CN1079382A - 带有熔合层的吸收用品 - Google Patents
带有熔合层的吸收用品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1079382A CN1079382A CN92114648A CN92114648A CN1079382A CN 1079382 A CN1079382 A CN 1079382A CN 92114648 A CN92114648 A CN 92114648A CN 92114648 A CN92114648 A CN 92114648A CN 1079382 A CN1079382 A CN 1079382A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- last slice
- absorbent
- liquid
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
- A61F13/472—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins specially adapted for female use
- A61F13/47218—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins specially adapted for female use with a raised crotch region, e.g. hump
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2013/51059—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being sprayed with chemicals
- A61F2013/51066—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being sprayed with chemicals for rendering the surface hydrophilic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F2013/51078—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being embossed
- A61F2013/51083—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being embossed in point
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F2013/51078—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being embossed
- A61F2013/51085—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being embossed in diamonds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- A61F2013/530007—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F2013/530007—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp
- A61F2013/530036—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp being made in chemically-modified cellulosic material, e.g. Rayon
- A61F2013/530051—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp being made in chemically-modified cellulosic material, e.g. Rayon being made in cross-linked cellulosic fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530007—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp
- A61F2013/530058—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F2013/530007—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp
- A61F2013/530058—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres
- A61F2013/530094—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres with mechanical pulp
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530007—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp
- A61F2013/530058—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres
- A61F2013/530094—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres with mechanical pulp
- A61F2013/530102—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres with mechanical pulp with thermomechanical pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530007—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp
- A61F2013/530058—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres
- A61F2013/530094—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres with mechanical pulp
- A61F2013/530109—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made from pulp with specific method of producing wood pulp fibres with mechanical pulp with chemithermomechanical pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530138—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp characterized by the fibre length
- A61F2013/530145—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp characterized by the fibre length being short
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530138—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp characterized by the fibre length
- A61F2013/530153—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp characterized by the fibre length being long
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/53016—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp having special shape
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/53016—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp having special shape
- A61F2013/530167—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp having special shape being crimped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/53016—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp having special shape
- A61F2013/530175—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp having special shape with capillary channel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530226—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres
- A61F2013/530255—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres being hydrophobic fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530226—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres
- A61F2013/530299—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres being hydrophilic fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530343—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530343—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres
- A61F2013/53035—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres of cotton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530343—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres
- A61F2013/530357—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres of wool
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530343—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres
- A61F2013/530372—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp being natural fibres of ramie or jute or linen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530437—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a part with elevated absorption means
