CN107873370B - Mangrove plant north-shift domestication method - Google Patents
Mangrove plant north-shift domestication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107873370B CN107873370B CN201711218971.3A CN201711218971A CN107873370B CN 107873370 B CN107873370 B CN 107873370B CN 201711218971 A CN201711218971 A CN 201711218971A CN 107873370 B CN107873370 B CN 107873370B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mangrove plant north-shift domestication method, which sequentially comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting well-developed mangrove plant embryonic axis, soaking the mangrove plant embryonic axis in local seawater, and transporting the mangrove plant embryonic axis to a planting field as soon as possible; secondly, transplanting the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant into a planting field; and finally, building a greenhouse in the planting field before winter, ensuring that the tidal water can normally rise and fall into the greenhouse, and performing high-low temperature alternative domestication cultivation on the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant inserted in the planting field. The method can domesticate the Kandelia candel seedlings under natural conditions, and continuously adjust the environmental temperature through the greenhouse in the winter seedling raising process, so that the Kandelia candel seedlings are protected from extreme weather, slowly adapt to cold weather and improve the adaptability to low temperature; domesticating the seedlings from the aspects of environmental temperature, seawater salinity, soil quality and the like, improving the survival rate of mangrove plants in high-latitude areas, and realizing the growth of mangrove forests in the high-latitude (28-31 degrees N) areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a domestication and cultivation technology of plants, in particular to a mangrove plant north-shift domestication method, which is particularly suitable for transplanting the mangrove plants growing in tropical zone and subtropical zone to the north, namely transplanting to the regions with higher latitudes, and also suitable for other mangrove plants, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Mangrove (Mangroves) are a population of woody plants naturally distributed in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coast. As mangrove plants are mostly thermophilic plants, low temperature is a main factor for limiting the spread of mangrove plant distribution areas, and has a large influence on seedlings at 1-2 ages, the lethal temperature of the mangrove plants is generally considered to be-3 ℃. The Kandelia candel is a mangrove plant which is naturally distributed most widely and has the highest distribution latitude in China, and is one of the most cold-resistant varieties in the mangrove plants in China. Kandelia candel is naturally distributed in south of Fujian tripod (27 degrees 20' N) in China, and the average temperature and water temperature in the coldest month are respectively 9.8 ℃ and 10.9 ℃; artificially introducing Zhejiang dimethy (28-degree 25' N) in north, wherein the average temperature and water temperature in the coldest month are respectively 9.3 ℃ and 10.6 ℃; the average and extremely low temperatures of the coldest month are the main limiting factors affecting their distribution.
The mangrove forest can promote the sedimentation process of the beach and has the function of land reclamation; the mangrove forest is used as a coast protection forest and can play a role of protecting dams; the pollution can be purified, and the river and the sea can be protected; in recent years, the coast of the mangrove forest has also been opened up as a peculiar scenic spot. The mangrove forest has practical value for the survival and development of human beings, and especially can bring obvious ecological benefit for the residents along the shore. Under the influence of global warming effect, mangrove forest distribution area is likely to expand to higher latitude area. Therefore, related technical means for introduction and domestication cultivation are urgently needed in coastal areas with higher latitudes.
The patent "a mangrove forest seedling cultivation system and method with mangrove forest distribution boundary north" (CN201710008227.4) discloses a mangrove forest seedling cultivation system and method with mangrove forest distribution boundary north, which guarantees the proper water temperature for mangrove forest seedling planting, and does not fundamentally improve the cold resistance of the seedlings.
The patent "method for improving cold resistance of Kandelia candel" (CN201511024503.3) discloses a method for improving cold resistance of Kandelia candel by artificial accurate stepwise cooling, so as to improve survival rate of Kandelia candel in low temperature environment, without considering influence of other factors and links of seedlings in planting and transplanting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mangrove plant north-shift domestication method, which domesticates seedlings from the aspects of environmental temperature, seawater salinity, soil quality and the like, so as to improve the survival rate of mangrove plants in high-latitude areas and realize the growth of mangrove forests in the high-latitude (28-31 degrees N) areas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mangrove plant north-shift domestication method sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting embryonic axis of well-developed mangrove plants, soaking the embryonic axis in seawater with salinity of 12-30 per thousand (such as 12.5 per thousand, 13 per thousand, 15 per thousand, 18 per thousand, 20 per thousand, 22 per thousand, 25 per thousand, 28 per thousand and 29 per thousand), and then transporting the embryonic axis to a planting site as soon as possible;
step two, inserting the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant into a planting field;
and step three, building a greenhouse in the planting field before winter, ensuring that the tidal water can normally rise and fall into the greenhouse, and performing high-low temperature alternative domestication cultivation on the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant inserted in the planting field.
