CN107999132A - 一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910002520 CoCu Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤:首先将一定量的对苯二甲酸(BDC)溶解在一定比例的乙醇、去离子水和N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶液中,再将CuCl2•2H2O和CoCl2•6H2O溶解其中,再加入三乙胺(TEA),搅拌数分钟后,在密封条件下超声数小时生成铜离子、钴离子与BDC的双金属有机框架化合物,并经过数次超声离心,室温干燥得到样品(记为CoCu‑BDC)与炭黑按一定比例混合,加入一定量的Nafion溶液,超声分散在乙醇与水的混合溶液中,最终得到催化剂浆料。本发明制备的CoCu‑BDC在催化剂中以超薄纳米片的形式分散在浆料中,电荷传导能力好,具有很高的甲醇电催化重整性能。而且该制备方法简单易行,时间短。工业应用前景良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域,尤其涉及一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
越来越多的能源短缺和环境问题日益突出,已成为全球关注的焦点。寻找无碳,清洁可持续的新能源已成为当务之急。氢能源(H2)被认为是其高热值,无污染和简单制备等最有希望和潜在的替代能源之一。电化学水分裂是近年来最引人注目的H2生产方法之一。水电解包含析氢反应(HER)和氧(O2)析出反应(OER)。然而,OER整体反应的速率确定步骤需要高超电势,其通常降低能量转换效率并增加能量消耗。贵金属催化剂(用于HER的Pt,用于OER的IrO 2或RuO2)是具有最佳电催化性能的催化剂,但是目前受到稀缺性和大规模应用的高成本的限制。
甲醇是有机原料之一,而且产能过剩。低价格和巨大的生产引起了许多研究人员的兴趣。十多年前,研究人员发现,一些有机小分子,包括甲醇,可以通过在铂/氧化铝催化剂上进行水相重整来转化生成氢。 Lili Lin等人最近报道了通过甲醇(APRM)的水相重整,利用原子分散在α-碳化钼(α-MoC)上的铂(Pt)在低温(150-190摄氏度)下产生氢。虽然它们具有相对较高的氢生成速率,但贵金属的使用大大增加了催化剂的生产成本,这限制了其大规模应用。此外,这些反应不能在室温和压力下进行,这需要额外的能量来维持催化剂的连续工作。反应体系和气体净化的可回收性差,大大增加了成本。然而,电催化反应器系统可以在室温下容易地进行,并且分别使用PEM来分离阴极和阳极产生的气体(H2和O2)。
MOF材料作为新型多孔,高表面积材料在催化领域中的应用潜力巨大。 MOF的一个重要性质是MOF的所有金属离子或金属簇是单分散的,因此暴露和利用更多的催化活性位点。绝大多数MOF对于其孔隙度是不导电的。由于这个原因,MOFs在催化领域很少应用。二维材料的兴起引起了MOF材料电化学研究学者的兴趣,因为它具有优良的电子传导性和快速的离子传输,电解质和生产能力。因此,超薄MOFs将会有优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足而提供的一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法,特点是:该方法包括以下具体步骤:
步骤1:将同等摩尔量的CuCl2• 2H2O与CoCl2• 6H2O和对苯二甲酸(BDC)均匀分散在去离子水、乙醇以及DMF的混合溶液中;其中,去离子水、乙醇以及DMF的体积比为1:1:(10-20);
步骤2:搅拌条件下,在CuCl2• 2H2O与CoCl2• 6H2O和BDC完全溶解后加入三乙胺,并持续搅拌3-7分钟;加入三乙胺的量为步骤1中去离子水体积的1/2-1倍;
步骤3:将步骤2所得前驱体在40KHz的条件下超声晶化5-8h,温度为室温;再将前驱体离心分离,用无水乙醇洗涤5次,通过冷冻干燥得到CoCu-BDC纳米片,
步骤4:将步骤3中晶化得到的CoCu-BDC混合材料与炭黑按比例混合,分散在去离子水与无水乙醇的混合溶液中,加入体积为去离子水的1/30-1/10倍的5%Nafion溶液,获得甲醇电催化重整催化剂浆料;其中,炭黑与CoCu-BDC混合材料的质量比为0.5-2:1;去离子水与无水乙醇体积比为0.5-2:1。
步骤3所述超声晶化过程为密封条件下进行。
所述CoCu-BDC纳米片的厚度为3-5nm。
本发明为超声辅助法制备双金属纳米片状MOF材料,反应时间为4-8h,此方法简便易行,相对于传统水热合成MOF材料,大大缩短了制备时间,降低了成本。
本发明提供的甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法简单易行、成本低,在超声条件下实现CoCu-BDC的晶化,无需加热,无需搅拌,晶化时间短,省时省力;通过超声活化和离心分离3-5次,简单易行,同时避免了污染。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得纳米片状MOF材料的扫描电子显微镜(TEM)照片图;
图2为实施例1所得纳米片状MOF材料的透射电子显微镜(AFM)照片图;
图3为实施例1所得纳米片状MOF材料的广角X射线衍射(XRD)图谱图;
图4为实施例3所得纳米片状MOF材料的AFM照片图;