- A61F2013/530445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a part with elevated absorption means by defining a target or acquisition or vulnerability zone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/53051—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged
- A61F2013/530547—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged positioned in a separate layer or layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530868—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer
- A61F2013/530927—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having longitudinal barriers
- A61F2013/530934—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having longitudinal barriers having a density gradient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F2013/53445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad from several sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
- A61F2013/53721—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
- A61F2013/53721—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means
- A61F2013/53726—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means on the top layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
- A61F2013/53721—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means
- A61F2013/53739—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means with compressed points
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F2013/53765—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有熔合层的吸收用品(比如
尿布、卫生巾、成人失禁垫等)。吸收用品最好包括一
个能透过液体的热塑多孔膜上片、一个不透液体的下
片、一个吸收芯以及由射流喷网非织造纤维组成的一
种纤维状收集网状层。吸收芯位于上片和下片之间,
把上片和下片至少吸收用品周边部分周围结合到一
起,并且在多个分立的结合点处把上片熔合到收集网
状层上。收集网状层位于上片和吸收芯之间。
Description
本发明涉及带有熔合层的吸收用品,比如带有熔合层的尿布、卫生巾、成人失禁垫等等。
目前有各种形状的用于吸收体液(比如月经、尿和粪便等)的吸收用品。通常吸收用品由多层材料构成,这类用品从上到下通常包括一个能透过液体的层,一个吸收层和一个液体不能透过的层,也可在这些层中的任何层之间加入附加层,这些附加层起着各种不同的作用。
通常用一些常规的手段(如粘合、皱缩、熔合以及本领域人员所熟知的其它方法)使这些层沿其周边结合到一起。沿吸收用品的周边可以有(在许多情形下最好有)一个液体不能透过的结合区。这个结合区将不会影响吸收用品功能。不过,也经常需要把这些层的表面结合在一起。但将上述层的表面结合起来仍存在一些技术问题,特别是当需要把上部的液体透过层和吸收层接合起来时更是如此。用于沿周边接合各层的同样的方法在此不能采用,因为它们易于阻塞液体流到吸收层。
曾进行了多种尝试以解决这个问题。这些尝试包括使用热熔粘合剂以及其它非水基的粘合剂。这类粘合剂当与体液接触时不大可能分解。其它的一些尝试致力于在非常薄的层中或在特定花样中使用粘合剂,以期把对液体向下面各层流动的影响降到最低。1986年3月4日授予Minetola等人的美国专利4573986中公开了一种使用粘合剂的优选的方式。虽然按Minetola等人的专利中所述方式使用的粘合剂的效果很好,但对固定吸收产品中各层表面的改进工作仍在继续。
探索更好地固定这些层中各面的方式的主要原因在于:在很多情形下,最初性能令人满意的粘合剂最后可能会失效而使液体透过层脱开。这个问题在使用吸收用品的时间较长时特别明显。这个问题在液体透过层为一个多孔塑料膜时常常会更加严重,按本发明受让人所拥有的专利所制造的多孔塑料膜的性能虽然很好,但当它们与下面的层脱离时也会带来一些问题。这种塑料膜非常薄,因此它们在脱离时会恰好移进使用者身体的缝隙(比如穿用者臀部之间的空间)之中。这将使穿用者感到特别不舒服并有疼痛感。由于其塑料组分的缘故,在一些情形中,液体透过层甚至会粘到穿用者的皮肤上。粘合剂会使薄膜在穿用者身体附近形成一个粘性表面,该表面又会促使液体透过层粘到穿用者的皮肤上。
成形膜从吸收层分离还经常造成流出物沿纵向边缘流到吸收用品的外面。流出物将不会透过薄膜,因为下面再也没有一个与薄膜接触、用于虹吸流体的吸收层。这在用透气毡化纤维层作吸收芯的厚垫时特别明显。用这样的厚垫做成的吸收芯一出现润湿就会在吸收用品的中心沿横向折皱并且隆起,或者聚拢。这种聚拢以及分离的成形膜结在一起的结果会使垫子邻近其纵向边缘的部分的下部失去任何吸收材料,因此增加排出物在吸收品的顶部沿纵向流出或泄漏的可能。
有几篇专利文献叙述了以各种可选择的方式把各层结合到一起的用于多种不同用途的吸收产品。下列专利文献叙述了这方面的工作,它们是:授予Karami的美国专利3965906和US4184902,授予Butterworth等人的US4391861,授予Matthews等人的US4397644,授予Gellert的US4475911,授予Karami等人的US4726976,授予Gebel的US4752349,授予Van Gompel的US4753840,授予Willhite,Jr.等人的US4823783,授予Foxman的US4844965以及授予Sukiennick等人的US4908026。不过,这些专利文献中的大多数都没有公开如何把一个多孔的成形膜熔合到非织造材料的上部。可以认为,这些专利文献和其它任何专利文献都没有描述用熔合法制备不影响所收集的液体进入吸收层的结合区。
因此,需要对吸收用品各层之间(特别是最上面的液体透过层之间)的结合方式作出改进。
本发明的一个目的是提供在各层之间(特别是最上面的液体透过层之间)具有结合区的吸收用品,这些结合区即使对吸收用品长期使用也能继续保持结合。
本发明的另一目的是提供具有在结合位置相接合的液体透过层的吸收用品,从而形成了不影响液体收进吸收层的结构。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种穿用者看来有可能促进液体吸收的吸收用品。
通过下面结合附图的叙述,将对本发明的上述目的和其它目的了解更清楚。
本发明的吸收用品(比如尿布、卫生巾或成年人失禁垫等等)具有多层熔合层。
该吸收用品最好由一个液体能透过的多孔热塑膜上片、一个与上片相连的液体不能透过的下片、一个吸收芯和一个收集层构成。
吸收芯位于上片和下片之间。收集层最好由射流喷网非织造织物的一层纤维网状物构成。收集层可以是一层位于上片和吸收芯之间独立的网,或者可以由一部分上片或一部分芯(或其它部件)构成,上片和下片沿着吸收用品的至少一部分的周边结合在一起。以面对面的方式放置上片和收集层(或其它的下面的层)。在多个分立的接合区把上片固定到上述一个(或多个)下面层上。至少部分结合区带有供液体通过并使其到达吸收芯的排泄通道的结构。
把上片和收集层的各面熔合起来可保证这些面即使长期使用也会处于一种连接的状态。据认为这种连接是为了实现上述的某些目的。还可认为这种连接还是为了形成多个具有不影响液体进入吸收芯的结构的结合区。由于下面的吸收层与多孔膜上片始终保持接触维持这种连接有利于吸收芯吸入液体。
图1是本发明一个优选的卫生巾实施例的顶视平面图。
图2是沿图1中2-2线的简化了的横向截面图。
图3是一个与图2类似的简化了的横向截面图,它示出了卫生巾各部件的一种可供选择的结构。
图4-6分别是一个成型后的厚卫生巾沿5-5线和6-6线的顶视图和简化了的截面图。
图7和7A是由带缠结的非织造织物的多孔膜构成的上片材料的简化了的示意图和放大了很多的底视平面图照片。
图8是卫生巾上片与下面的纤维收集层熔合的一个结合区域的简化且放大了很多的剖面示意图。
图8A是一个可用于进行熔合结合的装置的局部侧视示意图。
图9和10是典型的结合部位所在区域中熔合层的放大了很多的顶视和底视平面图照片。
图11和12为表明当采用较深和较浅的结合区时上片布置之间的区别的简化示意图。
图13A为带有一种可供选择的结合花样的卫生巾的平面图。
图13B-13D分别为带有另一种可供选择的结合花样的卫生巾的顶视、底视平面图以及投影照片。
图14为表示一个实施例剖面的照片,在该实施例中下面的纤维层与多孔膜熔合之前已被拉伸。
图15为表示卫生巾组装情况的分解透视图,该卫生巾含有本发明中所用的一种优选的吸收芯和一个内裤紧固粘合件。
图16为由非织造材料和成形膜构成的一种可供选择的上片的侧视图。
图17为一种可供选择的结合结构的透视图。
图18为可用于制备图7和7A所示上片的一道工序的简化示意图。
图19为输送到图18中所示工序的成形膜的透视图。
1、介绍
本发明涉及带有熔合层的吸收用品,比如带有熔合层的尿布、卫生巾、成人失禁垫等等。
此处所用的“吸收用品”一词指能吸收和容纳身体排出物的用品。更具体地说,该词指那些贴在或靠近穿用者身体以吸收和容纳人体排出的各种排出物的用品。“吸收用品”一词可以包括尿布、卫生巾、内裤裆衬里以及失禁垫等物品。“一次性的”一词指打算使用一次后即丢弃并且最好能够回收,作混合肥料或用环境保护所允许的其它方式处理的那些物品(也就是说,不打算把它们再作为吸收用品而加以洗涤或以其它方式储藏或重新使用)。在所示出的优选的实施例中,吸收用品为用标号20表示的卫生巾。
此处所用的“卫生巾”一词指女性穿在靠近会阴部以吸收和容纳身体所排出的各种排出物(如血、月经和尿)的一种用品。不过,本发明不限于附图中所示的特定类型或结构的吸收用品。
卫生巾20有两个表面,即一个与身体接触的表面(或者叫“身体表面”)20a和一内衣表面20b。图1中所示的卫生巾20即是从其身体表面20a所看到的,身体表面20a为靠近使用者身体的使用面。卫生巾20的内衣表面20b(如图2所示)在相反的一面,当穿用卫生巾20时,此面处于靠近穿用者内衣的位置。
卫生巾20有两条中心线,即一条纵向中心线1和一条横向中心线t。此处所说的“纵向”一词指卫生巾20平面内的一条直线、一根轴线或一个方向,也就是通常与把站立的穿用卫生巾20的人的身体分为左右两个部分的垂直平面对中的方向(即近似平行该平面)。此处所用的“横向的”或“侧向的”二者可以互换,都指位于卫生巾20的平面上通常与纵向垂直的一条直线、一根轴或一个方向。图1中表明,卫生巾20还有两个分开的纵向边缘(或侧边)22和两个分开的横向边缘(或“端边缘”)24,这些边缘一同构成了卫生巾20的周边26。
对卫生巾20的厚度没有限制,它可以较厚,也可以较薄。附图中图1-3所示的卫生巾20的实施例是一个较薄的卫生巾的例子。不过应该理解,当看这些图时,图中所示材料层的标号使卫生巾20看上去比实际的卫生巾厚得多。一个“薄”卫生巾20的厚度最好小于约3毫米。图中所示的薄卫生巾20最好相当柔软,以便使穿用者感觉更舒适。