As a preferred embodiment, in the first step, the hypocotyls of the mangrove plant are the first early-maturing hypocotyls, or eight-nine-maturing hypocotyls, so that the mangrove plant has strong cold resistance and adaptability; more preferably, the hypocotyl of the mangrove plant is from Fujian and the collection time is 4-5 months per year.
As a preferred embodiment, in the first step, the soaking time is 1-10 hours (e.g., 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, and 9 hours), and the soaking is performed to allow the hypocotyls to absorb water, increase the water content, and prevent water loss during transportation, and if the soaking time is too short, the hypocotyls cannot absorb water sufficiently, and if the soaking time is too long, the hypocotyls cannot rot, and the longest time cannot exceed 10 hours; more preferably, the soaking time is 60-120min (such as 65min, 70min, 80min, 90min, 100min, 110min, 115 min); further preferably, in order to prevent possible conditions of the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant such as inadaptation to salinity and the like, thereby affecting the quality of the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant, the soaking treatment is to soak the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant with seawater from a collecting place of the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in north, as a preferred embodiment, in the first step, the transportation days of the hypocotyls of the mangrove plants in the process of transporting from the collection land to the planting land are not more than 4 days; more preferably, during the transportation process, the seedling tops of the embryonic axes of the mangrove plants are upwards placed in the ventilating container, the straw is placed at the bottom layer, and good ventilation is ensured.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in north, as a preferred embodiment, in the second step, before the transplanting, the hypocotyls of the mangrove plants are sterilized and disinfected, so that the influence of bacteria on the hypocotyls can be prevented, and the survival rate can be improved; more preferably, the sterilization and disinfection treatment is to soak the mixture for 10 to 15 hours (such as 10.5 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours and 14.5 hours) by using 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent potassium permanganate solution.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in north, as a preferred embodiment, in step two, the transplanting manner is as follows: the hypocotyl of mangrove is planted in each hole, the planting depth is 6-10cm (such as 6.5cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 9.5cm) (1/3-2/3 of the length of the hypocotyl), and the plant spacing and row spacing are not less than 30 cm. More preferably, the inserting is performed after the hole is punched by a wooden stick with the diameter of 2-3 cm.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plant north, as a preferred embodiment, in the second step, the transplanting may be performed 1-2 days after the current strong tide and after the ebb tide in the cloudy day.
As a preferred embodiment, in the third step, the planting field adopts a mixture of soil and sand as an inserting culture medium, so that the air permeability can be enhanced, the roots are prevented from being anoxic and rotten, the soil hardness is improved, and the rooting is facilitated. More preferably, in the transplanting culture medium, the weight ratio of soil to sand is 10: 1-8: 1. The purpose of the sand is to enhance air permeability, but if the sand content is too high, the nutrient content in the soil may be affected; the soil is preferably sea mud of the planting field; the particle size of the sand is preferably 0.2 to 2mm (e.g., 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.8 mm).
As a preferred embodiment, the planting site is selected from a beach with a latitude of 28 ° N to 31 ° N, the beach can be an estuary beach or a seaside beach, and more preferably, the seawater salinity of the beach is 12 to 30% o (such as 12.5% o, 13% o, 15% o, 18% o, 20% o, 22% o, 25% o, 28% o, 29% o); furthermore, the seawater salinity of the tidal flat is 14-19 per thousand (such as 14.5 per thousand, 15 per thousand, 16 per thousand, 17 per thousand, 18 per thousand and 18.5 per thousand), which is more beneficial to the growth of the mangrove seedlings.
