CN107915799B - 一种高效热膨胀微球及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高效热膨胀微球及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107915799B
CN107915799B CN201710996086.1A CN201710996086A CN107915799B CN 107915799 B CN107915799 B CN 107915799B CN 201710996086 A CN201710996086 A CN 201710996086A CN 107915799 B CN107915799 B CN 107915799B
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陈晨特
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高效热膨胀微球及其制备方法,采用氧化还原引发体系引发、在较低温度下悬浮聚合法聚合而成的,以有机硅改性聚丙烯酸树脂为壳、发泡剂为核的热膨胀微球。本发明具有以下优点或益处:(1)引发温度更低,发泡剂利用率更高;(2)采用有机硅单体改性聚丙烯酸树脂作为所述的热膨胀微球壳结构,其耐老化、抗紫外线性能得到改善;(3)通过自乳化单体乳化,采用悬浮乳液聚合法合成,能得到粒径分布更加均匀的热膨胀微球,且热膨胀微球表面光滑、核‑壳结构完善;(4)本发明所述微球具有较长的温程、较大的微球发泡粒径。

Description

一种高效热膨胀微球及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效热膨胀微球及其制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
技术背景
热膨胀微球是微胶囊的一种,是指由聚合物外壳包裹发泡剂内核形成的具有核壳结构的颗粒。微球受热至聚合物软化点时,内部发泡剂产生的蒸汽压使微球膨胀,冷却后,微球会保持发泡状态。由于其质轻及均一发泡的特性,膨胀后的微球在隔热、隔声、减重、减震等方面具有广泛应用,因而热膨胀微球也受到广泛的研究。目前热膨胀微球的制备方法主要有两种,一是先通过悬浮等聚合方法制得聚合物微球,然后再浸渍发泡剂;二是通过发泡剂存在下的悬浮或细乳液等聚合方法直接制得包覆发泡剂的聚合物微球。丙烯酸酯、丙烯腈等是制备热膨胀聚合物微球的常用单体。
纪立军通过在丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯聚合体系中添加乙酸乙烯酯为第三单体,以正己烷为发泡剂,在常压下采用悬浮聚合制备了低温热膨胀微球,结果表明,合成的热膨胀微球具有良好低温发泡性能,丙烯腈添加份数增到7时微球发泡Dmax可达1661μm,但份数增至8时微球粒径过大、聚合物外壳分相加剧反而对微球发泡不利,该报道的膨胀微球存在微球干瘪情况和最优微球发泡难以控制等缺点。
中国专利CN201710252517.3公开了γ射线辐照工艺提高收率的热膨胀微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:水相制备、油相制备、悬浮聚合及提高收率;该发明提供的技术方案实现了在低温条件下快熟减少残留单体,其生产工序简单,消耗低,处理时间短,污染小,能显著提高膨胀微球的收率。但该法存在需要特殊的60Cγ射线辐射、微球发泡膨胀小的缺点,限制了该发明的广泛应用。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明的目的旨在提供一种高效热膨胀微球。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述高效热膨胀微球制备方法。
本发明所述的高效热膨胀微球,采用氧化还原引发体系引发、在较低温度下悬浮聚合法聚合而成的,以有机硅改性聚丙烯酸树脂为壳、发泡剂为核的热膨胀微球。
所述的高效热膨胀微球,制备方法如下:
将丙烯酸类主单体、有机硅单体、交联单体、发泡剂、氧化剂充分混合均匀,制得油性液I;将自乳化单体、助乳化剂、还原剂、稳定剂、水加入到反应器中,高速乳化均匀,然后加入油性液I,充分搅拌均匀后,加热至35~50℃反应12~24h,降温后出料,分离微球并用乙醇洗涤,然后40~50℃干燥后得所述的高效热膨胀微球;
所述的丙烯酸类主单体为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯中的至少一种;
所述的有机硅单体为含有乙烯基的有机硅单体,为KH570、乙烯基硅油中的至少一种;所述的交联单体为乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,5-戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,5-戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;
所述的发泡剂为正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷、环己烷、环戊烷、石油醚中的至少一种;
所述的氧化剂为过氧化苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈、叔丁基过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢;所述的还原剂为巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、三乙胺、N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺、DMP30、环烷酸钴中的至少一种;
所述的自乳化单体为2-丙烯酰胺-2,2-二甲基乙磺酸钠、烯丙基聚乙二醇、烯丙基磺基烷氧基琥珀酸双酯钠盐、聚氧化乙烯壬酚醚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;
所述的助乳化剂为正丁醇、乙二醇、乙醇、丙二醇、甘油中的至少一种;所述的稳定剂为硫酸钙、氢氧化钙、硝酸镁、氯化钙、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、硫酸镁、硝酸镁中的至少一种;
所述的各物质的质量份数范围如下表:
Figure GDA0002528354640000031
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点或益处:(1)采用氧化还原引发体系制备热膨胀微球,引发温度更低,发泡剂利用率更高(挥发更少);(2)采用有机硅单体改性聚丙烯酸树脂作为所述的热膨胀微球壳结构,其耐老化、抗紫外线性能得到改善;(3)通过自乳化单体乳化,采用悬浮乳液聚合法合成,能得到粒径分布更加均匀的热膨胀微球,热膨胀微球表面光滑且核-壳结构完善;(4)本发明所述微球具有较长的温程、较大的微球发泡粒径。
具体实施方式
实施例1
所述的高效热膨胀微球,制备方法如下:
将20份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20份甲基丙烯酸乙酯、6份KH570、4份1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份正戊烷、0.6份偶氮二异丁腈充分混合均匀,制得油性液I;将3份烯丙基聚乙二醇、1份甘油、1.0份巯基乙酸、8份硫酸钙、320份水加入到反应器中,高速乳化均匀,然后加入油性液I,充分搅拌均匀后,加热至35℃反应24h,降温后出料,分离微球并用乙醇洗涤,然后45℃干燥后得所述的高效热膨胀微球。
实施例2
所述的高效热膨胀微球,制备方法如下:
将20份丙烯酸甲酯、20份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、5份丙烯酸乙酯、5份乙烯基硅油(数均分子量200)、1份1,5-戊二醇二丙烯酸甲酯、2份1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸甲酯、6份新戊烷、1.0份叔丁基过氧化氢充分混合均匀,制得油性液I;将1份烯丙基-2-丙基乙磺酸钠、2份乙二醇、0.9份巯基丙酸、6份硫酸镁、4份氢氧化钠、300份水加入到反应器中,高速乳化均匀,然后加入油性液I,充分搅拌均匀后,加热至50℃反应12h,降温后出料,分离微球并用乙醇洗涤,然后50℃干燥后得所述的高效热膨胀微球。
实施例3
所述的高效热膨胀微球,制备方法如下:
将15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、35份丙烯酸乙酯、12份KH570、1份1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸甲酯发泡剂、12份异戊烷、0.4份异丙苯过氧化氢充分混合均匀,制得油性液I;将2.5份乙烯基-2-丙基乙磺酸钠、5份正丁醇、0.4份N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺、9份氢氧化钙、400份水加入到反应器中,高速乳化均匀,然后加入油性液I,充分搅拌均匀后,加热至45℃反应16h,降温后出料,分离微球并用乙醇洗涤,然后40℃干燥后得所述的高效热膨胀微球。
保持各反应物加入量、反应时间条件与实施例1相同,不添加还原剂、助乳化剂,反应温度65℃、采用悬浮乳液聚合法制得的膨胀微球作为对比例进行对比测试。
粒径测试:取实施例、对比例中热膨胀微球分散于水中配成5%分散液,然后采用激光粒径分析仪分析中值粒径如下表,由下表可以看出本发明的膨胀微球粒径更加均匀。
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例
d<sub>10</sub> 5.25μm 4.40μm 4.54μm 6.31μm
中值粒径(d<sub>50</sub>) 10.37μm 10.05μm 9.62μm 19.24
d<sub>90</sub> 14.23μm 14.54μm 13.39μm 28.77μm
发泡新能测试:取实施例、对比例膨胀微球于载玻片上,放在恒温控制仪热台上加热,然后调节显微镜镜目观察载玻片上膨胀微球的发泡过程,拍摄不同阶段的发泡图像,记录下开始发泡温度(Tb)、集中发泡温度(Tc)、收缩温度(Ts)、微球发泡最大粒径如下表:
Tb/℃ Tc/℃ Ts/℃ 稳泡温程/℃ 微球发泡最大粒径d<sub>max</sub>
实施例1 118 165 176 58 624μm
实施例2 124 168 178 54 601μm
实施例3 127 169 180 53 473μm
对比例 135 148 162 27 285μm