图2示出了卫生巾的各个部件。本发明的卫生巾20至少由三个基本部件构成。这些部件包括一个能透过液体的上片28、一个不透液体的下片(或“阻挡层”)30和一个吸收芯32。吸收芯32位于上片28和下片30之间。卫生巾20还包括一个液体能透过的收集层(或收集片)34。收集层34可以是位于上片28和吸收芯32之间的一分立的部件,或者也可由上片28的一部分或芯32的一部分构成。卫生巾20最好还包括附加的侧面边舌或“翼片”36,它可以沿使用者内裤的分叉区折叠。图中所示的卫生巾20还有一个粘性固定件38,用于把卫生巾20粘接到使用者的内衣上。可揭掉的防粘衬垫40盖住了粘性固定件38,以便防止在使用前粘合剂粘在内裤非叉区部分的表面上。
2、吸收用品的各部件
下面将较为详细地介绍卫生巾20的各个部件。
A、上片
上片28由一个第一液体透过部件构成。当使用卫生巾20时,上片28紧紧贴住使用者的皮肤。上片28最好较柔顺、质感松软,并且尽可能对使用者的皮肤无刺激作用。上片28还应具有良好的渗透性,不易发生再润湿,使身体的排泄物很容易透过并流向吸收芯32,而不让排泄物再透过上片28而返流到使用者的皮肤上。
上片28有两个侧面(或称面或表面),一个面向身体的侧面28a,一个面向内衣的侧面(或者面向芯的侧面)28b。上片28的面向身体的一侧28a通常构成了卫生巾20的至少一部分与身体接触的表面(“身体表面”)20a。上片28有两个纵向边缘28c和两个端边缘28d。(对卫生巾的其它部件也采用与此类似的标号体系。也就是说,部件面向使用者身体的一侧用该部件的标号和参考字母“a”表示。面向使用者内衣的一侧用该部件的标号和字母“b”表示。侧边缘和端边缘分别用该部件的标号和参考字母“c”和“d”表示。)
上片28可由各种适合的材料制成,这些材料包括(但不限于)纺织材料和非织造材料、多孔成形热塑性薄膜、多孔塑料膜、热油施压成形薄膜、多孔泡沫材料、网构泡沫材料、网构热塑薄膜和热塑稀松非织造织物。适用的纺织材料和非织造材料可以由天然纤维(如木或棉纤维)、合成纤维(如聚合物纤维,比如聚酯、聚丙烯纤维和聚乙烯或聚乙烯醇、淀粉基树脂、聚氨基甲酸酯、纤维素酯、尼龙和人造丝纤维)而构成,或者由天然和人造纤维的混合物构成。通常优选多孔成形薄膜作为上片28,这是因为它能使液体透过,如果孔径适当的话,还能减少液体回流因而减小重新润湿使用者皮肤的可能性。
图1示出了带有大量孔隙29的成形膜上片28。为清楚地说明熔合结合物44,仅示出了上片28盖住边翼36的部分中的孔隙29。不过,应该能想到,孔隙29通常至少应分布在卫生巾20的主体部分(或者称“中央吸收衬垫”)21上。
在用任何工艺打孔之前上片28的厚度最好在约0.001-0.002时(0.025-0.05mm)之间。打孔后上片28最好能厚一些(在约0.02-0.03吋之间),因为在用此处所述的一些工艺对上片进行成形时会形成锥形毛细管结构(如图7中所示)。
下列专利文献中描述了适用的成形膜:1975年12月30日授予Thompson的美国专利3929135,1982年4月13日授予Mullane等人的US4324426,1982年8月3日授予Radel等人的US4342314,1984年7月31日授予Ahr等人的US4463045,1991年4月9日授予Baird的US5006394。而在Curro等人的US4609518、4629643、4695422、4772444、4778644和4839216文献中以及Ouellette等人的US4637819中都叙述了其它适用的成形薄膜和热油施压成形膜。在另一个实施例中,上片28由在图16中所示并在Aziz等人于1991年11月19日提交的美国专利申请07/794745中更详细地叙述的一种非织造材料25和一种塑料膜27构成。另外一些适于用作上片的材料在下列文献中有所叙述,它们是:1988年10月4日授予Hagy等人的US4775579、1991年6月11日授予Kobayashi的US5023124以及1989年3月1日公开的申请人为Suda等人的欧洲专利申请0304617A2。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,上片28由纤维缠结膜构成。“纤维缠结膜”系指将纤维缠结在膜的孔中或孔周围的多孔膜。这类上片的多孔膜可以由上述的任何膜或稀松非织造织物构成。这种薄膜具有用机械的方法或热形变方法松散缠结的非织造纤维。纤维最好沿着或者从面向芯一侧28b的方向进行缠结。图7示出了这种纤维缠结上片材料的一个例子。图7示出了把亲水性(或疏水性)纤维42′加到多孔膜上而制成的上片28。所用的纤维42′可以具有任何聚烯烃特性。可以用纤维42′来连接收集层34或代替收集层34。
缠结纤维的主要作用是使任何表面上的流体流出塑料膜。更具体地说,与简单地把非织造材料靠近薄膜所可能带来的效果相比,缠结的纤维42′与孔隙29的底部开口29b的接触紧密得多。这种紧密接触避免了在非织造材料和薄膜在底部开口29b处形成任何缝隙。缝隙的消除使纤维42′能够使液体穿过膜27而排出,并能防止在底部开口29b处形成弯液面。不然的话,液体会汇集在此位置从而弄湿使用者的皮肤。
可以用机械方法或热形变方法,用任何适当的工艺使纤维与膜相缠结。比如,可以把纤维熔喷到膜上、纺粘到膜上、梳理到膜上,当膜还处于熔融态时用热形变方法使纤维与膜相缠结(如把纤维植绒或熔喷到塑料膜上),或者用热油施压缠结法使纤维与膜相缠结。
把纤维缠结到膜上的优选的方法是采用气流使纱条拉长或者机械拉伸与气流沉积相结合的工艺。图18示出了得到这种上片结构的一种优选的方式。在该情形中,把合成热塑聚合物亲水材料挤压成纤维状。只要纤维从模子102中出来,就用一束空气流作用于纤维,使纤维变细。这个工艺就是所谓的熔喷工艺,授予Buntin等人Exxon公司的美国专利3978185中公开了这种工艺。可以用具有固有的可润湿性的纤维(例如由尼龙组分和亲水组分构成的尼龙共聚物)制成适用的亲水纤维。这种材料可以从Allied Signal Inc.公司买到,其商品名为Hydrofil SCFX。薄膜27面向芯的一侧27b应对着熔喷模102的头部。膜27上最好有多个用来形成锥形毛细管的锥状突起(或称“锥”)23。用制备这类膜27的工艺可以形成带有外表面的锥形物23,所述的外表面构成了破碎的或粗糙的边缘。US4463045中公开了一种特别适用的多孔膜27,用下述方法对这种膜进行环锭碾压以使之具有一定程度的延伸性。
纤维42′从模子102中喷出并附着到塑料膜27面向芯的一侧27b上。熔融的纤维42′和膜27的锥23将导致熔融并熔合。如图7A所示,这使纤维42′能永久地附着到膜上。可以认为这种附着主要发生在部分熔融的纤维42′和在锥体23的外表面上形成的部分破碎的边缘之间,所述锥体23构成了多孔膜27的毛细管。
在另一个优选的实施例中,纤维42′具有热塑合成特性,但也有疏水性。如聚乙烯之类的疏水性纤维可以从Dow化学公司买到,商品名为ASPUN,或者疏水纤维也可以是从Exxon公司买到的商名为3400和3500系列的聚丙烯。一旦进行了成形工艺,就可以用任何已知的方法(下面将详细叙述)对整个网进行处理使之具有亲水性。这类工艺可使孔隙更好地输送流体。在经这些处理工艺之后还可以对整个网进行环锭碾压。
纤维缠结上片28的材料使多孔膜27与非织造纤维42′之间得以更紧密地接触。其优点是能改善液体通过膜而到达到纤维42′和下面的层(比如吸收芯32或收集层34)的传输效果。由于膜27不太可能与下面的缠结纤维42′脱离,因而提高了舒适感,也避免了上片28移动到使用者身体的缝隙中。
在又一个优选的实施例(如图15所示)中,卫生巾20由多个穿用时可延伸(即可伸展,特别是在纵向伸展)的部件构成。卫生巾20的伸长量最好为其未伸展长度的约15%至约40%之间。这样的伸长率使卫生巾在使用中更好地贴近人体,更好地附着在使用者的内衣上,更为舒适并能降低沾污程度。在其它实施例中,卫生巾20的部件中仅仅有限的几个部件有必要具有伸展性。
图15中所示实施例中的那类上片28可以根据US4463045中披露的方法来制造并经环锭碾压使之具且有一定程度的纵向延伸性。下列文献中介绍了用于环锭碾压或“预起皱”的适用的工艺。它们是:1978年8月15日授予Sisson的US4107364,1989年5月30日授予Sabee的US4834741以及与本申请共同待批、共同转让的由Gerald M.Weber等人提出的美国专利申请07/662536、由Kenneth B.Buell等人提出的07/662537和由Gerald M.Weber等人于1991年2月28日提出的07/662543,这三份申请都是1991年2月28日提出的。上片皱折中的折叠线应沿横向走向,以使上片可沿纵向伸长。于1991年6月23日提出的下列美国专利申请中较详细地介绍了这种上片,它们是:申请人为Thompson等人的流水号为07/734404申请、由Thompson等人提交的美国专利申请07/734392和由Buenger等人提交的流水号为07/734405的申请。后三个专利申请可作为“毛细管通道纤维”方面的参考文献。
此外,在本发明优选的实施例中,用一种表面活性剂处理上片28中的至少一部分。这可用本领域普通技术人员所熟知的方法来完成。在很多参考文献中都介绍了用表面活性剂处理上片的适用的方法,这些文献包括授予Osborn的US4950264和US5009653以及Aziz等人于1991年11月19日提交的流水号为07/794745的美国专利申请。后一篇专利申请披露了用一种表面活性剂处理无纺/多孔热塑成形膜上片的多孔膜部分的内容。最好把表面活性剂掺入用来制备热塑成形膜的树脂中。
用表面活性剂处理上片28使上片28的表面更为亲水。其结果是液体穿过处理后的上片28的速度比穿过未经处理的表面的速度快。这样,体液流出上片28而不是透过上片28而排出的可能性就减小到了最低程度。
B、收集层
图2中示出了收集层(或称“收集/分配层”或“收集片”)34。它介于上片28与(至少一部分)吸收芯32之间。
在图2中所示的实施例中,收集层34是一个非织造材料的折叠片。不过应该指出,收集层34并非必须是一折叠片。这里所用的术语“层”或“网”包括(但不限子)单个未折叠的片、折叠片、材料带、松散的或粘合的纤维、多个材料层或叠层、或者这些材料的其它组合。因此,这两个术语不限于单一的未折叠的材料层或材料片。
在图2中,收集层34是一个“双”Z形折叠片。更具体地说,片34的折叠形式为:当沿横线剖开卫生巾时,折叠片的左半部分的横截面看上去呈倒“Z”形,而右半部分看上去呈“Z”形。收集层34最好折叠得使上部54在平面图中看去象一个矩形带。收集层34的上部54的长度最好约为227mm,宽度最好在约25至约35mm之间。上部54的厚度最好在从约0.5mm至约4mm之间(在这个范围内,上限越高,产品就越厚)。由Visscher于1990年10月29日提交的美国专利申请号07/605583中较详细地介绍了这样一种折叠结构。
图3是一个与图2类似的简化了的横向截面图,它示出了卫生巾20各部件的一种可供选择的结构。在图3中,收集层34不是位于芯32顶部上的一个分立层,收集层34是一个整体层(或部件),它构成了叠层吸收芯32构件的顶层。
在另外一些可供选择的实施例中,收集层34完全可以省去。在省去了收集层34的实施例中,吸收芯32应包括可以与上片28熔合的至少某些类型的纤维(最好是合成纤维)。最好把足够量的这些纤维置于靠近吸收芯32的面向身体的表面32a处以利于熔合。
可以做成一个带有天然纤维(如纤维素)的结合区,这可以通过使上片膜在纤维素纤维周围熔融而实现。一般来说用合成纤维形成的结合区更好,而纤维素纤维非常短,当分开设置这些熔合部分时,一些纤维素纤维可能没被熔合或者仅在一处熔合,这样会使熔合结构中这些纤维牵拉疏松。而合成纤维可以比纤维素纤维做得更长。
此处所述的上片28一般都熔合到收集层34上。为叙述简便起见,假设上述工作已经完成。(因为只讨论一个优选的实施例比同时叙述所有实施例要容易一些。)可以把上片28直接(或间接)熔合到(一个或多个)下面的其它部件上。从最广泛的意义上讲,上片28包括一个第一部件,将该部件熔合到下面的第二部件上。第二部件可以是一个分立的部件,或者也可以是另一个部件的一部分,比如上片的一部分、芯的一部分或者一些其它部件的一部分。
举例来说,在收集层34为一个与芯32结为一体的整体层(如图3中所示)或者完全省去了收集层34的实施例中,可以考虑把上片28熔合到部分吸收芯32上。
一般来说可以结合吸收芯32来叙述收集层34的作用。可以理解,在收集层34构成部分吸收芯32的实施例中,收集层34的作用与吸收芯32非常接近。不过,它与吸收芯32的其余部分(而不是芯本身)的作用相同。
收集层34的作用是改善流出物被虹吸的性能,并使流出物进入吸收芯32。有几个原因决定了为什么改善流出物被虹吸的性能非常重要,其原因之一是这种改善可使流出物更加均匀地分配在吸收芯中。
提高虹吸性能就可将本发明的卫生巾20做得相当薄。收集层34能使流出物分散在吸收芯32的大范围的表面里,而具有收集层34的卫生巾20则能吸收相当多的流出物。现有的又大又厚的卫生巾是靠其在流出物开始淤积的地方具有很高的垂直方向的吸收能力而起作用的。由于现有的卫生巾的吸收芯相当厚,所以它们只用小的表面积或侧向吸收容量就可吸收大量流出物。而本发明的卫生巾20由于能把流出物虹吸分散在吸收芯32的大表面区域中(在该区域内流出物能更好更快地被垂直吸入吸收芯32中),所以能吸收相当多的流出物。