In the above method for domesticating mangrove plants in north, as a preferred embodiment, in step three, the alternating domestication and cultivation at high and low temperatures comprises:
a first stage domestication step, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is more than 9 ℃ and less than or equal to 10 ℃, rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to start low-temperature domestication, wherein in the low-temperature domestication process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is ensured to be higher than 6 ℃, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is below 6 ℃, closing the greenhouse, and when the outdoor minimum temperature T rises back to be higher than 6 ℃, rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to continue low-temperature domestication, wherein the total time of the low-temperature domestication is at least 5 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be above 15 ℃ (for example, 15 ℃, 16 ℃ and 17 ℃), wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 5 days;
a second stage domestication step, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is more than 5 ℃ and less than or equal to 6 ℃, rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to start low-temperature domestication, wherein in the low-temperature domestication process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is higher than 2 ℃, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is lower than 2 ℃, the greenhouse roller shutter is required to be closed, when the outdoor minimum temperature T rises back to be higher than 2 ℃, the greenhouse roller shutter is rolled up again to continue the low-temperature domestication, and the total time of the low-temperature domestication is at least 5 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be above 10 ℃ (for example, 12 ℃, 13 ℃ and 14 ℃), wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 5 days;
a third stage acclimatization step, namely rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to start low-temperature acclimatization when the outdoor minimum temperature T reaches more than 1 ℃ and less than or equal to 2 ℃, wherein in the low-temperature acclimatization process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is higher than 0 ℃, the greenhouse is required to be closed when the outdoor minimum temperature T is lower than 0 ℃, the greenhouse roller shutter is rolled up again to continue the low-temperature acclimatization when the outdoor minimum temperature T rises back to be higher than 0 ℃, and the total time of the low-temperature acclimatization is at least 3 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be more than 8 ℃ (for example, 9 ℃, 10 ℃ and 11 ℃), wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 3 days;
a fourth stage of domestication, wherein when the outdoor minimum temperature T is greater than-1 ℃ and less than or equal to 0 ℃, the greenhouse roller blind is rolled up to start low-temperature domestication, in the low-temperature domestication process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is guaranteed to be higher than-4 ℃, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is lower than-4 ℃, the greenhouse is required to be closed, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is raised back to be higher than-4 ℃, the greenhouse roller blind is rolled up to continue low-temperature domestication, and the total time of the low-temperature domestication is at least 2 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be higher than 6 ℃ (for example, 7 ℃, 8 ℃ and 9 ℃), wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 2 days; and finally, stabilizing the temperature in the greenhouse to be more than 6 ℃ until the greenhouse is opened in the spring of the next year to ensure that the mangrove plants grow normally under natural conditions. More preferably, the greenhouse is opened until the outdoor minimum temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in the spring of the next year, so that the mangrove plants can normally grow under the natural condition
The step of alternately domesticating and cultivating at high and low temperatures utilizes the natural climate conditions of a domesticated land, namely a planting land (about 28-31 degrees N in a high latitude area), manual intervention is carried out on the natural climate conditions, the domestication time is flexibly adjusted according to the climate conditions of the local winter, and the aims of domesticating introduced mangrove plant seedlings, improving the cold resistance of the seedlings, enabling the seedlings to adapt to the local climate and improving the survival rate of the seedlings can be basically realized.
In each step of domestication, if extreme weather occurs, namely the outdoor minimum temperature is lower than the minimum value specified in the step, closing the greenhouse, and restarting the corresponding domestication step after the outdoor minimum temperature is increased back to the required temperature; that is, after the extreme weather passes, the domestication of the corresponding steps is carried out, and the influence of the extreme weather is ignored, for example, if the extreme weather is encountered in the first domestication step, that is, the outdoor minimum temperature T of a certain day or a certain number of days is less than or equal to 6 ℃, the greenhouse is closed, the domestication process of the first step is started after the outdoor minimum temperature is increased to 6 ℃ less than or equal to 10 ℃, and the similar conditions are also treated in the domestication processes of the second step, the third step and the fourth step.
Multiple domestication experiments of an inventor prove that in the high-low temperature alternative domestication and cultivation process, the selection of the initial low-temperature domestication temperature of each step has great influence on the survival rate of the kandelia candel plants, meanwhile, the control of the heat preservation domestication temperature in each step also plays a crucial role in the cold tolerance domestication of the kandelia candel plants, the initial low-temperature domestication temperature of each step is preferably 10 ℃, 6 ℃, 2 ℃ and 0 ℃ in sequence, the cold tolerance or cold tolerance of the kandelia candel plants can be better improved by domesticating under the optimal gradient domestication condition of the invention, the weather that the lowest outdoor temperature reaches below-4 ℃ is rarely generated according to the local climate, and if the weather occurs, the protection measures mentioned above are adopted, namely, the greenhouse is closed, and the domestication process is started after the lowest outdoor temperature is raised to the required temperature.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for domesticating a mangrove plant in the north, in the third step, in the first stage domestication step, the total time for the low-temperature domestication is 12 to 18 days (for example, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, and 17 days), and the total time for the heat preservation domestication is 12 to 18 days (for example, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, and 17 days).