Claims (1)

1.一种高效热膨胀微球,其特征在于:所述的高效热膨胀微球是采用氧化还原引发体系引发、在低温下采用悬浮聚合法聚合而成的,以有机硅改性聚丙烯酸树脂为壳、发泡剂为核的热膨胀微球;
所述高效热膨胀微球的制备方法,步骤如下:
将丙烯酸类主单体、有机硅单体、交联单体、发泡剂、氧化剂充分混合均匀,制得油性液I;将自乳化单体、助乳化剂、还原剂、稳定剂、水加入到反应器中,高速乳化均匀,然后加入油性液I,充分搅拌均匀后,加热至35~50℃反应12~24h,降温后出料,分离微球并用乙醇洗涤,然后40~50℃干燥后所述的高效热膨胀微球;
所述的丙烯酸类主单体为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯中的至少一种;
所述的有机硅单体为含有乙烯基的有机硅单体,为KH570、乙烯基硅油中的至少一种;所述的交联单体为乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,5-戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,5-戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;
所述的发泡剂为正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷、环己烷、环戊烷、石油醚中的至少一种;
所述的氧化剂为过氧化苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈、叔丁基过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢;所述的还原剂为巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、三乙胺、N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺、DMP30、环烷酸钴中的至少一种;
所述的自乳化单体为2-丙烯酰胺-2,2-二甲基乙磺酸钠、烯丙基聚乙二醇、烯丙基磺基烷氧基琥珀酸双酯钠盐、聚氧化乙烯壬酚醚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;所述的助乳化剂为正丁醇、乙二醇、乙醇、丙二醇、甘油中的至少一种;所述的稳定剂为硫酸钙、氢氧化钙、硝酸镁、氯化钙、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、硫酸镁、硝酸镁中的至少一种;
所述的各物质的质量份数范围如下:
丙烯酸类主单体:40~50;
有机硅单体:5~12;
交联单体:1~4;
发泡剂:6~12;
自乳化单体:1~3
氧化剂:0.4~1
助乳化剂:1~5
还原剂:0.4~1
稳定剂:8~10
水:300~400。
CN201710996086.1A 2017-10-23 2017-10-23 一种高效热膨胀微球及其制备方法 Active CN107915799B (zh)

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