收集层34可以在其纤维间具有足够的空间隙,以使之具有颇高的暂时保持液体的能力。这种暂时保持能力在流出物淤积到上片28上与流出物被吸收到吸收芯32中的时间间隔内非常有用,而对尿布和失禁用品则显得特别有用。这样可以在吸收芯32吸收液体(比如尿)的速率低于液体淤积到吸收用品上的速率的情况下使收集层34暂时保持住涌流的液体。
收集层34还可用于把流出物导向吸收芯的端部32d。淤积到吸收芯32上的液体流出物倾向于从沉积处向外成辐射状地传输。由于卫生巾20的吸收芯32与其长度相比较为狭窄,液体流出物到达吸收芯32的纵向边缘32c比到达吸收芯的端部32d快得多。收集层34可用于把流出物纵向虹吸并引导到吸收芯32的端部32d。这样就更有效地利用了吸收芯的吸收能力并降低了过早到达吸收芯的纵向边缘32c的流出物泄漏的可能性。
除非另外说明,这里所称的虹吸过程(wicking)包括同时在“x-y”平面中并沿Z方向输送液体。图1和2中示出了这些方向。收集层34最好在两个方向上都能输送液体。
理想情况是,以宝塔形分布花样(也许更准确地说应为锥形分布花样)输送液体。宝塔(或锥体)的顶尖就是液体淤积到收集层34面向身体表面34a上的那一点。然后液体就向下向外分配到宝塔(或锥体)的底部。
在一个优选的实施例中,液体倾泻分配到吸收芯32上。分别由Noel等人和Feist等人提交的美国专利申请07/637090和07/637571中较详细地叙述了这种分配方式。可以把它想象为类似于把水倒入一个冰块盘子中的方式。液体的分配方式是:当吸收芯32的一部分达到其吸收容量时,液体就横向流动,然后向下淤积在吸收芯32的相邻部分。
把收集层34和上片28结合起来还可提高卫生巾的涌流收集(gush acqwisition)效果和刮扫收集(wipe acqwisition)效果。授权于Osborn的美国专利4950264和5009653中较详细地介绍了这方面的情况。(也可把收集层34称为“刮扫收集片”。)
下面介绍收集层34的性能。收集层34应能透过液体。最好收集层34柔顺、感觉松软、并且对使用者的皮肤没有刺激性。它可以由任何上述能分散流出物的材料制成。最好这些材料还有一层熔合上片28。收集层34还可具有伸展性能。收集层34有一个面向身体的面(或侧)34a和一个面向内衣的面34b。
收集层34应是亲水性的。构成收集层34的纤维或纱线42可具有固有的亲水性,或者也可对它们进行处理以使之亲水。使纤维获得亲水性能的适当的方法包括用表面活性剂对纤维进行处理。可通过将表面活性剂喷涂在构成收集层的材料上,或者把上述材料浸到表面活性剂中的办法来处理纤维。在分别授予Reising等人以及Reising的US4988344及US4988345中较详细地讨论了上述处理过程及亲水性能。这些纤维的亲水性能使收集层34从下面通过上片28而抽吸液体流出物。
收集层34可以由纺织材料或非织造材料构成。这些材料可以是合成材料,也可以部分是合成材料部分是天然材料。适用的合成纤维包括聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、粘性人造纤维或醋酸纤维,其中聚酯纤维最可取。适用的天然纤维包括棉纱、纤维素或其它天然纤维。收集层34可以至少部分地包括交联纤维素纤维。下列专利文献中介绍了适用的交联纤维素纤维。这些专利文献是:1989年12月19日授予Cook等人的US4888093、1989年4月18日授予Dean等人的US4822543、1989年12月26日授予Schoggen等人的US4889595、1990年2月6日授予Moore等人的US4898642,以及1990年6月19日授予Lash等人的US4935022。不过,上述天然的或改性的纤维的用量不应大到使上片28不能充分熔融到其余部分合成纤维上的程度。收集层34还可由毛细管通道纤维(即通道在纤维上面,最好在纤维的外表面)构成。在1990年10月10日公开的欧洲专利申请0391814及毛细管通道纤维专利申请中较详细地介绍了这类纤维。收集层34还可由上述材料的组合物构成,例如由下面所述的用于吸收芯的那些纤维相类似的纤维混合物构成,或者由任何等效的材料或材料的组合物构成。
在不同的实施例中,构成收集层34的材料的熔点可以低于、等于或高于上片28的熔点。构成收集层34的材料的熔点最好高于或等于构成上片28材料的熔点。聚酯纤维为优选的材料,因为它们的熔点较高(在约375°和约400°F之间)。此性质使它们特别适合于射流喷网成布工艺。射流喷网成布工艺中采用了一道高温干燥工序。聚酯纤维能够承受得住射流喷网成布工艺而不会被高温所损坏。
采用聚酯纤维还有一个优点,即这些纤维特别适于与推荐的上片材料一同使用。当上片28熔合到收集层34上时,通常在上片的熔融温度下聚酯纤维不会熔融。其好处是熔合后纤维42仍能保持其纤维的形状。例如,如果上片28由聚乙烯成形膜构成,它的熔融温度可以在约165至约215°F之间。因此,本发明便于采用熔融温度不同的材料(如下所述)来制得熔合后能提高液体穿过这些层的收集效果的构件。
构成收集层34的纤维或纱线42的长度不限,可以从扯样长度到长丝。纤维42的长度在约1吋与约3吋之间(在约2.5cm与7.5cm之间)较好,最好约为1.5吋(约3.8cm)。纤维42每根纤维的旦尼尔数在约1与约3之间较好,最好约为1.5。
收集层34的纤维42最好基本上朝一个方向排列。通常,所选出的收集层34的纤维朝向机器方向(MD)。在产品中,把收集层34布置得使纤维42朝着纵向。(也就是说,纤维42大体平行于卫生巾20的纵向中心线1)。此处所用的“大体平行”于纵向中心线这种说法(以及类似的说法)也用来包括那些偏离纵向中心线的纤维。纵向与横向相比只要这些纤维更偏向于纵向,就可以认为它们大体上平行于纵向。收集层34中纤维42这种取向使淤积到收集层34上的液体流出物更易被虹吸,朝吸收芯32的端部32d分配。
收集层34可以具有任何适当的尺寸。收集层34不必延伸到吸收芯32的整个宽度。比如,收集层34可以是放置成类似(大小也类似于)图1和2中所示的Z形折叠片的上部54的条状物。
如果采用非织造材料,可以用几种不同的工艺来制成收集层34。这些方法(但不限于)包括(下面按从最不可取到最为优选的顺序排列):熔喷法、纺粘法、梳理法,后者按优选顺序排列又包括热粘合法、气流粘合法、粉末粘合剂粘合法、胶乳粘合法、溶剂粘合法或者是最为优选的射流喷网成布法。列在后面的工艺较为优选,因为在这些工艺中较容易使纤维朝一个方向排列。
适于用作收集层34的市售产品包括被称SONTARA的一种70%/30%配比的人造丝/聚酯纤维。在授权于Osborn US4950264和US5009653中较详细地叙述了这种SONTARA纤维。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,收集层34包括一层由可永久润湿的纤维构成的用射流喷网成布法制得的非织造织物。最好收集层34是一种30g/码2(35g/m2)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(或者叫PET)射流喷网非织造织物。这类射流喷网非织造织物是由马萨诸塞州Walpole的Veratec公司(Veratec Company)制造的。该射流喷网非织造织物的制做工艺应使大部分纤维朝着一个方向。
这种特别优选的收集层34的纤维材料是由一种PET树脂制成的,并且涂上了一层称为CELWET的有专利权的可永久润湿涂料。这些纤维可从北卡罗来纳州Charlotte的Hoechst Celanese Corparation买到。此处所用“可永久润湿的纤维”一词指当按照ASTM D 1117-74篮沉法(Basket Sink Method)试验时,在约7秒或更短的时间内可以沉降的纤维。CELWET涂料在具有包括一层带有热油施压缠结的非织造织物的多孔膜或稀松织物的上片28的卫生巾中特别有用,因为涂有这种涂料的纤维在经热油施压缠结工艺后能保持特别强的亲水性,而且能很好地虹吸血液。
(Ⅰ)将上片熔合到收集层上
使上片28与下层固定接触。该下面的层应当或者具有一定的吸收能力,或者能够把液体输送到一个有吸收能力的层上。在图2中所示的优选的实施例中,这就是收集层34。这种固定接触关系使液体能较快地透过上片28。在通常的产品中,通过将粘合剂涂敷在下层和上片28之间,可以使上片28从一开始就保持与下面层相接触。
在本发明中,最好使上片28与下面的收集层34面对面地结合,这可以通过使上片28与收集层34熔合结合而实现。本发明关心的上片28和收集层34各面的熔合区应位于有关各面的任何不透液体的接缝(比如卫生巾20的周边26周围)的内侧部分。(“内侧”一词指朝向纵向和横向中心线的交汇点的一侧。)
此处所用的“熔合结合”一词的含义包括(但不限于):(1)两种熔合材料被熔融到一起的理想的熔合;以及(2)结合,即将第一种材料熔融,在熔融状态下使第一种材料通过机械结合方式而结合到未熔融的第二种材料上。
可以完全采用熔合结合的手段或者部分用熔合结合部分用其它类型的结合手段把上片28与收集层34固定到一起。可以用加热和/或加压方法结合、超声方法结合、动态机械结合等手段来完成熔合过程。可以用适当的方式比如使两个部件在两个反向旋转的轧辊之间运动、把材料放在一个砧座上并用一个压板向下压在材料上施行真空状态下加压等等来加压。
下列专利文献中至少有一些叙述了可用于把上片28熔合到收集层34上的适当的方法,它们是:Schaefer的US4430148,Kievit等人的US4515595,Persson等人的US4531999,Lash的US4710189和US4808252,Willhite,Jr.等人的US4823783,Ball等人的US4854984和US4919756。
两个结合层(上片28和下面的收集层34)在一个1吋×6吋(2.5cm×15cm)的样品上测得的可取的平均撕裂强度应大于或等于约50g/吋,更可取的是大于或等于65g/吋。这些数值是通过根据下面第四部分“试验方法”中所述的180°撕裂结合强度试验而测试到的。值得指出的是,这些值是优选值。如果在收集层34与上片28通过机械方法部分地缠结在一起的情况下,有些实施例中所用材料的结合强度值也可以较低。
熔合部分最好将分立各熔合结点44组成一种花样。分立的熔合接点44可以呈任何平面图形。比如,结点44可以组成直线形或曲线形、可以为某些几何图形(比如圆形、方形、矩形、菱形等形状),或者呈不规则的形状。可以用许多不同的方式来布置结点44。
图1示出了一种特别优选的结合花样。熔合结点44由多个分立的结合点构成,这些结合点形成了一个环形区域。结点44的布置图形应主要分布在卫生巾的整体表面20a(即前面称为卫生巾“主体部分”的那部分),其次才是边翼。图1中所示的结合花样由多个大结点44a和多个小结点44b组成。大结点44a位于卫生巾的纵向中心区域46中。小结点44b则位于卫生巾的纵向侧区48中。
在图1和图2中,大结点44a直径约为2mm。大结点44a所形成的结合区域的大小最好为4mm2。小结点44b的直径约0.5mm。小结点44b所形成的结合区域的大小最好为0.25mm2。在此结合花样中结点44的直径可以从约0.5mm至约3mm。结点44的直径最好在约0.5mm和约2mm之间。结点44一般大于上片28中的孔隙29。这些结点44构成了结合区域52(下面将结合图8详细描述这些区域),这些区域的深度范围在约0.5mm与约1.5mm之间较好,最好在约1mm至约1.5mm之间。(对“Z”形折叠的收集层34来说,大结点44a穿透了上片并且穿透了构成收集层34的折叠片的上部54的部分厚度。)
结点44最好组成一些相互隔开的斜线。图中示出的优选的结合图形中的各线的走向与纵向中心区域46和纵向侧区48的走向相同。结点44之间相隔约5mm至约16mm较好,相隔约5mm至约8mm更好。这个间距是沿着结点之间最短距离方向测出的。大结点44a的分布密度最好为18个/吋2,小结点44b的分布密度最好为每平方吋25个。不难理解,图中所示出的结点图形只是一个优选的图形,许多其它图形也同样适用。
结点44的间隔一般比上片28中的孔29的间隔更大。于是,所形成的结点44有时将跨过一个或多个孔29或者孔29的局部。不过,由于结点44不影响流出物流向下层,所以不必使结点44与孔29对准。
各结点44的强度决定了层与层之间的结合强度。一般来说,结合强度与结点面积有关(也就是说,各结点44的面积越大,结合就越牢固)。许多个相距较近的弱合结点可能成为一个总的大结合区。通常,当把结合层分开时对于每个弱合结点所加的撕裂力较小。如果各结点紧挨在一起,结合的效果就会与使用粘合剂所产生的效果相近,所获得的产品弹性较差。本发明的优点在于虽然使用了较大通常也较强的结点,却没有影响液体的收集效果。可以认为本发明克服了难以有效地采用较大的结点的缺点。因此本发明的方案避免了采用紧密排列的小结点所引起的不希望出现的问题。