In a preferred embodiment of the method for domesticating a mangrove plant in the north, in the third step, in the second stage domestication step, the total time for the low-temperature domestication is 8 to 12 days (e.g., 8 days, 10 days, 11 days), and the total time for the heat preservation domestication is 8 to 12 days (e.g., 8 days, 10 days, 11 days).
In a preferred embodiment of the method for domesticating a mangrove plant in the north, in the third stage of domestication step, the total time for the low-temperature domestication is 8 to 12 days (e.g., 8 days, 10 days, 11 days), and the total time for the heat preservation domestication is 8 to 12 days (e.g., 8 days, 10 days, 11 days).
In a preferred embodiment of the method for domesticating a mangrove plant in the north, in the third step, in the fourth step, the total time for the low-temperature domestication is 3 to 8 days (e.g., 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days), and the total time for the heat preservation domestication is 3 to 8 days (e.g., 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days).
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in north, as a preferred embodiment, the step of alternately domesticating and cultivating mangrove plants at high and low temperatures is repeated in winter of the second year.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north, as a preferred implementation mode, holes can be regularly drilled on the surface of the mudflat, so that the oxygen content of the roots of the mangrove plants can be increased, and the respiration of the roots can be promoted.
In the method for domesticating the mangrove plant in the north, as a preferred embodiment, before the coming of winter, the winter protection solution is sprayed on the mangrove, so as to avoid or reduce the damage to the newly planted mangrove seedling caused by the low temperature in winter.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in north, as a preferred embodiment, the cold-proof protective solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-80 parts of micro-nano shell powder, 10-90 parts of sodium alginate, 1-15 parts of glucose and 3-25 parts of glycerol; more preferably, 20-50 parts by weight of micro-nano shell powder, 30-60 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 2-10 parts by weight of glucose and 5-20 parts by weight of glycerol; furthermore, the cold-proof protective liquid is sprayed when the minimum outdoor temperature is reduced to 10 ℃.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north, as a preferred embodiment, in the cold-proof protection solution, the particle size of the micro-nano shell powder is 0.1-100 μm, preferably 1-100 μm; the raw material of the micro-nano shell powder is selected from one or a mixture of mussel shell, oyster shell, pearl shell and scallop shell.
In the method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north, as a preferred embodiment, the greenhouse is a roller shutter greenhouse.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the mangrove plant north-shift domestication method provided by the invention, the kandelia candel seedlings are domesticated under a natural condition, and the environmental temperature is continuously adjusted through a greenhouse in the winter seedling raising process, so that the kandelia candel seedlings are protected from being affected by extreme weather, the kandelia candel is enabled to slowly adapt to cold weather, and the adaptability of the kandelia candel to low temperature is improved;
2) the mangrove plant north-shift domestication method provided by the invention domesticates seedlings from the aspects of environmental temperature, seawater salinity, soil property and the like, so that the survival rate of mangrove plants in high-latitude areas is improved, and the mangrove forest can grow in the high-latitude (28-31 degrees N) areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail by the following examples, and the scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following examples.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field.
Example 1
(1) Seed selection: the Kandelia candel seeds come from Fujian, the collection time is 4-5 months per year, the first early-maturing hypocotyls or eight-nine-maturing hypocotyls are collected, and the cold resistance and adaptability are strong. After seed picking, the seeds are soaked in local seawater for 1h and sent to a planting field as soon as possible (within 4 days). During the transportation process of the seedlings (namely the autumn eggplant hypocotyls), the seedlings are placed in the air-permeable bamboo basket with the tops upward, and the straws are placed at the bottom layer, so that the seedlings cannot be piled up and the ventilation is ensured.
