CN110685159A - 水性超纤合成革的生产方法 - Google Patents

水性超纤合成革的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN110685159A
CN110685159A CN201910829151.0A CN201910829151A CN110685159A CN 110685159 A CN110685159 A CN 110685159A CN 201910829151 A CN201910829151 A CN 201910829151A CN 110685159 A CN110685159 A CN 110685159A
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刘爱明
郑重
罗志清
梁勇劲
陈丽燕
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QINGYUAN QILI SYNTHETIC LEATHER Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了水性超纤合成革的生产方法，步骤1，制备水性含浸浆料；步骤2，含浸；将超细纤维无纺布浸渍于水性含浸浆料中；步骤3，干燥；将含浸后的超细纤维无纺布于烘箱中干燥，制得含浸基布；步骤4，减量：将含浸基布于氢氧化钠水溶液中进行碱减量处理该工序中丙烯酸及其酯共聚物溶于氢氧化钠水溶液中，并在基布中形成泡孔；步骤5，水洗、干燥：碱减量后的基布水洗至中性，于100‑130℃下烘干，制得水性超细纤维合成革；本发明的水性超纤合成革的生产方法开发水性聚氨酯树脂代替油性树脂用于超纤合成革的制造，从源头消除溶剂污染，提升合成革生态等级；生产出的水性超纤合成革，可生物降解且降解产物不会对环境造成新的污染。