图8是与结合部位相关的侧视示意图。(图中所示的部位是结点44a的多倍放大示意图,结点44a位于图3中纵向中心线1的左侧)。按上述方式把薄膜上片28熔融到收集层34的纤维42上,而使纤维保持原封不动。图9和10示出了该结合部位的外貌。结合部位由上片28熔融到收集层34的纤维42上所在的一个熔合区域(或者称结合区域)50构成。上片28和环绕接合部位的收集层34的区域限定了一个结合孔52(一个由结合所形成的孔)。由于结合孔52的深度在上述特定的深度范围之内,所以结合孔52穿透了上片28并达到收集层34的一定深度处。
如图8所示,当描述上片28与下层的熔合过程时,不难理解,这是指上述部件之间的总体关系。尽管结点44可以(并且很可能)穿透上片28与下层之间界面处的下层表面,仍然可以认为,这些部件是在该面上被熔合在一起的。
结合区构成了一个底部与熔合区50相结合的渗透结构或者叫储层结构。在图8中,储层的侧面56一部分由薄膜上片28而一部分由收集层34构成。收集层34由大量纤维42构成,其中纤维42之间有大量的空间隙(孔隙空间)58。于是收集层34的空间隙和亲水纤维提供了由储层向外导流的大量排泄通道或排泄沟60。上述排泄通道60的位置是沿着熔合区50周边周围储层侧面56的下部布置的。
在其它实施例中,储层侧面56可由不同的部件构成。图3中纵向中心线1右面的结点44a示出了这种情况的一个例子。所形成的结点44a一直穿过卫生巾20的多个部件(但不能穿透下片30)。由此结点所构成的储层向外导流的排泄通道60可以是由卫生巾20中结合通孔52所穿过的不同部件或层中的任何部分所构成。
当然根据需要所述结点44可以足够深,以便达到卫生巾20中各部件或层中的任何一部分深度或全部深度。最好是象上述的第一个熔合实施例中的情形那样,熔合区50位于上片28对着芯那面28b的下面。这就提供了不影响向下层排泄的结合结构。结合部分最好还构成通进上片28下面的至少一些层的侧壁56。不过,由位于上片28之下的各层所形成的侧壁56不必都是开口的。例如,每隔一层或隔多层可具有封闭的侧壁56。
结合过程中不应产生能封闭住任何下层的侧壁56,这些下层对输送液体应是畅通的。如果构成这些下面层的材料的熔融温度高于上片28(或所熔合到的其它层)材料的熔融温度,这个目的就可以达到。构成这些层的材料的熔融温度还一定要高于熔合工艺中可能出现的温度。最后一个要求是,因为较低层(如底片30)是不能透液体的,上述熔合过程不应产生完全穿过任何较低层的孔。
排泄通道60可以具有与相邻层中孔隙空间结构不同的其它结构。这样,排泄通道60就可以位于处在熔合区域50周边上方的收集层34的那些部分之外的其他位置。比如,如图8中所示,也可在熔合区域50中形成排泄通道60。排泄通道60可以由处于储层结构底部的熔合区50中的裂缝70形成。
在其它实施例中,可以故意在熔合区50中形成多个洞72。图8A中示出了一个用来形成熔合结点44的装置74。装置74(图中示出了其中的一部分)可以带有一个头76,头76上配有一个或多个从装置的结合裂面80延伸的冲孔元件78。当形成了结点44时,接合表面80也将形成熔合区50。冲孔元件78的作用是在熔合区域中留下足以形成排泄通道60的洞72。冲孔元件甚至可能穿透和/或破开下面层的一些纤维42。该实施例提供了一种例外于通常优选用来形成较深接点结构(下面将谈到这类方案)的结合结构。即使结点44是在结合层之间界面上具有熔合区域50的较浅的结点,此结构也能把液体输送到下面各层。
在图11中所示的另一个例子(下面将详细叙述)中,上片28中的孔隙29(或者这些孔隙29的一部分)能够提供进入下面层的排泄通道60。如图11中所示,储层的侧边56可以都由上片28的局部所构成。
所观察到的在结合部位吸收身体流出物的过程是颇为罕见的。虽然不期望任何具体理论来解释,但据信卫生巾20是按下述方式工作的:当液体流到上片28时,部分液体将流入结合孔52中。这个过程进行得常快。然后液体可能暂时保持在结合孔52中。这可能有利于液体不与使用者身体接触。流出物经短时间保持以后,再断续地被排入收集层34之中。在其它实施例中,甚至不暂时保持流出物。在这些实施例中,流出物会立即穿过排泄通道60而流入收集层34之中。
因此,在上片28和收集层34结合处所形成的熔合区50不会以任何不希望的方式破坏液体通道。此外,只要总的结合区域不过分大,带有表面积较大的结点(并且因此带有较大熔合区)的多孔膜上片的卫生巾不但不会阻塞液体向吸收芯32输送,所具有的性能反而不比小结点卫生巾差,这一点与人们想象的情况相反。
实际上较大的结点区域44a可能产生可观察到的吸收能力增加的效果。为了提高沿纵向中心区域46的吸收能力,应按图1所示的优选实施例中所示出的那样布置较大结点44a。业已发现,这种视觉印象对消费者是非常重要的,因为要使她们确信非常薄的卫生巾也能非常好地完成吸收功能往往是非常困难的。
虽然不期望用任何理论来解释,但据信当采用较深的结点44时,结合而成的结构还具有其余的特点。图11和12示意出了这些特点。如图11中所示,采用深的结点可使上片28的局部28'直接靠近结合区域50并弯进(或凹进)结合孔。这可能有几方面的效果。
由深结点形成的孔可以形成杯状凹陷。杯状凹陷可以有一个嘴形开口62,该开口比构成杯底的结合区域50更宽。换句话说,杯结构具有锥形侧壁56。据信这是由结点深度及穿透进非织造收集层34所致。这样就可使上片材料28在非织造收集层34材料中环绕结点44的部分上拉直。显然,这种环状结构收集效果良好。
如图11中所示,上片材料28在深结点44区域中拉直可使上片28中的孔隙29向外偏向侧壁。用字母“a”来表示这些孔隙29的轴线。这些轴线确定了孔隙29的方向。通常,这些轴线处于“Z”方向。当孔隙29向外偏斜时,它们的轴线就有了一个水平(即x-y方向的)投影。因而使孔隙29的取向朝向收集层34中的相邻部分而不是朝向熔合区50,其益处是使液体可以穿过孔隙29而输送进收集层34。
因12中所示的结构给出了一个带有浅结点44的相反的例子。此处所用的“浅结点”一词指当把两种材料的面彼此相邻放置时没有穿透到这两种材料之间的界面处的那些结点。图12中所示的那些浅结点形成了平坦的熔合区50。这些平坦的熔合区50与以前所述的当在卫生巾的周边形成不透液体的结合区时所构成的那些熔合区相似。除非这些平坦的熔合区50带有上述的洞或缝隙,否则它们不会使液体进到下层中。
可以有许多种接合图形,比如可以是按行、几何形状、花样、曲线或直线、间断线等形状排列的多种不同形状的交点中的任何一种。此外,在整个卫生巾上所述图形既不必均匀分布,也不一定只是一种图形。还可以把不同的结合图形等等用在卫生巾20的不同部件之间。比如,可以以一种图形把上片28和紧挨着的下面层结合起来,然后以一种不同的结合图形把如此形成的叠层与另一层结合起来。
图13A示出了一种按多条波浪线组成的结合图形。结合图形甚至可用来把液体由卫生巾中的一处导向另一处。比如,淤积在这些波浪线区域中的液体将往往能沿着这些线并在这些线内流动。在另外一些可供选择的实施例中,可以采用绗缝图形使卫生巾更具柔软感。
图13B-13D示出了采用一种结合图形以便使卫生巾20在使用中至少部分地呈某一种特定形状的例子。所示出卫生巾20的结合图形呈椭圆形。采用这种特定结合图形的同时还用了一个位于卫生巾20面向内衣一侧20b上的抗挠曲变形的元件82。该抗挠曲变形元件82由一个薄片构成,片中有成形的多个肋84和一个通道86。1989年10月4日公开的由Kenneth B.Buell提交的欧洲专利申请0335252和0335253中较详细地介绍了抗挠曲变形元件。如图13D中所示,当卫生巾受从侧面向内的压力作用时,它就形成了在上述欧洲专利申请中已详细介绍的结构。另一个有助于形成一种特定结构的适用的结合图形可以是一个形状为两条线组成的图形,所述的两条线分别位于纵向中心线1的两对侧,其取向为纵向,且相对向内侧凹入。
将上片28与收集层34熔合还可能带来其它的优越性。比如,人们认为采用熔合法而不用粘合剂可以提高产品总的柔韧性。虽然不期望用任何理论来解释,人们相信这可能应归结为几个因素:不用粘合剂就消除了多余的材料层,特别是消除了较不易弯曲的材料层(粘合层);此外,用粘合剂很难使上述材料为点结合,通常是把粘合剂涂成粘合层或粘合线,一般说来,这种布置的柔性要比点状图形布置的柔性差,因为这种布置过分地限制了接合材料的一些部分彼此相错滑动的可能性。
因此,卫生巾的实际柔性将取决于所采用的特定的结合图形。例如,如果采用的是许多非常小、间隔很近的点,其柔性可能一点都不比具有粘接式固定层的产品的柔性好,因为这些间隔很近的结合区会使其象一层粘合剂涂层一样盖住全部区域。另一方面,如果结合图形呈连续线状或间断的线形并且所述线的取向与卫生巾可弯曲方向的轴向相同,则可以提高卫生巾的柔性。
至少还可以部分采用任何其它适当的连接手段或将其它手段和上述连接手段组合起来固定上片28和收集层34。至少可以部分地用本领域人员熟知的任何手段(比如用粘合剂)把上片28和收集层34连接起来。如果采用粘合剂,可以把粘合剂涂敷成均匀的连续层、带有图形的层或者一组分开的粘合线、螺线或粘合点。粘合连接最好包括1986年3月4日授予Minetola等人的US4573986中所公开的粘合丝所组成的一个断开图形的网状物;或者包括一个由几条粘合丝线盘旋成螺旋图形的断续图形的网状物。这种连接方式是由下列专利文献中所述的装置和方法完成的,它们是:1975年10月7日授予Sprague,Jr.的US3911173;1978年11月22日授予Zieker等人的US4785996;以及1989年6月27日授予Werenicz的US4842666。适用的粘合剂是由威斯康星州Elm Grove的Findley粘合剂公司(Findley Adhesives Incorporated)制造的,市售的商品名为H-1077或H-1137。
在另外一些实施例中,至少可以部分采用机械方法和加热形变方法来连接上片28和收集层34。可以用上面所限定的任何一种方法使收集层34的纤维缠结起来,以形成缠结了纤维的薄膜上片。
C、吸收芯
吸收芯32位于上片28和下片30之间。吸收芯32是吸收月经流体和其它身体流出物的部件。吸收芯32一般应可以压缩,使用舒适,且对使用者的皮肤没有刺激性。
吸收芯32可以由现有的用作此用途的任何材料构成。这些材料例如可以包括天然材料(比如棉纤维)、粉末木浆(经常被用作一种透气毡化纤维)、皱纹纤维素填絮、泥炭苔绒、交联纤维素纤维、吸收泡沫、吸收海绵、合成人造纤维、聚合物纤维、能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂,或者任何等效的材料或一些材料的组合物。
在图1-3所示的实施例中,吸收芯32包括一层优级吸收聚合物材料层(例如颗粒形)的叠层,该聚合物材料层置于两层气流成网织物即第一和第二织物层(或者称“上”和“下”织物层)之间。第一和第二织物层能够封闭住优级吸收聚合物材料,促进侧向虹吸通过吸收芯32的待吸收流出物,并具有一定的吸收能力。一种适用的叠层是可从衣阿华州Muscatine的粮食加工公司(Grain Processing Corporation)买到的WATER-LOCK L-535优级吸收叠层(WATER LOCK是粮食加工公司所注册的商标)。1984年8月21日授予Pedersen等人的US4467012以及1981年4月7日授予Lindsay等人的US4260443中公开了这种优级吸收叠层。
用在吸收芯32之中的聚合物凝胶剂通常由一种能形成水凝胶的聚合物材料颗粒构成,此处所用的“颗粒”一词可指任何形状的材料。比如丸状、片状或纤维状材料。授予Weisman等人的US4673402和授予Osborn的US5009653以及后一篇专利中所引用的那些专利文献中较详细地叙述了吸收芯32的特性(包括但不限于此处所用的优选的聚合物材料以及可用来制备这些聚合物颗粒的各种方法),在此引用这些公开内容以供参考。
在上述实施例的一个优选方案中,吸收芯32是一个如上所述的叠层,该叠层如附图15中所示的那样开有裂缝或部分开缝以利于纵向延伸。在毛细管通道纤维专利申请中较详细地介绍了这种开有裂缝或部分开缝的芯。
图4-6示出了一种特别优选的吸收芯32,下面称之为“混合”芯。在较厚的卫生巾20中可以见到这种特殊结构的芯。不过,也可以把它做成一种薄网以用在薄的产品中。
混合吸收芯32包括一个纤维胎,最好形如一个均匀混合的纤维层。混合芯32至少包括两组(或两类)纤维。这些纤维包括低旦尼尔数、较短的、亲水的第一组(或类)纤维,以及约5%以上、最好至少约为10%或20%至约90%的高旦尼尔数的、较长的合成纤维亦即第二组(或类)纤维。可以改变两组纤维的混合比以使不同类型的吸收用品具有各自所期望的性能。除非另有说明,在此描述中所规定的所有百分比是按重量计算的。
第一组纤维可以由天然纤维(比如棉、纤维素或其它天然纤维)构成。第一组纤维还可选择地由合成纤维构成或其中添加有合成纤维,第一组纤维包括(但不限于)人造丝、采用化学、加热、机械方法制备的浆液(或“CTMP”或“TMP”)、磨成粉状的木屑或者化学改性纤维(比如交联的纤维素纤维)。在一个实施例中,第一组纤维由通常被称为透气毡化纤维的粉末木浆纤维构成。第一组中的纤维或者本身具有亲水性,或者可以用上面所述的使其具有亲水性的任何方法对其进行处理以使其具有亲水性。