(2) Inserting and planting: 1-2 days after the heavy tide in the same month, and selecting the cloudy day after the ebb tide for transplanting; before the embryonic axis is inserted, 0.1-0.2 wt% of potassium permanganate solution is used for soaking for 12 hours for sterilization. The specific inserting method comprises the following steps: drilling a hole on the mudflat by using a wood rod with the diameter of 2-3cm, and inserting the processed embryonic axis into the hole on the mudflat; one plant is planted in each hole, the planting depth is 6-10cm, the planting depth is 1/3-2/3 of the length of an embryonic axis, the planting distance is 0.3m x 0.3m, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are both 30 cm.
(3) Domestication: the domestication comprises the following three aspects:
a. soil domestication: the domesticated soil is a mixture of soil and sand (the ratio of the soil to the sand is 10:1), and the sand filling is mainly used for enhancing the air permeability and preventing the roots from being anoxic and rotten;
b. salinity domestication: the domestication place selects the tidal flat with lower salinity such as estuary and the like in the Zhoushan (29-30N), the seawater salt is about 14 per mill, so that the Kandelia candel slowly adapts to the local seawater salinity;
c. temperature domestication: building a roller shutter type greenhouse in a planting field (namely a mudflat for planting the embryonic axis of the autumn eggplant) before winter, ensuring that tidal water can normally rise and fall into the greenhouse, and carrying out high-low temperature alternative domestication cultivation on the embryonic axis of the autumn eggplant planted in the planting field; the specific steps of alternately domesticating and cultivating at high and low temperature are as follows:
the first step is as follows: when the lowest outdoor temperature reaches 10 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter, performing acclimation for 15 days, closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the greenhouse to above 15 ℃, and performing acclimation for 15 days;
the second step is that: rolling up the roller shutter when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 6 ℃, performing acclimation for 10 days, closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to be above 10 ℃, and performing acclimation for 10 days;
the third step: when the lowest outdoor temperature reaches 2 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter, performing acclimation for 10 days, closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to be above 8 ℃, and performing acclimation for 10 days;
the fourth step: when the lowest outdoor temperature reaches 0 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter, performing acclimation for 5 days, closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to be more than 6 ℃, and performing acclimation for 5 days;
and finally, stabilizing the temperature of the greenhouse to be more than 6 ℃ until the spring of the next year.
(4) The maintenance method comprises the following steps: the surface of the mudflat is perforated regularly, the oxygen content of the root of the Kandelia candel is increased, and the root respiration is promoted; before the lowest outdoor temperature is reduced to 10 ℃, spraying cold-proof protection liquid on the whole mangrove plant to carry out cold-proof protection treatment, so as to avoid or reduce the damage to the newly planted mangrove seedlings caused by low temperature in winter; the cold-proof protective solution comprises the following main components in parts by weight: sodium alginate: glucose: glycerin-40: 30: 3: 5 (namely 40 parts by weight of micro-nano shell powder, 30 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 3 parts by weight of glucose and 5 parts by weight of glycerol) according to a proportion, and stirring to form thick liquid; oyster shell is selected as shell, and average particle size of the shell powder is 1 μm.
There are studies showing that the average temperature and the extreme low temperature in the coldest month are the main reasons for influencing the mangrove plant distribution, so in order to prove the effect of domestication in the north, the control experiment is also carried out in addition to the experiment of the domestication group. The embryo axis transplanting time is 2016, 4 months, 15 days to 16 days, and the processing method of the embryo axis of the comparison group 1 comprises the following steps: the method for selecting seeds and transplanting plants refers to the step (1) and the step (2) in the embodiment, the soil composition is consistent with the salinity of seawater and the domesticated group, and the control group 1 does not establish a greenhouse and grows outdoors; method for treating hypocotyls of control group 2Comprises the following steps: the method for selecting and transplanting the seeds refers to the step (1) and the step (2) in the embodiment, the soil composition and the salinity of the seawater are consistent with those of the domesticated group, and the domestication method is the same as the step (3) in the embodiment, except that the cold-proof protective solution is not sprayed on the mangroves in the control group 2. Recording the height of the hypocotyl at 2016, 4 and 16 days (time A), recording the height of the seedling and the growth condition of the leaves at 2017, 2 and 1 days (B), detecting the SOD activity of the leaves, and calculating the survival rate. The experiment adopts SPSS17.0 statistical software to carry out single-factor variance analysis, and the obtained data is used
And (4) form representation. See table 1 for test results.