Description

水性超纤合成革的生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及合成革，特别是涉及水性超纤合成革的生产方法。
背景技术
我国是世界合成革生产、消费和出口大国。合成革应用领域不断拓宽，除传统的鞋面革、家具革、箱包革、服装革、球和体育用品革、文具证件革、军需警用革外，近年汽车内饰革、家装内饰革市场需求量巨大。在企业的产量、工业总产值稳步增长的同时，面临的压力也越来越大，尤其是因为大部分的合成革中含有N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
超纤革全称是“超细纤维合成革”，是在超细纤维构成的基布基础上，涂覆以PU涂层而形成的高仿真皮革制品，具有极其优异的力学性能、耐磨性能，优异的耐寒、透气、耐老化，撕裂强度、拉伸强度高，耐折性好、耐寒性佳、耐霉变性能较佳、成品厚实丰满、仿真性好，表面易清洗、组织结构和天然皮革相似等性能，且其中有机挥发物含量低，环保性极佳。
在超纤基布制造过程中，均使用聚氨酯含浸(凝固纤维)，传统工艺均采用溶剂型聚氨酯含浸和湿法凝固技术。由于采用溶剂型PU含浸，产生大量含DMF废水，造成严重的环境污染和资源浪费，使得超纤革生态等级低，价格低，档次不高，不符合当今人们追求生态、环保的消费观念。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供水性超纤合成革的生产方法，能解决的背景技术中存在的技术缺陷。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：水性超纤合成革的生产方法，所述生产方法步骤如下：
步骤1，制备水性含浸浆料；称取下述重量份原料：水性聚氨酯乳液100份、丙烯酸及其酯共聚物乳液40-100份、水1-250份、增稠剂0.6-3份，将上述组分投入搅拌设备混合均匀，获得水性含浸浆料，粘度控制在4000-8000mPa·s；
步骤2，含浸；将超细纤维无纺布浸渍于所述水性含浸浆料中，含浸量为200-1200g/m2；
步骤3，干燥；将含浸后的超细纤维无纺布于100-130℃的烘箱中干燥5-20min，制得含浸基布；
步骤4，减量：将含浸基布于5-15％的氢氧化钠水溶液中进行碱减量处理，减量温度为80-95℃，减量时间为30-120min，该工序中丙烯酸及其酯共聚物溶于氢氧化钠水溶液中，并在基布中形成泡孔；
步骤5，水洗、干燥：碱减量后的基布水洗至中性，于100-130℃下烘干，制得水性超细纤维合成革。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述步骤1中水性聚氨酯乳液的制备步骤为：首先制备含内交联结构的预聚体，然后将聚氨酯预聚体扩链，得到粘度、分子量适中的聚氨酯预聚体，经成盐后，在高剪切作用下分散在水中进一步扩链，获得具有内交联结构、高分子量的水性聚氨酯乳液。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述预聚体的制备步骤为：在干燥氮气保护下，将适量聚醚二乙醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯加入烧瓶中并加入适量二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡催化剂，体系混合均匀后升温至90℃左右反应2h；再加人适量二羟甲基丙酸和环氧树脂，70℃左右反应1h；最后加入扩链剂三羟甲基丙烷和一缩二乙二醇，并用丙酮调节体系的粘度，在60℃时反应至－NCO含量不再变化，降温至40℃出料得到预聚体。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述水性聚氨酯乳液的技术指标为：固含量为30-35％，密度为0.9-1.2g·cm-3，粘度为小于4000MPA.S，耐碱性保持聚氨酯膜在70℃的10％氢氧化钠溶液2h后保留90％以上。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述水性超纤合成革的物理性能为：拉伸负荷(N)，纵向≥130，横向≥120；断裂伸长率(％)，纵向≥40-60，横向≥50-90；耐折裂次数(万)：常温：≥10万；-20℃≥3万。
与现有技术相比，本发明能达到的有益效果是：本发明的水性超纤合成革的生产方法开发水性聚氨酯树脂代替油性树脂用于超纤合成革的制造，从源头消除溶剂污染，提升合成革生态等级；生产出的水性超纤合成革，可生物降解且降解产物不会对环境造成新的污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的水性聚氨酯乳液的合成工艺图；
图2为本发明制备水性超纤合成革的工艺路线图；
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明，但下述实施例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
参照图1-2所示，本发明提供水性超纤合成革的生产方法，生产方法步骤如下：
步骤1，制备水性含浸浆料；称取下述重量份原料：水性聚氨酯乳液100份、丙烯酸及其酯共聚物乳液40-100份、水1-250份、增稠剂0.6-3份，将上述组分投入搅拌设备混合均匀，获得水性含浸浆料，粘度控制在4000-8000mPa.s；
步骤2，含浸；将超细纤维无纺布浸渍于水性含浸浆料中，含浸量为200-1200g/m2；
步骤3，干燥；将含浸后的超细纤维无纺布于100-130℃的烘箱中干燥5-20min，制得含浸基布；
步骤4，减量：将含浸基布于5-15％的氢氧化钠水溶液中进行碱减量处理，减量温度为80-95℃，减量时间为30-120min，该工序中丙烯酸及其酯共聚物溶于氢氧化钠水溶液中，并在基布中形成泡孔；
步骤5，水洗、干燥：碱减量后的基布水洗至中性，于100-130℃下烘干，制得水性超细纤维合成革。
如图1所示，其中，步骤1中的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备步骤为：首先制备含内交联结构的预聚体，然后将聚氨酯预聚体扩链，得到粘度、分子量适中的聚氨酯预聚体，经成盐后，在高剪切作用下分散在水中进一步扩链，获得具有内交联结构、高分子量的水性聚氨酯乳液。
预聚体的制备步骤为：在干燥氮气保护下，将适量聚醚二乙醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯加入烧瓶中并加入适量二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡催化剂，体系混合均匀后升温至90℃左右反应2h；再加人适量二羟甲基丙酸和环氧树脂，70℃左右反应1h；最后加入扩链剂三羟甲基丙烷和一缩二乙二醇，并用丙酮调节体系的粘度，在60℃时反应至－NCO含量不再变化，降温至40℃出料得到预聚体。
水性聚氨酯乳液的技术指标为：固含量为30-35％，密度为0.9-1.2g·cm-3，粘度为小于4000MPA.S，耐碱性保持聚氨酯膜在70℃的10％氢氧化钠溶液2h后保留90％以上，通过上述技术指标的水性聚氨酯乳液制备水性含浸浆料，为水性超纤合成革提供技术原料支撑；水性超纤合成革的物理性能为：拉伸负荷(N)，纵向≥130，横向≥120；断裂伸长率(％)，纵向≥40-60，横向≥50-90；耐折裂次数(万)：常温：≥10万；-20℃≥3万。
本发明提供的水性超纤合成革的生产方法，在生产制造过程中不给环境带来污染，在将其加工成革制品过程中无害、使用过程中对人体无害、对环境不产生污染，可生物降解且降解产物不会对环境造成新的污染。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例，并不用来限制本发明，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.水性超纤合成革的生产方法，其特征在于，所述生产方法步骤如下：
步骤1，制备水性含浸浆料；称取下述重量份原料：水性聚氨酯乳液100份、丙烯酸及其酯共聚物乳液40-100份、水1-250份、增稠剂0.6-3份，将上述组分投入搅拌设备混合均匀，获得水性含浸浆料，粘度控制在4000-8000mPa·s；
步骤2，含浸；将超细纤维无纺布浸渍于所述水性含浸浆料中，含浸量为200-1200g/m2；
步骤3，干燥；将含浸后的超细纤维无纺布于100-130℃的烘箱中干燥5-20min，制得含浸基布；
步骤4，减量：将含浸基布于5-15％的氢氧化钠水溶液中进行碱减量处理，减量温度为80-95℃，减量时间为30-120min，该工序中丙烯酸及其酯共聚物溶于氢氧化钠水溶液中，并在基布中形成泡孔；
步骤5，水洗、干燥：碱减量后的基布水洗至中性，于100-130℃下烘干，制得水性超细纤维合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性超纤合成革的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中水性聚氨酯乳液的制备步骤为：首先制备含内交联结构的预聚体，然后将聚氨酯预聚体扩链，得到粘度、分子量适中的聚氨酯预聚体，经成盐后，在高剪切作用下分散在水中进一步扩链，获得具有内交联结构、高分子量的水性聚氨酯乳液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水性超纤合成革的生产方法，其特征在于：所述预聚体的制备步骤为：在干燥氮气保护下，将适量聚醚二乙醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯加入烧瓶中并加入适量二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡催化剂，体系混合均匀后升温至90℃左右反应2h；再加人适量二羟甲基丙酸和环氧树脂，70℃左右反应1h；最后加入扩链剂三羟甲基丙烷和一缩二乙二醇，并用丙酮调节体系的粘度，在60℃时反应至－NCO含量不再变化，降温至40℃出料得到预聚体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水性超纤合成革的生产方法，其特征在于：所述水性聚氨酯乳液的技术指标为：固含量为30-35％，密度为0.9-1.2g·cm-3，粘度为小于4000MPA.S，耐碱性保持聚氨酯膜在70℃的10％氢氧化钠溶液2h后保留90％以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水性超纤合成革的生产方法，其特征在于：所述水性超纤合成革的物理性能为：拉伸负荷(N)，纵向≥130，横向≥120；断裂伸长率(％)，纵向≥40-60，横向≥50-90；耐折裂次数(万)：常温：≥10万；-20℃≥3万。
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