通过选择一种润湿时能够保持其大部分抗压缩能力的较为刚性的纤维,可以提高吸收用品的性能。(也就是说,纤维应有较高的压缩模量。)最好所选定的纤维同时具有抗压缩性能以及润湿态和干燥态的回弹性能(即当受到压缩时,这些纤维既抗压缩又可回弹)。交联纤维素纤维尤其能满足这些条件。(不过,应该注意的是,应使交联纤维素纤维充分改性,这样才可以不再把它们视为纤维素纤维或天然纤维本身。)
第二组纤维应具有很高的弹性模量,并且在润湿时应能保持较高的模量。第二组纤维最好也应具有湿润态和干燥态的回弹性能。适用的纤维包括(但不限于)由上述适于用作收集层34的纤维的材料中的任何材料所组成的合成纤维。(不过,二者的纤维长度、旦尼尔数等指标不必相同。下面将介绍一些优选的纤维长度等指标。)
第二组中的纤维最好比第一组中的纤维长。第二组中的纤维的长度大于或等于约1/4吋(约0.6cm)时较好,而大于或等于约1/2吋(约1.3cm)时更好。第二组纤维中的纤维旦尼尔数最好大于第一组纤维中的纤维旦尼尔数。第二组纤维中每根单纤维的纤维旦尼尔数最好能在约6与约40之间。旦尼尔数在约15与约30之间较好,最好在约15至约25之间。
第二组中的纤维可以是亲水的、疏水的或是部分亲水及部分疏水的。第二组中纤维最好至少具有一些亲水组分(最好是一种纤维素组分)。可以用多种适当的方式使第二组中的纤维具有亲水组分。这些方式包括(但不限于)对这些纤维进行涂覆或处理,使其具有亲水性或至少部分表面亲水。
可用于第二组纤维中的一种适当的合成纤维为卷曲的聚酯纤维。从田纳西州Eastman Kodak Textile Fibers Division Kingsporot可买到KODEL 200和400系列产品中的适用的合成纤维。一种适用的合成纤维是KODEL 410纤维。一种适用的聚酯纤维是KODEL 431纤维。这些KODEL纤维卷曲时每直线时(即每2.5cm)的卷曲次数应在约5和7之间,在6左右更好。最好为每直线吋卷曲数为6.3。纤维卷曲的卷曲角在约70°至约91°之间时较好,最好约为88°。卷曲提高了纤维的回弹性及其它所期望的性能。每单纤维的旦尼尔数为15,长度约为0.5吋(约1.3cm)。可以用本领域人员所熟知的任何适当的方法在这些纤维上涂敷一种亲水或疏水的涂料。
在一个可选择的实施例中,可以用一些很短的、旦尼尔数很低(有亲水表面)的合成纤维来代替第一组纤维中的纤维素纤维。在这种情形中,混合芯32由短的、旦尼尔数低的、亲水性的第一组合成纤维(比如带有CELWET涂层的聚酯纤维)和长的、高旦尼尔数的第二组的合成纤维共同构成。
这样的混合芯还可含有能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂颗粒,以提高芯的吸收能力。
在一个优选的实施例中,能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂包括“高速”吸收凝胶材料。此处所用的“高速”吸收凝胶材料是指那些能够吸收流出物的吸收凝胶材料,其吸收速率应使其在短于或等于约10秒的时间中至少达到其吸收容量的约40%,可取的是约50%,最好能达到约90%。分别由Noel等人和Feist等人提出的美国专利申请07/637090和07/637571中叙述了一种测量吸收容量百分率的适用的方法。在一些可供选择的实施例中,还可以把高速吸收凝胶材料与其它类型的(或一般速率的)吸收凝胶材料混合起来。
在上面刚刚介绍的实施例中,高速吸收凝胶材料最好呈纤维状。1989年8月8日授予Bourland等人的US4855179中更充分地讨论了这些纤维(虽然它们不一定是高速纤维状吸收凝胶材料)。此处所用的“纤维状吸收凝胶材料”一词是指完全由吸收凝胶材料和双组分纤维构成纤维状吸收凝胶材料,至少一部分所述的双组分纤维是由表面涂有吸收凝胶材料的其它材料构成的。被称为FIBERSORB SA7000的材料就是一种适用的纤维状高速吸收凝胶材料,以前该材料由宾夕法尼亚州Newton Squar的Arco化学公司(Arco Chemical Company)生产。
据信在这种混合芯中如何有效地利用能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂仍是一个有待探讨的问题。也可以使用较高浓度的能形成水凝胶的聚合物凝胶剂。
最好使混合吸收芯32压缩后的密度为至少约1.5g/吋3(约0.09g/cm3)。可以使混合芯32压缩后的密度至少高达约4.0g/吋3(约0.25/cm3)以便在仍能保持良好的柔软度和柔韧性的同时提高流体的虹吸能力。(这里所限定的密度值不包括任何吸收凝胶材料颗粒的重量。)可以对整个吸收芯32或仅对其中选定的部分进行压实。按花样压实可以使流体输送性能适合某一特定要求。比如,流体首先到达的区域的密度可以非常低,以使流体收集速度达到最大,而芯边缘附近的密度可以非常高,以使虹吸流体的能力最高。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,改进后的吸收芯32是将约15%的0.5吋长、每单纤维15旦尼尔的卷曲聚酯纤维和约85%的交联纤维素纤维压缩成密度约1g/吋3(约0.06g/cm3)的气流成网混合物。
可以把混合吸收芯32用作整个芯或仅用作多层结构中的一层或多层。所采用的混合吸收芯32可以带有收集层34也可以不带收集层34。
图4-6示出了吸收芯32的一个实例,为了生产“异形截面”的卫生巾20,其中的吸收芯材料为多层。该异形截面的卫生巾20在卫生巾的中央处较厚,并使其逐渐变窄而越靠近边缘22和24处越薄。图5和6表明,可以通过把长宽尺寸较大的各层叠合在长宽尺寸较小的各层的顶部的方式(或以相反的方式叠合)来制出这种异形截面的卫生巾20。
在多层结构中,可以全部由纤维素或者由纤维素/能形成水凝胶的聚合物材料的混合物构成一层或多层。各层中纤维和/或吸收凝胶材料的含量也可以有所不同。比如,可以使较下面的各层中吸收凝胶材料的百分比含量较高,以增加存储液体的能力。
据信,该混合吸收芯32的性能有所提高。可以认为混合吸收芯提高了流体收集速度和吸收容量。上述改进还可能减少流体的泄漏。也可以把吸收芯做得更小更薄,以使吸收用品穿着时更舒适、更合身。由于含有合成纤维还可能提高吸收芯的强度。人们认为这些性能的提高是由几方面因素决定的。
采用本发明组分的吸收芯的湿密度比完全由纤维素组成的芯的湿密度低。湿密度较低是由于存在合成纤维的缘故。由于水不会被合成纤维吸收,润湿时纤维的模量不会改变,而且纤维不会断裂。湿密度较低使混合吸收芯提高了流体收集速度并具有较大的吸收容量。由于聚合物材料胀大的余地更大,湿密度较低可使包含在纤维基质中的任何能生成水凝胶的聚合物材料能够吸收更多的液体。
据信第一组纤维有助于减少泄漏。混合芯提供了大量的细毛细管,而由100%的粗合成纤维构成的芯不具有这种毛细管。这些较细的毛细管可使吸收芯将液体抽吸得穿过上片并离开穿用者的皮肤。由于沿皮肤表面流动而逸出产品的液体量减少了,因而提高了产品的抗泄漏性能。
混合芯的第一组纤维还具有虹吸能力。这种能力是上面提到的细毛细管作用的结果。把芯压实可以增强这种毛细作用。纤维素可使芯在干燥时保持纯合成材料通常达不到的高密度。合成纤维的存在使芯中润湿的部分发生膨胀,而这就降低了这些部分的密度。尚处于干燥态的邻近的压实区域密度很大并带有细的毛细管。结果,液体必然会被这些邻近区域虹吸。这样就可保持吸收容量和收集速度。
人们还认为,卷曲的合成纤维提高了芯的抗压缩性和回弹性。即使在吸收芯中吸进了液体并且在芯上施加了压力以后这种回弹性也能使芯中保持孔隙空间。孔隙空间提供了用于吸收液体的附加存储空间。它还提供了吸收剂凝胶材料吸进液体后膨胀所需的附加空间。
本说明书中所引用的那些专利说明书和参考文献中较详细地描述了其它类型吸收芯的特性。上述文献中所引用的专利文献和其它参考文献中还介绍了其余的特性。本说明书中引用了所有这些参考文献的公开内容。此外,US4988344和US4988345以及1986年10月22日公开的、以Duenk等人提交的欧洲专利申请号0198683中介绍了其它适用的吸收芯的结构。1984年10月9日授予Gellert的US4475911中介绍了其它可能的芯32的材料。
卫生巾(或其它吸收用品)20还可以包括如上述参考的专利文献所描述的任何其余的层或其它部件。例如,吸收用品可以包括位于上片28和吸收芯32之间的一层收集层或者交联纤维素纤维片层。
D、下片
下片30是不透液体的。下片30的作用是防止月经流体及其它身体流出物弄脏使用者的衣服。此处可以采用本领域中用于该用途的任何材料。适用的材料包括压花或非压花的聚乙烯薄膜及其叠层织物。Monsanto化学公司(Monsanto Chemical Corporation)制造并推向市场的、商品名为第8020号薄膜产品就是一种适用的聚乙烯薄膜。
在卫生巾20的一个可供选择的实施例中(其中上片28一般只盖住卫生巾的主体部分21并且不再向外延伸而形成边翼36的顶面),下片30可由两个层构成。在这种情况下,下片30可以包括一个置于下片面向芯一侧30a之上的膨松材料制成的第一层。设计第一层的目的是提供一个贴在使用者身体上的舒适的、无刺激性的表面。膨松材料可由任何适合的材料(比如一种非织造材料)构成。最好膨松材料由一种疏水的非织造材料构成。第二层可置于下片30的内衣一侧30b上,并且可由一片不透流体的薄膜构成。现已发现用一种约0.01至约0.05mm(最好约0.02mm)厚的低密度聚乙烯材料来作为第二层的效果很好。现已发现,聚乙烯膜(比如Ethyl公司在Visqueen的分公司出售的XP-39385型产品)特别适合用作这种第二层。也可以用疏水性能比上片28高的一种松软的有布面感的材料来制备下片30。现已发现聚酯或聚烯烃纤维下片30的效果很好。1984年10月9日授予Wnuk的US4476180中所述的一种膜与一种聚酯非织造材料所组成的叠层是一种特别优选的松软、有布面感的下片30的材料。
在其它的实施例中,下片30是可以伸长的。在有关毛细管通道纤维专利申请中较详细地介绍了、威斯康星州Wauwatosa的Findley粘合剂公司所生产的一种牌号为#198-338的粘性伸长膜是一种特别优选的可延伸下片30。
如图1和2中所示,最好把上片28沿着卫生巾20的周边26周围的一个接缝64同下片30固定到一起。可以用本领域中为此目的而常用的任何方法(比如胶结、曲贴或熔合)来形成接缝64。这是一个易于制造的优选的实施例。也可以采用其它利用各种元件的方法。比如,其它可能的实施例中包括把吸收芯32放在下片30上之前用上片28把吸收芯32完全包起来这样一个技术方案。卫生巾20还可包括一个牢固程度足以使其单独保持其完整形状的吸收芯,该吸收芯的一个表面已经处理,以使其成为不透液体的表面,而另一表面则能透过液体。
图1和2还示出了多个扣件(比如粘性固定件38),可用它们来把卫生巾20固定到内裤的叉区。US4917697中较详细地叙述了适用的粘性扣件。本发明所用的扣件不限于粘性接合装置。本领域中所用的任何类型的扣件都可以在此采用。比如,可以采用1990年8月7日授予Battrell的名称为“压敏粘性扣件及其制造方法”的美国专利4946527中所述的扣件把卫生巾20固定到穿用者的内衣上。
用标号为40的多个可揭去的防粘衬垫盖住粘性固定件38。应用防粘衬垫40盖住压敏粘合剂以避免粘合剂在使用前粘住无关的表面。US4917697中介绍了适用的防粘衬垫。1985年12月3日授予Swanson等人的US4556146中叙述了一种适用的,既可作为卫生巾的包装又可件为卫生巾上粘合剂的覆盖面的外封套。
3、可供选择的实施例
类似上述的实施例还可能有多种可供选择的实施例,下面描述这总数未限定的可供选择的实施例。
图14示出了一个可供选择的实施例,其中收集层34在熔合的上片28之前经过了伸展操作。上片28和收集层34构成了一个叠层,当使伸展后的叠层变松弛时,在叠层中的结合区域44和结合点的谷区域68之间形成了簇状区66。
图14中所示的实施例有一个很关键的优点。即,它(该实施例的各种可供选择的变型)允许用原来认为不可伸展的材料制成可伸展的叠层。比如通常认为多孔塑料薄膜上片28是不可伸展的,但是,可把上片28固定到一个例如先经过拉伸、后接合的收集层34的层状物上。在其后,当这两个部件变松弛时,上片28就具有了一定程度的可伸展性。
上述叠层中的簇状区域66还能带来另外一些益处。这些簇状区域66通常是柔软的。它们还将使收集层34的吸收纤维比非簇状接合区域更贴近使用者的身体,虽然不指望任何理论的解释,但是,据信这种结构可以促进吸收(特别是在簇状区域66处的吸收)。促进了液体沿Z方向(即进入卫生巾20所在平面的方向)的吸收和流体在x-y平面(即卫生巾20的平面)中的虹吸作用。这可能是由几方因素决定的。
据信Z方向吸收能力的提高是由于收集层34的伸展。根据在x-y平面的测量值由熔喷或射流喷网纤维制成的收集层34在x-y平面中的伸展加大了x-y平面中纤维之间的间隙。当撤去伸展力时,纤维之间的摩擦力使这类纤维很难返回到它们原来的位置上。于是,使纤维间的间隙增加,并能长久保存下去,从而使收集层34在Z方向更易于透过液体。