Table 1 results of acclimatization test in example 1
Note: the same column is labeled differently, indicating that the difference is significant (p < 0.05). When the upper corner marks of the corresponding data of the domesticated group and the control group are all a, the difference between the indexes corresponding to the data of the domesticated group and the control group is not obvious. When the corresponding data of the acclimated group and the control group are marked with different letters, the acclimated group and the control group are shown to have obvious difference on the indexes corresponding to the data.
The test results shown in table 1 indicate that the domesticated composition activity rate is significantly higher than that of the control group. The SOD activity of the leaf of the control group 1 is obviously higher than that of the domesticated group, because the active oxygen of the leaf is increased in the process of resisting low temperature of the control group seedling, and the SOD activity is enhanced in order to eliminate redundant oxygen free radicals. The increase in SOD activity has been generally recognized as a physiological response of plants against cold stress. Therefore, the results show that the mangrove plant north-shift domestication method provided by the invention obviously improves the growth quality and survival rate of mangrove plants. Compared with the survival rate of the seedlings in the domesticated group and the survival rate of the seedlings in the control group 2 are about 8 percent, and the domestication method provided by the invention has the advantage that the cold-proof protection solution has a better domestication effect.
Examples 2 to 5
Examples 2 to 5, the same conditions as in example 1 were used except that the temperature acclimation conditions in the acclimation in step (3) were different; specifically, see table 2 for examples 2-5, T in table 2 indicates the minimum outdoor temperature, and table 3 for the results of the acclimatization test.
Table 2 temperature acclimation conditions in examples 2-5
TABLE 3 results of acclimatization test in examples 2-5
Example 6
The present embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that the specific steps of alternately acclimatizing and culturing the high and low temperature of the hypocotyl of the kandelia candel planted in the planting field are different from embodiment 1, and the specific steps of alternately acclimatizing and culturing the high and low temperature are as follows:
a first stage acclimatization step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 6 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 10 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than 2 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 10 deg.c, and domesticating for 10 days;
a second stage domestication step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 2 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 10 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than 0 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 8 deg.c, and domesticating for 10 days;
a third stage acclimatization step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 0 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 5 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than-4 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 6 deg.c, and domesticating for 5 days; and finally, stabilizing the temperature of the greenhouse to be more than 6 ℃ until the spring of the next year. The results of the acclimatization test are shown in Table 4.
Example 7
The present embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that the specific steps of alternately acclimatizing and culturing the high and low temperature of the hypocotyl of the kandelia candel planted in the planting field are different from embodiment 1, and the specific steps of alternately acclimatizing and culturing the high and low temperature are as follows:
a first stage acclimatization step: when the outdoor minimum temperature reaches 10 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 15 days, wherein the outdoor minimum temperature T is ensured to be higher than 6 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 15 deg.c, and domesticating for 15 days;
a second stage domestication step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 6 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 10 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than 2 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 10 deg.c, and domesticating for 10 days;
a third stage acclimatization step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 2 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 10 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than-4 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 8 deg.c, and domesticating for 10 days; and finally, stabilizing the temperature of the greenhouse to be more than 6 ℃ until the spring of the next year. The results of the acclimatization test are shown in Table 4.
