CN108103798B - 一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革及其生产方法,采用常规的合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为120~150g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后烘干;通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为150~220g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;通过贴合机,将预处理过的超纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,烘干,冷却后剥离即可。本发明采用胶原纤维/水性聚氨酯作为涂层材料,所得超细纤维合成革不仅具有良好的物理机械性能,而且具有极高的耐寒性,可作为高寒地区用车的汽车内饰和汽车座椅材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超细纤维合成革技术领域,特别涉及一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革及其生产方法。
背景技术
由于用来生产天然皮革的原料皮资源有限,而且天然皮革的生产是一个高能耗、高污染的过程,会给环境带来极大的污染负荷。近年来,欧盟等发达国家对天然皮革本身的安全性也提出了新的标准,严格限制天然皮革中存在的Cr(Ⅵ)、偶氮染料、五氯苯酚(PCP)及游离甲醛等有毒化学品。从原料皮资源、环境保护、产品安全和市场的角度来看,天然皮革的生产和使用都面临着极大的挑战。
基于以上原因,世界各国都在加速开发新的代替天然皮革的新材料。其中超细纤维合成革的开发,堪称新材料互相结合的典范。超细纤维合成革是以超细纤维非织造为基材,浸渍具有开孔结构的聚氨酯浆料,经一系列复杂工艺加工而成。由于超细纤维的直径几乎达到纳米级尺寸,有巨大的比表面积,与天然皮革中的束状胶原纤维极其相似,在物理性能方面可以与天然皮革相媲美,它完成了由“仿制”到“变换”的过程,成为代替天然皮革的最佳材料。
中国是世界上天然皮革的生产大国,生产总量排名世界第一,然而由于原料皮的短缺和环境污染问题,我国皮革工业的持续衰退已经不可避免。值得我们借鉴的是日本成功的经验,当日本皮革工业衰退之时,率先开发高性能的超细纤维合成革,及时地填补了天然皮革产业衰退时留下的空白,一跃成为世界上超细纤维合成革技术最为先进的国家,并垄断了高端超细纤维合成革产品的高端市场。
无独有偶,中国也是合成革的生产大国,其生产总量排名世界第一。合成革人造革信息网数据显示,2013年我国人造革合成革消费量为42.92亿平方米,较上年增长10.42%。基于合成革行业产业升级转型的驱动,高端的超细纤维合成革的需求增速明显高于行业平均水平,根据中国塑料加工工业协会人造革合成革专业委员会的分析,2013年国内超细纤维合成革有效产能约为1.2亿平方米,未来市场需求增长速率将达到20%以上。
然而,我国的超细纤维合成革产品,一直处在同类产品的中低档位置,和日本等国家相比,仍然有相当大的差距,需要加快我国超细纤维合成革产品提升、技术进步和产业升级。其中,功能性超细纤维合成革的开发,是未来高端超细纤维合成革的主要开发方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革及其生产方法。为
实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革的生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为120~150g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后在80~110℃的条件下烘干;
(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为150~220g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超细纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为2~4kg/m2,然后在110~120℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。
本发明进一步的改进在于,其特征在于,面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将50~60份的水性聚氨酯,5~10份胶原纤维粉以及3~5份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀,得到面层浆料。
本发明进一步的改进在于,水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,通过以下过程制得:
以重量份数计,将聚碳酸酯二醇18~22份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯8~10份混合,升温到80~90℃,搅拌反应80~100min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸1.3~1.6份、1,4-丁二醇0.4~0.6份,三乙胺2~9份,在80~90℃的条件下搅拌反应90~120min,然后降温到30~40℃,加入水合肼1.0~1.5份、水80~100份,搅拌乳化60~80min,得到聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯。
本发明进一步的改进在于,聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000。
本发明进一步的改进在于,聚碳酸酯二醇的型号为聚碳酸酯二醇PC12、聚碳酸酯二醇PC22或聚碳酸酯二醇UH-CARB200。
本发明进一步的改进在于,胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如铬鞣胶原纤维粉、醛鞣胶原纤维粉、植绒胶原纤维和磨革粉。
本发明进一步的改进在于,发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将60~70份的水性聚氨酯以及3~6份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,控制发泡倍率为30~50%,得到发泡浆料。
本发明进一步的改进在于,水性聚氨酯为质量比为1:(1~2)的聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯的混合物,固含量为50~60%。
本发明进一步的改进在于,超细纤维合成革基布通过以下过程进行预处理:以重量份数计,将20~30份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、15~20份磷脂加脂剂、10~15份聚磷酸铵和50~60份水混合均匀,得到处理液;将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为60~70%,然后在100~120℃的条件下烘干。
本发明进一步的改进在于,在-30℃的条件,耐曲折次数大于10000次,剥离强度≥80N/3cm,耐磨耗≥4级。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果:
本发明采用合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,再通过第二台精密刮涂机,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;最后通过贴合机,将预处理过的超细纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。所得超细纤维合成革不仅具有良好的物理机械性能,而且具有极高的耐寒性,在-30℃的条件,耐曲折次数大于10000次,剥离强度/(N/3cm)≥80,耐磨耗(CS-10,负荷1kg1000)转≥4级,光照不黄变,远超过普通的汽车用超细纤维合成革,可作为高寒地区用车的汽车内饰和汽车座椅材料。
进一步的,本发明以超细纤维合成革基布为基材,以采用胶原纤维/水性聚氨酯作为涂层材料,采用离型纸转移涂层法生产高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革,由于胶原纤维具有极佳的耐寒性性能,因此以胶原纤维/水性聚氨酯作为涂层材料,由于胶原纤维的增强作用,能够赋予涂层极佳的耐寒性能,同时具有一定的阻燃性能。
进一步的,采用含有双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、磷脂加脂剂和聚磷酸铵的处理液预处理基布,由于磷酸酯的润滑作用和阻燃性,可赋予基布良好的耐寒性和阻燃性。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但本发明并不只限于这些例子。
一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革及其生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用常规的合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为120~150g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后进入烘箱,在80~110℃的条件下烘干;
其中,面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将50~60份的水性聚氨酯,5~10份胶原纤维粉,3~5份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀即可。
其中,水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,制备工艺如下:将聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)18~22份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)8~10份混合,升温到80~90℃,搅拌反应80~100min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)1.3~1.6份、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)0.4~0.6份,三乙胺2~9份,在80~90℃的条件下搅拌反应90~120min,然后降温到30~40℃,加入水合肼1.0~1.5份、水80~100份,搅拌乳化60~80min即可。
聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000,如东莞市竤穂实业投资有限公司的聚碳酸酯二醇PC12、聚碳酸酯二醇PC22,日本宇部兴产株式会社的聚碳酸酯二醇UH-CARB200等。其中,胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如铬鞣胶原纤维粉、醛鞣胶原纤维粉、植绒胶原纤维和磨革粉等。
(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为150~220g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
其中,发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将60~70份的水性聚氨酯,3~6份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,采用物理机械的发泡方法,控制发泡倍率为30~50%,即可得到发泡浆料。
水性聚氨酯为聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯配比为1:1~2的混合物,固含量为50~60%;
胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如铬鞣胶原纤维粉、醛鞣胶原纤维粉、植绒胶原纤维和磨革粉等。
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为2~4kg/m2,然后进入烘箱,在110~120℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,即可得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。
其中,超细纤维合成革基布的预处理方法为:以重量份数计,将20~30份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、15~20份磷脂加脂剂、10~15份聚磷酸铵和50~60份水混合均匀即可得到处理液。预处理时将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为60~70%,然后在100~120℃的条件下烘干即可。
本发明采用胶原纤维/水性聚氨酯作为涂层材料,所得超细纤维合成革不仅具有良好的物理机械性能,而且具有极高的耐寒性,在-30℃的条件,耐曲折次数大于10000次,剥离强度/(N/3cm)≥80,耐磨耗(CS-10,负荷1kg,1000转)≥4级,光照不黄变,远超过普通的汽车用超细纤维合成革,可作为高寒地区用车的汽车内饰和汽车座椅材料。
本发明中磷脂加脂剂LZ507。
实施例1
(1)采用常规的合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为120g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后进入烘箱,在110℃的条件下烘干;
其中,面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将50份的水性聚氨酯,10份胶原纤维粉,3份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀即可。
其中,水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,制备工艺如下:将聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)18份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)10份混合,升温到80℃,搅拌反应100min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)1.3份、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)0.6份,三乙胺9份,在80℃的条件下搅拌反应120min,然后降温到30℃,加入水合肼1.0份、水80份,搅拌乳化80min即可。
聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000,如东莞市竤穂实业投资有限公司的聚碳酸酯二醇PC12;
(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为150g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