据信液体在x-y平面中的虹吸作用是由于簇状区域之间形成的谷68所提供的。在一些实施例中,希望谷68沿纵向走向使液体朝卫生巾20的端部虹吸。在其它实施例中,使谷68沿横向走向是理想的,从而使叠层可沿纵向伸长。
在其它一些可供选择的实施例中,可以使上片28和收集层34在按上述的方法彼此熔合为一体之前都进行伸长。
在另一个可供选择的实施例中,可以把熔合结合作为在薄膜上片28中形成孔隙29的主要手段或辅助手段。在接合之前的上片28可以是无孔的薄膜或者是孔的数量比最终产品所要求的孔的数量少的薄膜。可以用图8A中所示的装置74来加工出这些孔隙29。在第一种情况下,利用熔合在上片28中加工出所需的全部的孔隙29。在第二种情况下,利用熔合可以加工出为数相当多的、作为上片28上原有孔隙的补充的孔隙,从而使孔隙的总数达到所期望的数量。
在图17中所示的另一个可供选择的实施例中,利用熔合可以形成类型不同的结合结构。
图17中示出了一个实施例,在该例中将上片28的一部分加热到变柔软和卷曲的状态。为了形成结合区域44,要在上片28中的加热区域上施加一个相当高的压力。不能把上片28加热到能使这些结合区域44在加工过程中发生熔融的程度,以免上片28的材料熔流在一起而完全封住结合区域中的那些孔隙29。因此,利用结合形成了由上面原有的孔隙29而提供的排泄通道的结合区域44,不过,加热确实使结合区域44中的三维薄膜塌陷成了基本上是一个二维结构。加热还可能使薄膜上片28中的孔隙29的形状变得不规则。
图17中的结合点44是使易弯的上片28的材料同非织造纤维42加压接触而形成的。这就使上片28的材料能适合于纤维42的缠结。如图17所示,这样可使一些纤维42伸进孔隙29或者从某一个孔隙29中伸出。
可以用于图17所示实施例中的一种特别优选的上片28的材料是可热封的薄膜。可热封薄膜可以在较低的温度和压力下形成上述结合点44。可以购买到的可热封薄膜是由两层或二侧构成的,其中一侧是可热封的,而另一侧是不可热封的。把这种薄膜的可热封侧靠近非织造材料层放置然后进行结合是有利的。适合的可热封薄膜可以从市场上买到。
图17中所示的实施例是另一种结构的一个例子,这结构即使用在两个结合层之间可能形成具有熔合区域的浅结合的情况下,也不会干扰液体流动。
至此,本发明已经描述了几个优选的卫生巾的实施例,许多文献中也公开了可以买到的许多其它类型的卫生巾。这些卫生巾中也可以具有本发明的熔合层。这些卫生巾包括了下列文献中所公开的卫生巾,它们是:1981年8月25日授予Mcnair的US4285343;分别于1986年5月20日和1987年8月18日授予Van Tilurg的US4589876和US4687478;分别于1990年4月17日和1991年4月16日授予Osborn等人的US4917697和US5007906;分别于1990年8月21日和1991年4月23日授予Osborn的US4950264和US5009653以及于1990年10月29日由Visscher等人提交的美国专利申请号07/605583。
“内裤衬里”一词指那些尺寸没有妇女经期所用的普通卫生巾肥大的吸收用品。适合于采用本发明在此所描述的层状结构的内裤衬里形状的吸收用品在1988年4月19日授予Osborn的题为“内裤衬里”的US4738676中已有所披露。
“失禁用品”一词系指一些垫子、内衣(由同类系统装置如带子或类似物保持在适当位置上的垫)、用于吸收用品的插入件、用于增加吸收用品的吸收容量的物件、短裤、床垫之类的用品,而不管穿用者是成年人还是其他失禁的人。下列文献中公开了可带有此处所述的熔合层的适用的失禁用品,它们是:1981年3月3日授予Strickland等人的US4253461;授予Buell的US4597760和US4597761;上面提到的US4704115;授予Ahr等人的US4909802;1990年10月23日授予Gipson等人的US4964860;以及分别由Noel等人和Feist等人于1991年1月3日提交的美国专利申请号07/637090和07/637571。
“尿布”一词通常指婴儿和失禁者所穿的、保持在使用者两腿之间并且绕着使用者腰部而固定的一种内衣。下列专利中公开了适用的吸收用品(其中至少有一些是可以带有熔合层的尿布型产品),它们是:1967年1月31日授予Duncan等人的美国后续批准的US Re.26152;1975年1月14日授予Buell的US3860003;1986年9月9日授予Weisman等人的US4610678;1987年6月16日授予Weisman等人的US4673402;1987年9月22日授予Lawson的US4695278;1987年11月3日授予Buell的US4704115;1987年5月30日授予Alemany等人的US4834735;1989年12月19日授予Angstadt的US4888231;以及1990年3月20日授予Aziz等人的US4909803。
本申请的整个说明书中所提到的所有专利、专利申请(和其任何待授权的专利申请以及任何相关的已公开的外国专利申请)以及出版物的公开内容都作为参考文件而引证了。不过,需要指出的是,不能认为此处为参考起见而引用的任何文献教导了或公开了本发明的方案;同样需要特别指出的是,不能认为此处所述的任何市售材料或产品教导或公开了本发明的方案。
因此,本发明提供了各层之间(特别是最上面的几个液体透过层之间)有结合手段的吸收用品,从而使本发明的吸收用品即使在长期使用的情况下仍能保证持续的结合状态。
4、试验方法
结合强度180°撕裂试验
下述的180°撕裂试验是为了确保熔合层之间的结合强度大到足以使上片28不会同下面层分离而安排的。
180°撕裂试验主要包括把熔合层固定在拉伸试验机中,然后对其施加使这些层分开的拉力。试验之所以叫“180°撕裂”试验是由所施加的撕裂力的方向的缘故。将样品撕断一部分并进行排列,使样品的未撕断部分与待撕断的各层所构成的图形象两个背靠背放置的大写字母“L”。然后把撕裂力沿相反的方向加在部分撕开的部件上。
原理
拉伸试验机是一种以下述方式工作的装置:将逐渐增大的拉伸力平衡地加在一给定的样品上。使层间拉开,直到样品的一个部件破坏(断裂)或者各部件相互分离。
范围
此步骤适用于层状材料。
装置
控制调节室内的工作条件:将温度控到在73±2°F,相对温度50±2%。
炉子:Cole-Parmer国际公司(Cole-Parmer Internationa,地址在7525 North Oak Park Avenue,Chicago,Illinois60648)生产的N-05015-10型Cole Parmer炉或与之相当的炉子。
支承台:一个带有1吋宽弹性夹头的铝支承台。
J.D.C.切割器:Thwing-Albert仪器公司(Thwing-Albert Instruments Co.,地址在10960 Dulton Rd.,Philadelphia,Pa.,19154)生产的带有安全罩的1吋(25.4mm)宽的双边缘切割器,或与之等效的切割器。
电子拉伸试验机:配有纸带记录仪的通用型恒速伸长式拉伸试验机,试验机的满刻度为1000g,如果需要,也可买其它刻度范围的试验机。可以采用马萨诸塞州Canton的Instron工程公司(Instron Engineering Corp.)生产的Instron 1122或4201型试验机或Twing-Albert仪器公司(Thwing-Albert Instruments Co.,地址在10960 Dulton Rd.,philadelphia,Pa.,19154)生产的Thwing-Albert Intellect 500或Ⅱ型试验机或与之等效的试验机。
夹头钳口:轻负载,带有两个靠线接触的表面(条状线)。可由上面所列的有关仪器制造商处得到。
样品的制备
应根据制备样品的说明书制备样品。调整样品,把它放入温度为73±2°F、相对湿度为50±2%的调节室中至少2小时。在每个样品的一个角上做上鉴别标记。应注意不要把笔迹划在待测区域中。
沿机器方向(MD)进行试验的样品
用一个J.D.C.切割器切出4个沿垂直于机器的方向(CD)为1吋(25.4mm),沿机器方向(MD)约6吋(152.4mm)的长条。
沿垂直于机器的方向(CD)上进行试验的样品
用一个J.D.C.切割器切出4个沿机器方向(MD)为1吋(25.4mm)、沿垂直于机器的方向(CD)约6吋(152.4mm)的长条。
仪器的准备
按照厂家说明书,对拉伸试验机进行校准和调零。选择一个负荷测力计,使待测条状物的拉伸力数值在负荷测力计承载能力或所采用的负荷量程的25%和75%之间。开始时把此量程设定为500g满刻度。
把标距长度设定为1吋。
把仪器十字头的移动速度设定为22吋/分(±2吋/分)。
把记录纸速度设定为5吋/分。
设定拉伸试验机,使十字头的移动距离为10.4吋。这将能使拉伸试验机在把样品撕裂达7.3吋最大长度的过程中监测所产生的力的大小。
把仪器调到零位,使记录笔停在记录纸的垂直零线(距离轴)位置上。旋转记录纸筒,以使笔仍能位于记录纸筒的粗横线(测力轴)上。在记录纸上标上样品号、试验方向(MD或CD)、进行试验的日期、满刻度负荷值、送纸速度、十字头速度、标矩长度和试验名称(结合强度)。
试验步骤
用手从样品条的一端将样品撕开约1.5吋。把约0.5吋的一层样品放入拉伸试验机的上夹头钳口中夹紧上夹头。把其余层放入拉伸试验机的下夹头钳口中,拉力应大到足以绷紧所有松弛的部分,但又不足以使记录笔从零刻度移开。夹紧此夹头钳口。
按厂家说明书中的说明同时启动拉伸试验机和记录仪。
当样品部件拉开或者其中一个部件拉断(即断裂)以后,使记录纸停止走纸并使拉伸试验机返回到原来的启动位置上。从钳口上取下样品并且调整供下一个样品记录用的记录纸。
对其余的每个样品条,重复上述步骤。
计算/记录
分析过程中最普遍关心的拉开或断裂时的负荷值(所施加力的克数)。
A、拉开时的结合强度
对于那些不能记录和显示样品拉开时的平均力的仪器,可以用直尺作为一个直边,用物理学的方法测定记录曲线上显示出的拉开时的平均力,取最为接近的克数。对于那些能够记下和显示力的仪器,根据数字显示,读出拉开的平均力取最接近的克数。
B、断裂时的结合强度
对于那些不能记录和显示样品断裂时的峰值力的仪器,可以用物理学方法测定曲线上显示出的断裂时的峰值力,取最接近的克数。对于那些能够记录和显示力的仪器,根据数字显示读出断裂时的峰值力,取最接近的克数。
对样品的1)拉开的平均力克数和/或2)断裂的峰值力的平均克数的4个读数取平均,并显示出这些读数。用拉开时的结合强度来确定上述的平均撕裂强度。
虽然本发明对具体实施例进行了描述,但是应该指出,对于本领域普通技术人员来说可以在不违背本发明的精神并且不超出本发明范围的前提下对其作出各种其它的改型和改进。
Claims (10)
1、一种吸收用品,包括:一个能透过流体的多孔热塑薄膜上片、一个不透液体的下片和一个下层,所述的不透液体的下片有一个面向内衣的一侧并同所述上片相结合,所述的下层位于上片和下片之间并具有一定的厚度,它以能透过液体为可取,最好还具有吸收性;该吸收用品的特征在于,所述的上片在若干个分开的结合区域上熔合到所述的下层上,所述的结合区域穿透了上片且至少深入到所述的下层的一部分中,但不穿透所述下片面向内衣侧,并且至少为所述的部分结合区域提供了使液体通过所述下层的排泄通道结构。
2、如权利要求1所述的吸收用品,其特征在于,所述的下层包括从下述部件组成的部件组中选出的一个部件,这些组成部件是:一个吸收芯,一个纤维收集层,一个由最上面的纤维收集层组成的吸收芯,其中所述的收集层至少由一些合成纤维构成,或者由上述的那个部件组中的一个部件构成,其中所述的部件至少由一些合成纤维构成。
3、如权利要求2所述的吸收用品,该吸收用品有一纵向中心线,其中所述的下面层包括一收集层,所述的吸收用品至少还具有下列特征之一:
所述收集层中大部分纤维基本上都朝向同一个方向,如朝纵向中心线所确定的方向;
所述的收集层包括一层射流喷网非织造纤维;以及
所述的收集层至少由一些上面涂有一层永久可润湿的表面涂料的纤维组成。
4、如权利要求1所述的吸收用品,该吸收用品有一纵向中心线,沿着所述的纵向中心线并以该线为中心配置一纵向中心区,和位于所述的纵向中心区两侧之外的纵向侧区,其中所述的结合区域呈一圆形的平面图形,并且所述的结合区域的尺寸有一些较大,有一些较小,其中大结合区域位于所述的纵向中心区中,而较小结合区域位于所述的纵向侧区中。
5、如权利要求1所述的吸收用品,其中所述的上片有一个第一熔融温度,而所述的下层包括一层由许多纤维组成的网状物,该纤维具有一个高于所述第一熔融温度的第二熔融温度,所述的上片在多个分立的结合区域处熔合到所述的下层上,上述熔合发生在低于第二熔融温度的温度上,从而使所述的纤维保持其原来的状态,所述的熔融过程形成了很多孔,所述的孔延伸穿过上片并且至少深入到所述的下面层中的部分厚度中。
6、如权利要求5所述的吸收用品,其中所述的下层有一个面向身体的一侧和一个面向内衣的一侧,所述的结合区域包括一个位于所述下层面向身体一侧和面向内衣一侧之间的底,和由一个上部分和一个下部分构成的侧壁,在至少一个侧壁或底中具有进入到所述的下面层中的排泄通道。