Example 8
The present embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that the specific steps of alternately acclimatizing and culturing the high and low temperature of the hypocotyl of the kandelia candel planted in the planting field are different from embodiment 1, and the specific steps of alternately acclimatizing and culturing the high and low temperature are as follows:
a first stage acclimatization step: when the outdoor minimum temperature reaches 10 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 15 days, wherein the outdoor minimum temperature T is ensured to be higher than 2 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 15 deg.c, and domesticating for 15 days;
a second stage domestication step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 2 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 10 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than 0 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 10 deg.c, and domesticating for 10 days;
a third stage acclimatization step: when the minimum outdoor temperature reaches 0 ℃, rolling up the roller shutter for low-temperature domestication for 5 days, wherein the minimum outdoor temperature T is ensured to be higher than-4 ℃; closing the roller shutter to raise the temperature in the shed to over 6 deg.c, and domesticating for 5 days; and finally, stabilizing the temperature of the greenhouse to be more than 6 ℃ until the spring of the next year. The results of the acclimatization test are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 results of acclimatization test in examples 6 to 8
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (25)
1. A mangrove plant north-shift domestication method is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
firstly, collecting well-developed mangrove plant embryonic axis, soaking the mangrove plant embryonic axis in seawater with the salinity of 12-30 per mill, and then transporting the mangrove plant embryonic axis to a planting place as soon as possible;
step two, inserting the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant into a planting field; selecting a mudflat with the latitude of 28-31 degrees N at the planting place; the salinity of seawater on the tidal flat is 12-30 per mill;
step three, building a greenhouse in the planting field before winter, ensuring that the tidal water can normally rise and fall into the greenhouse, and performing high-low temperature alternative domestication cultivation on the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant inserted in the planting field;
in the third step, the alternately domesticating and culturing at high and low temperature comprises:
a first stage domestication step, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is more than 9 ℃ and less than or equal to 10 ℃, rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to start low-temperature domestication, wherein in the low-temperature domestication process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is ensured to be higher than 6 ℃, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is below 6 ℃, closing the greenhouse, and when the outdoor minimum temperature T rises back to be higher than 6 ℃, rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to continue low-temperature domestication, wherein the total time of the low-temperature domestication is at least 5 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be above 15 ℃, wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 5 days;
a second stage domestication step, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is more than 5 ℃ and less than or equal to 6 ℃, rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to start low-temperature domestication, wherein in the low-temperature domestication process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is higher than 2 ℃, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is lower than 2 ℃, the greenhouse roller shutter is required to be closed, when the outdoor minimum temperature T rises back to be higher than 2 ℃, the greenhouse roller shutter is rolled up again to continue the low-temperature domestication, and the total time of the low-temperature domestication is at least 5 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be above 10 ℃, wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 5 days;
a third stage acclimatization step, namely rolling up the greenhouse roller shutter to start low-temperature acclimatization when the outdoor minimum temperature T reaches more than 1 ℃ and less than or equal to 2 ℃, wherein in the low-temperature acclimatization process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is higher than 0 ℃, the greenhouse is required to be closed when the outdoor minimum temperature T is lower than 0 ℃, the greenhouse roller shutter is rolled up again to continue the low-temperature acclimatization when the outdoor minimum temperature T rises back to be higher than 0 ℃, and the total time of the low-temperature acclimatization is at least 3 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be more than 8 ℃, wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 3 days;
a fourth stage of domestication, wherein when the outdoor minimum temperature T is greater than-1 ℃ and less than or equal to 0 ℃, the greenhouse roller blind is rolled up to start low-temperature domestication, in the low-temperature domestication process, the outdoor minimum temperature T is guaranteed to be higher than-4 ℃, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is lower than-4 ℃, the greenhouse is required to be closed, when the outdoor minimum temperature T is raised back to be higher than-4 ℃, the greenhouse roller blind is rolled up to continue low-temperature domestication, and the total time of the low-temperature domestication is at least 2 days; closing the greenhouse after the low-temperature domestication is finished, and starting heat preservation domestication when the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be higher than 6 ℃, wherein the total time of the heat preservation domestication is at least 2 days; finally, stabilizing the temperature in the greenhouse to be more than 6 ℃ until the greenhouse is opened in the spring of the next year to ensure that the mangrove plants grow normally under natural conditions;
spraying cold-proof protective liquid to the mangrove when the minimum outdoor temperature is reduced to 10 ℃;
the cold-proof protective liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-80 parts of micro-nano shell powder, 10-90 parts of sodium alginate, 1-15 parts of glucose and 3-25 parts of glycerol.
2. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 1, wherein in the first step,
the embryonic axis of the mangrove plant is the first premature embryonic axis or the eight-nine mature embryonic axis.
3. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 1, wherein in the first step,
the mangrove plant hypocotyl is from Fujian, and the collection time is 4-5 months per year.
4. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 1, wherein in the first step,
the soaking time is 1-10 h.
5. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 4, wherein in the first step,
the soaking time is 60-120 min.
6. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 1, wherein in the first step,
the soaking treatment is to soak the mangrove plant hypocotyls in seawater collected from the land;
the transportation days in the process of transporting the hypocotyls of the mangrove plants from the collection land to the planting land are not more than 4 days.
7. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 1, wherein in the first step,
during transportation, the seedling tops of the embryonic axes of the mangrove plants are upwards placed in the ventilating container, and straws are placed at the bottom layer, so that good ventilation is ensured.
8. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the second step, the embryonic axis of the mangrove plants is sterilized and disinfected before the transplanting.
9. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 8, characterized in that the sterilization and disinfection treatment is soaking for 10-15h with 0.1-0.2 wt% potassium permanganate solution.
10. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that in the second step, the transplanting mode is as follows: and (3) transplanting a mangrove plant hypocotyl in each hole, wherein the transplanting depth is 6-10cm, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are not less than 30 cm.
11. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 10, wherein in the second step, the transplanting mode is as follows: and (3) punching by using a wood bar with the diameter of 2-3cm, and then performing the transplanting.
12. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 10, wherein in the second step, the transplanting mode is as follows: the transplanting selection is carried out 1-2 days after the current month climax, and the transplanting selection is carried out after the ebb tide in the cloudy day.
13. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the third step, the planting field adopts a mixture of soil and sand as a transplanting medium.
14. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method of claim 13, wherein the soil is sea mud of the planting field.
15. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 13, wherein the sand has a particle size of 0.2-2 mm.
16. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 13, wherein the weight ratio of soil to sand in the transplanting culture medium is 10: 1-8: 1.
17. The method for domesticating mangrove plants in the north according to claim 1, wherein the seawater salinity of the tidal flat is 14-19 per mill.
18. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 13, wherein the greenhouse is a roller shutter greenhouse.
19. The mangrove plant north-shift acclimatization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step of alternately acclimatizing at high and low temperatures is repeated in winter of the second year.
20. The mangrove plant north-shift acclimatization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the third step,
in the first stage domestication step, the total time of the low-temperature domestication is 12-18 days, and the total time of the heat preservation domestication is 12-18 days;
in the second stage domestication step, the total time of the low-temperature domestication is 8-12 days, and the total time of the heat preservation domestication is 8-12 days;
in the third stage acclimation step, the total time of the low-temperature acclimation is 8-12 days, and the total time of the heat preservation acclimation is 8-12 days;
in the fourth stage acclimation step, the total time of the low-temperature acclimation is 3-8 days, and the total time of the heat preservation acclimation is 3-8 days.
21. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 1, characterized in that holes are periodically punched on the surface of the beach.
22. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold-proof protection liquid comprises the following raw materials by weight: 20-50 parts of micro-nano shell powder, 30-60 parts of sodium alginate, 2-10 parts of glucose and 5-20 parts of glycerol.
23. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 1, wherein in the cold-proof protection solution, the particle size of the micro-nano shell powder is 0.1-100 μm.
24. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 23, wherein in the cold-proof protection solution, the micro-nano shell powder has a particle size of 1-100 μm.
25. The mangrove plant north-shift domestication method according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-nano shell powder is selected from one or a mixture of several of mussel shell, oyster shell, pearl shell and scallop shell.
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| CN109429860A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-08 | 张宏亮 | The method for culturing seedlings of plant autumn solanberry reality in mangrove |
| CN109526515A (en) * | 2018-12-02 | 2019-03-29 | 台州学院 | A kind of Kandelia candel mangrove cultivation of container seedling method of optimization |
| CN109906787A (en) * | 2019-01-06 | 2019-06-21 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method that Cryogenic Temperature Swing tempers raising chrysanthemum cold resistance |
| CN109997532B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-04-23 | 深圳中绿环境集团有限公司 | Method for separately propagating mangrove halopteris |
| CN110447451A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-15 | 舟山赛莱特海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of salt water ecological restoration technology on river method based on mangrove |
| CN111567377A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江森古生物科技有限公司 | Wild-like high-quality dendrobium nobile cultivation method |
| CN111567378A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江森古生物科技有限公司 | Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale |
| CN111557206B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-07-30 | 浙江省舟山市水产研究所 | Method for cultivating Kandelia candel seedlings by using culture tail water |
| CN114271151B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-01-13 | 青岛绿色硅谷科技有限公司 | Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse |
| CN114271142B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-01-06 | 复旦大学 | Planting method for improving low-temperature resistance of mangrove plant Kandelia candel seedlings |
| CN115088516B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-04-12 | 海南省智慧环境投资控股有限公司 | Mangrove seedling cultivation system and method |
| CN115956447A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-04-14 | 舟山赛莱特海洋科技有限公司 | Method for domesticating hippocastanum plants in north |
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