其中,发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将60份的水性聚氨酯,3份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,采用物理机械的发泡方法,控制发泡倍率为30%,即可得到发泡浆料。
水性聚氨酯为聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯配比为1:1的混合物,固含量为50%;
胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如铬鞣胶原纤维粉。
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为2kg/m2,然后进入烘箱,在110℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,即可得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。
其中,超细纤维合成革基布的预处理方法为:以重量份数计,将20份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、15份磷脂加脂剂、10份聚磷酸铵和60份水混合均匀即可得到处理液。预处理时将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为60%,然后在100℃的条件下烘干即可。
实施例2
(1)采用常规的合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为130g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后进入烘箱,在100℃的条件下烘干;
其中,面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将52份的水性聚氨酯,6份胶原纤维粉,4份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀即可。
其中,水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,制备工艺如下:将聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)19份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)8份混合,升温到82℃,搅拌反应85min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)1.4份、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)0.5份,三乙胺8份,在85℃的条件下搅拌反应100min,然后降温到40℃,加入水合肼1.5份、水90份,搅拌乳化70min即可。
聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000,如东莞市竤穂实业投资有限公司的聚碳酸酯二醇PC22
。(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为220g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
其中,发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将65份的水性聚氨酯,4份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,采用物理机械的发泡方法,控制发泡倍率为40%,即可得到发泡浆料。
水性聚氨酯为聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯配比为1:2的混合物,固含量为60%;
胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如醛鞣胶原纤维粉。
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为3kg/m2,然后进入烘箱,在113℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,即可得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。
其中,超细纤维合成革基布的预处理方法为:以重量份数计,将30份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、16份磷脂加脂剂、15份聚磷酸铵和53份水混合均匀即可得到处理液。预处理时将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为65%,然后在120℃的条件下烘干即可。
实施例3
(1)采用常规的合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为140g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后进入烘箱,在90℃的条件下烘干;
其中,面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将55份的水性聚氨酯,8份胶原纤维粉,5份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀即可。
其中,水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,制备工艺如下:将聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)20份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)9份混合,升温到87℃,搅拌反应90min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)1.5份、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)0.4份,三乙胺5份,在90℃的条件下搅拌反应90min,然后降温到35℃,加入水合肼1.2份、水100份,搅拌乳化60min即可。
聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000,如日本宇部兴产株式会社的聚碳酸酯二醇UH-CARB200。
(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为180g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
其中,发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将70份的水性聚氨酯,5份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,采用物理机械的发泡方法,控制发泡倍率为50%,即可得到发泡浆料。
水性聚氨酯为聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯配比为1:1.5的混合物,固含量为54%;
胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如植绒胶原纤维。