图5为实施例3所得纳米片状MOF材料的TEM照片图;
图6为实例例1、2、3所得纳米片状MOF材料甲醇电催化重整性能(LSV)对比图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图,通过具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
量取2mL去离子水、2mL乙醇以及32mLDMF的混合溶液于100mL蓝盖瓶中,再称取0.12gBDC溶于混合溶液中,随后将同等摩尔量的CuCl2• 2H2O和CoCl2• 6H2O溶解其中,加入0.8mL三乙胺,快速搅拌5分钟,拧上瓶盖并继续超声反应8小时(1600W,40KHZ)。将上述所得前驱体离心分离,然后用无水乙醇洗涤5次,在通过冷冻干燥得到CoCu-BDC,其TEM和AFM照片以及XRD图谱分别如图1、图2以及图3所示,从TEM图中看出CoCu-BDC MOF纳米片结构,通过AFM测试,超薄MOF纳米片的厚度为3-5 nm,其广角XRD结果与文献报道的CoCu-BDC材料的结构符合。
将所得纳米片状MOF材料与炭黑按质量比为1:1混合,分散在去离子水与无水乙醇的混合溶液中,加入50μL的5%Nafion溶液,获得最终的催化剂浆料。
最后将得到的浆料滴在玻璃碳电极上,采用三电极体系在1 M KOH + 3 M 甲醇的溶液中测试其甲醇电催化重整性能,测得起始电位(10 mA/cm-2)为1.356(V vs RHE)。
实施例2
量取2mL去离子水、2mL乙醇以及32mLDMF的混合溶液于100mL蓝盖瓶中,再称取0.12gBDC溶于混合溶液中,随后将同等摩尔量的CoCl2• 6H2O溶解其中,随后加入0.8mL三乙胺,快速搅拌5分钟,拧上瓶盖并继续超声反应8小时(1600W,40KHZ)。将上述所得前驱体离心分离,然后用无水乙醇洗涤5次,在通过冷冻干燥得到CoCu-BDC。通过TEM,SEM以及XRD对所得纳米片状MOF材料的结构进行表征,从TEM图中看出CoCu-BDC MOF纳米片结构,通过AFM测试,超薄MOF纳米片的厚度为3-5 nm,其广角XRD结果与文献报道的Co-BDC材料的结构符合。
将所得纳米片状MOF材料与炭黑按质量比为1:1混合,分散在去离子水与无水乙醇的混合溶液中,加入50μL的5%Nafion溶液,获得最终的催化剂浆料。
最后将得到的浆料滴在玻璃碳电极上,采用三电极体系在1 M KOH + 3 M 甲醇的溶液中测试其甲醇电催化重整性能,测得起始电位(10 MA/cm-2)为1.427(V vs RHE)。
实施例3
量取2mL去离子水、2mL乙醇以及32mLDMF的混合溶液于100mL蓝盖瓶中,再称取0.12gBDC溶于混合溶液中,随后将同等摩尔量的CuCl2• 2H2O溶解其中,随后加入0.8mL三乙胺,快速搅拌5分钟,拧上瓶盖并继续超声反应8小时(1600W,40KHZ)。将上述所得前驱体离心分离,然后用无水乙醇洗涤5次,在通过冷冻干燥得到CoCu-BDC。通过TEM,SEM以及XRD对所得纳米片状MOF材料的结构进行表征,从TEM图中看出CoCu-BDC MOF纳米片的卷曲结构,通过AFM测试,超薄MOF纳米片的厚度为3-5 nm,其广角XRD结果与文献报道的Cu-BDC材料的结构符合。
将所得纳米片状MOF材料与炭黑按按质量比为1:1混合,分散在去离子水与无水乙醇的混合溶液中,加入50μL的5%Nafion溶液,获得最终的催化剂浆料。
最后将得到的浆料滴在玻璃碳电极上,采用三电极体系在1 M KOH + 3 M 甲醇的溶液中测试其甲醇电催化重整性能,测得起始电位(10 MA/cm-2)为1.495(V vs RHE)。
性能对比,CoCu-BDC达到起始电位(10 MA/cm-2)所需要的电位最低,所需要消耗的能量最少,即性能最佳。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种甲醇电催化重整催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下具体步骤:
步骤1:将同等摩尔量的CuCl2• 2H2O与CoCl2• 6H2O和对苯二甲酸(BDC)均匀分散在去离子水、无水乙醇以及DMF的混合溶液中;其中,去离子水、无水乙醇以及DMF的体积比为1:1:(10-20);
步骤2:搅拌条件下,在CuCl2• 2H2O与CoCl2• 6H2O和BDC完全溶解后加入三乙胺,并持续搅拌3-7分钟;加入三乙胺的量为步骤1中去离子水体积的1/2-1倍;
步骤3:将步骤2所得前驱体在40KHz的条件下超声晶化5-8h,温度为室温;再将前驱体离心分离,用无水乙醇洗涤5次,通过冷冻干燥得到CoCu-BDC纳米片,
步骤4:将步骤3中晶化得到的CoCu-BDC混合材料与炭黑按比例混合,分散在去离子水与无水乙醇的混合溶液中,加入体积为去离子水的1/30-1/10倍的5%Nafion溶液,获得甲醇电催化重整催化剂浆料;其中,炭黑与CoCu-BDC混合材料的质量比为0.5-2:1;去离子水与无水乙醇体积比为0.5-2:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3所述超声晶化过程为密封条件下进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述CoCu-BDC纳米片的厚度为3-5nm。
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