7、一种吸收用品,包括一个能透过液体的上片、一个与所述上片相接的不透液体的下片、一个位于所述上片和所述下片之间的吸收芯,该吸收用品的特征在于所述的吸收芯包括一种纤维的均匀混合体,该混合体包括第一组短的、低旦尼尔数的、亲水的纤维和第二组较长的、较高旦尼尔数的合成纤维,所述的第一组纤维选自包括天然纤维、合成纤维或交联纤维素纤维的一组纤维,所述的第二组纤维构成吸收芯重量的5%至20%,所述吸收芯的密度至少为0.09g/cm3。
8、一种用于吸收用品的能透过液体的上片,该上片选自由下列多孔膜所组成的一组多孔膜:
一种具有一个底面和非弹性的、亲水的非织造纤维的多孔薄膜,所述的纤维通过机械缠结方法而附着在所述多孔膜的底面上;
一种具有一个底面和非弹性的、亲水的非织造纤维的多孔膜,所述的纤维包括熔融到膜的底面上的合成聚合物热塑材料;或者
一种具有一个底面和一个非织造纤维层的多孔膜,所述非织造纤维层是当至少一个所述膜或所述纤维层处于收缩状态时在各个分立的结合点处被熔合到所述多孔膜上,从而构成一个可弹性延伸的叠层。
9、如权利要求1所述的吸收用品,其中所述的上片具有一个面向身体侧和一个面向芯侧,该上片包含构成所述上片中至少部分面向身体一侧的一种非织造材料以及构成所述上片中至少部分面向芯侧的一种多孔塑料膜,其中所述的膜经一种表面活性剂处理,以提高上片的总体透过性。
10、一种把吸收用品的两个能透过液体的部件面对面地结合到一起的方法,其中所述部件之一包括一种可用作吸收用品上片的三维多孔热塑膜,所述方法的特征在于包括下列步骤:
(a)提供一个包括了一个三维多孔热塑膜上片的第一液体透过部件,所述的上片由一种具有第一熔融温度的第一材料构成,所述的第一部件有一个第一表面和第二表面;
(b)提供一个由一种纤维状第二材料构成的第二透液体的部件,所述的第二材料具有比第一熔融温度高的第二熔融温度,所述的第二部件有一个第一表面和一个第二表面;
(c)将所述上片与所述第二部件面对面地放置在一起,以使上片的第二表面同第二部件的第一表面相邻近;以及
(d)在多个分立的点处把所述的上片熔合到所述的第二部件上,熔合时采用的温度应使上片的一些部分变得松软和柔顺,并且熔合时采用的压力应使得:(ⅰ)所述三维上片的所述部分发生塌陷并且结合到纤维状第二材料的一些纤维上;(ⅱ)所述上片中至少一些孔至少部分地保持在通孔的状态;(ⅲ)所述的纤维状第二材料保持在未熔融状态。
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- 1992-11-06 JP JP51090393A patent/JP3532195B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-06 KR KR1019997012276A patent/KR100262840B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-06 AU AU31325/93A patent/AU677000B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-11-06 AT AT92925155T patent/ATE150636T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-06 CA CA002124798A patent/CA2124798C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-06 KR KR1019940702066A patent/KR100263225B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-06 SG SG1996003681A patent/SG55052A1/en unknown
- 1992-11-06 ES ES92925155T patent/ES2099292T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-06 BR BR9206924A patent/BR9206924A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-06 WO PCT/US1992/009716 patent/WO1993011725A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-11-06 DE DE69218623T patent/DE69218623T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-06 KR KR1019997012274A patent/KR100262839B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-06 DK DK92925155.1T patent/DK0617602T3/da active
- 1992-11-06 CZ CZ941424A patent/CZ283960B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-06 EP EP92925155A patent/EP0617602B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1992-11-06 HU HU9401797A patent/HU217332B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-10 NZ NZ245065A patent/NZ245065A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-11 MX MX9206492A patent/MX9206492A/es unknown
- 1992-11-11 CN CN92114648A patent/CN1123326C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-02-06 AU AU12552/97A patent/AU709761B2/en not_active Expired
- 1997-03-27 GR GR970400560T patent/GR3022956T3/el unknown
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1998
- 1998-06-19 HK HK98105788A patent/HK1006532A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (10)
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CN100444817C (zh) * | 2001-09-11 | 2008-12-24 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | 吸收用品 |
CN106456416A (zh) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-02-22 | 宝洁公司 | 具有整合采集层的用于一次性吸收制品的吸收元件 |
CN106456416B (zh) * | 2014-06-03 | 2020-01-21 | 宝洁公司 | 具有整合采集层的用于一次性吸收制品的吸收元件 |
CN106232888A (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-12-14 | 花王株式会社 | 无纺布 |
CN110381902A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-25 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 具有流出物管理层的吸收制品 |
US11523946B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2022-12-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with an exudate management layer |
US11596561B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-03-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with an exudate management layer |
US11771605B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-10-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with an exudate management layer |
US11969322B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2024-04-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with an exudate management layer |
CN109091304A (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 川田卫生用品(浙江)有限公司 | 强吸血性卫生巾 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2124798C (en) | 1999-01-19 |
EP0617602A1 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
NZ245065A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
CN1123326C (zh) | 2003-10-08 |
AU3132593A (en) | 1993-07-19 |
HUT70105A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
WO1993011725A1 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
SG55052A1 (en) | 1998-12-21 |
HU217332B (hu) | 1999-12-28 |
ES2099292T3 (es) | 1997-05-16 |
EP0617602B1 (en) | 1997-03-26 |
KR100263225B1 (ko) | 2000-09-01 |
KR100262839B1 (ko) | 2000-07-15 |
AU1255297A (en) | 1997-05-29 |
ATE150636T1 (de) | 1997-04-15 |
CZ142494A3 (en) | 1994-11-16 |
AU677000B2 (en) | 1997-04-10 |
BR9206924A (pt) | 1995-11-14 |
GR3022956T3 (en) | 1997-06-30 |
MX9206492A (es) | 1994-08-31 |
CA2124798A1 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
HU9401797D0 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
DE69218623D1 (de) | 1997-04-30 |
AU709761B2 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
HK1006532A1 (en) | 1999-03-05 |
DK0617602T3 (da) | 1997-04-21 |
CZ283960B6 (cs) | 1998-07-15 |
DE69218623T2 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
KR100262840B1 (ko) | 2000-07-15 |
JPH08504607A (ja) | 1996-05-21 |
JP3532195B2 (ja) | 2004-05-31 |
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