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为4kg/m2,然后进入烘箱,在116℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,即可得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。
其中,超细纤维合成革基布的预处理方法为:以重量份数计,将25份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、18份磷脂加脂剂、12份聚磷酸铵和58份水混合均匀即可得到处理液。预处理时将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为62%,然后在114℃的条件下烘干即可。
实施例4
(1)采用常规的合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为150g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后进入烘箱,在80℃的条件下烘干;
其中,面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将60份的水性聚氨酯,5份胶原纤维粉,3份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀即可。
其中,水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,制备工艺如下:将聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)22份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)8份混合,升温到90℃,搅拌反应80min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)1.6份、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)0.4份,三乙胺2份,在87℃的条件下搅拌反应110min,然后降温到32℃,加入水合肼1.0份、水95份,搅拌乳化75min即可。
聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000,如东莞市竤穂实业投资有限公司的聚碳酸酯二醇PC12。
(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为200g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
其中,发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将62份的水性聚氨酯,6份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,采用物理机械的发泡方法,控制发泡倍率为35%,即可得到发泡浆料。
水性聚氨酯为聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯配比为1:1的混合物,固含量为57%;
胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如磨革粉。
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为2kg/m2,然后进入烘箱,在120℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,即可得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革。
其中,超细纤维合成革基布的预处理方法为:以重量份数计,将28份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、20份磷脂加脂剂、13份聚磷酸铵和50份水混合均匀即可得到处理液。预处理时将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为70%,然后在117℃的条件下烘干即可。
Claims (3)
1.一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用合成革干法生产线,通过第一台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为120~150g/m2,将面层浆料涂布在离型纸上,然后在80~110℃的条件下烘干;
(2)通过第二台精密刮涂机,控制涂布量为150~220g/m2,将发泡浆料涂布在面层之上;
(3)通过贴合机,将预处理过的超细纤维合成革基布贴合在发泡浆料之上,控制贴合压力为2~4kg/m2,然后在110~120℃的条件下烘干,冷却后剥离,得到高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革;该合成革在-30℃的条件,耐曲折次数大于10000次,剥离强度≥80N/3cm,耐磨耗≥4级,其中,耐磨耗测试条件为CS-10,负荷1kg,1000转;
面层浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将50~60份的水性聚氨酯,5~10份胶原纤维粉以及3~5份水性色浆混合后搅拌均匀,得到面层浆料;
水性聚氨酯为聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯,通过以下过程制得:
以重量份数计,将聚碳酸酯二醇18~22份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯8~10份混合,升温到80~90℃,搅拌反应80~100min,再加入二羟甲基丙酸1.3~1.6份、1,4-丁二醇0.4~0.6份,三乙胺2~9份,在80~90℃的条件下搅拌反应90~120min,然后降温到30~40℃,加入水合肼1.0~1.5份、水80~100份,搅拌乳化60~80min,得到聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯;其中,聚碳酸酯二醇的相对分之质量为2000;
发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将60~70份的水性聚氨酯以及3~6份胶原纤维粉混合后搅拌均匀,然后用发泡机,控制发泡倍率为30~50%,得到发泡浆料;其中,胶原纤维粉为细度大于400目的各类胶原纤维粉,如铬鞣胶原纤维粉、醛鞣胶原纤维粉、植绒胶原纤维和磨革粉;
所述发泡浆料中的水性聚氨酯为质量比为1:(1~2)的聚醚型水性聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯的混合物,固含量为50~60%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革的生产方法,其特征在于,聚碳酸酯二醇的型号为聚碳酸酯二醇PC12、聚碳酸酯二醇 PC22或聚碳酸酯二醇UH-CARB200。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐寒性汽车用超细纤维合成革的生产方法,其特征在于,超细纤维合成革基布通过以下过程进行预处理:以重量份数计,将20~30份双酚A-双(二苯基)磷酸酯、15~20份磷脂加脂剂、10~15份聚磷酸铵和50~60份水混合均匀,得到处理液;将超细纤维合成革基布通过含有处理液的浸渍槽,通过轧辊,控制超细纤维合成革基布的含液率为60~70%,然后在100~120℃的条件下烘干。
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