支架。
34.根据权利要求31所述的医疗植入物系统，其中当所述锚定构件与所述可扩张支架径向接合时，所述锚定辅助装置避免所述置换心脏瓣膜植入物的迁移。
35.根据权利要求31所述的医疗植入物系统，其中所述细长展开构件在远端包括多个展开环圈，每个展开环圈被配置成可释放地与一个展开环接合；
其中所述细长展开构件朝近侧回收，在每个展开环圈与其相应的展开环之间产生干涉，因此致动所述可扩张支架从所述输送型态变成所述展开型态。
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